单独考试英语考试大纲-同济大学研究生招生网

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)考试大纲标题：全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）考试大纲详解文档内容：**一、考试性质与目标**全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）是针对报考学术型硕士研究生的考生设置的，旨在全面考察考生的英语语言运用能力，包括阅读理解能力、写作水平、翻译技巧以及对词汇语法知识的掌握程度。

考试旨在筛选出具备扎实英语基础和较高应用能力的考生。

**二、考试内容与结构**1. **完形填空部分**：主要测试考生在篇章层面理解和运用英语词汇、短语及语法结构的能力，要求考生能够根据上下文准确填写单词或短语。

2. **阅读理解部分**：包含多项选择题形式的阅读材料，考查考生获取、理解并分析文章主旨要义和具体信息的能力，以及根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。

3. **翻译部分**：要求考生将一篇约400字的汉语短文译成英语，主要评估考生的汉英双语转换能力和对两种语言文化差异的理解能力。

4. **写作部分**：分为应用文写作和短文写作两部分。

应用文写作通常涉及通知、信函等实用文体；短文写作则需要考生围绕所给话题进行论述，考察其论点组织、逻辑思维和书面表达能力。

**三、参考书目与考试大纲**考生应参照《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲》进行系统复习，大纲详细列出了各部分的考试要求、题型示例以及推荐的学习参考资料。

同时，建议考生广泛阅读各类英文原著、期刊文献以提高英语综合素养。

**四、备考策略**考生应注重词汇的记忆积累，提升长难句解析能力，精读与泛读结合提高阅读速度和理解精度，定期进行翻译和写作练习，不断锤炼语言输出技能。

同时，关注社会热点问题，锻炼用英语思考和表达的能力。

总结来说，全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）既是对考生英语基础知识的检验，也是对其实际运用能力的考察。

希望广大考生能依据考试大纲，制定科学合理的复习计划，全面提升自身的英语水平和应用能力。

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一考试大纲National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (NPEE) English Test OutlineIntroduction:The National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (NPEE) is an important exam for Chinese students seeking admission to postgraduate programs. The English test is a crucial part of the exam, designed to assess the English proficiency of the candidates. This document outlines the key components of the NPEE English test and provides some tips for preparing for the exam.Test Format:The NPEE English test consists of four parts: listening, reading, writing, and translation. Each part is designed to evaluate different skills and aspects of the candidates' English proficiency.1. Listening:The listening section of the NPEE English test includes multiple-choice questions based on recorded conversations and dialogues. Candidates are required to listen carefully and choosethe correct answer based on the information presented in the recordings.Tip: Practice listening to different accents and speeds of English speakers to improve your listening skills.2. Reading:The reading section of the NPEE English test includes multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank exercises, and essay questions. Candidates are required to read and understand passages on various topics, including literature, science, and current affairs.Tip: Read a variety of English texts, including newspapers, magazines, and academic journals, to improve your reading comprehension skills.3. Writing:The writing section of the NPEE English test requires candidates to write essays on assigned topics. Candidates are assessed on their ability to present arguments, organize ideas, and use correct grammar and vocabulary.Tip: Practice writing essays on different topics and have them reviewed by a teacher or tutor to improve your writing skills.4. Translation:The translation section of the NPEE English test requires candidates to translate sentences from Chinese to English and vice versa. Candidates are assessed on their ability to accurately convey the meaning of the original text in the target language.Tip: Practice translating sentences and passages between Chinese and English to improve your translation skills.Preparation Tips:1. Start preparing early: Begin studying for the NPEE English test as soon as possible to give yourself enough time to improve your English proficiency.2. Practice regularly: Make a study schedule and practice listening, reading, writing, and translation exercises on a daily basis.3. Seek help: Consider hiring a tutor or attending English classes to receive personalized instruction and feedback on your language skills.4. Take practice tests: Familiarize yourself with the format and types of questions on the NPEE English test by taking practice tests and reviewing your answers.5. Stay confident: Believe in your abilities and stay positive throughout your preparation and during the exam.In conclusion, the NPEE English test is an important component of the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination and requires candidates to demonstrate their English proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and translation. By following the tips outlined in this document and dedicating time and effort to your preparation, you can improve your chances of success on the exam. Good luck!。

