2016年硕士研究生考试专业学位综合能力真题及答案word版

2016年江西师范大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题1．教育目的正确答案：教育目的即指教育要达到的预期结果，反映为教育在人的培养规格标准、努力方向和社会倾向性等方面的要求。

狭义的教育目的特指一定社会(国家或地区)为所属各级各类教育人才培养所确立的总体要求；广义的教育目的是指对教育活动具有指向作用的目的领域，含有不同层次预期实现的目标系列。

它不仅标志着一定社会(国家或地区)对教育培养人的要求，也标示着教育活动的方向和目标，是教育活动的出发点和归宿。

2．认知发展阶段正确答案：认知发展阶段是著名教育心理学家皮亚杰提出的一个概念。

他将儿童和青少年的认知发展划分为四个阶段：感知运动阶段、前运算阶段、具体运算阶段和形式运算阶段。

他认为所有的儿童都会依次经历这四个阶段，新的心智能力的出现是每个新阶段到来的标志，而这些新的心智能力使得人们能够以更为复杂的方式来理解世界；虽然不同的儿童以不同的发展速度经历这几个阶段，但是都不可能跳过某一个发展阶段。

3．动作技能正确答案：动作技能指通过练习巩固下来的、自动化的、完善的动作活动方式。

动作技能的理解与形成过程是通过领悟和练习逐步掌握某种动作操作程序的过程。

复杂运动技能的形成，一般要经历认知阶段、分解阶段、联系定位阶段、自动化阶段等四个主要阶段。

4．班级授课制正确答案：班级授课制是一种集体教学形式。

它把一定数量的学生按年龄与已有知识水平编成固定的班级，根据周课表和作息时间表，安排教师有计划地向全班学生集体上课。

在班级授课制中，同一个班的每个学生的学习内容与进度必须一致，且开设的各门课程，特别是在高年级，通常由具有不同专业知识的教师分别担任。

其注重集体化、同步化、标准化，长于向学生集体教学，但拙于照顾学生的个别差异、对学生进行个别指导，不利于培养学生的兴趣、特长和发展他们的个性。

5．教育行动研究正确答案：教育行动研究是在实际情景中，由实际工作者和专家共同合作，针对实际问题提出改进计划，通过在实践中实施、验证、修正而得到研究结果的一种研究方法。

2016年经济类专业学位考试《综合能力》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、逻辑推理1.巴西赤道雨林的面积每年以惊人的比例减少，引起了全球的关注。

但是，卫星照片的数据显示，去年巴西雨林面积的缩小比例明显低于往年。

去年，巴西政府支出数百万用以制止滥砍滥伐和防止森林火灾。

巴西政府宣称，上述卫星照片的数据说明巴西政府保护赤道雨林的努力取得了显著成效。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱巴西政府的言论?（分数：2.00）A.去年巴西用以保护赤道雨林的财政投入明显低于往年。

B.与巴西毗邻的阿根廷国的赤道雨林的面积并未缩小。

C.去年巴西的旱季出现了异乎寻常的大面积持续降雨。

√D.巴西用于雨林保护的费用只占年度财政支出的很小比例。

E.森林面积的萎缩是全球性的环保问题。

【解析】题干由去年巴西雨林面积的缩小比例明显低于往年，推出巴西政府保护赤道雨林的努力取得了显著成效。

C项为真说明巴西热带雨林面积缩小比例减少的原因是持续降雨，属于另有他因，削弱了题干推理。

故答案选C。

2.科学家研究发现，超过1 000个小行星经常穿越地球轨道。

即使小行星撞击地球的概率几乎可以忽略不计，但由于撞击将带来灾难性的后果，应尽可能降低撞击概率。

避免撞击的办法是使用核武器摧毁小行星，因此将核武器储存在空间站以备不时之需是有必要的。

科学家的推断会导致如下哪个推论?（分数：2.00）A.核武器是目前人类可知的唯一阻止小行星撞地球的方法。

B.空间站应当部署核武器。

√C.小行星撞击地球的事件尚未发生。

D.小行星撞击地球的概率极低。

E.为了防止小行星撞击地球，没有理由拒绝使用核武器。

【解析】题干中科学家的推断是将核武器储存在空间站以备不时之需是有必要的。

由此出发，会导致的推论必然涉及空间站与核武器之间的关系，选项中只有B项符合。

A、E两项过于绝对，C、D两项均为题干内容的复述，而非推论。

故答案选B。

3.要使中国足球队真正能跻身世界强队，至少必须解决两个关键问题：一是提高队员基本体能，二是讲究科学训练。

2016考研真题及答案解析全程报道2016考研试卷及答案公布（点击进入考研真题解析专题），新东方网考研频道时刻关注2016考研初试情况，第一时间为考生提供考研真题答案及答案解析内容，同时新东方考研名师将在考后为考生提供在线答案解析直播。

