manifestation(s)

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题M: Well, what did you think of Mr. Brokaw’s speech?W: I guess it was OK, but I was often in the dark in more ways than one!Q: What do we learn from the conversation?问题1选项A.The speech was given in the evening.B.The woman didn’t quite understand the speech.C.The woman was somewhat in a dark place.D.The woman couldn’t hear the speech clearly【答案】B【解析】对话中的“in the dark”的引申含义是女士没有听懂演讲，所以B选项正确。

2.单选题The early pioneers had to （）many hardships to settle on the new land.问题1选项A.go along withB.go back onC.go throughD.go into【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。

A选项go along with “赞同，陪同前往，附合”；B选项go back on “违背，背弃”；C选项go through“经历，通过，经受”；D选项go into“进入,研究”。

根据句意“为了在新大陆中定居，早期的拓荒者们需要……重重苦难”，C选项“经历”正确。

3.单选题W: What seems to be the problem?M: Well, I understand the lectures, but I get mixed up when I try to read the book.Q: What does the man mean?问题1选项A.He doesn’t really understand the lectures.B.The book is confusing.C.The lecture is not very clear.D.The book is too difficult for him.【答案】B【解析】根据男士的话“讲课的内容我都理解了，但读书的时候发现又混乱了”可知B选项‘这本书令人困惑。

百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！分类词汇homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous(＜＞ heterogeneous)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainstream 主流主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视 racial/***ual discrimination? discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 (? insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 (＜＞traitor)à patriotic, patriotismnotoriety 恶名 (? notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate 下级下级的＜＞ superiortactics 战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningcompatriot 同胞同胞的 com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的(à punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had ***ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (＜＞ partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制1百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！vogue 时尚 ^ chicbizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 (＜＞ qualitative)contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ~ ethics, ＜＞ unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理 assistant president综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation 台独"independence 台湾当局 Taiwan 台湾同胞 Taiwan stateof Taiwan" authorities compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

make little account of 轻视 make little of 不重视 make love 做爱 make mention of 提到 make merry at another's expense 以取笑别⼈为乐 make merry over 嘲笑 make merry 作乐 make mischief 挑拨离间 make mistake 犯错 make mistakes 犯错 make money 挣钱 make much account of 重视 make much ado 费尽⼒⽓ make much of 重视 make no bones about 毫不犹豫 make no difference 都⼀样 make no difficulty 不反对 make no doubt of 毫不怀疑 make no exceptions 不许有例外 make no mistake 别搞错 make no question of 承认 make no stranger of 热情地对待 make nothing of 不以为意 make of 形成 make off with 逃跑 make off 离开 make one nervous 使某⼈不安 make one tick 激发 make one 参加 make one's abode 居住 make one's adieu 辞⾏ make one's best endeavors 尽⼀切努⼒ make one's bow 正式进⼊ make one's exit 退出 make one's living by 靠……谋⽣ make one's mark 使⾃⼰出名 make one's market 出售存货 make one's own way 成功 make one's peace with ⾔归于好 make one's pitch 定居 make one's point 说服 make one's rounds 巡视 make one's way ⼀路前进 make oneself at home 不要拘束 make oneself known 作⾃我介绍 make oneself scarce 悄悄离开 make oneself understood 表达⾃⼰的意图 make or break 成功或毁灭 make out of 制造 make out one's case 证明⾃⼰有理 make out 做 make out 书写 make over 修改 make peace with 讲和 make place for 让位于 make play ⾏动有效 make possible 使……变成可能 make possible 使。

1.What is language?Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information.“Language is man’s way of communication with his fellow man and. It is language alone which separate him from the lower animals”2.What is linguistics?Generally speaking, linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of language. To be more exact, linguistics studies the general principles upon which languages are constructed and operate as systems of human communication.4.What is lexicology?Lexicology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, structure, formation, meaning and usage. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words.5.What is the Vocabulary?Broadly speaking, all the words in a language together constitute what is known as vocabulary. The term vocabulary usually refers to a complete inventory of the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words and phrases used in the variants of a language, such as dialect, register, terminology, etc. There is a total English vocabulary of more than 1 million.11. What Is a Word?A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能，能独立运用的最小的语言单位。