2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam OutlineI. Listening ComprehensionThis section of the exam will test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional settings. Candidates will listen to a series of recordings, including lectures, conversations, and presentations, and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. The topics will cover a wide range of subjects relevant to doctoral studies, such as research methods, literature reviews, and academic discussions.II. Reading ComprehensionIn this section, candidates will read academic texts, including scholarly articles, research papers, and book excerpts, and answer questions to demonstrate their understanding of the content. The passages will be of varying lengths and complexity, requiring candidates to identify main ideas, supporting details, and logical relationships within the text.III. Writing SkillsCandidates will be required to demonstrate their ability to write coherent and well-structured essays on a variety of topics related to their field of study. This section will test candidates' proficiency in academic writing, including the ability to formulate clear arguments, provide evidence to support their claims, and organize their ideas in a logical manner. Candidates may be asked to analyze a case study, evaluate a research question, or propose a research methodology.IV. Vocabulary and GrammarThis section will assess candidates' knowledge of vocabulary and grammar in academic English. Candidates will be tested on their ability to use complex vocabulary and grammar structures accurately and appropriately in written and spoken English. This section may include exercises on word meaning, word usage, sentence structure, and grammatical rules.V. Speaking SkillsCandidates will be required to engage in conversations and discussions on academic topics with examiners. This section will test candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently, respond to questions, and engage in academic discourse. Candidates will be evaluated on their fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary usage, and grammar accuracy.Overall, the 2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam is designed to assess candidates' readiness for doctoral studies by evaluating their listening, reading, writing, speaking, vocabulary, and grammar skills in academic English. Candidates are encouraged to prepare thoroughly for the exam by practicing listening and reading comprehension, academic writing, vocabulary building, and speaking skills in English. Good luck to all the candidates!。

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) Examination Syllabus (Non-English Major)Introduction:The National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) is a standardized test designed to assess the English language proficiency of non-English major students who wish to pursue a master's degree in China. This examination is a crucial part of the application process for graduate programs in various disciplines, and it tests the candidates' reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills in English.Examination Format:The National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) consists of four sections:1. Reading Comprehension:This section assesses the candidates' ability to understand and analyze written texts. The candidates will be required to answer multiple-choice questions based on a series of passages on various topics, such as science, history, literature, and social issues.2. Listening Comprehension:In this section, the candidates will listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content of the recordings. The recordings may include conversations, lectures, and news reports.3. Speaking:The speaking section evaluates the candidates' ability to express their ideas and opinions in English. The candidates will be asked to respond to prompts on various topics and engage in discussions with the examiners.4. Writing:The writing section tests the candidates' ability to write coherent and well-organized essays in English. The candidates will be required to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time limit.Preparation Strategies:To excel in the National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II), candidates should adopt the following preparation strategies:1. Practice regularly: Candidates should practice reading, listening, speaking, and writing in English on a daily basis to improve their language skills.2. Familiarize themselves with the examination format: Candidates should understand the format of the examination and practice past papers to become familiar with the types of questions that may appear on the test.3. Expand their vocabulary: Candidates should learn new words and phrases in English to enhance their ability to understand and express themselves effectively.4. Seek feedback: Candidates should seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or peers to improve their language proficiency and address any weaknesses in their English skills.Conclusion:The National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) is an important test for non-English major students who aspire to pursue a master's degree in China. By preparing systematically and diligently for the examination, candidates canenhance their English language skills and improve their chances of success in the competitive application process for graduate programs.篇2National Master's Entrance Examination in English(Non-English Major) Exam OutlineI. IntroductionThe National Master's Entrance Examination in English (Non-English Major) is a standardized test designed to evaluate the English language proficiency of non-English major graduate students in China. The exam is an important criterion for admission to various master's programs in English-speaking countries or other programs that require English language proficiency.II. Exam ContentThe exam consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Each section tests different language skills and abilities, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the candidate's English proficiency.1. Listening:The listening section assesses the candidate's ability to understand spoken English in various contexts, including academic lectures, conversations, and radio broadcasts. Candidates are required to answer multiple-choice questions based on the audio materials they hear.2. Reading:The reading section tests the candidate's comprehension of written English texts, such as academic articles, essays, and reports. Candidates are expected to answer questions that assess their ability to analyze and interpret the information presented in the texts.3. Writing:The writing section evaluates the candidate's ability to express ideas clearly and coherently in written English. Candidates are asked to write essays or reports on given topics, demonstrating their skills in argumentation, logic, and organization.4. Speaking:The speaking section examines the candidate's ability to communicate effectively in spoken English. Candidates are required to participate in conversations, role-plays, orpresentations, demonstrating their fluency, pronunciation, and accuracy in speaking.III. Exam FormatThe exam is conducted in a computer-based format, with different sections administered at specified times. Candidates are allotted a specific amount of time for each section, with breaks provided between sections to ensure optimal performance.IV. ScoringThe exam is scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with each section weighted differently. The final score is a composite of the scores obtained in each section, providing an overall assessment of the candidate's English proficiency level.V. PreparationTo prepare for the National Master's Entrance Examination in English (Non-English Major), candidates are advised to practice regularly and familiarize themselves with the exam format and content. They can use study materials, attend preparatory courses, or seek guidance from English language tutors to improve their language skills.In conclusion, the National Master's Entrance Examination in English (Non-English Major) is a crucial assessment that determines the English language proficiency of non-English major graduate students seeking admission to master's programs. By understanding the exam outline, content, format, scoring, and preparation strategies, candidates can effectively prepare for the exam and increase their chances of success.篇3National Master's Entrance Examination English (Part II) Syllabus (Non-English Major)1. Listening Comprehension (30%)Part A: Listen and select the best response to the question you hear. (5 points)Part B: Listen and choose the best answer to the question you hear. (10 points)Part C: Listen and choose the statement that best summarizes the passage you hear. (5 points)Part D: Listen and choose the correct speaker for each statement. (5 points)Part E: Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing information you hear. (5 points)2. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Part A: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. (10 points)Part B: Choose the word(s) or phrase(s) that best explain the underlined word(s) or phrase(s). (10 points)Part C: Choose the word(s) or phrase(s) that best fits the blank in the sentence. (10 points)3. Reading Comprehension (30%)Part A: Read the passage and answer the questions. (10 points)Part B: Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases. (10 points)Part C: Read the passage and choose the statement that best summarizes the passage. (10 points)4. Writing (10%)Part A: Write an article on a given topic. (10 points)Total: 100 pointsNote: The above exam syllabus is subject to change based on the examination committee's decision. Candidates are advised to prepare thoroughly by practicing sample questions and familiarizing themselves with the exam format. Good luck with your preparation!。