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一、A型题：1～90小题，每小题i.s分;gl~120小题，每小题2分;共1 95分。

在每给出的A, B, C,D 四个选项中，请选出一项最符合题目要求的。

1.下列关于机体内环境稳态的描述，错误的是DA.稳态是一种动态平衡B.稳态的维持是机体自我调节的结果c.稳态调节中都有一个调节点D.稳态是指细胞内液理化性质基本恒定2.在引起和维持细胞内外Na+、K+不对等分布中起重要作用的膜蛋白是BA.载体B.离子泵c.膜受体D.通道3.神经细胞的静息电位为一70mV, Na+平衡电位为+60mV, Na+的电化学驱动力则为AA. -130mVB. -10mVC. +lOmVD. +130mV4.风湿热时，红细胞沉降率加快的原因是CA.红细胞表面积/体积比增大B.血浆白蛋白、卵磷脂含量增高C.血浆纤维蛋白原、球蛋白含量增高D.红细胞本身发生病变5.阿司匹林通过减少TXA2合成而抗血小板聚集的作用环节是AA. 抑制COXB.抑制TXA-,合成酶C.抑制PGI7合成酶D.抑制PLA26.心室肌细胞在相对不应期和超常期内产生动作电位的特点是BA.0期去极化速度快B.动作电位时程短C.兴奋传导速度快D.O期去极化幅度大7。

在微循环中，进行物质交换的血液不流经的血管是BA.后微动脉B.通血毛细血管C.微静脉D.微动脉8.下列呼吸系统疾病中，主要表现为呼气困难的是AA.肺气肿B.肺水肿C.肺纤维化D.肺炎9.下列关于CO影响血氧运输的叙述，错谈的是AA. CO中毒时血02分压下降B. CO妨碍02与Hb的结合C. CO妨碍02与Hb的解离D.cO中毒时血02含量下降10.下列关于颈动脉体化学感受器的描述，错误的是DA.其流入流出血液中的Pa02差接近零，通常处于动脉血环境中B. Pa02降低、PaC02和H+浓度升高对其刺激有协同作用c.感受器细胞上存在对02,、C02、H+敏感的不同受体D.血供非常丰富，单位时间内血流量为全身之冠11.胃和小肠蠕动频率的决定性因素是DA. 胃肠平滑肌动作电位频率B.胃肠平滑肌本身节律活动C. 胃肠肌问神经丛活动水平D.胃肠平滑肌慢波节律12.在胃黏膜壁细胞完全缺乏时，病人不会出现的表现是CA.维生素B12吸收障碍B.肠道内细菌加速生长C.胰腺分泌HC03-减少D.食物蛋白质消化不良13.促进胰腺分泌消化酶最主要的胃肠激素是CA.胰多肽B.促胰液素C.缩胆囊素D.胃泌素14.人体发热初期出现畏寒、寒战的原因是BA.散热过程受阻B.体温调定点上调C.体温调节中枢功能异常D.产热过程过强15.利用肾清除率概念测定GFR，被清除物除能被肾小球滤过外，尚需满足的条件是CA.不被肾小管重吸收，但可被分泌B.可被肾小管重吸收，但不可被分泌C.不被肾小管重吸收和分泌D.可被肾小管重吸收和分泌16.肾小管重吸收Na+与水的量与肾小球滤过率成定比关系的部位是DA.髓袢细段B.髓袢升支粗段C.远曲小管D.近端小管17.机体安静情况下，对醛固酮分泌调节不起作用的因素是CA.高血Na+B.血管紧张素IIC.促肾上腺皮质激素D.高血K+18.视网膜中央凹处视敏度极高的原因是DA.感光细胞直径小，感光系统聚合联系B. 感光细胞直径大，感光系统单线联系C.感光细胞直径大，感光系统聚合联系D.感光细胞直径小，感光系统单线联系19.在突触传递中，与神经末梢释放递质的数量呈正相关的因素是DA.末梢内囊泡的大小B.囊泡内递质的含量C.活化区面积的大小D.进入末梢的Ca2+量20.在周围神经系统中，属于胆碱能纤维的是CA.所有副交感节后纤维B.所有支配血管的交感节后纤维C.所有自主神经节前纤维D.所有支配汗腺的交感节后纤维21.下列激素中，能使机体的能量来源由糖代谢向脂肪代谢转移的是CA.胰岛素B.皮质醇C.生长激素D.甲状腺激素22.口服葡萄糖比静脉注射等量葡萄糖引起更多的胰岛素分泌，其原因是BA.小肠吸收葡萄糖非常完全。

