Practical Mastitis for Zoetis
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ted演讲Zodiacsign中英对照版zodiac signHave you ever been asked by your Chinese friend, "What is your zodiac sign?" 你有没有被中国朋友问过“你的生肖是什么?”Don't think they are making small talk.不要以为他们只是寒暄。
If you say, "I'm a Monkey," they immediately knowyou are either 24, 36,48 or 60 years old.如果你说:“我属猴”,他们马上就可以知道你是24、36、48或者60岁。
Asking a zodiac sign is a polite way of asking yourage.问生肖是问年龄的一种礼貌的方式。
By revealing your zodiac sign, you are also being evaluated.知道了你的生肖,还可以对你进行评估。
Judgments are being made about your fortune or misfortune, your personal ity, career prospects and how you will do in a given year.可以预测你幸运与否,你的性格,职业前景,接下来一年的运势走向。
If you share you and your partner's animal signs, they will paint a picture in t heir mind aboutyour private life.如果你分享了你和爱人的生肖,甚至可以想象你的私人生活。
Maybe you don't believe in the Chinese zodiac.也许你不相信中国的生肖。
放下刻板印象英文作文As humans, we tend to make assumptions and judgments about people based on their appearance, race, gender, or any other characteristic that we believe defines them. These assumptions are often referred to as stereotypes or clichés. Stereotypes can be h armful and can create a negative impact on society. Therefore, it is essential to put aside these stereotypes and embrace diversity.Firstly, it is important to understand that every individual is unique and has their own set of qualities and characteristics. Stereotyping individuals based on their appearance or any other characteristic is not only unfair but also limits our ability to understand and appreciate the diversity around us.For instance, assuming that all Asians are good at math or that all African Americans are good at sports is not only inaccurate but also harmful. These stereotypes create a sense of pressure on individuals to conform to theseexpectations, which can lead to low self-esteem and a lackof confidence.Secondly, it is important to recognize that stereotypes can lead to discrimination and prejudice. When westereotype individuals, we tend to make assumptions about their abilities, interests, and behaviors. This can lead to discrimination in the workplace, in schools, and in society as a whole.For example, assuming that women are not good at leadership roles can lead to a lack of opportunities for women to advance in their careers. Similarly, assuming that individuals from certain racial or ethnic backgrounds are not trustworthy can lead to discrimination in hiring practices and other areas of life.Finally, it is important to embrace diversity and appreciate the differences that make each individual unique. By putting aside stereotypes and embracing diversity, wecan create a more inclusive and accepting society.For instance, by recognizing the unique qualities and strengths of individuals, we can create a more diverse and effective workplace. Similarly, by appreciating thecultural differences of individuals, we can create a more tolerant and accepting society.In conclusion, putting aside stereotypes and embracing diversity is essential for creating a more inclusive and accepting society. By recognizing the unique qualities and strengths of individuals, we can create a more diverse and effective workplace. Similarly, by appreciating thecultural differences of individuals, we can create a more tolerant and accepting society. It is up to us to put aside our preconceived notions and embrace the diversity around us.。
Imagination is a powerful tool that allows us to explore new ideas,envision the future,and create works of art.It is the ability to form mental images,concepts,and sensations that are not present to our senses.Here are some aspects of imagination and how it can be harnessed in various ways:1.Creative Writing:Imagination is essential for writers who want to create engaging stories.It helps in developing unique characters,settings,and plotlines that captivate readers.Writers can transport their audience to different worlds,times,and experiences through the power of their imagination.2.Art and Design:Artists use their imagination to create visual representations that evoke emotions and provoke thought.From painting to sculpture,the ability to visualize and then bring to life what is in ones mind is a hallmark of artistic talent.3.Problem Solving:Imagination is not just for the arts it is also crucial in science and technology.Inventors and engineers use their imagination to conceptualize new devices and solutions to existing problems.Its the first step in innovation.4.Learning and Education:Students can enhance their learning experience by using their imagination to visualize complex concepts,historical events,or scientific phenomena. This can make abstract ideas more tangible and easier to understand.5.Dreams and Aspirations:Imagination fuels our dreams and aspirations.It allows us to envision a better future for ourselves and work towards achieving our goals.6.Coping with Reality:Sometimes,imagination serves as an escape from the harsh realities of life.It can provide comfort and solace during difficult times,allowing individuals to momentarily step away from their troubles.7.Cultural Expression:Imagination is at the heart of cultural expression.It is through the collective imagination of a society that traditions,folklore,and customs are formed and passed down through generations.8.Emotional Intelligence:Using imagination to empathize with others can enhance emotional intelligence.By imagining oneself in another persons situation,one can better understand their feelings and perspectives.9.Exploration and Discovery:Explorers and adventurers have always relied on their imagination to envision the unknown and to plan their journeys.This has led to the discovery of new lands,cultures,and knowledge.10.Innovation in Business:Businesses that foster a culture of imagination can innovate more effectively.Employees who are encouraged to think creatively can come up with new products,services,and strategies that can give the company a competitive edge. In conclusion,imagination is a vital component of human experience.It enriches our lives in countless ways,from the arts to science,from personal growth to societal development.Cultivating and harnessing imagination can lead to a more fulfilling and innovative existence.。
