中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)

2004年中国人民大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages ______ patriotism.A．obsoleteB．aggressiveC．harmoniousD．amiable正确答案：B2．One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ______ to expressed thoughts.A．dilemmasB．countenancesC．concessionsD．junctions正确答案：B3．People innately ______ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A．striveB．ascertainC．justifyD．adhere正确答案：A4．Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife ______ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A．conservationB．maintenanceC．storageD．reserve’正确答案：D5．According to the latest report, consumer confidence ______ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A．soaredB．mutatedC．plummetedD．’fluctuated正确答案：C6．Melissa is a computer ______ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.A．geniusB．virusC．diseaseD．bacteria正确答案：B7．The ______ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A．negligentB．edibleC．fabulousD．disproportionate正确答案：D8．The boy seemed more ______ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A．reconciledB．consolidatedC．deterioratedD．attributed正确答案：A9．During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ______ a chance to practice his Chinese.A．passed onB．passed upC．passed byD．passed out10．When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ______ can be distributed.A．paradoxesB．legaciesC．platitudesD．analogies正确答案：B11．He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A．depictB．advocateC．criticizeD．analyze正确答案：A12．They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A．confirmB．achieveC．matchD．exaggerate正确答案：C13．The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.A．imminentB．recyclableC．smellyD．poisonous正确答案：D14．British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U. N. sanction.A．alliesB．delegatesC．votersD．juries15．The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.A．frighteningB．promisingC．freezingD．revealing正确答案：A16．Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A．secret planB．bold attackC．clever designD．joint effort正确答案：A17．Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.A．trustworthyB．intelligentC．diligentD．meticulous正确答案：D18．Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A．intriguingB．exasperatingC．demonstrativeD．unprovoked正确答案：D19．The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.A．illegalB．night-timeC．brutalD．abusive正确答案：B20．Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.A．mercurialB．gallantC．ardentD．frugal正确答案：CClozeLike many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,【21】into a hobby and lately has【22】into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates【23】Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep【24】of their personal interest on the internet. Before long they【25】that their home-brewed lists were becoming too long and【26】. Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo. During 1994, they【27】yahoo into a customized database designed to【28】the needs of the thousands of users【29】began to use the service through the closely 【30】Internet community. They developed customized software to help them【31】locate, identify and edit material【32】on the Internet. The name Yahoo is【33】to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the【34】because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first【35】on Yang’s workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was【36】on Filo’s computer, “Konishiki”. In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files【37】to larger computers【38】at Netscape. As a result Stanford’s computer network returned to【39】, and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo【40】organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.21．A．becameB．grewC．turnD．intend正确答案：B22．A．made B．saw C．looked D．turned正确答案：D23．A．inB．on C．about D．for正确答案：A24．A．touch B．contact C．track D．record正确答案：C25．A．founded B．found C．argued D．reported 正确答案：B26．A．unwieldy B．tough C．tamable D．invaluable 正确答案：A27．A．exchanged B．shank C．sold D．converted正确答案：D28．A．explain B．serve C．discover D．evaluate正确答案：B29．A．which B．that C．actually D．eagerly正确答案：B30．A．relative B．interactive C．bound D．contacted 正确答案：C31．A．fluently B．efficiently C．exactly D．actually正确答案：B32．A．transmitted B．purchased C．sold D．stored正确答案：D33．A．about B．bound C．going D．supposed正确答案：D34．A．fable B．model C．name D．brand正确答案：C35．A．supported B．resided C．lived D．launched 正确答案：B36．A．connected B．lodged C．introduced D．linked正确答案：B37．A．over B．away C．inside D．beneath 正确答案：A38．A．housed B．caught C．hosed D．hidden正确答案：A39．A．averageB．normalC．ordinaryD．equal正确答案：B40．A．attainsB．detainsC．maintainsD．contains正确答案：DReading ComprehensionGuthrie’s contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits. One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result to apply Guthrie’s theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students’ letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills. The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes. Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students. In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.41．The purpose of this passage is to ______.A．informB．persuadeC．debateD．narrate正确答案：D42．Guthrie identified three methods for ______.A．educating studentsB．altering bad habitsC．avoiding undesired actionD．forming good hobbies正确答案：B43．Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A．Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B．Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C．Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D．A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.正确答案：D44．To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time,watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in thisA．The threshold method.B．The fatigue method.C．The incompatible response method.D．The punishment method.正确答案：C45．We can draw the conclusion from the passage that ______.A．The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhausted.B．The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be performed simultaneously.C．The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it.D．The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted response.正确答案：CThe increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new (star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “no va”, meaning “it doesn’t go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically. Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company’s friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”. When translated into German, Pepsi’s popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”: No wonder customers in Germany didn’t rush out to buy Pepsi. Successful international marketing doesn’t stop with good translations--other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market. For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the LatinAmerican market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.. Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions. The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation”to reduce the possibility of blunders. The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple. They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46．The best title of this passage might be ______.A．Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB．Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC．Overcome Cultural Shock in Different CountriesD．Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles正确答案：A47．What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?A．hesitationB．mistakeC．stutterD．default正确答案：B48．Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A．Cultural shocksB．Faulty translationsC．Avoid cultural oversightsD．Prevent blunders正确答案：B49．We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” most probably mean ______.A．an animal used in perfume for its smellB．a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC．a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD．an ornament used in perfume and at funerals正确答案：C50．One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to ______.A．fire the translators who don’t know the target languageB．use the technique called “literal translation”to reduce the possibility of blundersC．avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD．explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries正确答案：CIt is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace. Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss’job to worry about the wellbeing of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top--and on the way up--executives are exceedingly dedicated. The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing. These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape”and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances are thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor’s admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels. Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other’s managerial ranks.51．We can infer from the second paragraph that ______.A．promotion depends on amiabilityB．chief executives do not work hard enough at the top levelC．it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinatesD．a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry正确答案：D52．The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of ______.A．hallucination exerciseB．physical exerciseC．meditation exerciseD．entertainment正确答案：B53．From the last paragraph we can gather that ______.A．there are too many aggressive executivesB．individual talent is not essential for a companyC．the job of an “executive search firm” is corporate head-huntingD．it is not common for companies to undermine each other’s managerial ranks 正确答案：C54．For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where ______.A．they can conduct their businessB．they can indulge themselvesC．they can cultivate their mindD．they can exercise as well as socialize正确答案：D55．What is NOT true according to the article?A．Executives tend to ignore doctors’ advice and warnings.B．Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C．All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D．Executives are careful of what they eat.正确答案：CIn November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan’s Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords anddaggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general’s office and there, before the general’s unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered. In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima’s most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.”Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero’s death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty smiles: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame. Mishima has been called “Japan’s Hemingway,”while others have compared him to “aesthetic”writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56．The article implies that ______.A．Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB．Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC．Mishima is a person who is hard to defineD．Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer正确答案：C57．The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was ______.A．to capture the commanding generalB．to urge the government to declare a war against AmericaC．to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional governmentD．to force the Emperor to give up the throne正确答案：C58．In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima ______.A．was well received by the soldiersB．was laughed at by the soldiersC．impressed the commanding generalD．left a deep impression to the soldiers正确答案：B59．What is TRUE according to the article?A．The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero’s death.B．The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima’s suicide attempt.C．Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima’s speech.D．One of Mishima’s aides was killed by the soldiers.正确答案：A60．Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ______.A．written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful storiesB．written eighty short storiesC．published “A Forest in Flower”D．published “Confession of a Mask”正确答案：DWriting61．Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”. Your essay should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.正确答案：My Understanding of Globalization Nowadays,the word “globalization”is not unfamiliar to the mass .People hold different attitudes towards globalization . Some people show completely friendliness for it with the conception that it can bring all the good ,while others lead hostile attitude towards it ,worrying that they will bing devastating results. In my opinion ,globalization is just like the water ,which itself is neither good nor bad ,used properly can prosper and nourish an area and its culture;but dealt with improperly ,it will bring devastating results. Globalization indeed brings challenges and causes bankruptcy an unemployment .But it also brings scarce opportunities and benefits ,such as more abundant resources for use,bigger stage to perform ,better chance to be well known. When a completely new phenomenon appears ,there are always people who are blind to the downside effects it may bring , and also ,there will always be people who exaggerate the dark side of the new phenomenon thus deny accepting it .Both of the two attitudes are not right .Wise people should pick out from the mess the good parts and then make the best of it ,while abandon the evil parts ,and minimize the negative effects it has .So it is the same with globalization---a mixed blessing.。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Edison tested more than one thousand materials to see if they could （）electric current and glow.问题1选项A.bringB.makeC.carryD.produce【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。