2016考研管综真题及详细答案一、问题求解（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共45分）下列每题给出5个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、某家庭在一年支出中，子女教育支出与生活资料支出的比为3:8，文化娱乐支出与子女教育支出比为1:2。

已知文化娱乐支出占家庭总支出的10.5%，则生活资料支出占家庭总支出的（ ）（A ）40% （B ）42% （C ）48% （D ）56% （E ）64%【答案】D【解析】由题知，子女教育支出：生活资料支出：文化娱乐支出=6:16:3，则生活资料支出占家庭总支出的%56163%5.10=⨯÷2、有一批同规格的正方形瓷砖，用他们铺满整个正方形区域时剩余180块，将此正方形区域的边长增加一块瓷砖的长度时，还需要增加21块瓷砖才能铺满，该批瓷砖共有（ ）（A ）9981块 （B ）10000 块 （C ）10180块 （D ）10201块 （E ）10222块【答案】C【解析】假设正方形瓷砖为11⨯的，共有N 块瓷砖，正方形区域的长度为a ，则有 ()()()10180121118012222=⇒⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+=+⨯=-⨯N a N a N 3、上午9时一辆货车从甲地出发前往乙地，同时一辆客车从乙地出发前往甲地，中午12时两车相遇，货、客车的速度分别是90千米/小时、100千米/小时。

则当客车到达甲地时，货车距乙地的距离是（ ）（A ）30千米 （B ）43千米 （C ）45千米 （D ）50千米 （E ）57千米【答案】E【解析】由题知，甲乙两地之间的距离为()570310090=⨯+ 因此当客车到达甲地时货车距乙地的距离是5790100570570=⨯-千米4、在分别标记了数字1、2、3、4、5、6的6张卡片中随机取3张，其中数字之和等于10的概率（ ）（A ）0.05 （B ）0.1 （C ） 0.15 （D ）0.2 （E ）0.25【答案】C【解析】古典概型，样本空间种类数为2036=C 种；事件A “数字之和等于10”有：1+3+6,1+4+5,2+3+5三种 因此所求概率为15.0203= 5、某商场将每台进价为2000元的冰箱以2400元销售时，每天销售8台，调研表明这种冰箱的售价每降低50元，每天就能多销售4台。