2024年英语一考研大纲
2024年英语一考研大纲是为了选拔具备良好英语综合能力的考生，以进入
研究生阶段学习深造而制定的。

本次考试涉及英语听力、阅读、翻译和写作四个方面的能力测试，以全面评估考生的英语水平。

具体考试要求如下：
1. 听力测试要求：考生需具备较好的听力理解能力，能听懂日常生活中的英语对话和讲座；能理解英语新闻、广播等实际应用场景中的语言表达。

2. 阅读理解要求：考生需能够理解各类英语文章，包括研究论文、新闻报道、广告等，并能够通过分析、判断、推理等手段获取文章中的信息。

3. 翻译要求：考生需能够将英语资料准确翻译成中文，并能够将中文资料翻译成英文，同时要求译文的流畅性和准确性。

4. 写作要求：考生需能够用英语撰写各类文章，包括议论文、说明文、应用文等，并要求文章的结构清晰、语言流畅、逻辑严密。

总的来说，2024年英语一考研大纲旨在全面考察考生的英语水平，要求考
生具备扎实的英语基础和良好的语言运用能力。

2024年考研201英语一考试大纲原文摘要：1.引言：了解2024年考研英语一考试大纲的重要性2.考试大纲概述：考试形式、题型及分值分布3.听力部分：题型解析、解题技巧与策略4.阅读理解部分：题型解析、解题技巧与策略5.完形填空部分：题型解析、解题技巧与策略6.翻译部分：题型解析、解题技巧与策略7.写作部分：题型解析、解题技巧与策略8.结论：如何利用考试大纲提高考研英语一成绩正文：【引言】随着2024年考研的临近，广大考生们正在紧锣密鼓地备战。

英语一作为考研科目之一，其重要性不言而喻。

为了帮助考生们更好地备考，我们特地分析了2024年考研英语一考试大纲，以期为考生们提供有针对性的复习策略。

【考试大纲概述】2024年考研英语一考试大纲规定，考试时间为180分钟，总分值为100分。

考试分为四个部分：听力、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。

下面我们将分别对这四个部分进行详细解析。

【听力部分】听力部分共20题，分值为20分。

题型包括短对话、长对话、短文听写、篇章听力等。

在备考过程中，考生需注意以下几点：1.掌握各类题型的解题技巧；2.提高英语听力水平，尤其是口语发音和语调；3.培养快速笔记的能力，以便在听录音时能迅速捕捉关键信息。