句意：爱迪生测试了一千多种材料，看它们是否能携带电流并发光。

选项C最符合语境。

2.单选题Bank notes are not usually （）into gold nowadays.问题1选项A.invertedB.revertibleC.convertibleD.diverting 【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。

句意：现在的纸币通常不能兑换成黄金。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题Am I to understand that his new post （） no responsibility with it at all?问题1选项A.keepsB.supportsC.carriesD.possesses【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。

carry responsibility为常用搭配,意为“承担责任”。

选项C符合句意。

4.单选题Advocates of private school argue that education in one of these facilities is more valuable and（） than any other educational opportunity.问题1选项A.awardedB.awardingC.rewardedD.rewarding【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。

根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，只有选项D是形容词，所以正确。

5.单选题The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.问题1选项A.imminentB.recyclableC.smellyD.poisonous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题The paint on the clown’s face（） that it scared the children he was trying to entertain. 问题1选项A.was so exaggerationB.were an exaggerationC.was such an exaggerationD.was exaggerating【答案】C【解析】根据后面的that可知，这里考查so （such）…that...的句型。

so后面接形容词或副词，such后接名词。

exaggeration为名词，所以选项C正确。

2.单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（） when she was ill and had no money. 问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】plight困境；polarization两极分化；plague瘟疫，灾祸；pigment颜料，色素。

in a sad plight指处于困境。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题All workers, regardless of their sex and education, are required to （）at the age of 60. 问题1选项A.resignB.retireC.regainD.retain【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

根据句意可知，这里指退休，只有选项B符合要求。

For the last 20 years or so the subject of global warming has（）heated debate among the world’s brightest minds.问题1选项A.spawnedB.injectedC.modeledD.moved【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Topics for composition should be （） to the experiences and interests of the students.问题1选项A.concernedB.dependentC.connectingD.relevant【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与…相连”；be relevant to意为“与…有关的”。

选项D符合语境。

2.单选题I （）you that the goods will be delivered next week.问题1选项A.insistB.confirmC.assureD.ensure 【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。

sb. confirm that证实......；assure sb. that...向某人保证......；sb. ensure that...确保某事会发生。

选项C更符合语境。

3.单选题Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.问题1选项A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。

根据句意可知，划线部分词应该为贬义，首先排除选项A和C；其次如果选B，这里应该指让人感到愤怒的，用-ed的形式，所以选项B不正确；选项D正确，指无缘无故的，符合语境。

4.翻译题One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy. Buying a commodity or the stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodityis purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.【答案】当确实存在遭受损失的风险时，人们不禁要问为什么允许进行投机活动。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never （）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。

pass on传递，继续，去世；pass up拒绝，错过；pass by走过，经过；pass out分发，昏倒。

这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题The Internet has been around for an almost equal amount of time as most forms of media, but only recently（）a popular way of retrieving information.问题1选项A.has it becomeB.it has becameC.it becomesD.does it become【答案】A【解析】语法知识。

根据only可知这里应该用倒装，首先排除选项B和C；填空处应用现在完成时表示过去对现在产生影响，所以选项A正确。

3.单选题A product is to be regarded as being （）when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。

句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是。

根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In most countries, the metric system has been （）for all measurement.问题1选项A.admittedB.adaptedC.appliedD.adopted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意：在大多数国家，所有的计量都采用公制。

选项D符合句意。

2.单选题In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures, teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did.People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americans, especially from the South, observe this custom, too.A master’s thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State Univ ersity, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening. They are expected to look at the speaker all the time. Many African Americans communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening, they mostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed about these significant differences, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of eye contact have brought about social conflicts of two different kinds in many urban centers, non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation taking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaning among the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered a provocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict.Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In one high school, it resultedin a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians’ intentions and the fight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or “disses,” that person. Much like the archaic phrase “I demand satisfaction,” which became the overture to a duel. Mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter. At the entrances to Universal Studio’s “City Walk” attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against “physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring...”1.Many African Americans from the South（） .2.When listening to the others, white communicators tend to（） .3.Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because（） .4.Mad-dogging refers to（） .5.The archaic phrase, “I demand satisfaction”（） .问题1选项A.adopt a typically American open style of communicationB.often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC.avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD.are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others问题2选项A.look at the speaker all the timeB.glance at the speaker periodicallyC.look away from the speakerD.stare at the speaker问题3选项A.Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB.they expect a more enthusiastic reflection from the shopkeepersC.there are some social conflicts in many urban centersD.they are not informed about difference between cultures问题4选项A.a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic backgroundB.physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC.a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD.the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers问题5选项A.was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB.often led to a fightC.was a sign of disrespectD.often resulted in some kind of misinterpretation【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据关键词“African Americans, from the South”定位到第二段第二句“Many African Americans, especially from the Sout h, observe this custom, too.”这里的“custom”即上一句提到的“avoid eye contact as a sign of respect.”选项C与原文描述一致。