2016年硕士研究生入学统一考试专业学位英语二Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A., B, C. or D. on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points) Happy people work differently. They ‟re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper 2 2 , , , firms firms firms in in in happy happy happy places places places spend spend spend more more more on on on R&D R&D R&D (research (research (research and and and development development development ). ). ). That That That‟‟s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future. The The researchers researchers researchers wanted wanted wanted to to to know know know if if if the the the 4 4 4 and and and inclination inclination inclination for for for risk-taking risk-taking risk-taking that that that come come come with with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities ‟ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 7 7 enough, enough, enough, firms firms firms‟‟investment investment and and and R&D R&D R&D intensity intensity intensity were were were correlated correlated correlated with with with the the the happiness happiness happiness of of of the the area area in in in which which which they they they were were were 8 . 8 . But But is is is it it it really really really happiness happiness happiness that that that‟‟s s linked linked linked to to to investment, investment, investment, or or or could could something something else else else about about about happier happier happier cities cities cities 9 9 9 why why why firms firms firms there there there spend spend spend more more more on on on R&D? R&D? R&D? To To To find find find out, out, out, the the researchers researchers controlled controlled controlled for for for various various various 10 10 10 that that that might might might make make make firms firms firms more more more likely likely likely to to to invest invest invest ––like like size, size, industry, industry, and and and sales sales sales ––and and for for for indicators indicators indicators that that that a a a place place place was was was 11 11 11 to to to live live live in, in, in, like like like growth growth growth in in in wages wages wages or or population. population. The The The link link link between between between happiness happiness happiness and and and investment. investment. investment. Generally Generally 12 even even after after after accounting accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which which the the the authors authors authors 13 13 13 to to to “less “less “less codified codified codified decision decision decision making making making process”process”and and the the the possible possible possible presence presence presence of of “younger “younger and and and less less 14 14 managers managers managers who who who are are are more more more likely likely likely to to to be be be influenced influenced influenced by by by sentiment.” sentiment.” sentiment.” The The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more more in in in places places places where where where most most most people people people are are are relatively relatively relatively happy, happy, happy, rather rather rather than than than in in in places places places with with with happiness happiness inequality. 17 this doesn ‟t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It ‟s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment sentiment would would would help help help 19 19 19 how how how executives executives executives think think think about about about the the the future. future. future. “It “It “It surely surely surely seems seems seems plausible plausible plausible that that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. 1 A. why B. where C. how D. when 2 A. In return B. In particular C. In contrast D. In conclusion 3 A. sufficient B. famous C. perfect D. necessary 4 A. individuation B. modernism C. optimism D. realism 5 A. echo B. miss C. spoil D. change 6 A. imagined B. measured C. invented D. assumed 7 A. SureB. OddC. UnfortunateD. Often8 A. advertisedB. dividedC. overtaxedD. headquartered9 A. explain B. overstateC. summarizeD. emphasize10 A. stages B. factors C. levels D. methods 11 A. desirable B. sociable C. reputable D. reliable 12 A. resumed B. held C. emerged D. broke 13 A. attribute B. assign C. transfer D. compare 14 A. serious B. civilized C. ambitious D. experienced 15 A. thus B. instead C. also D. never 16 A. rapidly B. regularly C. directly D. equally 17 A. After B. Until C. While D. Since 18 A. arrives B. jumps C. hints D. strikes 19 A. shapeB. rediscoverC. simplifyD. share 20 A. pray for B. lean towards C. give awayD. send out【参考答案】1. C. how 2. B. In particular 3. D. necessary 4. C. optimism 5. D. change 6. B. measured 7. A. Sure 8. D. headquartered 9. A. explain 10. B. factors 11. A. desirable 12. C. emerged 13. A. attribute 14. D. experienced 15. A. thus 16. D. equally 17. C. While 18. C. hints 19. A. shape 20. B. lean towards Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Direction: Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 It It‟‟s s true true true that that that high-school high-school high-school coding coding coding classes classes classes aren aren aren‟‟t t essential essential essential for for for learning learning learning computer computer computer science science science in in college. college. Students Students Students without without without experience experience experience can can can catch catch catch up up up after after after a a a few few few introductory introductory introductory courses, courses, courses, said said said Tom Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon ‟s School of Computer Science. However, However, Cortina Cortina Cortina said, said, said, early early early exposure exposure exposure is is is beneficial. beneficial. beneficial. When When When younger younger younger kids kids kids learn learn learn computer computer science, they learn that it ‟s s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers – but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It ‟s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said. Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away. The The Flatiron Flatiron Flatiron School, School, School, where where where people people people pay pay pay to to to learn learn learn programming, programming, programming, started started started as as as one one one of of of the the the many many coding boot camps that that‟‟s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers high-schoolers get get get the the the same same same curriculum, curriculum, curriculum, but but “we we try try try to to to gear gear gear lessons lessons lessons toward toward toward things things things they they they‟‟re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. The students in the Flatiron class probably won‟t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails ” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn – how how to to to think think think logically logically logically through through through a a a problem problem problem and and and organize organize organize the the the results results – apply apply to to to any any any coding coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina. Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes –for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want –the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that –the better. 