【阅读理解部分】阅读理解部分共20题，分值为40分。

题型包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。

为提高阅读理解得分，考生需：1.熟练掌握各类题型的解题技巧；2.扩大词汇量，提高阅读速度；3.培养文章脉络分析能力，迅速把握文章结构。

【完形填空部分】完形填空部分共20题，分值为20分。

题型为填空题，要求考生根据文章内容填写合适的单词。

为提高完形填空得分，考生需：1.掌握常用词汇和短语，尤其是固定搭配；2.培养快速阅读能力，把握文章主题；3.分析句子结构，注意上下文关系。

【翻译部分】翻译部分共1题，分值为25分。

题型为英汉互译，涉及政治、经济、文化、科技等领域。

考生在备考时应注意：1.熟练掌握各类句型和翻译技巧；2.提高英语表达能力，尤其是口语和书面表达；3.积累专业词汇和表达，以便在考试中能迅速翻译。

2024考研大纲英语一【原创版】目录1.2024 考研英语一考试大纲的发布背景2.考试大纲的重要性3.2024 考研英语一考试大纲的主要内容4.考生如何依据大纲进行复习5.深大考研信息网的相关资讯和辅导班正文2024 考研大纲英语一的发布背景随着 2024 年全国硕士研究生招生工作的启动，考研大纲作为指导考生备考的重要文件也已发布。

考研大纲是由教育部考试中心制定的，旨在为考生提供复习备考的指导，帮助考生了解考试范围、题型及分值等信息。

对于 2024 年考研英语一的大纲，我们可以从中了解到一些有关考试的最新信息。

考试大纲的重要性考试大纲是考生备考过程中必不可少的参考文件。

它为考生提供了关于考试范围、考试形式、试题分值等重要信息，有助于考生明确复习重点，合理安排复习计划，提高复习效率。

考生在备考过程中需要根据大纲要求，系统学习各科目知识，掌握考试要点，为考试做好充分的准备。

2024 考研英语一考试大纲的主要内容根据 2024 考研英语一考试大纲，我们可以发现与往年相比，大纲变动不大。

英语一考试主要分为听力、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和作文等五个部分。

各部分的分值和题型基本与往年保持一致。

具体来说：1.听力部分：包括短文听力和长对话听力，短文听力要求考生听懂短文的主旨和细节；长对话听力要求考生听懂对话双方的观点和意图。

2.阅读理解部分：包括传统阅读和阅读新题型，传统阅读要求考生理解文章的主旨、细节和推断；阅读新题型要求考生根据文章的逻辑关系，完成相应的题目。

3.完形填空部分：要求考生根据上下文和语法知识，选择最佳选项填入文章中，使文章意思完整、通顺。

4.翻译部分：要求考生将中文翻译成英文或英文翻译成中文，考查考生的语言表达能力和翻译技巧。

5.作文部分：包括大作文和小作文，大作文要求考生根据给定话题进行论述；小作文要求考生根据给定情景，完成相应的写作任务。

考生如何依据大纲进行复习面对 2024 考研英语一考试大纲，考生需要制定合理的复习计划，并根据大纲要求进行针对性的复习。

同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲总则同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试（GET-P）是依照《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》规定、为完成教学目标而实施的一项标准化考试。

它是博士研究生公共英语课程设置的重要组成部分。

为贯彻执行教学大纲的要求、指导规范该项考试，特制订《同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲》。

一、考试目的本考试目的是衡量同济大学博士研究生英语技能知识、检查教学效果和成果、促进提高英语学习水平，并为评价学生学业能力提供参考依据。

二、考试性质与范围本考试属于标准参照性达标考试，兼顾教学检查考核。

考试范围包括《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》所规定的听、说、读、写四个方面的能力及知识。

三、考试时间、对象与命题本考试每学期举行一次，在学期期末、学生完成两门英语课程学习之后进行。

考试对象为除英语之外的各专业博士研究生。

本考试由外国语学院公共英语教学部负责命题、审题和阅卷，由研究生院培养处和公共英语教学部共同负责实施。

四、考试形式本考试分书面纸质考试和口试两部分；考试秉持测试的客观性和可行性，采用有效试题形式，并保证考试的效度和信度。

五、考试内容书面考试题项包含三部分：听力理解、阅读理解和短文写作。

考试规定时间120分钟。

听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1、测试要求：（a）能听懂日常交际场合中的各种英语会话和交谈。

（b）能听懂英语时事新闻的报道、报告。

（c）能听懂有关历史、文化、教育、科学等方面的英语故事和介绍。

（d）考试时间约20分钟。

2、测试形式：(a)本部分采用多项选择题形式，分两节：Section A与Section B，共20题。

(b) Section A (Listening Conversations) 由10个对话组成，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。

(c) Section B (Listening Passages) 由3篇短文组成，每篇长度约250单词，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)考试大纲全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）考试大纲是针对全国硕士研究生招生考试英语科目的唯一官方指南，旨在为考试提供明确的指导和规范。