IV. Chinese Translation of Paragraphs引言中文译文本文“为迷信辩解一二”最初发表在1978年11月20日的《新闻周刊》上。

为了分析迷信这个复杂的话题，戴维斯将其作了分类，然后详细探讨了为何有人会相信法术和机缘。

尽管人们对他划分的四类迷信现象并不陌生，但是很少有人花费心思进行界定。

戴维斯理性地分析了许多人认为是个非理性的话题，对人性提出了一些非常有趣的看法。

1. 在我们当代有关“非理性复兴”的严肃讨论中，迷信并未对理性和科学形成严重挑战。

超心理学、不明飞行物、神奇治疗、超脱禅定法以及所有瞬间彻悟方式都遭人谴责，但是人们对迷信却只有一声哀叹。

难道这是因为我们当中许多人依然受制于它吗？虽然我们不公开承认。

2. 很少有人承认自己迷信，因为那意味着幼稚或愚昧。

但我生活在一个很大的大学里，发现在那些无疑是头脑理性、满腹经纶的学者中间，迷信仍以四种方式大行其道，香火旺盛。

3. 你不知道迷信有四种存在的方式吗？神学家使我们确信它们确实存在。

他们称第一种方式为镇邪压魔，如切忌在梯子下面行走等。

我看到一位知识渊博的人类学教授不小心弄撒了盐后，撮了点盐撒向自己的左肩膀后方。

当我问起他缘故时，他眼睛一眨，回答说那是“用来击中恶魔的眼睛。

”我没有继续问他有关恶魔的迷信，但我留意到在我问他之前，他脸上没有笑容。

4. 第二种是占卜，即求神问卦。

我认识的另一位渊博的教授对抛硬币解决问题（这是对命运之神谦卑的请求方式）嗤之以鼻，但有一回他却认真地告诉我，他通过拜读《易经》解决了一件本校的事务。

为什么不呢？这块大陆上有成千上万的人求助于《易经》，而他们普遍的知识水平很高，似乎不至于盲从迷信。

几乎如此，但并非完全如此。

令理性主义者难堪的,《易经》往往会给出绝佳的忠告。

5. 第三种是盲目崇拜，大学里面这种情况司空见惯，举不胜举。

你如果在大教室里当过监考，就会知道在课桌上放护符、幸运币等其他祈运物件的考生有多少。

Section A Finland Northern Lights The Northern Lights, also known as “Aurora Borealis(北极光)” or the “Dawn of the North”, never fail to take your breath away. The aurora borealis is one of the most sublime(超群的) and magnificent natural phenomena on Earth. Before scientists cracked(侦破) the mystery of the auroras, men were drawn(吸引) and fascinated(强烈地吸引住) by these dancing and magical lights that were often found in mythology(神话) and legends. In Roman Mythology, it is said that the Aurora is the deity(神) of the dawn. In North America, the Inuits (爱斯基摩人)have many legends that explain them as spirits of the dead. They believed that the lights are the essences(精华) of deer, salmon(鲑鱼), seals and other animals that they hunted. Aristotle (亚里斯多德)thought it was glowing air gushing(喷出) from cracks in the sky. The appearance of the red aurora in medieval(中世纪的) times was feared as a bad omen (前兆) or a sign of God's anger. They believed the manifestation (显现)of the aurora indicated famine or war. Charles Hall (查尔斯·霍尔), a 19th-century polar explorer, exclaimed: "Who but God can conceive(想出) such infinite(无穷的) scenes of glory?" Oddly enough, the Maori (毛利人)thought that the displays were just reflections of acampfire(营火) or torches.Regardless whether you believe the scientific facts or the legends behind its existence, you’ll still be captivated(吸住) by these supernatural display of lights, and there are countless destinations where you can see the majestic phenomenon. Finland（芬兰）, for example, should be a representative. Many visitors to Finland come with hopes of seeing the Finland Northern Lights. The best place to see the Northern Lights in Finland is in the northern Lapland region(拉普兰地区), which is almost entirely located within the realm(区域) of the Arctic Circle (北极圈). During the dark winter months here, when the sun rarely peaks(使达到最高峰) its head over the horizon, you can expect to see the Finland Northern Lights with regularity, and other peak(峰值) seasons include February through March and September through October. The time between 6 p.m. and 1 a.m. is the most intense period of the day. The highest probability within this timespan（时间间隔）to see the Finland Northern Lights is between 9 p.m. and 11:30 p.m., though they are certainly not restricted to this time frame. If you have never seen the Northern Lights wherever they commonly occur in the world, then you will be amazed the first time when you lay eyes on them.The Northern Lights are similar to a sunset in the sky at night, but appear occasionally in arcs（弧光）or spirals（螺旋形物）usually following the earth's magnetic（磁性的）field. They are most often light green in color but often have a hint of pink. Swirling(涡旋形的) shades of blue, green, and pink are most common when it comes to the Finland Northern Lights. Strong eruptions also haveviolet(紫罗兰色的) and white colours. Red northern lights are rare, but can sometimes be observed on lower latitudes(纬度).The Finland Aurora Borealis, while best seen in Lapland, can also be witnessed as far south as the capital city of Helsinki(赫尔辛基) from time to time, though on average, there are only some twenty days out of the year when viewing them is possible in most southern parts of the country. Part of the reason why it can be difficult to see the Northern Lights of Finland in Helsinki is because of the fact that it is hard to escape to dimly lit areas. The relative lack of city lights is just one of the reasons why the Lapland region sees some 200 nightly occurrences every year, and one must also consider the region’s northern location. The lower reaches(区域) of the Arctic Circle are ideal for viewing the Northern Lights across the planet, which is why Canada and Alaska are good destinations in the Western Hemisphere(半球).For those who are wondering what causes the Northern Lights in Finland, solar flares(耀斑) are largely responsible. These flares effectively cause solar winds and solar storms, which create lingering(游移的) atmospheric particles or matter. The Aurora Borealis is just caused by these charged(带电的) particles(粒子) ejected(喷出) from the sun. When these particles reach the earth, they collide(碰撞) with gas atoms in the earth's atmosphere causing them to energise( 释放出能量) which results in a spectacular multi-coloured light show. As such(因此), scientists can often accurately predict when the best times are for viewing the Northern Lights in Finland by keeping an eye out for(留心) solar flares. ( 757 words)New Wordsaurora [ɔ:'rɔ:rə] n. 曙光[C]; 极光[C];【罗神】(大写)奥罗拉(即曙光女神)sublime [sə'blaɪm] a. 雄伟的；卓越的；壮丽的；超群的crack [kræk] v. 敲破; 破(案); 破解draw v. 吸引(注意等)fascinate v. 强烈地吸引住mythology [mi'θɔlədʒi] n. 神话deity ['di:iti] n. 神essence ['esns] n. 精髓，精华salmon ['sæmən] n. 鲑，大麻哈鱼gush [gʌʃ] v. 涌出，喷出medieval [medi'i:vəl] a. 中世纪的，中古（时代）的;原始的omen ['əumən] n. 前兆，预兆，兆头manifestation [,mænifes'teiʃən] n. 显现conceive [kən'si:v] v. 想像；想出infinite ['infinit] a. 无穷的，广大无边的campfire ['kæmp,faiə] n. 营火,篝火captivate ['kæptiveit] v. 吸住；迷惑住realm [relm] n.区域，范围peak vt. 使达到最高峰n. 最大量；巅值，峰值timespan n. 时间间隔arc [ɑ:k] n. 弧；弧光spiral ['spairəl] n. 螺旋形物magnetic [mæg'netik] a. 磁(性)的swirling [swə:l] v. (使)打旋; 盘绕violet ['vaiəlit] a. 紫罗兰色的latitude ['lætitju:d] n. 纬度reach n. 区域，领域，范围hemisphere ['hemisfiə] n. 半球flare [flɛə] n. (太阳的)耀斑，色球爆发lingering ['liŋgəriŋ] a. 逗留不去的；游移的charge v. 充(电)particle ['pɑ:tikl] n. 颗粒，微粒；粒子eject [i'dʒekt] v. 喷出collide [kə'laid] v. (车等)碰撞(with)；(意志等)冲突，抵触(with) energise ['enədʒaiz] =energize（美）vt. 供给 ... 能量，使精力充沛vi. 释放出能量Useful Expressionstake one’s breath away 屏息凝神with regularity 经常地be restricted to 局限于lay eyes on 看到，看见a hint of 一丁点儿collide with (车等)碰撞；(意志等)冲突，抵触as such 这样；因此keep an eye out for 留心Proper NamesAurora Borealis 北极光the Inuit 因纽特人；爱斯基摩人Aristotle 亚里斯多德Charles Hall 查尔斯霍尔Maori 毛利人；毛利语Finland 芬兰Lapland region 拉普兰地区Arctic Circle 北极圈(北纬66度33分以北区域)Helsinki 赫尔辛基(芬兰首都)Notes1.Aurora Borealis: 北极光--- "北端的光"由太阳风和地球磁场及上层大气交互作用产生。