2008年中国人民大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In general, the______amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.A．acceptableB．advisableC．availableD．applicable正确答案：B解析：本题答案是B。

B项的意思是：advisable可取的，明智的。

其他各项的意思是：acceptable可接受的，合意的；available有空的，接受探访的；applicable 可适用的，可应用的。

2．Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ______the color of his skin.A．with the exception ofB．in the light ofC．by virtue ofD．regardless of正确答案：D解析：本题答案是D。

D项的意思是：regardless of不顾，不管。

其他各项的意思是：with the exception of除……以外；in the light of根据，依据；by virtue of依靠，凭借，由于。

3．Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their fullA．capacityB．strengthC．lengthD．possibility正确答案：A解析：本题答案是A。

考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English Translation 7. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．And the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and ______ of youth.A．vagueB．vigorC．vogueD．vulgar正确答案：B解析：vigor精神；trim整齐，整洁；vague含糊的，不清楚的；vogue时髦，流行；vulgar庸俗的，普通的。

2．All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully ______ the risks and benefits.A．valuingB．evaluatingC．estimatingD．weighing正确答案：D解析：value的意思是estimate the money value of something，即给某物估价，而value sth/sb是“重视某物或某人”的意思；evaluate评估，估价，evaluate sth 一般只是单独的评估某物，不含比较的意思；estimate(粗略)估计成本、大小、价值等；weigh仔细考虑某事物的相当价值或重要性，权衡，斟酌，如weigh the pros and cons权衡正反两方面的意见；此句是说要仔细权衡减肥药物的危险和好处，所以选D最恰当。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。

take offence at sth., 意为“对某事生气”。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题Tom Jones, who（） around the world, will come to Asia next month.问题1选项A.will be touringB.have touredC.had been touringD.has been touring 【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。

选项D正确。

3.单选题People innately（） for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.问题1选项A.striveB.ascertainC.justifyD.adhere【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。

strive for意为“争取, 奋斗”；选项B为及物动词；选项C和D通常与介词to搭配。

所以选项A正确。

4.单选题Terrorists murder and kidnap people,（）bombs, hijack airplanes, set fires, and commit other serious crimes.问题1选项A.light upB.set offC.plant inD.ignite【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。

博士英语模拟试题一、听力理解（每题1分，共20分）1. 听对话，选择正确答案：- A: What's the weather like today?- B: It's quite sunny, but it's not too hot.- 问题：What is the weather like?- A) It's very hot.- B) It's raining.- C) It's sunny.2. 听短文，选择正确答案：- In the short passage, the speaker talks about the importance of water conservation. He mentions that water is a precious resource and we should take measures to save it.- 问题：What is the speaker mainly discussing?- A) The scarcity of water.- B) The importance of water conservation.- C) How to purify water.二、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）Passage 1:In recent years, the number of students pursuing their doctorate degrees has been on the rise. This trend is attributed to the increasing demand for highly skilled professionals in various fields. However, the journey towards a Ph.D. is not an easy one, as it requires a significantamount of dedication, hard work, and time investment.Questions:1. Why is the number of students pursuing doctorate degrees increasing?A) Because of the decreasing demand for skilled professionals.B) Due to the increasing demand for highly skilled professionals.C) Because of the ease of the Ph.D. journey.2. What does the passage imply about the Ph.D. journey?A) It is an easy path.B) It requires a lot of dedication and hard work.C) It is a short-term commitment.Passage 2:The advancement in technology has revolutionized the way we communicate and share information. Social media platforms,for instance, have become an integral part of our daily lives, connecting people across the globe. However, with the rise of these platforms, concerns about privacy and data securityhave also grown.Questions:1. What has the advancement in technology led to?A) A decline in communication.B) A revolution in communication and information sharing.C) A decrease in the use of social media.2. What concerns have grown with the rise of social mediaplatforms?A) Concerns about the quality of communication.B) Concerns about privacy and data security.C) Concerns about the decline in the use of traditional media.三、词汇与结构（每题1分，共20分）1. The research team is currently _______ a new drug that could treat this disease.- A) developing- B) discovering- C) inventing2. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work _______ on schedule.- A) proceeded- B) progressed- C) continued四、写作（共30分）Task: Write an essay of about 250 words on the topic "The Role of Technology in Education."Sample Essay:The integration of technology in education has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach. With the advent of digital tools and online resources, education has become more accessible and interactive. Technology provides a platformfor personalized learning, allowing students to learn attheir own pace and style. It also enables teachers to track student progress and adapt their teaching methods accordingly. However, it is crucial to ensure that the use of technologyin education is balanced with traditional teaching methods to foster a holistic learning experience. While technology can enhance learning, it should not replace the human touch andthe critical thinking skills that are nurtured through face-to-face interactions.注意：以上内容为模拟试题示例，实际考试内容可能会有所不同。