As a high school student with a penchant for the natural world, Ive always been fascinated by the intricate relationships that exist within the animal kingdom. One such relationship that has captured my imagination is the way animals seek out their companions. This essay narrates my personal experience and observations on this subject.It all began on a warm summer afternoon when I was wandering through the local park, a place where I often go to unwind and observe the wildlife. The park is a sanctuary for many species, from the smallest insects to the majestic birds that soar above. It was on one such visit that I noticed a lone duck swimming in the pond, looking somewhat out of place.The duck was a beautiful creature with a sleek, brown body and a distinctive green patch on its head. It swam in circles, occasionally calling out with a mournful quack. At first, I thought it was just enjoying its solitude, but as time passed, I realized that it was searching for somethingor rather, someone.Days turned into weeks, and the ducks calls became more frequent and more desperate. It would waddle along the shoreline, peering into the reeds and undergrowth, as if hoping to find a companion hiding there. I felt a pang of sympathy for the lonely creature, and I decided to learn more about its behavior.I began to research the social habits of ducks and was surprised to discover that they are highly social animals. They form strong bonds with their mates and often live in groups called flocks. Losing a companion canbe a significant blow to a ducks wellbeing, leading to stress and even a decline in health.Armed with this knowledge, I returned to the park with a newfound understanding of the ducks plight. I watched as it continued its search, its quacks echoing across the water. It was a poignant reminder of the importance of companionship, not just for humans but for animals as well.One day, as I sat by the pond, I noticed a group of ducks swimming nearby. They seemed to be calling out to the lone duck, inviting it to join them. To my delight, the duck swam towards them, and they welcomed it with open wings. It was a heartwarming sight, seeing the duck finally find its companions.This experience taught me several valuable lessons about the power of companionship. It showed me that even animals, which we often perceive as less emotionally complex than humans, can experience loneliness and the need for connection. It also highlighted the importance of observation and empathy in understanding the world around us.Moreover, it inspired me to become more involved in conservation efforts.I joined a local wildlife group and started volunteering at the park, helping to monitor the health and wellbeing of the animals. Through this, Ive learned even more about the complex social structures of various species and the challenges they face in an increasingly urbanized world.In conclusion, the story of the lone duck searching for its companions wasmore than just a tale of one animals journey. It was a testament to the universal need for connection and the profound impact that companionship can have on an individuals wellbeing. As I continue to explore the natural world and advocate for its preservation, I carry with me the lessons learned from that summer afternoon by the ponda reminder of the beauty and importance of finding ones place within a community.。
ciassics and me 英语作文Title: Classics and MeThroughout my life, classic works of literature, art, and music have held a special place in my heart. These timeless pieces have not only enriched my soul but have also shaped my perspectives on life, love, and the enduring nature of the human spirit. In this essay, I will share my personal journey with classics and the profound impact they have had on me.My earliest memory of connecting with a classic was reading "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll. The fantastical world of Alice captured my imagination, introducing me to the magic of storytelling and the power of fiction to transport us to realms beyond our everyday lives. This experience instilled in me a lifelong passion for literature and its ability to ignite the imagination.As I grew older, I turned to the classics for wisdom and guidance. Reading "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee during my teenage years provided me with profound insights into justice, prejudice, and empathy. Atticus Finch's unwavering integrity and his quest for justice in the face of adversity inspired me to pursue a career in law, hoping to contribute, however modestly, to the pursuit of justice in myown small way.Classical music, too, has been a constant companion in my life. The intricate melodies and complex harmonies of composers like Beethoven and Bach have provided a soundtrack for my moments of both joy and sorrow. Their music has taught me the value of perseverance, as evidenced by Beethoven's compositions, which he created despite losing his hearing.In the realm of fine arts, classic paintings like Van Gogh's "Starry Night" have touched the deepest parts of my soul. There is something about the way the artist captures light and emotion that speaks directly to the human experience. It reminds me that beauty can be found even in the darkest of nights and that there is always a glimmer of hope worth reaching for.Classics have also been a source of comfort during difficult times. Turning to Shakespeare's plays or Dickens' novels has often provided solace and a sense of continuity with the past, reminding me that humans have faced and overcome adversity since time immemorial.In conclusion, classics have been an integral part of my life, shaping my interests, values, and dreams. They have taughtme about the enduring nature of the human condition and the beauty of the human spirit. Through classic literature, music, and art, I have connected with something larger than myself, finding inspiration and guidance along my journey. As I continue to explore the world of classics, I am excited to discover new treasures that will further enrich my understanding of life and the world around me.。