单词速记学习法第46组recycle怎么读英[ˌri:ˈsaɪkl]美[riˈsaɪkəl]是什么意思vt.回收利用；使再循环；vi.重复利用；变形过去式：recycled过去分词：recycled现在分词：recycling第三人称单数：recycles 双语释义v.(动词)1.vt. 回收利用 treat (a substance that has already been used) so that it is fit to use again英英释义recycle[ ,ri:'saikl ]•v.o cause to repeat a cycleo use again after processing"We must recycle the cardboard boxes"同义词：reprocessreuse学习怎么用词组短语recycle bin回收站；资源回收筒recycle gas回注气，循环气双语例句用作及物动词(vt.)1.We should try to recycle all our waste paper.我们应该把所有废纸回收再利用。

2.One thing you can't recycle is wasted time.唯一无法回收利用的是你浪费掉的时间。

3.We should recycle the used things.我们应回收利用旧东西。

4.We must recycle the cardboard boxes.我们必须循环使用纸盒子。

5.We should recycle garbage, not burn it.我们应该循环利用垃圾，而不是焚烧。

6.We should recycle glass from old bottles.我们要利用旧瓶再制玻璃。

7.The industry is recycling paper.这个工厂正在再制纸。

Unit 1 A Class Act2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1). Johnny is so ingenious (ingenuity) — he can make the most remarkable sculptures from the most ordinary materials.2). So what is his prescription (prescribe) for success?3). I cannot allow any relaxation (relax) of the rules.4). All pupils are expected to attend the school assembly (assemble).5). She has the most adorable (adore) two-year-old daughter.6). To the mortification (mortify) of the show’s organizers, t he top performers withdrew at the last minute.7). She was wearing a black suit trimmed (trim) with white.8). I didn’t know what to say — I just offered a few words of consolation (console).9). I didn’t want to lose my composure (compose) in front of her.10). She looked a bit dejected (dejection) when she was told that she hadn’t got the job.3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.drag into | speak up for | rife with | of one’s own accordration out | single out | trudge through | beside oneselfin place | on the warpath | see through | comply with1). The office was rife with rumors.2). Ann rationed out the cake between the children.3). The arrangements are all in place for the concert next Thursday.4). There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.5). The course would take me three years to complete, but I was determined to see it through.6). She has often spoken up for the rights of working mothers.7). If there was one thing she couldn’t face in the morning it was her mother on the warpath.8). He was beside himself with grief when she died.9). Don’t drag me into your argument! It has nothing to do with me.10). I spent the whole weekend trudging through this report, and I still haven’t finished reading it.11). She came of her own accord. No one asked her to come.12). It’s not fair the way my sister is always singled out for special treatment.IV. Translation1).这家公司是由几名有事业心的年轻人创立的。

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-5词汇及课后答案unit 5NamingWord Bank(academy->) academic: n. 学者/ adj. 学术性someone who looks at things in an academic way学者；The Police Academy；academic conference学术年会aesthetic: adj. 美学的(aesthetics: n. 美学) of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste美学的，审美的(bad taste->tasteless) [sex<->sexy](audio-: 与听力有关) audit: n. an examination of records or financial accounts to check their (accurate->) accuracy审计ballet (Italian): n. a classical dance form characterized by grace and precision芭蕾舞(bost->boster) boom: v. to grow or develop rapidly; flourish/ thrive/ prosper快速发展(burglar->) burglary: n. the act of entering a building or other premises with the intent to commit (thief->) theft入室盗窃(calculate->calculator->) calculus: n. the branch of mathematics that deals with limits and the (different->differentiate->) differentiation and integration of functions of one or more variables微积分commit: v. to do, perform, or perpetrate做，实行或犯罪; ~ a crime犯罪/ ~ suicide自杀(pesticide杀虫剂); spend the committed time花够所需的时间(detect->) detective: n. sb. who investigates crimes and obtains evidence or information 侦探; private ~私家侦探disparity (gap/ difference): n. the condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree; difference不等，差距(distinct->distinctive-) distinctively: adv. distinguishingly特殊地fake: （1）n./ （2）adj. having a false or misleading appearance; fraudulent假的hitch: v. t o connect or attach连住; hitchhike搭便车；attachment附件intrigue: v. to arouse the interest or (curious->好奇的) curiosity of激起…的兴趣或好奇心manifest: adj. obvious明显的; Manifesto共产党宣言; manual labo(u)r体力劳动marquee: n. a large tent with open sides, used chiefly for outdoor (enter->entertain给人以娱乐->）entertainment大帐篷mayhem: n. the offense of willfully maiming or (crippled=disabled残疾的) crippling a person身体伤害罪[mis-:(1)wrong; (2)bad->] misdeed: n. a wrong or illegal deed (行为); a wrongdoing 违法行为noteworthy: adj. notable值得注意的obsessive: adj. of, relating to, characteristic of, or causing an obsession着迷的(offend->offense->offensive: offensive talk) offender: n. one (sb.) that offends, especially one that breaks a public law违法者outrageous: adj. being well beyond the bounds (limits) of good taste蛮横的, 残暴的, 无耻的, 可恶的, 令人不可容忍的; 勃然大怒perceive: v. to achieve understanding of apprehend (comprehend)理解(proliferate->) proliferation: n. a rapid increase or spreading激增prosper (->prosperous-> prosperous-looking很成功的样子): v. to be fortunate orsuccessful, especially in terms of one's finances; thrive繁荣，成功(sume=get) resume: n. a brief written account of educational and professional qualifications and experience学术简历(segregate->) segregation: n. the act or process of segregating or the condition of being segregated隔离; discriminate->discrimination歧视sergeant: n. the rank of police officer next below a captain, lieutenant (陆军中尉, 海军上尉), or inspector警官sheer: adj. completely such, without qualification or exception纯粹，完全的; sheer luck 纯粹是运气好[solid: (1)固体;(2) 牢固的;(3)孤独的] solidarity: n. fellowship of responsibilities and interests团结，一致; solidary bee独蜂starkly: adv. completely or utterly; extremely完全地（tempt：引诱+ tress一绺头发->）temptress: n. an (allure引诱) alluring, (witch->) bewitching woman诱惑男人的女人; (wise->wiz->) wizard巫婆神汉/ 向导; witch try [past: (1)adj. e.g. in the ~ few days; (2) preposition, e.g. He went past my window.] (tres-: across) trespass: v. to commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err (err<->error不懂而出错<->mistake懂但不小心出错) 违法或犯罪; [crime<->sin] Some people prefer to call errors mistakes.不懂装懂。

