/content/hardware-gis-infrastructure Hardware—GIS InfrastructureHardware is really a simplistic term used to describe the technology infrastructure needed to support your GIS implementation. The infrastructure you develop depends on the system requirements you determined you needed during that phase of implemenation planning. Using Web services for your GIS needs requires minimal investment in infrastructure, while an enterprise GIS implementation requires careful planning and a fairly significant investment in computer equipm ent, network technology, database connectivity, and whatever else is required.GIS is very much part of the information technology (IT) infrastructure for any organization, not a separate or niche technology. Your IT group will help you determine the infrastructure you need and ensure that it is compatible with the overall IT infrastructure for the organization. Depending on the scale of your implementation, your IT group will help you determine how to address issues such as security, data integrity, compatibility with other critical IT infrastructure and applications, and so on. Partnering early on with your IT group in planning the implementation of your GIS will significantly increase the success of your implementation and use of GIS.Determine System RequirementsThe system requirements stage is where you examine the system functions and user interface needed, along with the interface, communications, hardware, and software requirements. This should be the first time in the planning process that you examine software and hardware products.By reviewing the information product descriptions, you will summarize the functions needed to produce them. Issues of interface design, effective communications (particularly in distributedsystems), and appropriate hardware and software configurations should also be considered during this planning phase.Plan your system carefullyGIS Cost WaterfallCost of a change:$1 – in the requir ements stage$10 – in the design stage$100 – in the c onstruction stage$1000 – in the implementation stageSource: Database Programming & Design, October, 1996, p. 57-64Resourc es for deter m ining system r equir ements fr om the ESRI Pr oject Center.。
地理信息技术专业学习教程全面了解地理信息系统的硬件与软件环境地理信息技术专业学习教程全面了解地理信息系统的硬件与软件环境地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，简称GIS）是一种将地理空间数据与属性数据相结合，以地图为基础，进行数据管理、查询、分析和展示的专业工具。
它涉及到大量的硬件和软件环境，本文将全面介绍地理信息系统的硬件与软件环境，帮助广大地理信息技术专业学习者深入了解这一领域。
一、GIS硬件环境1.计算机系统计算机是地理信息系统的核心设备，负责存储和处理大量的地理空间数据。
常见的GIS计算机系统包括台式机、笔记本电脑和服务器等。
对于学习者而言，一台配置较高的台式机或笔记本电脑就足够满足学习需求，但在实际应用中，GIS服务器通常具备较高的计算和存储能力。
2.输入设备输入设备用于将现实世界中的地理信息数据转化为计算机可以识别的数据形式，常见的输入设备包括键盘、鼠标、摄像头和扫描仪等。
学习过程中，键盘和鼠标是最常用的输入设备，但对于一些实地数据采集工作，摄像头和扫描仪的应用则更为广泛。
3.输出设备输出设备用于将计算机处理后的结果展示给用户，常见的输出设备包括显示器、打印机和绘图仪等。
在学习过程中，通常使用显示器进行数据分析和地图制作，而在实际应用中，GIS成果往往需要以打印或绘图的形式进行呈现。
4.存储设备地理空间数据一般占用较大的存储空间，因此存储设备的选择至关重要。
常见的存储设备包括硬盘、固态硬盘和网络存储器等。
在实际应用中，为了保证数据的可靠性和稳定性，一般会使用冗余阵列硬盘（RAID）等技术进行数据备份。
二、GIS软件环境1.地理信息系统软件地理信息系统软件是进行地理空间数据管理、分析和展示的核心工具，常见的GIS软件包括ArcGIS、MapInfo和QGIS等。
学习者可以根据实际需求选择适合自己的GIS软件进行学习和实践。
2.数据处理软件地理信息数据处理是GIS的重点任务之一，数据处理软件可用于数据格式转换、数据库管理和数据处理等工作。