Old Possum's Book of Practical CatsBy Thomas Stearns Eliot (1886-1965)Nobel Prize Winner for Literature - 1948The Naming of CatsThe Naming of Cats is a difficult matter,It isn't just one of your holiday games;You may think at first I'm as mad as a hatterWhen I tell you, a cat must have THREE DIFFERENT NAMES.First of all, there's the name that the family use daily,Such as Peter, Augustus, Alonzo or James,Such as Victor or Jonathan, George or Bill Bailey--All of them sensible everyday names.There are fancier names if you think they sound sweeter,Some for the gentlemen, some for the dames:Such as Plato, Admetus, Electra, Demeter--But all of them sensible everyday names.But I tell you, a cat needs a name that's particular,A name that's peculiar, and more dignified,Else how can he keep up his tail perpendicular,Or spread out his whiskers, or cherish his pride?Of names of this kind, I can give you a quorum,Such as Munkustrap, Quaxo, or Coricopat,Such as Bombalurina, or else Jellylorum-Names that never belong to more than one cat.But above and beyond there's still one name left over,And that is the name that you never will guess;The name that no human research can discover--But THE CAT HIMSELF KNOWS, and will never confess. When you notice a cat in profound meditation,The reason, I tell you, is always the same:His mind is engaged in a rapt contemplationOf the thought, of the thought, of the thought of his name:His ineffable effableEffanineffableDeep and inscrutable singular Name.The Old Gumbie CatI have a Gumbie Cat in mind, her name is Jennyanydots;Her coat is of the tabby kind, with tiger stripes and leopard spots.All day she sits upon the stair or on the steps or on the mat;She sits and sits and sits and sits--and that's what makes a Gumbie Cat!But when the day's hustle and bustle is done,Then the Gumbie Cat's work is but hardly begun.And when all the family's in bed and asleep,She tucks up her skirts to the basement to creep.She is deeply concerned with the ways of the mice--Their behaviour's not good and their manners not nice;So when she has got them lined up on the matting,She teachs them music, crocheting and tatting.I have a Gumbie Cat in mind, her name is Jennyanydots;Her equal would be hard to find, she likes the warm and sunny spots.All day she sits beside the hearth or on the bed or on my hat:She sits and sits and sits and sits--and that's what makes a Gumbie Cat!But when the day's hustle and bustle is done,Then the Gumbie Cat's work is but hardly begun.As she finds that the mice will not ever keep quiet,She is sure it is due to irregular diet;And believing that nothing is done without trying,She sets right to work with her baking and frying.She makes them a mouse--cake of bread and dried peas,And a beautiful fry of lean bacon and cheese.I have a Gumbie Cat in mind, her name is Jennyanydots;The curtain-cord she likes to wind, and tie it into sailor-knots.She sits upon the window-sill, or anything that's smooth and flat:She sits and sits and sits and sits--and that's what makes a Gumbie Cat!But when the day's hustle and bustle is done,Then the Gumbie Cat's work is but hardly begun.She thinks that the cockroaches just need employmentTo prevent them from idle and wanton destroyment.So she's formed, from that lot of disorderly louts,A troop of well-disciplined helpful boy-scouts,With a purpose in life and a good deed to do--And she's even created a Beetles' Tattoo.So for Old Gumbie Cats let us now give three cheers--On whom well-ordered households depend, it appears.Growltiger's Last StandGROWLTIGER was a Bravo Cat, who lived upon a barge;In fact he was the roughest cat that ever roamed at large.From Gravesend up to Oxford he pursued his evil aims,Rejoicing in his title of "The Terror of the Thames."His manners and appearance did not calculate to please;His coat was torn and seedy, he was baggy at the knees;One ear was somewhat missing, no need to tell you why,And he scowled upon a hostile world from one forbidding eye.The cottagers of Rotherhithe knew something of his fame,At Hammersmith and Putney people shuddered at his name.They would fortify the hen-house, lock up the silly goose,When the rumour ran along the shore: GROWLTIGER'S ON THE LOOSE!Woe to the weak canary, that fluttered from its cage;Woe to the pampered Pekinese, that faced Growltiger's rage.Woe to the bristly Bandicoot, that lurks on foreign ships,And woe to any Cat with whom Growltiger came to grips!But most to Cats of foreign race his hatred had been vowed;To Cats of foreign name and race no quarter was allowed.The Persian and the Siamese regarded him with fear--Because it was a Siamese had mauled his missing ear.Now on a peaceful summer night, all nature seemed at play,The tender moon was shining bright, the barge at Molesey lay.All in the balmy moonlight it lay rocking on the tide--And Growltiger was disposed to show his sentimental side.His bucko mate, GRUMBUSKIN, long since had disappeared,For to the Bell at Hampton he had gone to wet his beard;And his bosun, TUMBLEBRUTUS, he too had stol'n away-In the yard behind the Lion he was prowling for his prey.In the forepeak of the vessel Growltiger sate alone,Concentrating