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）专项练习1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。

古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。

今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。

科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。

【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。

选项A与之意思相近，正确。

2.单选题问题1选项A.sent upB.sent offC.sent outD.sent in 【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。

send up使上升；send off寄出，派遣；send out发送；send in递送，呈报。

根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。

3.翻译题Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, were pretty much agreeing that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modest laboratory in Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of nature—never before suspected—that would almost overnight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。

中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．A Monitor/TIPP poll last month found that young people and seniors held similar views when asked to____ the importance of US military action to remove Saddam Hussein from power in the next months.A．advocateB．foreseeC．superviseD．gauge正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说对美国军事行动的重要性进行评价。

D项gauge“评价”符合题意。

其他三项advocate“提倡，鼓吹”；foresee“预见，预知”；supervise “监督，管理”都不正确。

2．The newspaper reported on the initiative of the organization to establish a private company to professionally_____prisoners due to be released from prison.A．habilitateB．rehabilitateC．precludeD．prelude正确答案：A解析：本题中，A项habilitate“提高周转资金，予以穿着”符合题意。

其他三项rehabilitate“使复原”；preclude“排除”；prelude“为……做序，以……开头”都不正确。

中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷11(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Although he refused to act on my suggestion, he had to admit that ______ what I said.A．it was something inB．there was something asC．it was something asD．there was something in正确答案：D解析：there is something in：……有些道理。

2．On behalf of my company, I am ______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A．subjectedB．inclinedC．availableD．obliged正确答案：D解析：obliged与to构成固定搭配，意思是感激。

如：I’m much obliged to you．(我非常感谢你的帮忙)，所以D项正确。

而“subjected to的意思是屈从于，隶属于；inclined to的意思是倾向于；available to的意思是供给，有用”，都不符合句意。

3．(Track lighting) is one of the most popular types, (if not) the most popular type, (of) lighting (on market) today.A．Track lightingB．if notC．ofD．on market正确答案：D4．His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in_____to his income.A．comparisonB．proportionC．association正确答案：B解析：in proportion to是固定搭配，表示“依照比例，和……相比”。

