名师解读2013年职称英语考试教材文章变化

一、2013、2014年职称英语(理工类)教材变化表二、2014年教材文章变化详情 (一)阅读判断3. A 级变化比较大：(1)增加了2篇(第十一篇bill gates ：unleashing your creativity ，第十四篇stage fright);(2)由2013年的B 级转化为A 级的1篇(第十二篇study helps predict big Mediterranean quake)(二)概括句子大意与完成句子 题型2013、2014年题量B 级 A 级 20132014 2013 2014 词汇选项题量不变，一共10组词汇，每组15道小题 阅读判断2篇 5篇 3篇 5篇 概括大意与完成句子2篇 5篇 3篇 5篇 阅读理解10篇 17篇 10篇 17篇 补全短文2篇 5篇 3篇 5篇 完形填空 2篇 5篇 3篇 5篇1. C级减少5篇(前5篇保留)。

2. 由2013年的C级转化为B级的5篇(第6、7、8、9、10篇)3. 由2013年的B级转化为A级的2篇(第11、12篇)(三)阅读理解3. A级变化比较大：由2013年的B级转化为A级的7篇(第三十四篇～第四十篇)(四)补全短文1.C级新增一篇(第四篇the bilingual brain);减少5篇(第六篇～第十篇)。

2.B级新增一篇(第十篇how deafness makes it easier to hear);由C级转为B级的四篇(第六、七、八、九篇)3.C级新增一篇(第十五篇a memory drug);由B级转为A级两篇(第十一篇、第十二篇)(五)完形填空1.C级减少5篇(保留前5篇)。

2.由C级转为B级5篇(第六、七、八、九篇)。

3.由B级转为A级的两篇(第十一篇、第十二篇)。

注：考试大纲、词汇选项部分均未发生变化第十五篇：A Memory Drug?(A级)It’s difficult to imagine many things that people would welcome more than a memory- enhancing drug. 1 Furthermore, such a drug could help people remember past experiences more clearly and help us acquire new information more easily for school and at work. As scientists learn more about memory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal. 1 __________Some of the most exciting evidence comes from research that has built on earlier finding,, linking LTP2 and memory to identify a gene that improves memory in mice. 2 __________Mice bred to have extra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors, more LTP, and improved performance on several different memory tasks -- learning a spatial layout3, recognizing familiar objects, and recalling a fear-inducing shock.If these basic insights about genes, LTP, and the synaptic basis of memory can be translated to people- and that remains to be seen -- they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments. 3__________ As exciting as this may sound, it also raises troubling issues. Consider the potential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise.How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don't have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school -- and as a result handicapped later in life?4__________ Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory, such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers' names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can't. The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can't forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with an individual's ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience? 5 __________注释：1.As scientists learn more about memory，we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。

2013年职称英语(理工类A & B )考试教材新增文章目录及内容下载汇总第四部分阅读理解（变化了3篇）第六部分完形填空（变化了3篇）具体名称如下：阅读理解：第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience+第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 完型填空：第三篇：Giant Structures第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures+第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach眼光为…服务胃我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口Our senses aren‟t just delivering a strict view of what‟s going on in the world；they‟re 胃运送严格的看世界affected by what‟s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see受到影响的头脑发觉饥饿的food-related words more clearly than people who‟ve just eaten.有关系的单词清晰的刚才吃饭我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。

一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。

Psychologists have known for decades that what‟s going on,inside our head affects our心理学家大家知道的十年间内部头部影响senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry知觉例子贫困的孩子硬币大的饥饿的people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice图片光亮的大学美好的Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right 索菲亚•安提波利斯法国打算调查怎样产生结果, 工作正确的away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain‟s high-level 远处头脑收到信号, 眼睛小的后来脑, 高阶层的thinking processes get involved.思想进程得到卷入的, 陷入的数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。

全国职称英语综合类2013教材阅读理解目录整理及教材变化规律绿色为2012年4月的真题，2013年不列为考试范围，估计将真题更换为其他文章红色为12年新增到未考到文章综合类2012版教材的变化最大，大部分的阅读理解都是新增，估计2013版教材不会有太大变化，可能新增6篇文章2012版的教材变化有一个特点，那就是将一部分C级文章改为B级文章，一部分B级文章改为A级文章，大纲要求考C只需看C要求的文章，考B级要看B 和C的文章，考A级要看ABC的文章。