his attention on the Lady GRIDDLEBONE.And his raffish crew were sleeping in their barrels and their bunks-- As the Siamese came creeping in their sampans and their junks.Growltiger had no eye or ear for aught but Griddlebone,And the Lady seemed enraptured by his manly baritone,Disposed to relaxation, and awaiting no surprise--But the moonlight shone reflected from a thousand bright blue eyes.And closer still and closer the sampans circled round,And yet from all the enemy there was not heard a sound.The lovers sang their last duet, in danger of their lives--For the foe was armed with toasting forks and cruel carving knives.Then GILBERT gave the signal to his fierce Mongolian horde;With a frightful burst of fireworks the Chinks they swarmed aboard. Abandoning their sampans, and their pullaways and junks,They battened down the hatches on the crew within their bunks.Then Griddlebone she gave a screech, for she was badly skeered;I am sorry to admit it, but she quickly disappeared.She probably escaped with ease, I'm sure she was not drowned-- But a serried ring of flashing steel Growltiger did surround.The ruthless foe pressed forward, in stubborn rank on rank; Growltiger to his vast surprise was forced to walk the plank.He who a hundred victims had driven to that drop,At the end of all his crimes was forced to go ker-flip, ker-flop.Oh there was joy in Wapping when the news flew through the land; At Maidenhead and Henley there was dancing on the strand.Rats were roasted whole at Brentford, and at Victoria Dock,And a day of celebration was commanded in Bangkok.The Rum Tum TuggerThe Rum Tum Tugger is a Curious Cat:If you offer him pheasant he would rather have grouse. If you put him in a house he would much prefer a flat,If you put him in a flat then he'd rather have a house.If you set him on a mouse then he only wants a rat,If you set him on a rat then he'd rather chase a mouse. Yes the Rum Tum Tugger is a Curious Cat--And there isn't any call for me to shout it:For he will doAs he do doAnd there's no doing anything about it!The Rum Tum Tugger is a terrible bore:When you let him in, then he wants to be out;He's always on the wrong side of every door,And as soon as he's at home, then he'd like to get about. He likes to lie in the bureau drawer,But he makes such a fuss if he can't get out.Yes the Rum Tum Tugger is a Curious Cat--And there isn't any use for you to doubt it:For he will doAs he do doAnd there's no doing anything about it!The Rum Tum Tugger is a curious beast:His disobliging ways are a matter of habit.If you offer him fish then he always wants a feast; When there isn't any fish then he won't eat rabbit.If you offer him cream then he sniffs and sneers,For he only likes what he finds for himself;So you'll catch him in it right up to the ears,If you put it away on the larder shelf.The Rum Tum Tugger is artful and knowing,The Rum Tum Tugger doesn't care for a cuddle;But he'll leap on your lap in the middle of your sewing, For there's nothing he enjoys like a horrible muddle.Yes the Rum Tum Tugger is a Curious Cat--And there isn't any need for me to spout it:For he will doAs he do doAnd theres no doing anything about it!The Song of the JelliclesJellicle Cats come out tonight,Jellicle Cats come one come all:The Jellicle Moon is shining bright--Jellicles come to the Jellicle Ball.Jellicle Cats are black and white,Jellicle Cats are rather small;Jellicle Cats are merry and bright,And pleasant to hear when they caterwaul. Jellicle Cats have cheerful faces,Jellicle Cats have bright black eyes;They like to practise their airs and gracesAnd wait for the Jellicle Moon to rise.Jellicle Cats develop slowly,Jellicle Cats are not too big;Jellicle Cats are roly-poly,They know how to dance a gavotte and a jig. Until the Jellicle Moon appearsThey make their toilette and take their repose: Jellicles wash behind their ears,Jellicles dry between their toes.Jellicle Cats are white and black,Jellicle Cats are of moderate size;Jellicles jump like a jumping-jack,Jellicle Cats have moonlit eyes.They're quiet enough in the morning hours, They're quiet enough in the afternoon, Reserving their terpsichorean powersTo dance by the light of the Jellicle Moon.Jellicle Cats are black and white,Jellicle Cats (as I said) are small;If it happens to be a stormy nightThey will practise a caper or two in the hall.If it happens the sun is shining brightYou would say they had nothing to do at all:They are resting and saving themselves to be rightFor the Jellicle Moon and the Jellicle Ball.Mungojerrie and RumpelteazerMungojerrie and Rumpelteazerwere a very notorious couple of cats.As knockabout clown, quick-change comedians,tight-rope walkers and acrobatsThey had extensive reputation.They made their home in Victoria Grove--That was merely their centre of operation,for they were incurably given to rove.They were very well know in Cornwall Gardens,in Launceston Place and in Kensington Square. They had really a little more reputationthan a couple of cats can very well bear.If the area window was found ajarAnd the basement looked like a field of war,If a tile or two came loose on the roof,Which presently ceased to be waterproof,If the drawers were pulled out from the bedroom chests, And you couldn't find one of your winter vests, Or after supper one of the girlsSuddenly missed her Woolworth pearls:Then the family would say: "It's that horrible cat!It was Mungojerrie--or Rumpelteazer!"And most of the time they left it at that.Mungojerrie and Rumpelteazer had a veryunusual gift of the gab.They were highly efficient cat-burglars as well,and remarkably smart at smash-and-grab. They made their home in Victoria Grove.They had no regular occupation.They were plausible fellows, and liked toengage a friendly policeman in conversation.When the family assembled for Sunday dinner,With their minds made up that they