语言与文化(Language and Culture)
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Language and Culture
I firmly believe that language and culture are familiar with everyone
on earth. Nevertheless, I don’t think everyone is clear about the real
meaning of language and culture. On this basis, this essay will explain
some basic information about language and culture, including what is
language, what is culture and the relationship between language and
culture. What’s more, quite a number of examples will be cited to help
you have a better understanding of language and culture.
Let’s begin with the concept of language. When we put a key word
“language” into the online Wikipedia(维基百科), which is a free
encyclopedia to people all over the world, we find that language is
defined as the human capacity for acquiring and using complex system of
communications , and a language is any specific example of such a
system. From this definition, we have a clear consciousness towards
language. When we look into the Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary,
Language is divided into several meanings as follow:1. use of words in
an agreed way as a method of human communications 2. system of words
of a particular community or country etc. 3. faculty of speech 4. system of
symbols and rules for writing computer programs 5. any method of
communication.6. professional or specialized vocabulary. Besides, I have
also learned the definition of language from my linguistics class. In the
book A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English(新编简明英语语言学教程). Langue is thought to be a system of arbitrary
vocal symbol used for human communication. Short as it is, this
definition has captured the main features of language. First of all,
language is a system, that is, elements of language are combined
according to rules. Second, language is arbitrary in the sense that theme is
no intrinsic connection between a linguistic symbol and what the symbol
stands for. This conventional nature of language is well illustrated by a
famous quotation: A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. This
quotation means rose is still rose even it is called by another name.
For my part, the definition of language is varied. Generally
speaking, it is a series code that facilitates human communication. And
beyond a specific context, language has no intrinsic meaning.
After finishing talking about what is language, let’s know more
about culture. Similarly, in the Wikipedia, culture is defined as fallowing
meanings, Firstly, culture is deemed as a modern concept based on a term
first used in classical antiquity by the roman orator Cicero: Cultura animi
( cultiration of the soul). Secondly, the term “culture” in American
anthropology had two meanings: the evolved human capacity to classify
and represent experiences with symbol, and to act imaginatively and
creatively. Thirdly, Hoebel describes culture as an integrated system of
learned behavior patterns and which are not a result of biological
inheritance. Besides, we learn the meaning of culture from the Intercultural Communication course. Culture is defined as the group of
people who share the same ancestry. There are also many renowned
socialists give culture several definitions. For example, E.sapir once said
that culture may be defined as what a societu does and thinks.
Shortly, culture is involved in so many aspects that it is hard to give
it an accurate definition. Put in another way, for different people, culture
has very different meaning, according to their own value, education
background, social status and so forth. So there is nothing to criticize
when other’s understanding of culture is different from yours.
Having known so much basic information about language and
culture, we will have look at the relationship between language and
culture. In the book Intercultural communication in English(新编跨文化交际英语), there is a description of the relationship between language
and culture. It goes like this: culture and language are intertwined and
shape each other. Language is not a matter of neutral codes and
grammatical rules. Each time we select words form sentences, and send a
message, either oral or written. We also make cultural choices. We all
agree that language helps in communication with people from different
backgrounds. However, we may be less aware that cultural literary is
necessary to understand the language being used. Personally speaking,
language and culture is not two totally different subjects with no
relevance. On the contrary, they are tightly related. That is to say, only