以下是2024年版的英语（一）考试大纲，主要包括总体要求、考试内容和考试形式等方面。

一、总体要求英语（一）考试大纲明确要求考生应具备以下能力：1.掌握英语语言基本知识和技能，具备较好的阅读、写作、翻译和表达能力；2.具备扎实的专业基础，能够运用英语进行学术研究和交流；3.具备一定的跨文化交流能力，能够理解和尊重不同文化背景下的价值观和习俗。

二、考试内容英语（一）考试主要包括四个部分：阅读理解、写作、翻译和听力。

1.阅读理解：阅读理解部分主要测试考生通过阅读获取信息、理解文章结构和逻辑关系的能力。

考试内容涉及各种类型的文章，包括说明文、议论文、记叙文等。

要求考生能够准确理解文章的主旨、细节和推理判断，并能根据上下文推测生词的意义。

2.写作：写作部分主要测试考生的英语表达能力，包括短文写作和命题作文等题型。

短文写作要求考生能够根据给定的主题或情景，写出一篇结构清晰、语言流畅、表达准确的短文。

命题作文则要求考生根据给定的题目和提示，写出一篇观点鲜明、论证有力的议论文或说明文。

3.翻译：翻译部分主要测试考生将英语翻译成汉语的能力。

考试内容涉及各种类型的文章，包括说明文、议论文、记叙文等。

要求考生能够准确理解英文原意，用汉语流畅表达出来，同时注意翻译的准确性和语言表达的地道性。

4.听力：听力部分主要测试考生通过听力获取信息的能力。

考试内容通常包括对话、讲座、新闻报道等形式。

要求考生能够理解听力材料的主旨和细节，并根据所听内容作出推理判断或完成相关任务。

三、考试形式英语（一）考试采用闭卷笔试形式，考试时间为180分钟，总分100分。

各部分所占分值为：阅读理解部分40分，写作部分30分，翻译部分20分，听力部分10分。

考试难度和内容将根据考生的具体专业和报考院校的要求而定。

考研英语大纲供参考：
一、考试性质和目的
1. 考试性质：全国硕士研究生入学考试（以下简称“考研”）中的英语科目；
2. 考试目的：测试考生的英语阅读理解、翻译和写作能力，以及英语语言运用的基本技能。

二、考试内容
1. 阅读理解：主要考察考生对英文文章的理解和分析能力，包括主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断等。