第一篇Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事（2012教材新增文章）第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课外学习带来很大不同第三篇Milosevic's Death米洛舍维奇之死第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福第五篇Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens中日敌意减少第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴者第八篇The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级(2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色第十篇 A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信（2012教材新增文章）第十一篇The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展（2012教材新增文章）第十二篇Smuggling走私第十三篇The Barbie Dolls芭比娃娃第十四篇Sleep睡眠第十五篇Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机第十六篇：The Sahara撒哈拉沙漠（2012教材新增文章）第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔（2012教材新增文章）第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标（2012教材新增文章）第十九篇：The Family家庭（2012教材新增文章）第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去（2012教材新增文章）第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals动物的空间距离（2012教材新增文章）第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language我们知道的关于语言的一些事情（2012教材新增文章）第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up只好向上第二十四篇：Clone Farm克隆农场第二十五篇：Income收入第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界（2012教材新增文章）第二十七篇：Importance of Services服务业的重要性第二十八篇：The National Park Service国家公园的服务机构第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan-Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活（2012教材新增文章）第三十一篇Pool Watch泳池监护第三十二篇The Cherokee Nation柴罗基部落第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人（2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡（2012教材新增文章）第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路（2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事（2012教材新增文章）第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐（2012教材新增文章）第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子（2012教材新增文章）第三十九篇：Eat to Live为了活着吃饭（2012教材新增文章）第四十篇：New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策第四十一篇The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营第四十二篇Sauna桑拿浴第四十三篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？第四十四篇Americans Get Touchy越来越爱肢体接触的美国人第四十五篇Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长第四十六篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed捍卫进化论仍必要第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生（2012教材新增文章）第四十八篇Finding Enlightenment in Scotland苏格兰启蒙运动第四十九篇The Beginning of American Literature美洲文学的开端第五十篇Older V olcanic Eruptions远古火山喷发。

从~职称英语考试变化趋势看备考从2013~2015年职称英语考试变化趋势看2016年备考2016年职称英语考试报名即将开始，各位老师也对历年考试进行了分析，并对2013到2015年的考试真题进行了纵向比较，找出职称英语考试变化的脉络，帮助大家更好地备战2016年职称英语考试。

众所周知，2013年开始，职称英语考试持续了十几年的“传统”开始出现了变革的先兆。

2013年考试总体上来说，跟之前十几年的考试没有多大的不同，仍然是在教材选一篇阅读理解原文和一篇完形填空，因为很多培训机构找准这样的出题原则，基本上都能押中考题。

可以说考生只要轻轻一努力就能通过考试。

但是2013年的考试出现了一个新的变化，就是新增文章不再“受宠”。

之前的考试大部分会在新增文章里面出题，2013年新增文章的考查明显减少了。

这是为了让考试能够真正考查出大家的能力，职称英语开始出现变革的需求。

随着变革需求的加大，2014年是职称英语考试出现巨变的一年，也是难度最大的一年，因为考试不再出原题，哪些把希望寄托在押题身上的考生，这一年遭受重创。

2014职称英语考试，看似是一次大地震，推翻了职称英语十多年的考试模式与考试规律。

但是透过现象看本质，这只是换了一件崭新的衣服，考点还是一样的考点，技巧还是一样的技巧。

没有“原文原题型”，并不是没有来自教材“原文”，它来自原文是将教材补全短文的文章放到了完形填空来考;教材中的完型填空转换到了阅读理解题;教材中的概括大意与完成句子题放到了阅读理解来考;教材中的`阅读理解转成了完型填空!这就好像是将教材中的所有文章放到了一个大转盘上，抽中了它在考试中是什么题型就是什么题型!对于掌握了职称英语解题能力的考生来说，根本没有影响。

而只靠押题和蒙题技巧的考生来说，整个人都不好了。

而刚刚结束的2015年考试，延续2014年的考试变化方式，题型打乱，跨级别考查。

比如：综合A类阅读判断IsThereaWaytoKeeptheBritain’sEconomyGrowing?【有促进英国经济增长的办法吗?】【出自综合教材概括大意与完成句子文章第十一篇】。

2013年职称英语（卫生类A级）新增阅读理解和完形填空中英文对照及解析阅读理解A级第三十九篇Sauna参考译文第三十九篇桑拿浴Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath，or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and' pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。

芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。

它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干热浴。

日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。

用干热浴发汗的方式是古罗马优先使用的，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用发汗小屋。

The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “ savusauna”，is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。

2013年职称英语新增文章译文及解析阅读理解（卫生类）阅读理解（3篇）第十六篇：Eat to Live第二十九篇：“Don't Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning第三十九篇：Sauna完形填空（3篇）第二篇：A Biological Clock第九篇：The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints第十四篇：Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores第十六篇Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it‟s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don‟t start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse‟s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won‟t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler‟s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old — equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There‟s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn‟t sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they liv e longer, but they‟re hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, it‟s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: …I can only eat half of that,. ”Spindler hopes we soon won‟t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.词汇：meager adj.不足的youthful adj.有青春活力的vigor n.精力，活力metabolize vt. 使（一种物质）进入新陈代谢过程genetic adj.基因的rejuvenation n.恢复活力，返老还童注释：1. hang on to ：继续保留。