wouldn't get thinnerOn Argentine joint, potatoes and greens,And the cook would appear from behind the scenesAnd say in a voice that was broken with sorrow:"I'm afraid you must wait and have dinner tomorrow!For the joint has gone from the oven-like that!"Then the family would say: "It's that horrible cat!It was Mungojerrie--or Rumpelteazer!"And most of the time they left it at that.Mungojerrie and Rumpelteazerhad a wonderful way of working together.And some of the time you would say it was luck,and some of the time you would say it was weather. They would go through the house like a hurricane,and no sober person could take his oathWas it Mungojerrie--or Rumpelteazer?or could you have sworn that it mightn't be both?And when you heard a dining-room smashOr up from the pantry there came a loud crashOr down from the library came a loud pingFrom a vase which was commonly said to be Ming--Then the family would say: "Now which was which cat?It was Mungojerrie! AND Rumpelteazer!"And there's nothing at all to be done about that!Old DeuteronomyOld Deuteronomy's lived a long time;He's a Cat who has lived many lives in succession. He was famous in proverb and famous in rhymeA long while before Queen Victoria's accession.Old Deuteronomy's buried nine wivesAnd more--I am tempted to say, ninety-nine;And his numerous progeny prospers and thrivesAnd the village is proud of him in his decline.At the sight of that placid and bland physiognomy,When he sits in the sun on the vicarage wall,The Oldest Inhabitant croaks: "Well, of all . . .Things. . . Can it be . . . really! . . . No!. . . Yes!. . .Ho! hi!Oh, my eye!My mind may be wandering, but I confessI believe it is Old Deuteronomy!"Old Deuteronomy sits in the street,He sits in the High Street on market day;The bullocks may bellow, the sheep they may bleat,But the dogs and the herdsmen will turn them away. The cars and the lorries run over the kerb,And the villagers put up a notice: ROAD CLOSED-- So that nothing untoward may chance to distrubDeuteronomy's rest when he feels so disposedOr when he's engaged in domestic economy:And the Oldest Inhabitant croaks: "Well, of all . . .Things. . . Can it be . . . really! . . . No!. . . Yes!. . .Ho! hi!Oh, my eye!My sight's unreliable, but I can guessThat the cause of the trouble is Old Deuteronomy!"Old Deuteronomy lies on the floorOf the Fox and French Horn for his afternoon sleep; And when the men say: "There's just time for one more,"Then the landlady from her back parlour will peep And say: "New then, out you go, by the back door,For Old Deuteronomy mustn't be woken--I'll have the police if there's any uproar"--And out they all shuffle, without a word spoken. The digestive repose of that feline's gastronomyMust never be broken, whatever befall:And the Oldest Inhabitant croaks: "Well, of all . . .Things. . . Can it be . . . really! . . . No!. . . Yes!. . .Ho! hi!Oh, my eye!My legs may be tottery, I must go slowAnd be careful of Old Deuteronomy!"Of the awefull battle of the Pekes and the Pollicles:together with some account of the participation of the Pugs and the Poms, and the intervention of the Great Rumpuscat.The Pekes and the Pollicles, everyone knows,Are proud and implacable passionate foes;It is always the same, wherever one goes.And the Pugs and the Poms, although most people sayThat they do not like fighting, yet once in a way,They will now and again join in to the frayAnd theyBark bark bark barkBark bark BARK BARKUntil you can hear them all over the Park.Now on the occasion of which I shall speakAlmost nothing had happened for nearly a week(And that's a long time for a Pol or a Peke).The big Police Dog was away from his beat--I don't know the reason, but most people thinkHe'd slipped into the Wellington Arms for a drink--And no one at all was about on the streetWhen a Peke and a Pollicle happened to meet.They did not advance, or exactly retreat,But they glared at each other, and scraped their hind feet, And they started toBark bark bark barkBark bark BARK BARKUntil you can hear them all over the Park.Now the Peke, although people may say what they please,Is no British Dog, but a Heathen Chinese.And so all the Pekes, when they heard the uproar,Some came to the window, some came to the door;There were surely a dozen, more likely a score.And together they started to grumble and wheezeIn their huffery-snuffery Heathen Chinese.But a terrible din is what Pollicles like,For your Pollicle Dog is a dour Yorkshire tyke,And his braw Scottish cousins are snappers and biters,And every dog-jack of them notable fighters;And so they stepped out, with their pipers in order,Playing When the Blue Bonnets Came Over the Border.Then the Pugs and the Poms held no longer aloof,But some from the balcony, some from the roof,Joined inTo the dinWith aBark bark bark barkBark bark BARK BARKUntil you can hear them all over the Park.Now when these bold heroes together assembled,That traffic all stopped, and the Underground trembled, And some of the neighbours were so much afraidThat they started to ring up the Fire Brigade.When suddenly, up from a small basement flat,Why who should stalk out but the GREAT RUMPUSCAT. His eyes were like fireballs fearfully blazing,He gave a great yawn, and his jaws were amazing; And when he looked out through the bars of the area, You never saw anything fiercer or hairier.And what with the glare of his eyes and his yawning, The Pekes and the Pollicles quickly took warning.He looked at the sky and he gave a great leap--And they every last one of them scattered like sheep.And when the Police Dog returned to his beat,There wasn't a single one left in the street.Mr. MistoffeleesYou ought to know Mr. Mistoffelees!The Original Conjuring Cat--(There can be no doubt about that).Please listen to me and don't scoff. All hisInventions are off his own bat.There's no such Cat in the metropolis;He