拔高核心词汇养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

一、核心名词1.abundance /ə'bʌndəns/ n.丰富2.absorption /əb'sɔ:pʃn/ n. 吸收，专注（in)3.abbreviation /əˌbri:vi'eiʃn/ n.节略，缩写，缩短4.hospitality /ˌhɒspi'tæləti/ n.友好，好客5.pastime /'pɑ:staim/ n. 消遣，娱乐6.revenue /'revənju:/ n. 受益；（政府的）财政收入，税收;收入7.routine /ru:'ti:n/ n.常规，惯例，例行公事8.scorn /skɔ:n/ n. 轻蔑，鄙视9.shortage /'ʃɔ:tidʒ/ n. 短缺，不足10.smash /smæʃ/ n. 打碎，粉碎11.stability /stə'biləti/ n.稳定(性)，稳固12.approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ n. 方法，途径，接近vt.接近，着手处理vi. 靠近13.standard /'stændəd/ n. 标准14.survival /sə'vaivl/ n. 幸存，幸存者，残存物15.temperament /'temprəmənt/ n. 气质，性格16.threshold /'θreʃhəʊld/ n.开端，入口；门槛；门口17.tolerance /'tɒlərəns/ n. 容忍，忍耐力18.transaction /træn'zækʃn/ n.处理，办理，交易19.trend /trend/ n. 倾向，趋势20.transition /træn'ziʃn/ n. 过渡，转变21.variation /ˌveəri'eiʃn/ n. 变化，变动22.warehouse /'weəhaʊs/ n. 货仓；仓库munity /kə'mju:nəti/ n. 社区，（生态）群落，共同体，团体24.access /'ækses/ n. 入口，通路，接触25.accommodation /əˌkɒmə'deiʃn/ n. 住宿，调节，和解26.acknowledgment /ək'nɒlidʒmənt/ n. 承认，感谢，致谢27.pattern /'pætn/ n. 模式；图案28.penalty /'penəlti/ n. 制裁，惩罚29.pension /'penʃn/ n. 养老金30.personality /ˌpɜ:sə'næləti/ n. 人格，人性31.pledge /pledʒ/ n. 保证，誓言32.position /pə'ziʃn/ n. 位置，职位，职务33.predecessor /'pri:disesə(r)/ n. 前任，原有的事物34.premise /'premis/ n. 前提，假设35.prescription /pri'skripʃn/ n. 处方36.preservation /ˌprezə'veiʃn/ n. 保护，防护37.prestige /pre'sti:ʒ/ n. 威信，威望38.priority /prai'ɒrəti/ n. 优先(权)39.prospect /'prɒspekt/ n. 前景，可能性40.rate /reit/ n. 速度v. 评价，评估41.ration /'ræʃn/ n. 定量，配给量42.reflection /ri'flekʃn/ n. 反映，表现43.recession /ri'seʃn/ n. (经济)衰退，不景气44.reputation /ˌrepju'teiʃn/ n. 名声，声望45.reservation /ˌrezə'veiʃn/ n. 贮存，贮藏，预订46.illusion /i'lu:ʒn/ n. 错觉，假象47.ingredient /in'gri:diənt/ n. 成分; (烹调的)原料；（成功的）因素，要素48.insight /'insait/ n. 理解，洞察力49.inspection /in'spekʃn/ n.检查，视察50.instinct /'instiŋkt/ n.本能，直觉51.integrity /in'tegrəti/ n. 正直，诚实52.intuition /ˌintju'iʃn/ n. 直觉53.lease /li:s/ n. 租约，契约54.legislation /ˌledʒis'leiʃn/ n. 立法，法律制定55.limitation /ˌlimi'teiʃn/ n. 局限性56.loyalty /'lɔiəlti/ n. 忠诚，忠心57.luxury /'lʌkʃəri/ n. 奢侈，豪华58.manifestation /ˌmænife'steiʃn/ n. 表现(形式)59.mechanism /'mekənizəm/ n. 机械装置；机制60.minority /mai'nɒrəti/ n. 少数；少数人；少数民族61.misfortune /ˌmis'fɔ:tʃu:n/ n. 不幸，灾难62.morality /mə'ræləti/ n.道德，美德63.notion /'nəʊʃn/ n. 概念，观念，理解64.obligation /ˌɒbli'geiʃn/ n.(法律上或道义上)责任65.occasion /ə'keiʒn/ n. 场合；适当的机会，时机；理由，原因66.opponent /ə'pəʊnənt/ n.敌人，对手67.ornament /'ɔ:nəmənt/ n. 装饰，装饰品68.admiration /ˌædmə'reiʃn/ n.欣赏；赞赏；钦佩69.advocate /'ædvəkeit/ n. 提倡者，拥护者v.拥护；支持；提倡70.allowance /ə'laʊəns/ n.津贴；零用钱；限额；定量71.ambition /æm'biʃn/ n. 野心，雄心，志向72.analogy /ə'nælədʒi/ n. 相似，类比73.anticipation /ænˌtisi'peiʃn/ n. 预期，期望74.appreciation /əˌpri:ʃi'eiʃn/ n. 感激; 欣赏；资产价值的增长;(对某事物价值或重要性的)认识、理解75.array /ə'rei/ n.陈列，一系列76.assurance /ə'ʃʊərəns/ n. 保证，确信;自信77.multivitamin /ˌmʌlti'vitəmin/ adj. 多种维他命的n. 多种维他命剂78.blunder /'blʌndə(r)/ n.错误，大错79.budget /'bʌdʒit/ n. 预算80.capability /ˌkeipə'biləti/ n. 能力，才能81.cash /kæʃ/ n. 现金82.circulation /ˌsɜ:kjə'leiʃn/ n. 流通，传播，发行量mitment /kə'mitmənt/ n. 承诺，许诺;投入；奉献；致力pensation /ˌkɒmpen'seiʃn/ n. 补偿，赔偿85.consideration /kənˌsidə'reiʃn/ n. 考虑86.distinction /di'stiŋkʃn/ n. 区分，辨别87.emergency /i'mɜ:dʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况88.encouragement /in'kʌridʒmənt/ n. 鼓励89.essence /'esns/ n. 本质90.estimate /'estimət/ n. 估计91.expenditure / ik'spenditʃə(r) / n. 开支92.extinction /ik'stiŋkʃn/ n. 消失，消灭，灭绝93.quality/'k wɒləti / n. 质量，（统计）品质，特性，才能94.flaw /flɔ:/ n. 裂纹，瑕疵95.fortune /'fɔ:tʃu:n/ n.财产，大笔的钱96.fraction /'frækʃn/ n. 小部分，一点97.symptom/'simptəm/ n.（临床）症状，征兆98.guarantee /ˌgærən'ti:/ n. 保修单99.guilt /gilt/ n. 犯罪100.harmony /'hɑ:məni/ n.协调，一致，和谐101 .commentary /'kɒməntri/n.评论；解说；实况解说二、核心形容词1.accessory /ək'sesəri/ n. 配件，附件adj.附属的2.absurd /əb'sɜ:d/ adj.不合理的，荒唐的3.abstract /'æbstrækt/ n. 摘要vt. 摘要，提取adj.抽象的4.absent /'æbsənt/ adj.缺席的,不在场的，心不在焉的5.abnormal /æb'nɔ:ml/ adj.