1.The Value of Time时间的价值1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于employer n. 雇主，老板employee n. 雇员，从业人员employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣Employment rate 就业率，雇用率2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的Neither… nor… 两者都不Both… and… 两者都3.fetch 取来，接来，到达4.add to增添，添加，加强5.so as to 以便，以致6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰10. be equivalent to…11. be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing.例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。

2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容：阅读判断第十二篇第十二篇 Starting a New TraditionShantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of com for Shantelle and her two brothers.“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,”Shantelle says. “That's the most important thing for a family. ”Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. It's a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places， and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents： being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal， creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people don't believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday， because it's so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in people's lives.Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because it's fun. “But I also learn new things every year," she says.词汇：ancestor n.祖宗，祖先be decorated with 由……所装饰honor vt. 尊敬,使荣幸; n.荣誉,尊敬ears of com玉米穗candleholder n.烛台注释：1. It's a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.这段时间里他们和家人待在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。

名师解读2013年职称英语考试教材文章变化2013年全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试时间为2013年3月30日，其中包括一个元旦假期和一个春节长假，对于考生来说时间已经非常紧迫了。

123职称英语网名师张娇老师说时间紧任务重，对于2013年职称英语考生来说又是一次重大考验，因为纵观新教材，与2012年相比，阅读理解和完型填空文章做了少量的更新，阅读判断和概括大意与完成句子两个题型有较少量变化，词汇选项和补全短文题型文章未做更新。

一、新教材内容变化内容及数量【职称英语三个类别（综合类、理工类、卫生类）】1．职称英语三个类别中的词汇选项、补全短文这两个题型的文章篇目均未作任何改变，与2012年职称英语教材文章一致；2 职称英语三个类别中的阅读理解题型文章均有变化：1) 综合类更新了2篇文章，仅是C类新增2篇文章（与2012年相比）；2)理工类和卫生类均更新3篇文章：①理工类C级更新2篇，理工类A级更新1篇，理工类B级无更新；②卫生类每个级别更新1篇（与2012年相比）；3）综合类：C级2012年已考文章均未删减；理工类：B级和A级2012年已考文章均未删减；卫生类：A、B、C三个级别2012年已考文章均未删减；3．职称英语三个类别中的完型填空文章变化情况：①综合类：无更新（但2012年已考文章均未删减）②理工类：更新3篇（C级2篇，A级1篇）③卫生类：更新3篇文章，每个级别各更新1篇文章。

（但B级和A级里2012年已考文章均未删减）⒋职称英语三个类别中的阅读判断题型文章变化：①综合类：C级和B级均各更新一篇；②理工类和卫生类：均未更新；5、职称英语三个类别中的概括大意与完成句子文章变化：①综合类：仅C级更新一篇；②理工类和卫生类：均未更新；二、 2013年职称英语国家指定教材较2012年职称英语教材变化主要体现在以下4个方面：1.2013年职称英语教材较2012年教材中的文章的选材更贴近生活，同时文章内容也涉及社会热点问题。

2013年全国英语学科新课标版《考试大纲》、《考试说明》解读及复习建议[五篇材料]第一篇：2013年全国英语学科新课标版《考试大纲》、《考试说明》解读及复习建议安徽省2013年高考英语新课标版《考试大纲》、《考试说明》解读及复习建议一、《考试大纲》2013年全国新课标版《考试大纲》英语学科与2012年的《考试大纲》相比，在考试内容和要求、时间、分值、题型题量等方面都没有发生变化。

词汇量要求仍为3500左右(各省、自治区或直辖市可以根据本地实际情况在考试说明中对词汇量进行适当调整，但是不得低于2500个单词；同时，应该制定计划，在一定时间内分期、分批增加至3500个单词)。

基于考生的实际情况，《考纲说明》将《考试大纲》附录词汇表单词量压缩到了3000个左右，作为高考命题的词汇范围，并为命题需要增加了个别带星号的、仅要求考生知道其意思的单词。

《考试大纲》中对考生的语言运用能力(听力，阅读理解，写作)考查标准无变化。

试卷形式、结构以及参考试卷等均无变化，说明2013年全国课标版试卷的命制将在总体上和思路上与2012年高考试卷保持一致。

2013年高考英语考试的题型仍包括听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作四大类型，分别考查考生对英语基础知识的掌握和运用情况及英语听、读、写几方面的能力。

二、《考试说明》——“命题词汇范围增加100个”变化解读1、英语科目最新的变化体现在对词汇量的要求上。

2012年考试说明显示，高考命题词汇范围在3000个左右，今年则提升到3100个左右，并在附录词汇表中增加了50个新词。

仔细研究这些词汇，我们会发现这些新增词汇生活气息很浓，实用性很强，比如说awesome这个词在口语中就可以表示“太棒了，了不起”的意思，再比如aggressive这个词现在常用来形容一个人有进取心，有冲劲，buffet自助餐，corrupt 腐败的，radiation辐射等这些新增词反映了今年高考对考生语言运用能力和表达能力提出了新的要求。