holds all the patent monopoliesFor performing suprising illusionsAnd creating eccentric confusions.At prestidigitationAnd at legerdemainHe'll defy examinationAnd deceive you again.The greatest magicians have something to learn From Mr. Mistoffelees' Conjuring Turn.Presto!Away we go!And we all say: OH!Well I never!Was there everA Cat so cleverAs Magical Mr. Mistoffelees!He is quiet and small, he is blackFrom his ears to the tip of his tail;He can creep through the tiniest crack,He can walk on the narrowest rail.He can pick any card from a pack,He is equally cunning with dice;He is always deceiving you into believingThat he's only hunting for mice.He can play any trick with a corkOr a spoon and a bit of fish-paste;If you look for a knife or a forkAnd you think it is merely misplaced--You have seen it one moment, and then it is gawn! But you'll find it next week lying out on the lawn.And we all say: OH!Well I never!Was there everA Cat so cleverAs Magical Mr. Mistoffelees!His manner is vague and aloof,You would think there was nobody shyer--But his voice has been heard on the roofWhen he was curled up by the fire.And he's sometimes been heard by the fireWhen he was about on the roof--(At least we all heard that somebody purred) Which is incontestable proofOf his singular magical powers:And I have known the family to callHim in from the garden for hours,While he was asleep in the hall.And not long ago this phenomenal CatProduced seven kittens right out of a hat!And we all said: OH!Well I never!Did you everKnow a Cat so cleverAs Magical Mr. Mistoffelees!Macavity: The Mystery CatMacavity's a Mystery Cat: he's called the Hidden Paw--For he's the master criminal who can defy the Law.He's the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the Flying Squad's despair: For when they reach the scene of crime--Macavity's not there!Macavity, Macavity, there's no on like Macavity,He's broken every human law, he breaks the law of gravity.His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare,And when you reach the scene of crime--Macavity's not there!You may seek him in the basement, you may look up in the air-- But I tell you once and once again, Macavity's not there!Macavity's a ginger cat, he's very tall and thin;You would know him if you saw him, for his eyes are sunken in. His brow is deeply lined with thought, his head is highly doomed; His coat is dusty from neglect, his whiskers are uncombed.He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake; And when you think he's half asleep, he's always wide awake.Macavity, Macavity, there's no one like Macavity,For he's a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity.You may meet him in a by-street, you may see him in the square-- But when a crime's discovered, then Macavity's not there!He's outwardly respectable. (They say he cheats at cards.)And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard's.And when the larder's looted, or the jewel-case is rifled,Or when the milk is missing, or another Peke's been stifled,Or the greenhouse glass is broken, and the trellis past repair--Ay, there's the wonder of the thing! Macavity's not there!And when the Foreign Office finds a Treaty's gone astray,Or the Admiralty lose some plans and drawings by the way,There may be a scap of paper in the hall or on the stair--But it's useless of investigate--Macavity's not there!And when the loss has been disclosed, the Secret Service say:"It must have been Macavity!"--but he's a mile away.You'll be sure to find him resting, or a-licking of his thumbs,Or engaged in doing complicated long division sums.Macavity, Macavity, there's no one like Macacity,There never was a Cat of such deceitfulness and suavity.He always has an alibit, or one or two to spare:And whatever time the deed took place--MACAVITY WASN'T THERE! And they say that all the Cats whose wicked deeds are widely known (I might mention Mungojerrie, I might mention Griddlebone)Are nothing more than agents for the Cat who all the timeJust controls their operations: the Napoleon of Crime!Gus: The Theatre CatGus is the Cat at the Theatre Door.His name, as I ought to have told you before,Is really Asparagus. That's such a fussTo pronounce, that we usually call him just Gus.His coat's very shabby, he's thin as a rake,And he suffers from palsy that makes his paw shake.Yet he was, in his youth, quite the smartest of Cats--But no longer a terror to mice and to rats.For he isn't the Cat that he was in his prime;Though his name was quite famous, he says, in its time.And whenever he joins his friends at their club(Which takes place at the back of the neighbouring pub)He loves to regale them, if someone else pays,With anecdotes drawn from his palmiest days.For he once was a Star of the highest degree--He has acted with Irving, he's acted with Tree.And he likes to relate his success on the Halls,Where the Gallery once gave him seven cat-calls.But his grandest creation, as he loves to tell,Was Firefrorefiddle, the Fiend of the Fell."I have played," so he says, "every possible part,And I used to know seventy speeches by heart.I'd extemporize back-chat, I knew how to gag,And I knew how to let the cat out of the bag.I knew how to act with my back and my tail;With an hour of rehearsal, I never could fail.I'd a voice that would soften the hardest of hearts,Whether I took the lead, or in character parts.I have sat by the bedside of poor Little Nell;When the Curfew was rung, then I swung on the bell.In the Pantomime season I never fell flat,And I once understudied Dick Whittington's Cat.But my grandest creation, as history will tell,Was Firefrorefiddle, the Fiend of the Fell."Then, if someone will give him a toothful of gin,He will tell how he once played a part in East Lynne.At a Shakespeare performance he once walked on pat, When some actor suggested the need for a cat.He once