21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______ A. complete future job training B. remold the way of thinking C. formulate logical hypotheses D. perfect artwork production 【答案】B 22. In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________ A. experience B. interest C. career prospects D. academic backgrounds 【答案】B 23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________ A. help students learn other computer languages B .have to be upgraded when new technologies come C .need improving when students look for jobs D. enable students to make big quick money 【答案】A 24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______ A. bring forth innovative computer technologies B. stay longer in the information technology industry C. become better prepared for the digitalized world D. compete with a future army of programmers 【答案】C 25. The word “coax ”(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________ A. persuade B. Frighten C. Misguide D. challenge 【答案】A Text 2 Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands —once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species …historic range. The The crash crash crash was was was a a a major major major reason reason reason the the the U.S. U.S. U.S. Fish Fish Fish and and and Wildlife Wildlife Wildlife Service Service Service (USFWS) (USFWS) (USFWS) decided decided decided to to formally list the bird as threatened. “ The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ,” said USFWS USFWS Director Director Director Daniel Daniel Daniel Ashe. Ashe. Ashe. Some Some Some environmentalists, environmentalists, environmentalists, however, however, however, were were were disappointed. disappointed. disappointed. They They They had had pushed pushed the the the agency agency agency to to to designate designate designate the the the bird bird bird as as as ““endangered,endangered,”” a a status status status that that that gives gives gives federal federal federal officials officials greater greater regulatory regulatory regulatory power power power to to to crack crack crack down down down on on on threats threats threats .But .But .But Ashe Ashe Ashe and and and others others others argued argued argued that that that the the the”” threatened threatened”” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations collaborations with with with western western western state state state governments, governments, governments, which which which are are are often often often uneasy uneasy uneasy with with with federal federal federal action. action. action. and and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken ‟s habitat. Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that that unintentionally unintentionally unintentionally kill, kill, kill, harm, harm, harm, or or or disturb disturb disturb the the the bird, bird, bird, as as as long long long as as as they they they had had had signed signed signed a a a range range —wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used used to to to compensate compensate compensate landowners landowners landowners who who who set set set aside aside aside habitat habitat habitat , , , USFWS USFWS USFWS also also also set set set an an an interim interim interim goal goal goal of of restoring restoring prairie prairie prairie chicken chicken chicken populations populations populations to to to an an an annual annual annual average average average of of of 67,000 67,000 67,000 birds birds birds over over over the the the next next next 10 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (W AFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states ” remain in the driver driver‟‟s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said. Not Not everyone everyone everyone buys buys buys the the the win-win win-win win-win rhetoric. rhetoric. rhetoric. Some Some Some Congress Congress Congress members members members are are are trying trying trying to to to block block block the the plan, plan, and and and at at at least least least a a a dozen dozen dozen industry industry industry groups, groups, groups, four four four states, states, states, and and and three three three environmental environmental environmental groups groups groups are are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn ‟t go far enough. “The federal government is is giving giving giving responsibility responsibility responsibility for for for managing managing managing the the the bird bird bird to to to the the the same same same industries industries industries that that that are are are pushing pushing pushing it it it to to extinction, ” says biologist Jay Lininger. 26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____. A. its drastically decreased population B. the underestimate of the grassland acreage C. a desperate appeal from some biologists D. the insistence of private landowners 【答案】A 27. The “threatened threatened”” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____. A. was a give-in to governmental pressure B. would involve fewer agencies in action C. granted less federal regulatory power D. went against conservation policies 【答案】D 28. 28. It It It can can can be be be learned learned learned from from from Paragraph3 Paragraph3 Paragraph3 that that that unintentional unintentional unintentional harm-doers harm-doers harm-doers will will will not not not be be be prosecuted prosecuted prosecuted if if they_____. A. agree to pay a sum for compensation B. volunteer to set up an equally big habitat C. offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job D. promise to raise funds for USFWS operations 【答案】A 29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is______. A. the federal government B. the wildlife agencies C. the landowners D. the states 【答案】D 30. Jay Lininger would most likely support_______. A. industry groups B. the win-win rhetoric C. environmental groups D. the plan under challenge 【答案】B ？A ？Text 3 That That everyone everyone everyone‟‟s s too too too busy busy busy these these these days days days is is is a a a clich clich é. . But But But one one one specific specific specific complaint complaint complaint is is is made made especially mournfully ： There There‟‟s never any time to read. What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don ‘t seem sufficient. The web ‟s full of articles offering tips on making time to read:” Give up TV ” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes minutes doesn doesn doesn‟‟t t work. work. work. Sit Sit Sit down down down to to to read read read and and and the the the flywheel flywheel flywheel of of of work-related work-related work-related thoughts thoughts thoughts keeps keeps spinning-or spinning-or else else else you you you‟‟re re so so so exhausted exhausted exhausted that that that a a a challenging challenging challenging book book book‟‟s s the the the last last last thing thing thing you you you need. need. need. The The modern modern mind, mind, mind, Tim Tim Tim Parks, Parks, Parks, a a a novelist novelist novelist and and and critic, critic, critic, writes, writes, writes, ““is is overwhelmingly overwhelmingly overwhelmingly inclined inclined inclined toward toward communication …It It is is is not not not simply simply simply that that that one one one is is is interrupted; interrupted; interrupted; it it it is is is that that that one one one is is is actually actually actually inclined inclined inclined to to interruption.interruption.”” Deep Deep reading reading reading requires requires requires not not not just just just time, time, time, but but but a a a special