不正常的6.abundant /ə'bʌndənt/ adj.丰富的7.acute /ə'kju:t/ adj.敏锐的，锋利的8.aggressive /ə'gresiv/ adj.侵略的，好斗的，有进取心的9.ambiguous /æm'bigjuəs/ adj.模棱两可的，模糊的10.ambitious /æm'biʃəs/ adj.有雄心的，有抱负的11.appropriate /ə'prəʊpriət/ adj.合适的，恰当的vt.占用，拨出12.authentic /ɔ:'θentik/ adj.可靠的，可信的13.average /'ævəridʒ/ adj.平均的，一般的14.barren /'bærən/ adj.贫瘠的，不毛的15.bound /baʊnd/ adj. 被束缚的; 一定的16.chronic /'krɒnik/ adj.慢性的;长期的pact /kəm'pækt/ adj. 紧凑的，小巧的petitive /kəm'petətiv/ adj.竞争性的，具有竞争力的pulsory /kəm'pʌlsəri/ adj.强制的，义务的，必须的20.confidential /ˌkɒnfi'denʃl/ adj. 机紧的，秘密的21.conservative /kən'sɜ:vətiv/ adj. 保守的，传统的22.consistent /kən'sistənt/ adj. adj. 一致的，始终如一的23.conspicuous /kən'spikjuəs/ adj. 显而易见的，引人注目的24.crucial /'kru:ʃl/adj. 关键的，决定性的25.current /'kʌrənt/ adj. 当前的，现在的26.decent /'di:snt/ adj. 体面的，得体的；相当好的27.delicate /'delikət/adj. 精致的，微妙的；脆弱的28.destructive /di'strʌktiv/ adj. 毁灭的29.economic /ˌi:kə'nɒmik/ adj. 经济的30.elegant /'eligənt/ adj.优雅的，优美的，精致的31.embarrassing /im'bærəsiŋ/ adj. 令人尴尬的32.energetic /ˌenə'dʒetik/ adj. 精力充沛的;，活力四射的33.equivalent /i'kwivələnt/ adj. adj. 相等的，等同的，等价的34.eternal /i'tɜ:nl/adj. 永恒的，永久的35.exclusive /ik'sklu:siv/ adj.独家的，独占的，专有的36.extinct /ik'stiŋkt/ adj.灭绝的37.fake /feik/ adj. 假的，冒充的, 伪造的38.fatal /'feitl/ adj. 致命的，致死的39.feasible /'fi:zəbl/ adj. 可行的；实际的40.feeble /'fi:bl/ adj. 虚弱的，无力的41.gloomy /'glu:mi/ adj. adj. 阴暗的，忧郁的42.individual/ˌindi'vidʒuəl/ adj. 个人的，个别的，独特的 n. 个人，个体43.identical /ai'dentikl/ adj. 相同的，一样的44.imaginative /i'mædʒinətiv/adj. 富有想象力的，创意的45.inaccessible /ˌinæk'sesəbl/adj. 难以达到的，不可接近的46.inadequate /in'ædikwət/adj. 不足的，不充分的47.incredible /in'kredəbl/adj. 难以置信的，不可思议的48.indifferent/in'difrən t/ adj. 不关心的，冷漠的49.indignant /in'dignənt/adj. 愤慨的，愤怒的50.infectious /in'fekʃəs/adj. 传染性的，有感染力的51.inferior /in'fiəriə(r)/ adj.劣质的，次等的；地位较低的52.inherent /in'hiərənt/adj. 固有的，内在的53.inspirational /ˌinspə'reiʃənl/ adj.启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的54.intent /in'tent/ adj. 专心的，专注的55.intricate /'intrikət/ adj. 复杂精细的，错综复杂的56.intrinsic /in'trinsik/ adj. 本质的，内在的57.irreplaceable /ˌiri'pleisəbl/ adj.无法替代的，独一无二的58. massive /'mæsiv/ adj. adj. 巨大的，庞大的59.literal /'litərəl/ adj.逐字的，字面的60.merciful /'mɜ:sifl/ adj. 仁慈的，宽容的61.negligible /'neglidʒəbl/ adj.微不足道的，可以忽略的62.mobile /'məʊbail/ adj. 移动的，可移动的63.naive /nai'i:v/ adj.天真的，幼稚的64.notorious /nəʊ'tɔ:riəs/ adj.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的65.obedient /ə'bi:diənt/ adj.服从的，顺从的，听话的66.obscure /əb'skjʊə(r)/ adj. 费解的；鲜为人知的v.使模糊；使晦涩；使费解67.optimistic /ˌɒpti'mistik/ adj. 乐观的，积极向上的68.original /ə'ridʒənl/adj. 最初的，原始的；原创的；独创的，新颖的n.原著；原文；原件69.pathetic /pə'θetik/ adj.可怜的；可悲的；令人怜惜的70 .persistent /pə'sistənt/ adj. 坚持不懈的71 potential /pə'tenʃl/ adj. 可能的，潜在的72.prevalent /'prevələnt/ adj. 普遍的，流行的73.primitive /'primətiv/ adj. 原始的，早期的74.proficient /prə'fiʃnt/ adj. 熟练的，精通的75.profound /prə'faʊnd/ adj. 深刻的，深远的76.prominent /'prɒminənt/ adj. 突出的，显著的77.prompt /prɒmpt/ adj.立即的，迅速的；v. 促使；导致；激起; 鼓励，提示，提醒n. 提词，提示；（计算机的）提示符78.raw /rɔ:/ adj. 生的，未加工的79.relevant /'reləvənt/ adj. 相关的，切题的80.respectable /ri'spektəbl/ adj. 可尊敬的；体面的81.rewarding /ri'wɔ:diŋ/ adj. 值得的；有回报的82.rough /rʌf/ adj. 粗略的，粗糙的83.rude /ru:d/ adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的84.sensitive /'sensətiv/ adj. 敏感的，灵敏的85.sheer /ʃiə(r)/ adj. 完全的，纯粹的86.shrewd /ʃru:d/ adj. 精明的，机敏的87.stationary /'steiʃənri/ adj. 固定的，静止的88.subordinate /sə'bɔ:dinət/ adj. 次要的，从属的89.subtle /'sʌtl/ adj. 微妙的，细微的90.superficial /ˌsu:pə'fiʃl/ adj.肤浅的，表面的91.suspicious /sə'spiʃəs/ adj. 可疑的，怀疑的92.tedious /'ti:diəs/ adj. 乏味的；单调的；93.trivial /'triviəl/ adj. 琐碎的，不重要的94.turbulent /'tɜ:bjələnt/ adj. 动荡的，汹涌的95.underlying /ˌʌndə'laiiŋ/ adj. 潜在的，根本的；隐含的96.versatile /'vɜ:sətail/ adj. 多才多艺的，多用途的97.vivid /'vivid/ adj. 生动的，栩栩如生的98.void /vɔid/ adj. 无效的，空虚的99.vulnerable /'vʌlnərəbl/ adj. 易受伤害的，脆弱的100.worth /wɜ:θ/ adj. 值得的，有价值的对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。