played a Tiger--could do it again--Which an Indian Colonel purused down a drain.And he thinks that he still can, much better than most, Produce blood-curdling noises to bring on the Ghost.And he once crossed the stage on a telegraph wire,To rescue a child when a house was on fire.And he says: "Now then kittens, they do not get trainedAs we did in the days when Victoria reigned.They never get drilled in a regular troupe,And they think they are smart, just to jump through a hoop." And he'll say, as he scratches himself with his claws, "Well, the Theatre's certainly not what it was.These modern productions are all very well,But there's nothing to equal, from what I hear tell,That moment of mysteryWhen I made historyAs Firefrorefiddle, the Fiend of the Fell."Bustopher Jones: The Cat about TownBustopher Jones is not skin and bones--In fact, he's remarkably fat.He doesn't haunt pubs--he has eight or nine clubs, For he's the St. James's Street Cat!He's the Cat we all greet as he walks down the street In his coat of fastidious black:No commonplace mousers have such well-cut trousers Or such an impreccable back.In the whole of St. James's the smartest of names is The name of this Brummell of Cats;And we're all of us proud to be nodded or bowed toBy Bustopher Jones in white spats!His visits are occasional to the Senior EducationalAnd it is against the rulesFor any one Cat to belong both to thatAnd the Joint Superior Schools.For a similar reason, when game is in seasonHe is found, not at Fox's, but Blimpy's;He is frequently seen at the gay Stage and Screen Which is famous for winkles and shrimps.In the season of venison he gives his ben'sonTo the Pothunter's succulent bones;And just before noon's not a moment too soonTo drop in for a drink at the Drones.When he's seen in a hurry there's probably curryAt the Siamese--or at the Glutton;If he looks full of gloom then he's lunched at the Tomb On cabbage, rice pudding and mutton.So, much in this way, passes Bustopher's day-At one club or another he's found.It can be no surprise that under our eyesHe has grown unmistakably round.He's a twenty-five pounder, or I am a bounder,And he's putting on weight every day:But he's so well preserved because he's observedAll his life a routine, so he'll say.Or, to put it in rhyme: "I shall last out my time"Is the word of this stoutest of Cats.It must and it shall be Spring in Pall MallWhile Bustopher Jones wears white spats!Skimbleshanks: The Railway CatThere's a whisper down the line at 11.39When the Night Mail's ready to depart,Saying "Skimble where is Skimble has he gone to hunt the thimble? We must find him or the train can't start."All the guards and all the porters and the stationmaster's daughters They are searching high and low,Saying "Skimble where is Skimble for unless he's very nimbleThen the Night Mail just can't go."At 11.42 then the signal's nearly dueAnd the passengers are frantic to a man--Then Skimble will appear and he'll saunter to the rear:He's been busy in the luggage van!He gives one flash of his glass-green eyesAnd the signal goes "All Clear!"And we're off at last for the northern partOf the Northern Hemisphere!You may say that by and large it is Skimble who's in chargeOf the Sleeping Car Express.From the driver and the guards to the bagmen playing cardsHe will supervise them all, more or less.Down the corridor he paces and examines all the facesOf the travellers in the First and the Third;He establishes control by a regular patrolAnd he'd know at once if anything occurred.He will watch you without winking and he sees what you are thinking And it's certain that he doesn't approveOf hilarity and riot, so the folk are very quietWhen Skimble is about and on the move.You can play no pranks with Skimbleshanks!He's a Cat that cannot be ignored;So nothing goes wrong on the Northern Mail。
During the holidays,I found myself with an abundance of free time,which I decided to utilize by immersing myself in the world of books.Reading has always been a passion of mine,and the holiday period provided the perfect opportunity to delve into a variety of literary works.I began my reading journey with a classic novel,Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. This timeless piece of literature captivated me with its intricate portrayal of societal norms and the complexities of human relationships.The wit and charm of Elizabeth Bennet,the protagonist,resonated with me,and I found myself engrossed in her story.Next,I turned to the world of science fiction and picked up1984by George Orwell.This dystopian novel was a stark contrast to the genteel setting of Pride and Prejudice,yet it was equally thoughtprovoking.The chilling depiction of a totalitarian regime and the constant surveillance of its citizens made me reflect on the importance of freedom and privacy in our modern world.As the holidays progressed,I also explored the realm of nonfiction.Sapiens:A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari was a fascinating read that provided a comprehensive overview of the history of our species.It was incredible to see how far weve come and the various challenges weve overcome as a civilization.In addition to these heavier reads,I also enjoyed lighter,more contemporary works.The Fault in Our Stars by John Green was a poignant and heartwrenching story about love, loss,and the resilience of the human spirit.The raw emotions and relatable characters made this book a memorable read.Throughout the holidays,reading became a daily ritual for me.It was a way to escape the mundane and explore new worlds,ideas,and perspectives.Each book I read left a lasting impression on me,broadening my horizons and enriching my understanding of the world.Moreover,reading during the holidays allowed me to develop a deeper appreciation for the power of literature.It can inspire,educate,and entertain,all at the same time.As I return to my daily routine,I plan to continue this habit of reading,as it has become an integral part of my life.In conclusion,my holiday reading experience was both enlightening and enjoyable.It not only provided a welcome break from the usual hustle and bustle but also expanded my intellectual and emotional horizons.I look forward to many more holidays filled with the joy of reading.。
