二、S76直升机介绍

CommercialS-76® HelicopterThe perfect merger of style and substance in the intermediate weight class.The gold standard of its class.The legendary S-76® helicopter operates successfully in more than 40+ countries on five continents, fulfilling its many missions in varied environmental conditions found worldwide.S-76C++Proven performance, comfort and safety.The proven S-76® helicopter continues to improve, responding to today's most critical market requirements with increased performance, quiet comfort and spacious cabin interiors, enhanced safety, dispatch reliability, operating cost efficiencies and superior mission versatility.S-76DThe next step in helicopter technology.The S-76D helicopter is truly the next step in helicopter technology, setting a new standard of excellence that S-76® helicopter operators have come to expect. Power and performance are enhanced by all composite main rotor blades and optimized Pratt & Whitney Canada PW210S engines with dual FADEC controls. Its quiet tail rotor will allow for reduced external acoustic signature and gain acceptance with the communities where it operates. Pilots will appreciate the state-of-the-art integrated Thales cockpit, its increased range and its ability to launch into known icing conditions. Passengers will love the quieter cabin.S-92® HelicopterModern, multi-mission platform that meets the most stringent safety requirements.The S-92® helicopter is the most advanced aircraft in Sikorsky's civil product line, certified to the most stringent safety requirements of the Federal A viation Administration (FAA) and the European A viation Safety Agency (EASA). The helicopter's advanced health and usage monitoring system sets a new level of reliability and enables cutting-edge fleet management services.S-92Power, agility and spacious cabin for multi-mission flexibility.The spacious, stand-up cabin of the S-92® helicopter provides the ultimate in comfort, safety and mission-flexibility required by demanding operators for a variety of roles, including offshore oil transport, executive transport, search and rescue, airline and utility. Airline configured S-92 helicopters seat up to 19 passengers in quiet, smooth and spacious airliner comfort, with power and endurance that enable fully loaded flights up to 430 nautical miles. Whatever your mission, the S-92 helicopter will provide a solution that best meets your needs.M28® AircraftThe multi-purpose utility airplane trusted worldwide in some of the most hostile environments and extreme altitudes.The ultimate in short takeoff and landing versatility.Backed by a world leader in highly-versatile flight solutions, the M28 multi-purpose utility airplane from Sikorsky Aircraft is trusted worldwide in some of the most hostile environments and extreme altitudes. With short takeoff and landing capabilities and payload performance among the best in its class, the M28 aircraft represents the best value solution for a wide range of commercial applications.M28The M28 aircraft is a commuter-category class, multi-purpose short take-off and landing aircraft. Its mission roles include passenger and/or cargo transportation and emergency medical services transport. Powered by Pratt & Whitney's popular PT-6 and configured with a rear cargo ramp, it carries up to 19 passengers and can take off and land on nearly any type of airstrip. The M28 aircraft holds type certificates with the FAA and EASA (European A viation Safety Agency).Light Turbine HelicoptersCapable and flexible light turbine helicopters with low operating costs.Modern technology. Long-standing tradition.The light turbine-powered helicopter series incorporates the best of two worlds: legacy of proven flight design originated in the 269 Series and state-of-the art turbine technology. Dating back to 1956 with the first TH-55A U.S. Army , the 269 Series includes more than 3,750 aircraft operating in more than 70 countries with more than 20 million total flight hours. The turbine engine series was advanced with the S-333TM helicopter certified in 2000. Now the S-434TM helicopter will soon take to the sky. The light turbine series is a modern, fast, progressive helicopter line that will keep you flying for many decades to come.S-333The S-333 helicopter has it all!The S-333 helicopter has set the standard for light turbine powered helicopters. It has the power, speed and hover performance to meet a broad spectrum of operational requirements in missions ranging from airborne law enforcement, flight training, power and pipeline patrol to personal transportation. Best of all, the S-333 helicopter provides lower direct operating cost than most turbine powered helicopters.S-434Advanced technology, Increased performance.The new S-434 helicopter builds on the best qualities of the 333 model, including a well laid out cockpit, outstanding flight properties and low cost of ownership. To this, we have added a four-bladed rotor system, upgraded transmission and increased fuel capacity. The result of these improvements are increased useful load, hover performance, cruise