2. 完形填空：主要考察考生对上下文语境的理解和词语搭配的能力。

3. 翻译：主要考察考生对中英文互译的能力，包括英译汉和汉译英。

4. 写作：主要考察考生的英语写作能力和表达能力，包括作文和应用文写作。

三、考试形式和时间
1. 考试形式：笔试；
2. 考试时间：3小时。

四、考试分值和及格标准
1. 考试分值：总分为100分；
2. 及格标准：总分不低于60分。

五、考试要求和注意事项
1. 要求考生具备扎实的英语基础知识和基本技能；
2. 要求考生具有较强的英语阅读理解、翻译和写作能力；
3. 要求考生能够熟练运用英语进行交流和表达；
4. 注意事项：考生需自备文具和计算器，不得携带任何与考试无关的物品进入考场。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There’s nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you.1,the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in2disabled access to buildings,facilitating hygiene in required areas and helping provide general3to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in1960after being invented six years previously by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt.They started out as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown their benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particularly useful in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors act as crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’way.They give us one less thing to tackle during daily life and the occasional quick escape.As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area occupied by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these allow smaller buildings to maximise the usablespace inside without the need to clear the way for a large,protruding door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each relying on specific signals to tell them when to open.Although these methods differ,the main principles remain the same.Each automatic door system analyses the light,sound,weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to complement the different environments they are needed in.18,a busy street might not19a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure-sensitive mat would be more20to limit the surveyed area.1.A.Through B.Despite C.Besides D.Without2.A.revealing B.demanding C.improving D.tracing3.A.experience B.convenience C.guidance D.reference4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.C.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.16.A.B.C.D.17.A.B.C.D.18.A.B.C.D.For example19.A.B.C.D.suit20.A.B.C.D.appropriateSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Nearly2,000years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nailhoard was discovered in1960in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on10tons of weapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith’s labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by90%between the late1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven’t changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would beabsurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects: their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing I’ve learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it’s the cheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had a few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global energy system.21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake ofA.saving them for future use.B.keeping them from rusting.C.letting them grow in value.D.hiding them from the locals.22.The example of early17th century Virginians is used toA.highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.B.illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.C.contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.D.show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.23.What played the major role in lowing the price of nails after the late1700s?A.Increased productivity.B.Wider use of new energies.C.Fiercer market competition.D.Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be learned from Paragraph5that nailsA.have undergone many technological improvements.B.have remained basically all the same since Roman times.C.are less studied than other everyday products.D.are one of the world’s most significant inventions.25.Which of the following best summaries the last two paragraphs?A.Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.B.Technological innovation is integral to economic success.C.Technology defines people’s understanding of the world.D.Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters moved by wind,tide and current;the mix of land and water where spots are sometimes dry,sometimes wet.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species from birds and fish to mammals and worms while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructivestorm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a5-4conservative majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a"continuous surface connection"to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope(after more than a half-century of differing interpretation of"navigable waters"under Republican and Democratic administrations alike)was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as even Trump-appointed Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that sooften come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York, West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.And so we would call on President Joe Biden and Congress to restore this much-needed EPA authority under the Clean Water Act and protect the nation's wetlands–and with them the safety of our water supply,aquatic species and recreational spaces as well as flood protections.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors. And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example, aren't thinking about next year's blue crab,oyster or rockfishharvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their Lackawanna County fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.And so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model. It's been gone since the1980s but perhaps a visit to Blackwater National WildlifeRefuge in Dorchester County where American bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph1as.A.a valuable natural environment.B.a controversial conservation area.C.a place with commercial potential.D.a headache for nearby communities.37.The U.S.Supreme Court’s ruling in the Idaho case.A.reinforces water pollution control.B.weakens the EPA’s regulatory power.C.will end conflicts among local residents.D.may face opposition from mining operators.38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?A.Worried.B.Puzzled.C.Relieved.D.Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA’s involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?A.It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.B.It has triggered a radial reform in commercial fishers.C.It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.D.It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should.A.be cautious about the influence of land owners.B.attach due importance to wetlands protections.C.recongnize the need to expand wildlife refuges.D.improve the wellbeing of endangered species.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions41–45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A–H and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A,E,and H have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.It is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolen artifacts.B.It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.C.Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts’copies after the originals are returned.D.Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects.E.The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.F.Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.G.Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)The African savanna elephant,also known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across37African countries.(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where other elephants are--even when they are out of sight.(47)The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.(48)One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49)The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Read the following email from an international student and write a reply.Dear Li Ming,I’ve got a class assignment to make an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist, but I’m not sure how to prepare for it.Can you give me some advice?Thank you for your help.Yours,PaulWrite your answer in about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in your email;use“Li Ming”instead.(10points) Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on the picture and the chart below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture and the chart briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer in160–200words on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲本考试对教材不作统一规定，凡符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。

一、评价目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1．语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2．词汇考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇以及相关词组。

(二)语言技能1．阅读考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3％)，包括信函、书报杂志上的文章等。

根据所读材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义；2)理解文中的具体信息；3)理解文中的概念性含义；4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8)区分论点和论据。

2. 翻译(英译中)考生应能将所给的文字材料译成汉语,理解正确,译文达意。

3. 写作考生应能正确使用4－5千英语词汇，熟练掌握相关英语习惯用法；应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。

短文写作时，考生应能：1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2)遵循文章的特定文体格式，做到行文流畅，词汇丰富，句式变化；3)合理组织文章结构，使其中心突出，内容统一、上下文连贯；4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。

二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

笔试考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

(二) 笔试考试内容与试卷结构笔试试题分四部分，包括词汇, 阅读理解, 翻译(英译中)和写作。

第一部分词汇该部分共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

主要测试考生的词汇量。

要求考生根据所给的题目，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，或填空。

2024年研究生入学英语考试大纲详解《2024 年研究生入学英语考试大纲详解》对于众多有志于攻读研究生的学子来说，研究生入学考试是人生道路上的一个重要关卡。

而英语作为其中的必考科目，其考试大纲的变化和要点备受关注。

2024 年研究生入学英语考试大纲的出炉，为考生们指明了备考的方向。

接下来，让我们对这份大纲进行详细的解读。

首先，我们来看看词汇部分。

词汇一直是英语学习的基础，2024 年大纲在词汇要求上与以往相比，总体上保持稳定，但也有一些细微的调整。

大纲所涵盖的词汇量依然较大，考生需要掌握约 5500 个左右的常用词汇以及相关的常用词组。

这就要求考生在备考过程中，不仅要记住单词的拼写和意思，更要了解其在不同语境中的用法和搭配。

在语法方面，大纲明确了重点考查的语法点，包括各类从句、时态、语态、非谓语动词等。

考生需要对这些语法知识有清晰的理解和准确的运用能力。

对于一些容易混淆的语法点，如虚拟语气、定语从句和同位语从句的区别等，要进行重点突破和强化练习。

阅读理解是英语考试中的重头戏，占了较大的分值比例。

2024 年大纲对阅读理解的要求依然较高，不仅考查考生对文章细节的理解，更注重对文章主旨、作者观点态度的把握，以及对文章逻辑结构的分析。

在阅读题材方面，涵盖了社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等多个领域，这就要求考生具备广泛的知识背景和较强的阅读能力。