考博英语模拟试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 教育是社会进步的关键。

B. 技术发展对教育的影响是负面的。

C. 教育改革需要更多的创新思维。

D. 教育应该更加注重实践能力的培养。

答案：A2. 文章中提到的“终身学习”的概念，主要强调了什么？A. 学习是个人发展的终身任务。

B. 学习应该在学校之外进行。

C. 学习是职业发展的必要条件。

D. 学习是社会进步的驱动力。

答案：A3. 作者认为教育改革应该包括哪些方面？A. 教学方法和课程内容的更新。

B. 学校管理体制的改革。

C. 教师培训和学生评价体系的改进。

D. 所有上述选项。

答案：D4. 文章中提到的“批判性思维”在教育中的作用是什么？A. 帮助学生更好地理解知识。

B. 培养学生的独立思考能力。

C. 提高学生解决问题的能力。

D. 促进学生对知识的深入探究。

答案：B5. 根据文章，以下哪项不是教育改革的挑战？A. 资金不足。

B. 教师资源的缺乏。

C. 学生对新教学方法的抵触。

D. 社会对教育改革的误解。

答案：C二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In recent years, the popularity of online education has been growing rapidly. It offers a convenient way for students to learn __6__ the comfort of their own homes. However, there are also some __7__ to consider.6. A. in B. at C. on D. from答案：A7. A. benefits B. drawbacks C. opportunities D. challenges答案：D8. The main advantage of online education is that it allows for __8__ flexibility in scheduling.A. personalB. individualC. uniqueD. specific答案：B9. Despite the convenience, some students may find it difficult to __9__ in an online environment.A. interactB. participateC. engageD. connect答案：B10. Online courses often require a high level of __10__ and self-discipline.A. motivationB. inspirationC. encouragementD. stimulation答案：A三、翻译（共15分，每题5分）1. 教育不仅仅是知识的传授，更是价值观和道德观的培养。

中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ______ attitude toward customers.A．straightforwardB．partialC．favourableD．hostile正确答案：D解析：本题是说经理责备地看了一眼其中一名女售货员，因为她对顾客的态度不友善。

D项“hostile (to)adj．敌对的，不友善的”，符合题意。

其他三项中，straightforward adj．“坦率的，正直的；明确的，简单的”；partial(to)adj．“偏袒的，偏心的；部分的，不完全的”；favourable (to/for) adj．“有利的，顺利的；赞成的”，都不符合题意。

2．With the joint effort of everyone, the plan is ______ to succeed; I’m sure of that.A．obviousB．boundC．doubtlessD．necessary正确答案：B解析：本题是说在大家的共同努力下，这项计划一定会成功；对此我可以肯定。

B项“be bound(to do)一定的，必然的；be bound to/for a place准备到……去；开往”，与题意相符。

其他三项中，obvious adj．“显然的，明显的”；doubtless adv．“无疑地，肯定地”(副词一般不作表语)；necessary adj．“必要的，必须的；必然的，势必的”，都不符合题意。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A knowledge of history（）us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.问题1选项A.equipsB.providesC.offersD.satisfies【答案】A【解析】equip sb.使某人做好准备，使具备......的能力；provide sb. with提供某人某物；offer sb.+sth.提供某人某物。

satisfy sb. with sth.使某人对某物感到满意。

句意：历史知识使我们能够处理当代世界面临的各种各样的问题。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题The soldier was（） of running away when the enemy attacked.问题1选项A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。

scold和punish一般与介词for搭配；charge一般指具有法律效应的控告；accuse 一般指指控，指责。

be accused of为固定搭配，意为“被指控”。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题Management operates through various（）, often classified as planning, organ leading/motivating and controlling.问题1选项A.foundationsB.functionsC.rolesD.relations【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。

句意: 管理部门通过各种职能运作，通常分为规划、机构领导/激励和控制。

只有选项B有职能的意思，所以本题选B。

4.单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（） a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can’t be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of.The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France.One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians.One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group. Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country.Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.1.Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?2.In the first paragraph the word “told” means （）.3.This passage implies that discrimination is a problem which （）.4.The main reason why the Indians are most discriminated against is that （）.5.The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania （）.问题1选项A.The United States is a country made up of many different races.B.Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.C.All races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.D.The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.问题2选项A.separatedB.distinguishedC.revealedD.made known问题3选项A.many races in the United States have experiencedB.will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC.has already been solved in the United StatesD.is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States问题4选项A.they have tried hard to keep their religionsB.they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customsC.they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identifyD.they discriminate many other races问题5选项A.to escape discriminationB.to keep together in a racial groupC.to enjoy themselves in their own townsD.for religious reasons【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress（）for the occasion.问题1选项A.has been cleanedB.should have been cleanedC.is being cleanedD.has been cleaning【答案】A【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。

根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。

2.单选题In many countries tobacco and medicine are government （）.问题1选项A.controlB.monopolyC.businessD.belongings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。

根据句意可知，这里指政府垄断，选项B符合语境。

3.单选题Peter’s mother kept telling him that（） in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen. 问题1选项A.playedB.will playC.playingD.been playing【答案】C【解析】that引导的句子在句中作补语，在that从句中缺少主语，因此应该用动词的现在分词形式作主语。

所以，选项C正确。

4.单选题Everyone in America these days seems to be（）with his or her physical fitness, and everyone is talking about getting in shape.问题1选项A.concernedB.alluredC.connectedD.attracted【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。