special special kind kind kind of of of time time time which which which can can can‟‟t t be be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. In fact, “becoming more efficient ” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be be maximized maximized maximized means means means you you you approach approach approach it it it instrumentally, instrumentally, instrumentally, judging judging judging any any any given given given moment moment moment as as as well well well spent spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, godlessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you ‟ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The The future future future comes comes comes at at at us us us like like like empty empty empty bottles bottles bottles along along along an an an unstoppable unstoppable unstoppable and and and nearly nearly nearly infinite infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You‟d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time ‟s flow ” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, books, or on or on single-purpose single-purpose e-readers. e-readers. e-readers. ““Carry Carry a a a book book book with with with you you you at at at all all all times times times”” can can actually actually actually work, work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no no longer longer longer feels feels feels as as as if if if you you you‟‟re re ““making making time time time to to to read,read,read,”” but but just just just reading, reading, reading, and and and making making making time time time for for everything else. 31. The usual time-management techniques don ‟t work because . A. what they can offer does not ease the modern mind B. what challenging books demand is repetitive reading C. what people often forget is carrying a book with them D. what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 【答案】D 32. The “empty bottles ” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to . A. update their to-do lists B. make passing time fulfilling C. carry their plans through D. pursue carefree reading 【答案】B 33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps . A. encourage the efficiency mind-set B. develop online reading habits C. promote ritualistic reading D. achieve immersive reading 【答案】D 34. “Carry a book with you at all times ”can work if . A. reading becomes your primary business of the day B. all the daily business has been promptly dealt with C. you are able to drop back to business after reading D. time can be evenly split for reading and business 【答案】A 35. The best title for this text could be . A. How to Enjoy Easy Reading B. How to Find Time to Read C. How to Set Reading Goals D. How to Read Extensively 【答案】B Text 4 Against Against a a a backdrop backdrop backdrop of of of drastic drastic drastic changes changes changes in in in economy economy economy and and and population population population structure, structure, structure, younger younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across Across generational generational generational lines, lines, lines, Americans Americans Americans continue continue continue to to to prize prize prize many many many of of of the the the same same same traditional traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. oung Y oung people people people who who who are are are still still still getting getting getting started started started in in in life life life were were were more more more likely likely likely than than than older older older adults adults adults to to prioritize prioritize personal personal personal fulfillment fulfillment fulfillment in in in their their their work, work, work, to to to believe believe believe they they they will will will advance advance advance their their their careers careers careers most most most by by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From From career career career to to to community community community and and and family, family, family, these these these contrasts contrasts contrasts suggest suggest suggest that that that in in in the the the aftermath aftermath aftermath of of of the the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While While younger younger younger people people people are are are somewhat somewhat somewhat more more more optimistic optimistic optimistic than than than their their their elders elders elders about about about the the the prospects prospects prospects for for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life ” face face a a a tougher tougher tougher a a a good-paying good-paying good-paying job, job, job, starting starting starting a a a family, family, family, managing managing managing debt, debt, debt, and and and finding finding finding affordable affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can‟t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college college when when when he he he was was was young.young.“I I still still still grew grew grew up up up in in in an an an upper upper upper middle-class middle-class middle-class home home home with with with parents parents parents who who didn didn‟‟t have college degrees,”Schneider said.” I don ‟t think people are capable of that anymore.”36、One cross-generation mark of a successful life is . A. trying out different lifestyles B. having a family with children C. working beyond retirement age D. setting up a profitable business 【答案】B 37、It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to . A. favor a slower life pace B. hold an occupation longer C. attach importance to pre-marital finance D. give priority to childcare outside the home 【答案】C 38、The priorities and expectations defined by the young will . A. become increasingly clear B. focus on materialistic issues C. depend largely on political preferences D. reach almost all aspects of American life 【答案】D 39、Both young and old agree that . A. good-paying jobs are less available B. the old made more life achievements C. housing loans today are easy to obtain D. getting established is harder for the young 【答案】D 40、Which of the following is true about Schneider? A. He found a dream job after graduating from college B. His parents believe working steadily is a must for success C. His parents‟ good life has little to do with a college degree D. He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging 【答案】C Part B Directions ：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) A. Be silly B. Have fun C. Ask for help D. Express your emotions. E. Don‟t overthink it F. Be easily pleased G. Notice things Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age. (1) As adults, it seems that we‟re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don ‟t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it ‟s time to learn a few lessons from them. 41_____________________. (2) (2) What What What does does does a a a child child child do do do when when when he he he‟‟s s sad? sad? sad? He He He cries. cries. cries. When When When he he he‟‟s s angry? angry? angry? He He He shouts. shouts. shouts. Scared? Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don ‟t dictate our behaviors, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process process too too too far far far and and and end end end up up up suppressing suppressing suppressing emotions, emotions, emotions, especially especially especially negative negative negative ones. ones. ones. That That That‟‟s s about about about as as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on. 。