新题型也是考生需要关注的重点之一。

比如，段落匹配题要求考生能够快速浏览文章段落，准确把握段落主旨，然后与题目中的选项进行匹配。

这种题型考查考生的信息检索和归纳能力，需要在平时的练习中培养快速阅读和精准定位的技巧。

写作部分包括大作文和小作文。

大作文通常要求考生根据给定的主题或图表进行论述，考查考生的语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力和观点阐述能力。

小作文则多为书信、通知等实用文体，注重考查考生对不同文体格式和语言风格的掌握。

在备考过程中，考生应根据大纲的要求制定合理的学习计划。

2024年研究生考试英语一大纲一、考试目标与要求英语一科目旨在考察考生的英语听力、阅读、翻译和写作等综合运用能力，测试其在语言运用和理解方面的水平。

考试要求考生在语法、词汇、逻辑推理等方面具备一定的英语基础，能够较为熟练地运用英语进行交流和表达。

二、考试内容听力理解：能听懂各类英语口音的对话和独白。

能听懂长篇演讲、讲座等语篇。

阅读理解：能理解各种文体的文章，包括新闻报道、学术论文、社论等。

能理解文章中的关键信息、作者观点等。

翻译：能将中文翻译成英文，包括文章翻译和句子翻译。

能准确传达原文的语言风格和信息。

写作：能够进行英语写作，包括议论文、应用文等。

能够清晰、连贯地表达个人观点。

三、考试形式听力理解：通过听音频记录，回答相关问题，考察考生对听力材料的理解能力。

阅读理解：阅读文章，回答相关问题，考察考生对文本的理解和分析能力。

翻译：采用中文到英文的翻译形式，考察考生的翻译水平。

写作：选择一个主题，撰写一篇英语文章，考察考生的写作表达能力。

四、备考建议听力练习：多听英语广播、英语电影，提高听力水平。

听一些英语口音较为标准的讲座和演讲。

阅读提高：阅读各类英语文章，注重提高阅读速度和理解能力。

学会总结文章中的主旨和观点。

翻译训练：多进行中英文翻译训练，注重翻译时的语境理解。

关注翻译中常见的语法结构和词汇搭配。

写作技巧：多练习英语写作，注意提高篇章结构的合理性。

阅读一些优秀的英语范文，学习写作技巧和表达方式。

五、考试注意事项考试时请认真审题，确保准确理解题目要求。

注意答题规范，书写工整，确保答案清晰可辨。

考试时间分配要合理，确保每个环节都有足够时间完成。

通过认真备考，相信各位考生能够在2024年的研究生英语一科目中取得优异的成绩。

祝愿大家考试顺利，成绩优异！。

2024考研英语大纲pdfThe 2024 English Exam Syllabus PDF。

The 2024 English Exam Syllabus PDF is a comprehensive guide for students preparing to take the English section of the national graduate entrance exam in 2024. This syllabus outlines the key topics, skills, and knowledge that will be tested in the exam, providing students with a clear understanding of what to expect and how to prepare.The PDF begins with an introduction to the exam, including an overview of the format, structure, and scoring. It then goes on to detail the specific topics and skills that will be covered in the English section. These include reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, writing, and listening. Each of these areas is broken down further, with a detailed description of the types of questions that may be asked and the specific skills that will be assessed.One of the key features of the 2024 English Exam Syllabus PDF is the sample questions and practice exercises that are included throughout the document. These give students the opportunity to test their understanding of the material and practice the skills they will need to succeed on the exam. The PDF also provides tips and strategies for approaching each type of question, as well as advice on how to manage time effectively during the exam.In addition to the specific content of the exam, the PDF also includes information on the scoring system and how the exam results will be used in the graduate admissions process. This is important for students to understand, as it can help them to set realistic goals and expectations for their performance on the exam.Overall, the 2024 English Exam Syllabus PDF is an essential resource for any student preparing to take the national graduate entrance exam. It provides a clear and detailed overview of the exam, as well as valuable practice materials and tips for success. By using this document as a guide, students can feel confident and well-prepared as they work towards achieving their goals on the exam.。