英语短文英语短文：八位文学巨匠的临终遗言英语短文：We select some of literature’s most memorable farewells, from Byron to James Joyce.我们挑选出一些文学界最令人难忘的临别之言，从拜伦到詹姆斯·乔伊斯。

“Come, come, no weakness; let’s be a man to the last!”“来吧，来吧，别软弱。

让我们像男子汉一样死去！”——LORD BYRON (拜伦勋爵)Byron was attended by two young doctors on his death bed in Missolonghi. Faced with the terrible problem of treating a world-famous figure for an illness which neither knew anything about, they fell back on the usual treatment of the time—to bleed the patient and so reduce his fever. Byron resisted, saying that there had been “more deaths by lancetthan by the lance”, but gave in when warned that the disease could “deprive him of reason”. The weakened poet sank into unconsciousness and died under his terrified doctors’ hands.拜伦临终前在迈索隆吉翁，由两位年轻医生在他的病榻边照料。

他们面临着一个棘手的问题：要诊治一位世界闻名的大人物，但却对他所患的病一无所知。

【】文稿整理自中央电视台国际频道的《今日话题》”对话”频道。

从该节目中擷取最精彩的片段进行加工整理，在浓缩其中智慧的同时也保持了其原本的口语特色，使你如同亲耳聆听他们的谈话。

——：：逸云整理[摘自《英语学习》2005年第5期]》》》READING TASKS：1．阅读下面访谈，以符号”》》》”为节点，根据其内容设计检测读者阅读理解程度的问题。

2．根据文中所附思维导图示例，试着画出本访谈中谈及的TEFCAS的思维导图。

3．根据本访谈所谈思维导图的运用，思考如何在英语（和/或其他学科中）学习复习中运用Mindmapping整理笔记，在作文中如何运用其整理思路和结构提纲，提高学习效率的方法。