2016全国法硕联考专业基础（398）真题（后附详细答案解析）TaoBao：第七代师兄一、单项选择题：第1-40小题，每小题1分，共40分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

1、从刑法的形式渊源来看，全国人大常委会《关于惩治骗购外汇、逃汇和非法买卖外汇犯罪的决定》是（）A狭义刑法B单行刑法C附属刑法D立法解释2、过失犯罪法律有规定的才负刑事责任”刑法的这一规定体现的原则是( )A罪刑法定原则B主客观相统一原则C罪责刑相适应原则D刑法适用平等原则3、甲挪用公款炒股亏损无力归还，被检察机关以贪污罪起诉，人民法院依法认定甲的行为构成挪用公款罪。

人民法院对本案罪名的变更体现了（）A规制机能B保护机能C保障机能D威慑机能4、下列行为可以构成犯罪的是（）A参加传销组织B多次敲诈勒索他人财物C雇佣童工清理客房D拐卖15周岁的男孩5、甲在丈夫的水杯中投毒，意图杀害丈夫，丈夫中毒后呕吐不止，甲见状不忍，将丈夫送到医院，使之得救。

甲的行为属于（）A犯罪预备B犯罪未遂C犯罪中止D犯罪既遂6、2014年6月29日，甲持枪抢劫后逃到外地，同年11月8日，甲因琐事将他人殴打成重伤，对甲的抢劫犯罪（）A经过20年不再追诉B从2014年6月20日计算追诉时效C因为甲逃避追查，其追诉时效不受限制D如果20年后认为必须追诉的，报请公安部核准7、甲乙二人驾驶摩托车夺取吴某挎包，因车速快将吴某带倒，致其重伤，甲乙的行为（D）A抢夺罪B故意伤害罪C抢劫罪D抢夺罪和过失致人重伤罪8、甲因涉嫌受贿被捕，在受讯间时如实供述了受贿罪刑，并举报了同监室的一名犯罪嫌疑人企图潜逃，经查证属实，下列选项中正确的是（）A甲有自首情节，对其可以从轻处罚B甲有立功情节，对其可以免除处罚C甲有坦白情节，对其可以从轻处罚D甲具有重大立功情节，对其应当免除处罚9、甲明知王某是逃犯，在公安人员前来抓捕王某时，给其3000元帮其逃跑，甲的行为构成（）A窝藏罪B妨害公务罪C包庇罪D私放在押人员罪10、张某深夜撞门进入甲家，被甲安装在保险柜上的防盗装置击中头部受轻伤，甲的行为（B）A事先防卫B正当防卫C假想防卫D防卫过当11、根据刑法规定，在道路上驾驶机动车追逐竞驶，情节恶劣的，“处拘役，并处罚金”，该处法律规定属于（）A援引法定刑B绝对确定法定刑C相对确定法定刑D绝对不确定法定刑12、甲在封闭的居民小区内醉酒驾驶，拐弯时因采取措施不当，将人行道上的工人撞成重伤，甲的行为应认定为（）A危险驾驶罪B交通肇事罪C故意伤害罪D过失致人重伤罪13、甲将面粉制作的假冒的消炎药卖至某药店后，获利巨大，对甲的行为（）A应以诈骗罪定罪处罚B只能以生产、销售假药罪定罪处罚C只能以生产、销售假冒产品罪定罪处罚D应以生产、销售假药罪和生产、销售伪劣产品罪责一重罪处罚14、法官甲违背事实和法律，判决赵某的儿子无罪。