2024英语考纲【原创版】目录1.2024 英语考纲概述2.考纲的主要内容3.考纲的适用对象4.备考建议正文【2024 英语考纲概述】2024 英语考纲，全称为 2024 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语科目考试大纲，是由我国教育部考试中心制定的，用于指导全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语科目的考试内容和考试要求的官方文件。

该考纲每年都会进行修订，以适应我国教育发展和研究生选拔的需要。

【考纲的主要内容】2024 英语考纲主要包括以下几个部分：一、考试性质和目标这部分主要阐述了英语考试的性质，即全国硕士研究生入学统一考试的组成部分，以及考试的目标，即选拔具备一定英语水平的研究生。

二、考试内容考试内容主要包括语言知识、语言技能、语篇知识和文化知识四个方面。

1.语言知识：包括词汇、语法、句法等基础语言知识。

2.语言技能：包括听、说、读、写、译等语言运用技能。

3.语篇知识：包括语篇结构、语篇类型、语篇功能等。

4.文化知识：包括各国文化背景、跨文化交际等。

三、考试形式和考试要求这部分主要介绍了考试的形式，如笔试、口试等，以及考试的要求，如考试时间、考试题型等。

【考纲的适用对象】2024 英语考纲主要适用于全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语科目的备考考生，包括应届毕业生和在职人员。

通过学习考纲，考生可以了解考试的内容和要求，有针对性地进行复习。

【备考建议】针对 2024 英语考纲，以下是一些备考建议：1.熟悉考纲内容：考生需要认真研读考纲，了解考试的性质、目标、内容、形式和要求，以便进行有针对性的复习。

2.系统学习语言知识：考生需要系统学习词汇、语法、句法等基础语言知识，打牢语言基础。

3.提高语言技能：考生需要注重听、说、读、写、译等语言运用技能的培养，提高语言运用能力。

4.加强语篇知识和文化知识学习：考生需要关注语篇结构、语篇类型、语篇功能等方面的知识，同时了解各国文化背景，提高跨文化交际能力。

5.多做真题练习：考生需要多做历年真题，熟悉考试题型，提高应试能力。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语考试大纲一、考试性质全国硕士研究生招生考试英语考试（以下简称考研英语）是为我国高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研机构在专业上择优选拔。

二、考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1. 语法知识：考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，包括：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇：考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组（详见附录1）。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

（二）语言技能1. 阅读：考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所读材料，考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中的具体信息；（3）理解文中的概念性含义；（4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；（5）根据上下文推测生词的词义；（6）理解文章的总体结构以及各段落之间的关系；（7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；（8）区分论点和论据。

2. 写作：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。

写作时，考生应能：（1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；（2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；（3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；（4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。

2024考研英语的大纲2024年考研英语大纲将继续保持稳定，考试内容分为四个部分：英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作和翻译。

以下为详细的大纲要求：一、英语知识运用（30分）1. 词汇：要求考生掌握较丰富的词汇，包括大纲词汇和常用词组，能够熟练运用词汇进行表达和理解。

2. 语法：要求考生掌握基本的英语语法知识，包括句子结构、时态、语态等，能够准确地运用语法进行表达。

3. 句型：要求考生掌握一定的句型结构，如主从句、并列句等，能够灵活运用句型进行表达。

二、阅读理解（60分）1. 阅读速度：要求考生具备快速阅读的能力，能够在规定时间内完成一定量的阅读任务。

2. 阅读理解能力：要求考生能够准确理解文章的主旨、细节和作者观点，具备较强的推理和判断能力。

3. 词汇量：要求考生具备较高的词汇量，能够准确地理解词汇在文章中的含义。

三、写作（30分）1. 写作能力：要求考生能够用英语进行书面表达，内容完整、条理清晰、语言准确。

2. 文体：要求考生掌握不同文体的写作技巧，如叙述、议论、说明等。

3. 字数：要求考生在规定时间内完成一定字数的写作任务。

四、翻译（20分）1. 翻译能力：要求考生具备一定的英汉互译能力，能够准确地翻译文章中的句子和段落。

2. 词汇和语法：要求考生在翻译过程中注意词汇和语法的准确性，确保翻译质量。

3. 风格和意义：要求考生在翻译过程中保持原文的风格和意义，避免翻译失误。

2024年考研英语大纲要求考生具备扎实的英语基础，掌握一定的阅读、写作和翻译技巧。

为了取得理想的成绩，考生需要在平时学习中注重词汇、语法和句型的积累，提高阅读速度和理解能力，同时加强写作和翻译实践，以全面提高自己的英语综合运用能力。

在备考过程中，考生还可以参考历年真题和模拟题进行训练，熟悉考试题型和难度，为自己的考研英语之路打下坚实基础。