4．根据访谈内容，回答与内容理解的相关问题。

5．[Optional]基于本访谈，试着缩写本文成为一篇短文，介绍Mindmapping。

Mindmapping——Human Brain Potential思维导图——引爆大脑潜能B: Tony Buzan, author and inventor of Mind MapsL: You are famous for your services of mapping the mind. Could you tell us exactly what this entail s (需要)?B: It entails basically the history that started when I was a little boy taking notes at school and I found the process very boring, very unproductive. And by the time I was at the university I was taking more and more linear (直线的)notes, getting more and more bored, and getting worse and worse marks. And I suddenly thought something was wrong. So I went to the library and said to the librarian, “I need a book on how to use my brain.” And the librarian said to me, “Mr. Buzan, the medical section is over there.” And I said, “ I d on’t want to operate on this (my brain). I want to know how to use it.” And she said, “Oh, there’re no books on that,” dismissing my question. How interesting! No books on how to use the brain!” So I began to study it. And I realized that when I was taking notes instinctively (本能地), I would und erline the key words. And when exams loom ed(逼近) I would get desperate, und erline more, and then take those few words and put them on a single page. And then I noticed that there were key key words, and there were also key key key words. So I used to d ouble und erline those and put them into littl e boxes. And then I realized they need connections, so I drew lines and arrows to show the associations between them. And then I realized that of course the picture is worth a thousand words. So I put them in diagrams (图形) and codes(编号，标记). And in front of me evolve d (使逐渐形成)a picture outsid e my head on the page of what was inside my head. And that was the evolution of “mind maps”. It’s how I invented them over a number of years.L: And this is a strategy that you advocate by which people learn?B:Yes. It’s a tool. It’s a manifestation(显现)of the way the brain thinks. Not only do I advocate... I actually plead (恳求) with people, “Pl ease learn to use the brain,” because ourbrains d o not primarily think with words. We listen with words. But when I say to you, “apple,” I guess you d on’t get a little printout in your head, “a-p-p-l-e — a fruit”. You get a little image with the associations. We think in that way. If you use my map to remember, you might realize that it will help youorganize and think creatively. So it’sthinking tool that reflects the way in whichthe brain works. We as human beings d on’tspeak English as a primary language,Chinese as a primary language, or Spanishas a primary language, we speak thelanguage of association and imagination, innetworks. And that’s how we und erstandeach other. And the local language issimply a subroutine(子程序)that we use tohelp us dialogue.1 》》》L: I und erstand that you have advised governments and companies on how to maximize their empl oyees’potential. How would you advise someone to do that on a day-to-day basis?B: What I would say to anyone in any company anywhere is that the greatest capital you have is the human capital (人力资本). It is the intell ectual capital in the minds of all the people who work for you.L: That’s absolutely true. But how d o you d evelop these human resources?B: First of all, you have to find out where the brains arc function ing at the moment. You have to find out what people’s mod e of creativity is, how their memory is functioning, how their multiple intelligences are d eveloped at that stage. And then you have to simply teach them to learn how to l earn, how to think, how to remember and how to create.L: And this is the same with everybody?B:Fundamentally it’s the same. We all remember in the same way. If you look at the histories of the great cultures, they all d eveloped memory systems. No matter where they were on the planet, no matter where they were in history, no matter whether they were male or female d eveloping it or practicing it, the systems were always the same, in their own language of course. They all utilize two main skills, the ability to imagine and the ability to associate or connect. Let me give you a simple little exampl e. Many people may have experienced something like this. You drive your car. You park it. You go about your social, your cultural, your whatever event it is. You finish your event, you come back, and you forget where you parked the car. Ninety-five percent of the peopl e who drive cars have l ost their own car.L:That has definitely happened to me, and more than once. Now what should I do inorder that I will never l ose it again?B: If you think about it, how can anyone lose a car? A four-ton object, which belongs to them, and they drove it, they parked it, they locked it, and they lost it! Now, the fact is that the two words I mentioned, imagination and association, are the basis of the mind maps. Think about it, when you were locking the cardoor, what was the image in your head?L: Probably what I’m d oing, and my d estination.B: Precisely. You were afraid that you would l ose thedestination, not the car. Did you take time to check theenvironment and associate your car within it?L:No. If I had the time, I would have rememberedeverything.B: Well, if time were all the essence, you would have taken that fraction of a second —that’s all it takes — to memorize it and locate it. How much time did you waste when you lost it? Hours. So a coupl e of seconds versus hours. If you remember things, you save time. Forgetting takes a lot of time. If you d on’t imagine or associate, you are going to spend a lot of time trying to find all these things like cars, keys, ... all the things we lose.2 》》》L: (Showing a mind map from Mind Maps) This is one of your mind maps. Apparently this is the one, for success. Could you explain to us how this map works?B: Yes. Mind maps always work from an image in the center. So for this map you’ve got a success image in the center. Each one of the main branches on a mind map is like the chapter heading in a book. For example, you have here “brain.” Now if you are going to be successful, you have to use your brain particularly well. The brain is, in fact, a success mechanism d esigned to succeed as long as we know how to d o it. And this branch down here talks about the success formula, which is TEFCAS. And what that basically says is that to learn anything and be successful you have to Try, there will always be an Event, your brain and body will give you Feedback on the event, you then Check that, you then Adjust, and you adjust toward Success. Occasionally you make mistakes on the way, but that’s OK, because the feedback is helping you learn from that. So the mind map is actually d esigned to give you this picture of all the key words.L:And for us we need to absorb this map and make our own connections and associations with it. And then we’ll have our own secret of success.B: Precisely. So the mind map is a thinking tool d esigned on the basis of the language of the brain. Your language, my language, all languages are primarily images, multi-sensory connections and maps of thought.L: How much of these mind maps is from human experience, and how much is scientific, because the brain, I would presume, is a very scientific, mechanical organism?B:Manipulating the brain is the main thing that each one of us d oes.L: Do we manipulate (有技巧地使用) the brain or do we use the brain?B: Both. And hopefully we d o it well. But you can manipulate and use your brain badly. For exampl e, if you think that taking notes in lines and sentences and one col or is a good id ea, you’ll then d o that. You’ll think they are neat and organized and structured and good, and you’ll keep making them. So you’re using your brain in a way that you think is good. If you don’t know that it works by images and with these multiple connections, you’ll actually be, as I was when I was a stud ent,destroying the brain’s ability toremember and think. You are merelygiving it single words and long lines inone color, and the col or is blue or black.And blue or black is a monotonous(单调的) color. And that is boring. And let meask what your personal brain d oes whenyou are bored.L: Well, I drift (漂移,注意力分散).B: And so d oes everybody. It switches off,shuts d own, and goes to sleep. That’swhat we tend to d o. Note-taking like thatdoes that to us.3 》》》L: The brain, to me at least, works in mysterious ways. With these notes, even though I don’t remember what I was d oing when I was in the class taking them, when I go back to review them, I tend to remember them much easier than had I not been in the class taking the notes. So the mind was subconsciously scan ning the information. And speaking of driving, I sometimes found myself at a destination without remembering how I drove there. But the mind was on autopilot (自动驾驶) and it took me there.B: Those phenomena show that the brain is miraculous. But if you take notes like a mind map, which actually engages you at the time in working out connections, putting in color and doing littl e images and cod es, you’ll get the whole picture while getting d etails. Your brain is totally engaged.And interestingly, you don’t need the notes after that. It’s like there’s a screen insid e your head and the mind map is there, because it’s the brain’s own language. In a university experiment, when they had brain scans of peopl e using images and associations, more of the brain cells actually were engaged. Every human being has millions of brain cells and each one is more powerful than a computer. If you consider the brain as a giant palace, most people have one little light bulb on in one room of the basement. And what we are going to d o is to learn how to turn on the switches and the whole thing lights up. And a Lond on University study shows that people using imagination and association had this kind of enlightened brain. More of cells said, “Yes,we’ll come and help!”Their memory was better, their learning was better, and their stress levels were less, because everything was working as the brain was designed to work.L: But how can I get more of my brain cells to work?B: First of all, you’ve got to make a hobby of your brain. For exampl e, you can start to read books on creativity and innovation and memory and multiple intelligences, attend seminars, get on the web... There’s a wond erful website called “worldmemorychallenge. com”where you can go in and get your memory checked. If you take a series of tests, your performance will improve. So you make a hobby of your brain and get those brain cells come to your aid when you need their help. Another nice thing you can do is to daydream. Daydream is supposed to be really bad. But in the headquarters of the Latin American Coca Cola Company, they have suddenly realized that the big thinking actually happens when you’re relaxed and daydreaming. Everybody can think about this: where am I when I sud d enly have those burst of wond erful ideas, those sudden memories that come flood ing back, those solutions to probl ems that I’ve been working on for a long time, those wond erful fantasies... what kind of physical situation I’m in? People say in the bath, in the shower, long-distance drive in the car as you were saying on autopilot, lying in nature or walking in nature, in bed, ... basically when you are relaxed and fundamentally in solitud e. So in Coca Cola the boss has gone around and said, “If I come around and see you in your office with your feet up on your desk, I will reward you, because it means you are thinking.”L:Well, that’s very innovative. But I’m afraid not all daydreaming comes to something creative.B: Yes, absolutely. It d epends on the way you daydream. If you just hang around and day dream rand omly, it goes nowhere in particular. But if you are dreaming about solutions to the probl ems of the universe as Albert Einstein was, or dreaming about lighting the planet at night as Thomas Edison was, then you direct everything towards that goal, that vision, that dream, so it’s a matter of directing the daydreams. And Einstein was expelled from school for... guess what? Daydreaming!L: So the formula is to train your memory and your imagination, and allow yourself the leisure of daydreaming but focus those dreams.B: And the other thing is “Healthy mind, healthy body.” If you are healthy, then your brain is healthy. If you are thinking well, then your body is healthy. And it’s a very simple, mechanical process. If you are healthy your heart is bigger. If your heart is bigger, it pumps more blood around your whole body. Twenty to forty percent of the blood every single beat of your heart pumps goes straight to your brain. ::4 》》》【REFERENCE】/wiki/Mind_mapA mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information. A mind map is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank landscape page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are ad ded. Major ideas are connected directly to the central concept, and other ideas branch out from those.Mind maps are considered to be a type of spider diagram. Mind maps can be drawn by hand, either as “rough notes” during a l ecture, meeting or planning session, for exampl e, or as higher quality pictures when more time is availabl e.Although the term “mind map”was first popularized by British popular psychol ogy author and television personality Tony Buzan, the use of diagrams that visually “map”information using branching and radial maps traces back centuries. These pictorial methods record knowledge and model systems, and have a l ong history in learning, brainstorming, memory, visual thinking, and problem solving by educators, engineers, psychol ogists, and others.Mind maps can be used to generate, visualize, structure, and classify id eas, and as an aid to studying and organizing information, solving problems, making decisions, and writing.◆设计检测读者阅读理解程度的问题◆谈及的TEFCAS的思维导图■Reading-based Questions & Answers:1. How do “mind maps” evolve into their today’s form?2. What do we as people speak in truth according to Buzan?3. What suggestions d oes Buzan give to d evelop human resources (intellectual capital)?4. What d o peopl e all have in common when it comes to d eveloping memory systems?5. How is the mind map d efined by Buzan?6. What the difference between manipulating the brain and using it?7. Why d on’t you need to take notes in the traditional sense when you are able to use the mind map?8. Based on what Buzan suggests in the final part of the interview, how can you get more of your brain cells to work?9. How to make better use of daydreaming according to Buzan?◆▷根据访谈内容，回答下列问题：1. How do “mind maps” evolve into their today’s form?2. What do we as people speak in truth according to Buzan?3. What suggestions d oes Buzan give to d evelop human resources (intellectual capital)?4. What d o peopl e all have in common when it comes to d eveloping memory systems?5. How is the mind map d efined by Buzan?6. What the difference between manipulating the brain and using it?7. Why d on’t you need to take notes in the traditional sense when you are able to use the mind map?8. Based on what Buzan suggests in the final part of the interview, how can you get more of your brain cells to work?9. How to make better use of daydreaming according to Buzan?★Writing Task。