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试311教育学专业基础综合真题及详解一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

1．对“谁的知识最有价值”这一问题最为关注的教育学派是（）。

A．实验教育学B．文化教育学C．实用主义教育学D．批判教育学【答案】D【解析】“谁的知识最有价值”出自阿普尔，他是批判教育学流派的代表人物。

2．下列说法有悖终身教育理念的是（）。

A．学习贯穿人的一生B．学校教育不再享有教育的垄断权C．终身教育从正规学校教育结束时开始D．当地社会在终身教学体系中起着重要作用【答案】C【解析】终身教育是人一生各阶段当中所受各种教育的总和，是人所受不同类型教育的统一综合。

前者是从纵向来讲的，说明终身教育不仅是青少年的教育，而且涵盖了人的一生；后者是从横向来讲的，说明终身教育既包括正规教育，也包括非正规教育。

3．赞科夫主张教学应走在学生发展前面，所依据的是（）。

A．最近发展区理论B．隐性知识理论C．先行组织者理论D．支架式教学理论【答案】A【解析】“最近发展区”理论是维果斯基提出来的，是介于学生在现有的发展水平与可能的发展水平之间的，要使最近发展区转化到现有发展水平的范围之中，推动发展前进，只有当教学走在发展前面的时候，这才是好教学。

赞科夫高度评价了维果斯基关于教学与发展问题的思想，主张教学应走在学生发展的前面。

4．有人把教育隐喻为“塑徒”，称教师是“人类灵魂工程师”，这种观点在人的发展影响因素问题上倾向于（）。

A．遗传决定论B．成熟论C．外铄论D．内因与外因交互作用论【答案】C【解析】这句话是前苏联共产党和国家的领导人之一米哈伊尔·伊凡诺维奇·加里宁说的。

由于教师在塑造年轻一代的品格中起到了关键性的作用，并影响年轻人形成良好的思想道德和行为习惯，因此称教师是“人类灵魂的工程师”，即从外因来分析影响人发展的因素。

5．20世纪50年代末我国的教育方针强调（）。

2016考研管综真题及详细答案一、问题求解（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共45分）下列每题给出5个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、某家庭在一年支出中，子女教育支出与生活资料支出的比为3:8，文化娱乐支出与子女教育支出比为1:2。

已知文化娱乐支出占家庭总支出的10.5%，则生活资料支出占家庭总支出的（ ）（A ）40% （B ）42% （C ）48% （D ）56% （E ）64%【答案】D【解析】由题知，子女教育支出：生活资料支出：文化娱乐支出=6:16:3，则生活资料支出占家庭总支出的%56163%5.10=⨯÷2、有一批同规格的正方形瓷砖，用他们铺满整个正方形区域时剩余180块，将此正方形区域的边长增加一块瓷砖的长度时，还需要增加21块瓷砖才能铺满，该批瓷砖共有（ ）（A ）9981块 （B ）10000 块 （C ）10180块 （D ）10201块 （E ）10222块【答案】C【解析】假设正方形瓷砖为11⨯的，共有N 块瓷砖，正方形区域的长度为a ，则有 ()()()10180121118012222=⇒⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+=+⨯=-⨯N a N a N 3、上午9时一辆货车从甲地出发前往乙地，同时一辆客车从乙地出发前往甲地，中午12时两车相遇，货、客车的速度分别是90千米/小时、100千米/小时。

则当客车到达甲地时，货车距乙地的距离是（ ）（A ）30千米 （B ）43千米 （C ）45千米 （D ）50千米 （E ）57千米【答案】E【解析】由题知，甲乙两地之间的距离为()570310090=⨯+ 因此当客车到达甲地时货车距乙地的距离是5790100570570=⨯-千米4、在分别标记了数字1、2、3、4、5、6的6张卡片中随机取3张，其中数字之和等于10的概率（ ）（A ）0.05 （B ）0.1 （C ） 0.15 （D ）0.2 （E ）0.25【答案】C【解析】古典概型，样本空间种类数为2036=C 种；事件A “数字之和等于10”有：1+3+6,1+4+5,2+3+5三种 因此所求概率为15.0203= 5、某商场将每台进价为2000元的冰箱以2400元销售时，每天销售8台，调研表明这种冰箱的售价每降低50元，每天就能多销售4台。