speed and lower vibration.Light Piston HelicoptersThe piston powered helicopter series draws its legacy from the 269 series. The 269 series helicopter.Mission capable, Effective, Affordable.The piston powered helicopter series draws its legacy from the 269 series. The 269 series helicopter was originally designed with four major objectives in mind: performance, versatility, safety and cost effectiveness. Since its inception, the product has been continuously improved with new technology and design innovation. Now, more than 50 years and more than 3,700 helicopters later, the S-300CTM and S-300CBiTM helicopters are regarded as among the world's finest piston-powered helicopters.S-300CThe ultimate in versatility.The S-300C helicopter is known as one of the finest and most versatile piston-engine rotorcraft. Through a program of continuous design evolution and innovation, the S-300C model is even better than ever. Its maneuverability, responsive handling and outstanding range and endurance make the S-300C model ideal for a broad range of roles. In addition, the S-300C helicopter is supported by a worldwide network of service centers. This helicopter has proven its value in many diverse applications around the world, including personal transportation, military and civil training, aerial photography, law enforcement patrol, pipeline and traffic patrol, aerial application, aerial surveys and lift operations.S-300CBiSimply the best for training and personal use.The thrill of flying helicopters safely and economically is what the S-300CBi helicopter is all about. The S-300CBi model creates a positive first impression to student pilots and helicopter experts alike. From the outside, the first impression is that it is solid, substantial and rugged. That reaction is reinforced once inside the cockpit. The cabin is spacious, the seats are comfortable, the controls are conventional, and the visibility is exceptional.MilitaryBLACK HA WK HelicopterThe battle-proven BLACK HA WK helicopter is the mutli-mission workhorse for customers around the world.The first choice for tactical operations worldwide.V ersatile, dependable and rugged: just three reasons why 25 nations depend on BLACK HA WK helicopters for multi-mission support. With more than 2,300 aircraft in service through 30 years of legendary performance for the BLACK HA WK family, UH-60M and S-70iTM BLACK HA WK helicopters clearly demonstrate Sikorsky's continued commitment to our customers' tactical operations.UH-60MThe U.S. Army's multi-mission helicopter for the 21st centuryThe UH-60M helicopter culminates more than 30 years of technological advancement, improved performance and real world experience. This advanced BLACK HA WK aircraft serves dependably in the most extreme conditions found on earth. With the integration of the U.S. Army's Future Combat Systems and automated aircraft health monitoring, the UH-60M provides superior vertical lift and is the "intelligent" choice for the battlefield of tomorrow.S-70iGlobal, affordable, provenBased on the battle proven BLACK HA WK helicopter, the S-70i helicopter has been designed with the specific features and capabilities most requested by international military customers, at an affordable price. The S-70i BLACK HA WK helicopter is the culmination of 30 years of engineering excellence and real world military experience. This affordable new breed of BLACK HA WK is robustly configured with a state-of-the-art cockpit. Built to a strict military standard, S-70i BLACK HA WK helicopters are ready to support operations, every where .... every time.Armed KitsExpanding mission effectiveness for your existing BLACK HA WK helicopters.An important aspect of the BA TTLEHA WKTM system is its flexibility. The mission computer and weaponization modifications can be ordered with new-build aircraft as described in the UH-60M and S-70iTMModels Armed mission section. The BA TTLEHA WK system is also available in kit form for installation on existing aircraft. Either way, the result is an unbeatable combination of capabilities and reliability. The BA TTLEHAWK armed helicopter - it's only from Sikorsky and it may be all you need.SEAHA WK® HelicopterA sophisticated, highly integrated aircraft for anti-submarine warfare, search and rescue and numerous other maritime helicopter missions.World's most capable maritime helicopterSikorsky helicopters have more than 60 years experience performing maritime missions. The SEAHAWK helicopter family has more than 2.5 million flight hours with more than 600 SEAHAWK helicopters in service worldwide. The current production MH-60R and MH-60S helicopters bring powerful new capabilities to the U.S. fleet with digital cockpits and mission-adaptive systems. In addition, Sikorsky offers the capable multi-role S-70BTM SEAHA WK Anti-Submarine Warfare / Anti-Surface Warfare (ASW / ASuW) helicopter for international customers.MH-60RPremier multi mission maritime helicopter.Some 298 new MH-60R SEAHA WK® helicopters with a mix of sophisticated sensors are assuming the U.S. Navy's primary anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare roles of today's SH-60B and SH-60F aircraft. The MH-60R SEAHA WK helicopter elevates tactical maritime mission capability to a new level by building on six decades of Sikorsky's naval helicopter experience. The MH-60R model is the world's most capable naval helicopter available today designed to operate from frigates, destroyers, cruisers and aircraft carriers. Its state-of-the-art mission systems give it an unmatched capability as an airborne multi-mission naval platform. Additionally, the MH-60R aircraft enables modern navies worldwide to benefit from future decades of military interoperability with the U.S. Navy.MH-60SThe ultimate maritime work horse.The MH-60S Seahawk helicopter is designed to perform vertical replenishment (VERTREP), combat search and rescue (CSAR), special warfare support and airborne mine countermeasures (AMCM) missions. Additionally, in its armed configuration, it can conduct anti-surface warfare (ASUW).S-70BProven technology, international maritime support.The S-70B SEAHA WK® weapon system provides international navies with a modern, battle-proven, in-use, low-risk Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) / Anti Surface Warfare (ASuW) mission solution. The S-70B model is a blend of field proven technology and state-of-the-art airframe, avionics and mission equipment making it, like its counterpart the MH-60R helicopter, the worlds most capable helicopter available today. The S-70B aircraft features an advanced, highly reliable Rockwell Collins glass cockpit. This system is integrated with a Rockwell Collins flight management system including a superior navigation and communication suite. The weapons management system has a flexible open architecture capable of integrating indigenous weapons and mission equipment.H-92 HelicopterBased on proven BLACK HA WK technology, the SUPERHA WK offers even greater space and performance for maximum mission flexibility.The future is now.The H-92TM helicopter is Sikorsky’s premier twin-engine medium-lift helicopter specially adapted for the rigors of military missions. Cost-effective to own and operate, the H-92 helicopter performs troop transport, combat search and rescue, medical evacuation and head of state missionsthroughout the world. The aircraft incorporates modern technology throughout, including an advanced cockpit with an avionics management system that provides audio cues and intuitive flight symbology on four fully redundant liquid crystal displays.H-92The new standard in military operation.The H-92TM aircraft is a civil certified helicopter built for military operation. It combines advanced, certified technology and military technologies, incorporating some of the best design attributes of the legendary BLACK HA WK, SEAHAWK® and the CH-53 lines. The H-92 helicopter has a rugged design for extreme mission endurance with efficiencies for multi-mission operation. The exceptionally large cabin of the H-92 helicopter delivers a range of interior options to maximize flexibility for military crews and maximize value for government operators.CH-53 HelicopterHeavy lift helicopters, combining power and versatility on land or at sea.A 50 year legacy of heavy lift solutions.The H-53 family of heavy lift helicopters combine power and versatility like nothing else in the sky. They are at home in searing desert heat, arctic cold and everything in between. Flying a range of missions that include heavy-lift operations, H-53 helicopters can carry cargo, vehicles, artillery and troops and are designed to operate in naval environments. The all new CH-53K helicopter, theUnited States Marine Corps' Heavy Lift Replacement Helicopter, will continue the H-53 legacy with Initial Operating Capability in 2015.CH-53KThe world's premier heavy lift helicopter is in development at Sikorsky.The CH-53K model will be the world's premier heavy lift helicopter, leveraging the lessons learned over 50 years of manufacturing and operational success with its CH-53A/D/E predecessors. Built to thrive in the modern battlefield, the extremely capable CH-53K aircraft will be intelligent, reliable, low maintenance and survivable across the full spectrum of operating conditions for which it was designed. Expeditionary in nature, the CH-53K aircraft will be fully shipboard compatible and capable of operating from austere and remote forward operating bases. The CH-53K helicopter is the Marine Corps' critical land and sea based logistics connector.Light Turbine HelicoptersDependable and cost effective helicopters for demanding flight training requirements.Modern technology, Long standing tradition.The light turbine-powered series incorporates the best of two worlds: legacy of proven flight design originated in the 269 Series and state-of-the art technology. Dating back to 1956 with the first TH-55A U.S. Army model, the 269 Series includes more than 3,750 aircraft operating in more than 70 countries with more than 20 million total flight hours. With the S-333TM helicoptercertified in 2000 and the newly announced S-434TM helicopter soon to take the sky, the light turbine series is a modern, fast, progressive helicopter line that will keep you flying for many decades to come.S-333The S-333 helicopter has it all.The S-333 helicopter has set the standard for light turbine-powered helicopters. It has the power, speed and hover performance to meet a broad spectrum of operational requirements in missions ranging from airborne law enforcement, flight training, power and pipeline patrol to personal transportation. Best of all, the S-333 helicopter provides lower direct operating cost than most turbine powered helicopters.S-434Advanced technology, Increased performance.The new S-434 helicopter builds on the best qualities of the S-333 helicopter, including a well laid out cockpit, outstanding flight properties and low cost of ownership. To this, we have added a four-bladed Rotor and drive system, upgraded transmission and increased fuel capacity. The result of these improvements are increased useful load, hover performance, cruise speed and lowervibration.Reconnaissance Fixed Wing AircraftQuiet, efficient and reliable aircraft, custom made for a variety of surveillance and patrol missions. Modern technology, long-standing tradition.Since 1973, Schweizer has been active in the development and manufacture of efficient and quiet airplanes, beginning with the SGS 1-35 high performance sailplane, which won several national soaring competitions. Schweizer's work on sailplanes led to a contract with the USAF to develop the SGM 2-37 motor glider to be used as a flight training aircraft. It soon became apparent that the combination of low noise and efficient cruise of the aircraft was perfectly suited for surveillance work and a reconnaissance version of the 2-37 was contracted for the USAF in 1986. Currently the SA2-37BTM aircraft and the new SA-38BTM aircraft are in demand by customers for missions such as border surveillance, maritime and coastal patrol, signals intercept, radar detection, drug surveillance, search and rescue, data relay, environmental surveillance, and pollution detection control.SA-38BAchieving new levels of surveillance capabilities.The twin-engine, turbine-powered SA-38B aircraft is optimally designed to perform surveillance at both low and high altitudes up to 20,000 ft. Designed specifically for the surveillance role withintegrated sensor payloads, it achieves better mission performance at significantly lower costs than other aircraft. Sensors on the SA-38B model are fully integrated to maximize day/night monitoring capabilities. Multi-mission capabilities include border surveillance, maritime and coastal patrol, signals intercept, radar detection, drug surveillance, search and rescue, data relay, environmental surveillance, and pollution detection control. The SA-38B aircraft combines multi-sensor payloads, covert mission performance, twin-engine reliability, and low cost of operation to achieve unique mission effectiveness.SA2-37BLong mission endurance, Low operational noise, The right solution.The Schweizer SA2-37B aircraft is uniquely capable as an intelligence platform in performing missions such as counter-terrorism, border and/or port security, counter-drug detection and force protection. Its design features such as very low noise signature, 14 hours of mission endurance, eight hours on-station endurance, 500 pound payload along with low acquisition and operating cost, make the aircraft a highly effective multi-mission product.H-3 HelicoptersNearly 50 years of operation with many models still performing valuable missions for our customers today.A proud history that continues into tomorrow.The H-3 helicopter program has been a model of success since its introduction to the U.S. Navy in 1959. Over the next half of a century the H-3 series has ably served the U.S. Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard. Over 200 were produced for international military and commercial customers, and its popularity spawned four separate international licensed production programs. Nearly 1,500 aircraft were produced by Sikorsky and its licensees, many of them still in operation today.M28® AircraftThe M28® Twin Turboprop is a rugged, short take-off and landing aircraft, designed to meet demanding military needs such as patrol or transport missions.The ultimate in short takeoff and landing versatility.Backed by a world leader in highly-versatile flight solutions, the M28 multi-purpose utility airplane from Sikorsky Aircraft is trusted worldwide in some of the most hostile environments and extreme altitudes. With short takeoff and landing capabilities and payload performance among the best in its class, the M28 aircraft represents the best value solution for a wide range of military applications.BryzaIn service with The Polish Air Force, The M28 Bryza aircraft is a rugged, short takeoff and landing capability aircraft, designed to meet demanding military uses. The aircraft's multi-missioncapabilities include troop and cargo transport, Medevac, paradrop, patrol and reconnaissance missions.。

S-76C型直升机排故浅析S-76C型直升机是一款由美国赛克斯公司生产的中型直升机，广泛应用于民用和军事领域。

S-76C型直升机具有良好的性能和可靠性，但在实际运行中仍然会出现各种故障。

本文将对S-76C型直升机的常见故障进行排故浅析，以期帮助相关人员更好地了解和解决直升机故障问题。

1. 发动机故障S-76C型直升机搭载了两台涡轮轴发动机，发动机故障是直升机常见的故障之一。

发动机故障一般表现为动力输出不足、共振、燃烧不稳定等现象。

针对发动机故障，首先要检查发动机的燃油供给情况，确保燃油质量和供给流畅；其次要检查发动机的起动和冷却系统，确保发动机能够顺利启动和正常运转；最后要检查发动机的控制系统，确保各个控制参数正常并能够及时调整。

2. 传动系统故障S-76C型直升机的传动系统包括主传动、尾传动和旋翼传动等部分，传动系统故障会导致直升机的飞行性能下降甚至完全失效。

传动系统故障的排故重点在于定期检查和维护传动系统的各个部件，特别是润滑油的质量和供给情况，以及齿轮、轴承等关键部件的磨损情况。

还要密切关注传动系统的工作温度和振动情况，及时发现并处理异常情况。

S-76C型直升机的电气系统包括起动系统、照明系统、通信系统等多个部分，电气系统故障会直接影响到直升机的飞行安全。

在排除电气系统故障时，要仔细检查各个电气设备的供电和接地情况，确保电气系统的正常供电和接地；还要检查各个开关、保险丝和接线头的连接情况，保证电气系统的各个部分能够正常工作。

S-76C型直升机的操纵系统包括主旋翼和尾旋翼的操纵系统，操纵系统故障会引发直升机的不稳定飞行和失控现象。

在排除操纵系统故障时，要仔细检查操纵系统的连接情况和工作性能，确保各个操纵面和作动器的正常运转；同时还要检查操纵系统的自动辅助系统，确保各个传感器和控制器的工作正常。

S-76C型直升机排故需要综合考虑发动机、传动系统、电气系统和操纵系统等多个方面的情况，及时发现并解决直升机的故障问题，确保直升机的安全飞行。

浅析S-76C+直升机自动驾驶系统原理和故障排除前言自动驾驶系统是直升机各系统中最综合、最复杂、最难理解的部分，部件多、信号交联广、线路复杂是其主要特点，因此自动驾驶系统发生故障后很难进行排除。

本文将从自驾系统基本原理出发，以相关机身维护手册为依据，总结自驾系统的排故思路，同时对真实案例进行解析，深入浅出地分享排经验，希望能对今后机务维修人员处理此类直升机故障带来启发作用。

自动驾驶系统原理S-76C+直升机自驾系统的作用主要有四个方面：增加直升机的稳定性（SAS）、保持直升机的姿态（ATT）、为飞行员手动飞行提供飞行指引（FD）、减轻飞行员工作负担实现自动驾驶（AP）和搜救模式（SAR）。

如图一它主要由两台自驾计算机（FCM）、六个串联作动筒（SAS）、四个并联作动筒（TRIM）、一个自驾控制面板（APCP）、一个飞行模式选择器（MS）和一个命令指示器（CD）构成，其他的还有控制系统工作逻辑的继电器和用于监控作动筒作动距离的位置传感器。

其中两个自驾计算机是最为核心的部件，相当于指挥中枢，正常情况下FCM2主用、FCM1备用，当两个计算机数值不一致时FCM停止工作；六个串联作动筒分别控制俯仰、横滚、偏航三个通道，每个通道有两个，分别与其中一个FCM相连接，每个串联作动筒的控制权限为±5％，作动长度8MM，动作快但是控制权限小；四个并联作动筒分别控制俯仰、横滚、偏航、总矩四个通道，每个通道有一个，同时与两个FCM相连接，并联作动筒在执行自动驾驶时工作在自动配平模式。

在俯仰轴和横滚轴上，配平伺服系统具有100%的权限，动作慢，用于在正确的方向上重新定位操作杆，确保串联作动筒始终在其正常、居中（中间行程）位置工作，以获得最佳权限。

并联作动筒还提供磁刹车、人工感觉（配平力）和止动开关detent switch 功能。

按下周期杆配平释放开关可释放俯仰轴和横滚轴的磁力制动器，允许周期杆运动，无需感觉到弹簧力。

S-76C型直升机排故浅析摘要：对于一名飞机维修人员来说，排故工作基本上算是“家常便饭”。

尽管说大部分飞机维修人员懂维修，知排故，即使遇到比较复杂、难度较高的故障，但花多点时间、精力最终也能顺利的排除和解决，然而要做到高效、精准且“不走弯路”地排除各类故障却鲜有人能够做到。

本文以S-76C型直升机为例重点阐述了飞机排故工作应当注意的一些问题，帮助维修人员提升飞机排故技巧、提高工作效率，为飞行安全提供有力保障。

关键词：直升机;维修;排故引言S-76直升机是美国西科斯基公司研制的12座全天候民用运输直升机。

该机于1976年5月开始设计，1977年3月首次试飞。

目前分别生产了S-76A、S-76B、S-76C、S-76D四个系列的直升机。

其中S-76C型直升机还改进为S-76C+、S-76C++型直升机，分别了采用透博梅卡公司的2台阿赫耶2S1及2S2发动机，两台发动机可分开工作，在增加动力的同时提升飞机的可靠性。

我国引进了多架该型号直升机用于民用运送及海上搜救活动。

但是，從飞机维修的角度来看，S-76C型直升机电子故障出现相对较为频繁，故障的种类也较为繁杂，如对该型直升机没有较深的了解，在遇到一些故障时可能无从下手，这些对机务人员提出了较高的要求。

故在此本文总结归纳了该机型排故过程中应当注意的一些问题，帮助飞机维修人员绕开一些“弯路”，达到提升排故技巧，提高工作效率的目的。

一、要观察完整的故障现象虽然在有些问题上可以做到“见微知著、一叶知秋”，但是在查找故障原因、观察故障现象时不可如此。

因为飞机系统繁杂，相同的故障现象可能为多个不同的原因导致。

例如左侧IIDS显示器显示黑屏，且按压IIDS转换按钮故障无转移，依据该故障现象工作者断定为IIDS显示器故障，结果更换显示器后故障依旧存在。

这时工作者才仔细观察了整个故障现象，发现中间IIDS显示器显示燃油油量不正常，这时才明白IIDS显示器显示黑屏是由RDAU故障造成的，更换RDAU后故障果然得到排除。

地震应急救援直升机速览应用于医疗救助、搜救、空中执法、石油平台支持、公务用途、电力巡线、护林防火、旅客运输、航拍飞行和准军用任务等领域，是全球最热销的直升机，该机型系列也是中国市场最受欢迎的轻型涡轮直升机。

西科斯基S-76CS-76C直升机是西科斯基公司专门为商业市场而研制开发的S-76直升机系列中的最新型号，装有两台透博梅卡最新型的TurbomecaArriel2S1发动机，它可向世界范围的公司、海上石油、医院、航空公司、政府机构提供全方位的服务，被誉为当今世界上最佳的民用直升机。

S-76C直升机配有先进的机载设备，能使飞行员方便灵活地操纵飞机，也能在多种天气条件下以及白天和黑夜进行飞行作业。

R44R44轻型直升机于1996年正式投入市场，因其广泛的通用性，年生产量从1996年的78架迅速增长为2000年的264架，至2001年5月，生产总量已超过1200架。

罗宾逊直升机公司以生产低价位、高标准、高性能的轻型直升机而信誉卓著。

罗宾逊直升机在工艺设计方面一贯强调优质可靠。

根据美国国家交通安全委员会（NTSB）的统计数字，由于机身或发动机故障引起的事故，R44型直升机比其它直升机要少得多。

Bell206Bell206是美国贝尔公司在OH-4A轻型观察直升机的基础上发展的轻型多用途直升机，是目前2吨级直升机上，性价比最高，安全性最好的直升机。

2022年汶川地震发生后，Bell206在克服当地山区恶劣条件且在其他飞机无法飞入的情况下，凭借轻巧的机身和出色的操控，出色完成救灾侦察任务，并在山区抢救出多名群众。

这种直升机可用于载客、运货、救援、测绘、农田作业、开发油田，以及行政勤务等任务。

EC-120EC120是一种面向21世纪的多用途轻型直升机，民用名称“蜂鸟”。

该型直升机设计一流。

它采用带有3片高性能复合材料桨叶的球柔性主旋翼和新式低噪声涵道尾桨，安装有性能可靠的大功率发动机，并配备了先进的电子设备，具有油耗低、噪音小、乘坐舒适、使用维护成本低等特点，可广泛用于治安巡逻、公务运输、通用航空、航空医疗运输和训练，是目前国际上最先进的轻型直升机之一。

“阿帕奇”武装直升机美国休斯直升机公司1975年研制的反坦克武装直升机。

最大平飞时速307千米，实用升限6250米，最大上升率16.2米/秒，航程578千米。

主要武器：机头旋转炮塔内装1门30毫米链式反坦克炮、4个外挂点可挂8枚反坦克导弹和工具，19联装火箭发射器。

最大起飞重量7890千克。

机上还装有目标截获显示系统和夜视设备，可在复杂气象条件下搜索、识别与攻击目标。

它能有效摧毁中型和重型坦克，具有良好的生存能力和超低空贴地飞行能力，是美国当代主战武装直升机。

AH-64“阿帕奇”直升机是美国最先进的具有全天候、昼夜作战能力的武装直升机。

海拉克实施大规模空袭前22分钟，8架“阿帕奇”攻击直升机从750千米外的基地起飞，发射了3枚“海尔法”导弹，导弹沿着波束飞向伊拉克西部两个地面雷达站，不到2分钟，就彻底摧毁了它，从而为空袭部队提供了安全走廊，保证了空袭成功。

其后，又以一架AH-64A“阿帕奇”攻击直升机摧毁23辆坦克的纪录载入史册。

与其他直升机相比，“阿帕奇”的突出特点是：(1)火力强，它以反坦克导弹为主要武器，另外还有机炮和火箭等；(2)装甲防护和弹伤容限及适坠性能好；(3)飞行速度快；(4)作战半径大，可达200千米左右；(5)机载电子及火控设备齐全，具有较高的全天候作战能力和较完善的火控、通信、导航及夜视系统；(6)具有“一机多用”能力。

RAH-66最突出的优点是它采用了直升机中前所未有的全面隐身设计。

以往的各种直升机也采用了隐身措施，例如AH-64的发动机排气管就采用了绰号"黑洞"的红外辐射抑制装置。

而RAH-66则用整体的隐身设计：机身采用了类似F-117的多面体圆滑边角设计，减少直角反射面，并采用吸波材料；发动机进气口经过精巧设计，开口呈缝隙状，气道曲折，避免雷达波照射到涡轮风扇上产生大的回波；排气管采用了复杂的降温、遮掩设计，排气辐射量极小；采用了美国直升机设计中少有的涵道风扇尾桨设计，雷达反射回波比传统尾桨要少；武器主要内装在机身两侧弹舱内，发射时伸出发射，需要时也可以加装短翼，外挂弹药。

理论和实践创新铸就S76直升机项目摘要:本文从项目管理的角度总结了我公司和美国西科斯基合作生产的S76D直升机项目的实施过程，通过在S76D项目中运用项目管理理念和方法，将理论应用与实践创新相结合，阐述了生产管理、采购管理、供应商管理等项目管理的创新点。

在公司各单位和合作方的大力支持和配合下，首架S76D直升机于2017年7月在我公司完成生产装配交付给美国西科斯基公司后，得到了美方用户的一致认可与好评。

关键词:项目管理; S76D 直升机;理论和实践创新项目的背景和概述项目管理作为一门新兴学科，在世界范围内已得到认可和推崇、缩短工期、降低成本、保证质量和发挥综合收益等方面，项目管理都显示了其优越性，在未来的社会管理和企业管理中，项目管理将扮演更重要的角色。

S76D直升机是美国西科斯基公司研制的12座全天候民用运输直升机，最大起飞重量为5306kg，主要基于S76C++进行了升级，换用2台更先进的PW210S涡轴发动机，采用了新-代的顶级Thales综合航电系统，并对动力平台、油箱、驾驶舱等结构件进行了优化升级，被广泛用于近海支援、商业运输及医疗救护等。

公司根据此项目特点以及内外部环境因素，将理论应用与实践创新相结合，制订适用于项目特点的项目管理计划，采用有效、适用的项目管理方法、选择有针对性的项目管理技术与工具，对项目进行管理。

在项目实施过程中，公司在使用通用性项目管理方法和技术的基础上进行了管理创新，进-一步促进了项目的成功。

1项目过程解析1.1项目启动1.1.1项目团队组建根据国际合作转包项目的特点，结合公司的战略发展，任命了具有丰富管理经验的项目经理并建立了项目管理团队，全面负贵项目的实施并充分发展各部门职责,规划并构成合理的组织结构图并以文本的方式明确了项目团队成员的责任和分工。

1.1.2 项目启动会在上述准备工作完成后，项目团队邀请了包括公司领导在内的各职能部门人员召开项目启动会。

项目经理向与会人员介绍项目管理，项目总体情况、工作分解内容和项目里程碑计划，公司各职能部门汇报各自的工作重点，难点及解决措施等情况。

S-76C型直升机排故浅析S-76C型直升机是一种双发轻型直升机，由美国斯奈卡西公司设计制造。

由于其出色的机动性和可靠性，该型直升机广泛应用于商业和军事领域。

在直升机的使用过程中，可能会出现一些故障和问题，需要及时排除。

本文将对S-76C型直升机常见的故障进行浅析，以便飞行员和维护人员能够更好地了解和解决这些问题。

S-76C型直升机常见的故障之一是发动机失效。

发动机失效可能是由于燃油问题、点火系统故障、机械故障等原因引起的。

在发现发动机失效时，飞行员应该立即采取紧急措施，比如尽快寻找适当的着陆场地，以减轻飞机的负荷并降低事故风险。

维护人员则需要对发动机进行仔细检查，并修复或更换受损的部件。

S-76C型直升机还可能遇到的问题是机身振动。

机身振动可能是由于平衡问题、零件磨损、螺旋桨失调等原因导致的。

当飞行员感觉到机身振动时，应该减速飞行并寻找平坦的飞行道，以减小振动对飞行安全的影响。

维护人员则需要检查和调整相关部件、更换磨损的零件。

S-76C型直升机还可能出现的问题包括电气系统故障、操纵系统故障和液压系统故障等。

对于这些故障，飞行员和维护人员都需要有足够的知识和经验，以便快速识别问题并采取相应措施。

为了保障S-76C型直升机的正常运行，飞行员和维护人员应该定期进行维护和检查。

维护人员需要定期检查发动机、螺旋桨、机身和操纵系统等部件的状态和性能，确保其正常工作。

飞行员则需要在每次使用前对直升机进行预飞检查，确保各系统运行正常，并及时报告和修复任何发现的问题。

S-76C型直升机是一种可靠性较高的轻型直升机，但在实际使用过程中仍然可能出现各种故障。

飞行员和维护人员需要具备丰富的知识和经验，以便及时排除故障，保证直升机的安全运行。

通过定期维护和检查，可以预防和减少故障的发生，提高直升机的可靠性和安全性。

16材料与工艺Material and Technology中国航班飞行与安全Flight and Safety CHINA FLIGHTS S76C 型救助直升机起落架无法正常放下故障研究 叶辉|交通运输部东海第二救助飞行队摘要：某次训练飞行时，机组报告执飞的某S-76C 型直升机起落架未能正常放下。

收到信息后，维修人员启动应急处置预案，确认起落架没有机械卡阻后，建议机组启用起落架应急放下操纵程序操作，并成功释放起落架。

关键词：救助直升机；起落架；放下1 故障浅析该救助直升机安全拖入机库后，工程技术部门立即组织维修人员进行了排故工作，排故依据维修手册32-30-00章节。

经排故程序发现故障点为前起落架关断活门内电磁线圈短路，导致起落架控制活门无法工作，起落架无法正常收放。

现将此故障为什么会导致起落架无法正常收放的逻辑原理分析如下：1.1 起落架正常收上当起落架手柄在“up”（收上）位，那么起落架控制活门中“up”位线圈（SOL2）及前起落架关断活门线圈通电工作，从而使该救助直升机2号液压系统的液压油能通过油路作用到3个起落架作动筒的收上端使作动筒做收上动作，且在此过程中起落架位置红灯一直长亮。

1.2 起落架正常放下当起落架手柄在“down”（放下）位，那么起落架控制活门中“down”位线圈（SOL1）线圈通电工作，从而使该救助直升机2号液压系统的液压油能通过油路作用到3个起落架作动筒的放下端使作动筒做放下动作，且在此过程中起落架位置红灯一直长亮。

1.3 前起落架关断活门内线圈在操纵瞬间短路导致故障（见图1）从上图可以看出在起落架控制活门“UP”（SOL2）端及前起落架关断活门“A”端有反接一个普通二极管和一个齐纳二极管。

为了更好的理解此电路及此次故障现象，有必要先了解下齐纳二极管的特性。

此二极管是一种直到临界反向击穿电压前都具有很高电阻的半导体器件。

在这临界击穿点上，反向电阻降低到一个很小的数值，在这个低阻区中电流增加而电压则保持恒定，齐纳二极管是根据击穿电压来分档的，因为这种特性，齐纳二极管管主要被作为稳压器或特殊电路中反向软击穿形成通路使用，其伏安特性。