UNIT 1 Low-Carbon Economy2. Vocabulary(1) adverse (2) stark (3) inflict (4) systematically (5) triggered(6)improvident (7) incurred (8) alternative (9) lost out on (10) settled onB C A D B C A D C D3. Cloze(1) embraced (2) sped up (3) running out (4) urgency(5) initiative (6) specific (7) designated (8) contribute(9) incorporate (10) hampering (11) reward (12) involved(13) adverse (14) adaptive (15) vulnerability (16) alternative(17) context (18) due to (19) compensation (20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-the-art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so-called climate-sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。

Design features（定义特征）:the distinctive features of human language that essentially make human language distinguishablefrom languages of animals.Synchronic（共时的）:said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical “point” in time.Diachronic（历时的）:said of the study of development of language and languages over time.Prescriptive（规定式）:to make an authoritarian statement about the correctness of a particular use of language.Descriptive（描写式）:to make an objective and systematic account of the patterns and use of a language or variety.Competence（语言能力）:unconscious knowledge of the system of grammatical rules in a language.对于一门语言的语法规则系统的无意识获得的知识。

Performance（语言运用）:the language actually used by people in speaking or writing.人们说话写作时实际使用的语言。

Langue（语言）:the language system shared by a “speech community”．一个“语言社团”共有的语言系统。

区分manifest, demo...区分manifest, demonstrate, indicate, illustrate, explainmanifest, demonstrate, indicate, illustrate, explainmanifest(书⾯语)v.表明,清楚显⽰(尤指情感、态度或品质)；显现,使⼈注意到adj.明显的,显⽽易见的【搭配】Her admiration of Adam was manifested in her expressions.她对亚当的钦佩溢于⾔表。

The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.⼗天后,这种病的症状显现出来。

The feeling of depression she exudes is manifest in her writing.她在作品中流露出的消沉情绪⾮常明显。

His happiness was manifest to all of us.我们所有⼈都明显感受到了他的幸福。

【同根词】manifestation n.显⽰,表明；显现manifesto n.宣⾔demonstrate v.证明,证实,说明；表达,表露,表现；⽰范,演⽰；游⾏⽰威【搭配】My final success demonstrated the correctness of my father’s initial analysis.我最后的成功证明了我⽗亲最初分析的正确性。

You need to demonstrate more self-control.你应该表现出更多的⾃制⼒。

The teacher demonstratedthe experiment to the class.⽼师给同学们演⽰了这个实验。

【同根词】demonstration n.证明,证实；表达,表露；⽰范,演⽰；游⾏⽰威demonstrative adj.感情外露的；指⽰的demonstrator n.⽰威者；演⽰者indicate v.表明,显⽰；象征,暗⽰；⽰意,间接提及；显⽰(信息),标明【搭配】John’s hesitation indicateshis unwillingness.约翰的犹豫不决表明了他的不情愿。

manifests固定用法Manifestation is the act of bringing something into reality through thought, belief, and action. The concept of manifestation has gained popularity in recent years due to its association with the Law of Attraction. Manifesting is often depicted as a way to attract the desired outcomes or experiences a person desires.To begin with, one common way of manifesting is through visualization. Visualization involves creating a mental picture of what you want to manifest. By vividly imagining yourself already possessing or experiencing what you desire, you are aligning your thoughts and beliefs with that outcome. For example, if you want to manifest financial abundance, you can visualize yourself receiving unexpected money, living in a luxurious house, or driving your dream car. This practice helps to program your subconscious mind to start attracting circumstances that will lead to the realization of your desires.Another aspect of manifestation is the use of affirmations. Affirmations are positive statements that affirm what you want to manifest as if it is already true. By consistently repeating affirmations that align with your desires, you are reinforcing positive beliefs and replacing any limiting beliefs that may be holding you back. For example, rather than saying "I want to be successful," you can affirm, "I am successful in everything I do." The more you believe in and repeat these affirmations, the more likely you are to manifest the desired outcome.Taking inspired action is a crucial part of manifestation. While thoughts and beliefs are important, they must be coupled withaction to bring about tangible results. Manifestation is not about passively waiting for your desires to materialize magically; it requires actively pursuing opportunities and making choices aligned with your desired outcome. For instance, if you want to manifest a healthy body, you need to take action by exercising regularly, eating nutritious food, and prioritizing self-care.Gratitude is often emphasized as a key element of successful manifestation. By expressing gratitude for what you already have, you are acknowledging the abundance in your life. Gratitude helps to shift your focus from a mindset of lack to one of abundance, which is more conducive to manifestation. When you are grateful for what you currently have, you attract more things to be grateful for. Regularly practicing gratitude can also raise your vibration and improve your overall well-being.Finally, it is essential to remain patient and trust the timing of the universe when manifesting. Sometimes, the desired outcomes may not manifest immediately, and it is crucial to maintain faith and belief that what you want is on its way. Doubt and impatience can hinder the manifestation process, so it is important to stay positive and trust that everything is unfolding in the perfect way and at the perfect time.In conclusion, manifestation is a powerful tool that allows individuals to bring their desires into reality. It involves visualizing, affirming, taking inspired action, expressing gratitude, and trusting the process. By incorporating these practices into daily life, one can harness the power of manifestation and create a more fulfilling and abundant life.。