医学英语内科学词汇

1. 呼吸系统

鼻 nose

鼻腔 nasal cavity

鼻旁窦 paranasal sinus

喉 larynx

主支气管bronchi

肺 lung

胸膜 pleura

胸廓chest cast

纵隔 mediastinum

气管trachea

环状软骨 cricoid cartilage

甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage

严重急性呼吸器官综合症Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS

急性上呼吸道感染acute upper respiratory tract infection

普通感冒common cold

流行性感冒 influenza

慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis

慢性喘息性支气管炎chronic asthmatic bronchitis

代偿性肺气肿 compensatory emphysema

慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD

阻塞性肺气肿obstructive pulmonary emphysema

气肿型pink puffer

紫肿型blue bloater

肺大疱 pulmonary bullae

大疱性肺气肿 bullous emphysema

慢性肺源型心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease

肺性脑病 pulmonary encephalopathy

纵隔气肿mediastinal emphysema

戒烟 smoking cessation

过敏性肉芽肿 allergic granulmatosis

速尿furosemide

肺动脉栓塞 pulmonary embolism

肺栓塞pulmonale embolism

支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma

气道高反应性airway hyperresponsiveness

运动性哮喘 exercise-induced asthma

气道重塑 airway remodeling

咳嗽变异性哮喘 cough variant asthma

支气管激发试验 bronchial provocation test

沙丁胺醇 salbutamol

特布他林 terbutaline 沙美特罗 salmeterol

布地奈德 budesonide

哮喘持续状态 status asthmaticus

全球性哮喘防治建议

Global Initiative for Asthma， GINA

支气管扩张症 bronchiectasis

巨大气管—支气管tracheobronchomegaly

异物foreign body

肺容积 basal lung volume

基础肺容量 basal lung capacity

潮气容积tidal volume, TV

补呼吸容积 expiratory reserve volume,ERV

深吸气量 inspiratory capacity,IC

肺活量 vital capacity,VC

功能残气量 functional residual capacity

肺总量total lung capacity,TLC

残气容积 residual volume,RV

每分钟静息通气量 minute ventilation,MV

最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV

用力肺活量 forced vital capacity,FVC

第1秒用力呼气量forced expiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1

最大呼气中段流量 maximal mid-expiratory flow curve,MMEF

肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation

生理无效腔 dead space ventilation

最大呼气中段时间maximal mid-expiratory time

最大呼气流量 peak expiratory flow,PEF

通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio

弥散量 diffusing capacity

闭合容积 closing volume

最大呼气流量-容积曲线 maximum expiratory flow-volume curve,MEFV

静态肺顺应性static lung compliance

动态肺顺应性dynamic lung compliance

实际碳酸氢actual bicarbonate，AB

标准碳酸氢standard bicarbonate,SB

缓冲碱 buffer bases

剩余碱 bases excess

血浆CO2含量 total plasma CO2 content

CO2结合力carbon dioxide combining power, CO2-CP

阴离子间隙anion gap,AG

高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnic alkalosis

支气管灌洗 bronchial lavage（BL）

支气管肺泡灌洗 bronchial-alveolar lavage（BAL）

呼吸衰竭respiratory failure

氧气 oxygen

低氧血症hypoxemia

高碳酸血症 hypercapnia

高通气综合征 hyperventilation syndrome

急性低氧性呼吸衰竭 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

肺泡低通气综合征 alveolar hypoventilation syndrome

急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome ，ARDS

急性肺损伤acute lung injury ，ALI

限制性通气不足 restrictive hypoventilation

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome，OSA

肺动脉高压 pulmonary arterial hypertension

呼气延长 expiratory retard

气管内插管术endotracheal intubation

tracheal cannula（套管、插管）

tracheal intubation

撤离机械通气 wean from machine ventilation

允许性高碳酸血症 permissive hypercapnia

保护性肺通气策略 lung protective ventilation strategy

无创正压通气 non-invasive positive pressure ventilation，NIPPV

双气道正压 biphasic positive airway pressure，Bi-PAP

控制通气contral mechanical ventilation，CMV

辅助通气 assist mechanical ventilation，AMV

同步、间歇强制通气 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation，SIMV

呼气末正压positive end expiratory pressure，PEEP

反比通气 inverse ratio ventilation，IRV

肺炎pneumonia

吸入性肺炎inhalation pneumonia

大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia

小叶性肺炎 lobular pneumonia

社区获得性肺炎 community acquired pneumonia ，CAP

医院获得性肺炎 hospital acquried pneumonia ，HAP

呼吸机相关性肺炎 ventilator associated pneumonia ，VAP

肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia

肺炎链球菌肺炎 streptococcus pneumonia

葡萄球菌肺炎staphylococcus pneumonia

克雷白杆菌肺炎 Klebsiellar pneumonia

军团菌肺炎Legionella pneumonia

支原体肺炎mycoplasmal pneumonia

衣原体肺炎 chlamydia pneumonia

念珠菌病candidiasis

肺脓肿lung abscess

肺曲菌病pulmonary aspergillosis

变应性支气管肺曲病 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

厌氧菌anaerobe

胸膜粘连 pleural adhesion

胸膜增厚 pleural thickening

正电子发射体层成像 positron emission tomography，PET

脓胸 pyothorax， empyema

艾滋病 acquired immune deficiency syndrome ，AIDS

肺结核 pulmonary tuberculosis

咯血hemoptysis

原发型肺结核 primary tuberculosis

原发综合征primary complex

血行播散型肺结核 hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis

慢性血行播散型肺结核 chronic disseminated tuberculosis

浸润型肺结核 infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis

慢性纤维空洞型肺结核chronic fibro-cavitative pulmonary tuberculosis

急性粟粒性肺结核acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis

干酪样坏死 caseous necrosis

结素的纯蛋白衍生物

Purified Protein Derivative ，PPD

旧结素old tuberculin OT

异烟肼isoniazid

利福平rifampin

链霉素streptomycin

吡嗪酰胺 pyrazinamide

对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicylate

间质性肺疾病interstitial lung disease ILD

特发性肺纤维化idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF

肺泡蛋白质沉积症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis PAP

特发性肺含铁血黄素沉积症idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis