直流输电High Voltage Inverter Topologies

Medium Voltage Values & SemiconductorsMedium Voltage Levels:2.3 kV,3.3 kV,4.16 kV, 6.3 kV, 11 kV, 13.8 kV…..35kVMotor Power Range: 200kW ... 6000 kW .... 11MW……50MWSemiconductor Blocking Voltage Range:1.2 kV, 1. 7 kV,2.5kV,3.3kV,4.5 kV , 6.5kVLine / (Semiconductor Voltage Range):480Vac/ (1200V); 690Vac/(1700V), 1250Vdc/(2500V),1800Vdc / (3.3kV); 2.2kVdc / (4.5kV); 3.3 kVdc/ (6.5kV)Efficiency comparison of different blocking voltage IGBTsThree phase IGBT inverter operation at same coolingconditions and Fsw= 3.6kHz; cos φ=0.9 and same module size1.7kV, 2400A Vdc=1100VVac=690V3.3kV,1200A Vdc=1800V Vac=1130V6.5kV,600AVdc=3600V Vac=2260VPower [kVA]ηMultilevel voltage source inverterSolution with IGBT (3.3kV, 4.5kV and 6.5kV) in useSolution with IGCT (Isolated Gate Controlled Thyristors) in useHard series IGBT connectionCurrent Source Inverter with MV SGCT (Symmetrical Gate ControlThyristors)Multilevel Cell InvertersMultilevel Inverter with Flying CapacitorsSIEMENS-Robicon CellsSEMIKRON Solutions for Regenerative DrivesAsynchronous AC Induction Motor (Cell with B6CI +B2CI )Asynchronous AC Induction Motor (With direct conversion cells )SEMIKRON2Q Drive Solution, with Power Factor Corrector (PFC)•Single Phase PFC•Three-Phase PFCMV voltage source inverter3.3kV4.5kV and 6.5 kV IGBTsemiconductors, for Three LevelInverter for3.3kV,4.2kV and 6.3kV MediumVoltage linesIGCT based invertersCell MV construction with lowvoltage silicon. (1700V)All MV Drive solutions have a full size input transformerMultilevel voltage source inverter3.3kV4.5kV and 6.5 kV IGBT semiconductors, for Three Level Inverter for3.3kV,4.2kV and 6.3kV Medium Line VoltageInput transformer, STAR and DELTA for 12 or 24 Pulse Rectifier for 2Q DriveInput transformer is used for 4Q Drive tooCommercial examples:SIMOVERT MV with DFE, (Diode Front End), 2 Q driveSIMOVERT MV with AFE, (Active Front End), 4 Q driveAll MV Drive solutions have a full size input transformerSome producers are using different components for different voltage ranges and can not supply drives for the voltage higher as 6.3kVSIMOVERT MVSIMOVERT MV: The medium-voltage drive converter for AC drives. Straightforward. Cost-effective. Compact.SIMOVERT MV drive converters offer you cost-effective variable-speed AC drive solutions in the output range from660 kVA to 9100 kVA for voltages extending from2.3 kV to 6.6 kV.ABB IGCT MV DriveACS 1000Medium-Voltage Drives 400 -6700 Hp Motors (2300 & 4160 volt)Multilevel inverter with voltage sharing capacitorsAlstom Flying (Floating) Capacitors circuit (5 level)Rockwell AutomationCurrent Source Inverter with MV SGCT (Allen-Bradley) SGCT -The Ideal Power Semiconductor Switch for MV DrivesGoals for MV DrivesSimple, low voltage, proven semiconductor elements 4 quadrant operation Clean, sine wave line current with simple transformer Good line power factor Sine wave motor current Low amplitude steps in motor voltage waveform High efficiency Modular construction for different voltages, powers for quick assembly Torque and speed control as good as low voltage drives124Q Drive Solutions from SEMIKRON with Standard IGBT1. Regenerative Cell (Cell with B6CI +B2CI ) Regenerative operation is now possible Inherent sine wave line current without special transformer arrangement No grid voltage limits Each cell powered from a simple transformer winding No output filter Avoids subjecting motor to large, high dv/dt stepsMulti - cell 4Q inverter with low voltage semiconductors13Regenerative Cell (Produced in Canada)14SEMIKRON PATENT - German Patent152Q Drive SolutionsSingle Phase Power Supply Simple Transformer Higher Number of Cells Lower Cell Power Standard Power Factor Corrector for the Input Rectifier Advantage: N° of transformer windings is reduced to 1/3PFC Cells based on SKiiP technology162Q Drive SolutionsSingle Phase Power Supply Less semiconductors in series Simple Transformer Higher Number of Cells Lower Cell Power Standard Power Factor Corrector for the Input Rectifier Advantage: N° of transformer windings is reduced to 1/3PFC Cells, based on GD circuit172Q Drive Solutions from SEMIKRONThree Phase Power Supply Improvement Power Factor Corrector for the Three Phase Input Rectifier Three Level H-Bridge Inverter Booster and H-Bridge Devices from the same Voltage Class Less Cells in series; 1/2 transformer windings compared with RobiconThree-phase PFC Cells with three level Output183-Level SEMiX Possibilities80 100 120 180 280 420 [kVA]Working conditionsCos phi = 1 m =1 Ts = 70°C Fsw = 20kHz SEMiX 2SEMiX 319SEMiX3 - Cells concept20SEMiX 3 – 300400kVA21United States PatentControlled DC Cell Voltage (SK 4Q and 2Q Drives)Vdc_Cell=1200V Vout_Cell=851VacNo of Cells in series with SK solutions and 1700V silicon in useUncontrolled DC Cell Voltage (Robicon)Line Voltage variations +/-15%Vdc_Cell=830…1200Vdc Vout_Cell=589VacNo of Cells in series for Robicon solution and 1700V silicon in useUncontrolled vs. Controlled DC Cell VoltageRobicon No of Cells and SK No of Cells in seriesSK-2Q: 3x5 Cells, 5x3=15 simple windings, 90 IGBTs7.2kV 2 Q Drive SK SolutionRobicon: 3x7 Cells, 7x3x3=63 sophisticated transformerwindings, 84 IGBTs7.2kV 2 Q Drive SIEMENS -Robicon SolutionMV Drive ControllerHV Cell ControllersEach Cell has auxiliary power supply from line, via line transformer(and from DC link, optional)Each cell has two parts and two PWM controllers;1. Line side (Three Phase Converter, or Power Factor Corrector.)Controller is independent unit placed on HV side. It has onlycommunication with central controller, with simple features, likestatus and stop / go (one optical link)2. Output H-Bridge is connected via optical link to the central controller,and is receiving PWM signals for all 4 IGBTs through one optical link.Windmill designers Goals•High Power Wind turbine •Lower losses•Result: Medium Voltage Motor -Generator •Variable speed •High efficiency•Proven semiconductors•Clean, sinusoidal line current with simple line transformer •Good line power factor, and low THD •Active and Reactive power control•Modular construction for different voltages, powers for quick assembly•High reliability •Lowest costsGoals for Variable Speed Wind TurbinesLow voltage Variable Speed Wind TurbinesLow voltage 5 MW Variable Speed Wind Turbinesconverter for the full generated powerWell known construction with up to 15 units in parallel.Total number of running units>20.000Medium Voltage Variable Speed Wind Turbine5 MW Variable Speed Wind Turbinesconverter for the full generated powerVdc=10 kV; There is no semiconductors for a such high DC voltage!Can we make the equivalent MV construction ?Medium Voltage Variable Speed Wind Turbine5 MW Variable Speed Wind Turbinesconverter for the full generated powerVdc=10 kV; There is no semiconductors for a such high DC voltage!Can we make the equivalent MV construction ?Medium Voltage Windmill on Cell PrincipleRectifierSEMIKRON MV CellMVDC lineA power converter that can be placed on the bottom of the tower (less weight in the nacelle),Basic 600 kVA, 500kW cellOnly LOW VOLTAGE SEMICONDUCTORS Removable power part : 500 kWComplete inverter constructionMODULARITY-Series connections of Cellsfor different voltages-Parallel connections in one Cellfor various power rangesVariable Speed Wind TurbinesWith Medium Voltage AC Synchronous MotorFeatures•Generator DC voltage range from 0V to Vdc max •DC voltage per cell 1000V(1700V silicon)•Vdc Max per Cell 1200V•Number of Cells = Vdc max /Vcell( +1)•Cell Power: Pgen max /Number of Cells •Redundancy of the system (+1)•Cell switched-on time varies from 0% to 100%•Switched-off Cell can produce full reactive power •High efficiency at lower power•Line side ripple frequency=Ncell*Fsw cell •Simple line side transformerSolution for Variable Speed Wind TurbinesSEMIKRON PATENT -German PatentUS Patent –European PatentLow Voltage Diodes used for HV RectifierNew Wind park conceptwith 1kVdc per 1kmOff-Shore Series connection of several windmillsConnecting several windmills in series for DC voltages of 100kV or more; the power converter is on the shore, and the windmills are connected with a single cableSEMIKRON PATENT -Windmill separate voltage ControlWindmill separate voltage ControlMV PM Generator with reactive Power CompensationSK “HVDC Light”Bidirectional Power FlowSK Unidirectional Power Flow; Transmitter and Receiver。