小学上册英语第一单元测验试卷考试时间:80分钟(总分:110)A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力题:She has a pretty ________.2. 选择题:What do you call the scientific study of the mind and behavior?A. PsychologyB. SociologyC. AnthropologyD. Psychiatry答案: A3. 听力题:Acids taste ________ and can be corrosive.4. 听力题:When a solid dissolves in a liquid, it forms a ______.5. 听力题:Acids and bases can neutralize each other to form ______.6. 选择题:What is a common pet that purrs?A. DogB. RabbitC. CatD. Hamster答案: C7. 选择题:What is the name of the famous landmark in Egypt?A. Great WallB. PyramidsC. ColosseumD. Stonehenge答案: B8. 听力题:We like to swim in the _____ (游泳池).9. 填空题:I like to play ______ (桌面游戏) with my siblings on weekends.10. 选择题:Which fruit is yellow?A. AppleB. BananaC. GrapeD. Cherry11. 填空题:My cousin is very __________ (活泼的) and energetic.12. 填空题:My favorite actress is _______ (名字). 她的表演很 _______ (形容词).13. 听力题:My brother is very ________.14. 填空题:The owl rests during the ______ (白天).15. ts can survive in extreme __________ (条件). 填空题:Some pla16. 填空题:My _____ (外婆) makes the best cookies.17. 听力题:A __________ is a valuable resource for industry.18. 选择题:What is the primary language spoken in the USA?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. Chinese答案: CThe __________ (历史的视野) expands understanding.20. 听力题:The main gas produced during combustion is __________.21. 选择题:Which food is made from milk?a. Breadb. Cheesec. Riced. Pasta答案:b22. 填空题:The _______ (Fossils) help us learn about ancient life on Earth.23. 选择题:What is the currency used in the USA?A. DollarB. EuroC. YenD. Pound24. 填空题:I enjoy baking ______ (蛋糕) for special occasions.25. 填空题:I received a _____ (乐器) as a gift and I want to learn to play it. 我收到了一件乐器作为礼物,我想学会演奏它。
第一单元测评第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How will the man go home?A.By bus.B.By taxi.C.By car.2.How does Bob find the play last night?A.Interesting.B.Special.C.Boring.3.When does the conversation take place?A.In February.B.In April.C.In September.4.What is Amy’s favourite design?A.Figures.B.Animals.C.Flowers.5.What is the most expensive thing that the woman orders?A.Her drink.B.Her bread.C.Her vegetable.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Where does the conversation take place?A.In a park.B.At a restaurant.C.In an office.7.What is Alice doing now?A.She’s looking for a new job.B.She’s working for a company.C.She’s studying at a university.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
学习必备欢迎下载动物类题目1.动物实验2.保护野生动物3.饲养宠物4.动物园是否有用?5.动物是衣服和食物的来源6.动物作为食物1.vivisection活体解剖2.perform experiments on animals在动物身上做试验3.test animals用于实验的动物4.be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验5.animal rights动物权利6.clinical research临床研究7.cruel残忍的8.extremist极端主义者9.medical research医学研究10.origin of species物种起源11.alternative method替代的方法12.biological diversity生物多样性13.natural balance自然平衡14.equilibrium of ecosystem生态平衡15.coexistence共存16.endangered animals濒危动物17.diversity of species物种多样性18.shameless令人羞愧的19.barbaric野蛮的20.live and let live活着就是与万物共存21.meaningless没有意义的22.dominant species优势物种boratory实验室24.vaccine疫苗25.infringement践踏26.right to live生存权27.torture折磨28.anti-science反科学的29.life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病30.scientific gains科学成果31.an ever-lasting theme一个永恒的主题32.evolution进化puter simulation电脑模拟34.groundless没有理由的35.humane人道的36.medical technology医疗技术37.anatomy解剖38.equal公平的39.unreliable不可信赖的40.valid有效的、正当的41. be convicted for...被认定有罪42. using live animals in clinical training program用活动物做临床试验100911Some people think it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it is cruel to do that. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.1.动物实验的合理性是一个极具争议的话题。
实用乳房炎指导Lynda McDonald MBA P.G Dip B.Sc 麦琳娜Milk Quality Manager 牛奶质量经理DeLaval China 利拉伐中国麦琳娜获新西兰梅西大学MBA,理学学士(动物科学和生理学双学位);现任新西兰奶泵贸易协会成员(NZMPTA),该协会负责奶牛养殖业相关标准制定。
2013年7月,麦琳娜女士任利拉伐中国牛奶质量经理,致力于国内牧场的牛奶质量提升工作,解决牛奶质量方面的问题。
麦琳娜自幼在牧场上长大,在农业领域工作近15年,涉及奶牛养殖与乳品业、农产品零售业和肉制品加工等多个产业,积累了大量知识和经验。
她在奶牛养殖、牧场人力资源管理、实验室微生物技术及农产品营销方面造诣很深;多年来一直致力于对牧场一线员工、主管及经理人的培训工作,包括养牛技术、人员管理和牧场经营策略等,以提升牛奶质量;为多个国家提供牛奶质量培训和咨询服务。
她擅于为牧场建立实用性强的工作系统和操作流程,从而提升牧场的工作效率和质量,培养主管和经理人的领导力和管理能力,帮助牧场收获高品质牛奶。
提高牛奶质量的需求来自于市场和消费者。
我们都希望我们喝的牛奶、消费的奶制品、给孩子喂的奶粉都值得信赖。
因此,在乳品行业我们扮演着特殊的角色——既是终端消费者,又是首位质量把控者。
我们清楚所消费的奶制品的来源,这最终有助于我们明白需要做哪些努力来满足消费者对于牛奶质量的需求。
本文重点针对牛奶质量的体细胞数这一方面,并涉及到乳房炎。
在这篇文章中,我将重点阐述“哪些方面需要提高”,“为什么要提高”以及“怎样提高”。
乳腺炎是花费最高的奶牛疾病之一。
健康的乳房不仅盈利,还能提高牛奶质量及奶牛福利。
道理就是这么简单,若能降低乳腺炎发病率,就能提高盈利水平。
所以,当你想通过削减成本来提高盈利能力的时候,请专注于降低乳腺炎发病率。
就像在做拼图游戏一样,解决问题的关键在于多次尝试以找到答案。
综合可得到的全部信息,并与所有相关人员沟通,以做到对所处状况有全面的把握。
参加过西安奶业大会利拉伐乳房炎VIP专场的人能理解我说的意思。
以下是我尝试过的有关乳房炎防治的指导方针,这是一套真正的使用模型。
多年来,我将信息简化,浓缩成一份简单易懂的抗击奶牛乳房炎的“地图”。
当然,牧场情况不一样,解决方案也会不同,但是以下七个主题(预防,检测,识别,记录,分离,治疗,信息流通)涵盖了所有重要的方面。
想要全面了解乳房炎,首先需要全面了解这七个主题,并围绕其展开调查。
想要抗击乳房炎,只关注其中一个方面是远远不够的,必须关注所有方面。
就像拼图一样,须要看到整个大象!想要提高牛奶质量,我们就要像中医一样工作:用眼观察,用手感觉,张口问询,听辨异常。
最重要的,我们要动脑思考,想出一个严格的解决问题的方案。
乳房炎从来都不是一个因素导致的,往往是多种因素共同作用的结果。
预防(注意这个列表不是很详尽,但是可以作为首要考虑的关注点)为什么:预防总是胜于治疗!乳房炎预防的成本比较高,但效果很显著,可以有效减少牛场的应激反应,提高奶牛健康和福利。
美国乳房炎协会预测,没有有效的乳房炎控制方案的牛场,平均有两个乳区感染的牛群感染率大约为40%。
拙见认为,预防是乳房炎控制最为重要的方面,在此给出一些牛场操作的实践建议,方便牛场不再盲目的查找原因,而导致乳房炎控制失败。
但请注意:如果乳房炎问题出现,可以对照这些建议,将在哪里作为首要关注和改进的方面……1.是什么:干净卫生的牛舍和卧床条件(泌乳牛舍、干奶牛舍和犊牛舍都很重要)a.为什么:污浊、温暖和潮湿的环境是细菌滋生的最佳条件。
如果牛舍中存在一些“污染源”,如污浊的通道、脏水洼、污浊的卧床,这些将给细菌污染奶牛乳头提供便捷的通道,进而进入乳头导管,导致乳腺感染。
大量的研究显示卫生条件差可以导致乳房健康问题。
b.怎样做:每次奶牛离开牛舍去挤奶时,打扫牛舍和卧床 – 清除卧床上的粪便,确保卧床尽可能干燥,垫料干净、干燥并定期更换。
每种垫料(沙子、锯末、稻壳、堆肥粪便)的管理方式不同,所以必须清楚所用垫料的最佳管理方式。
同时确保牛舍有足够的下水道并且通畅,不会形成积水。
牛舍的刮板按照供应商要求做预防性维护,并处于良好的运行状态。
2.是什么:打扫通道没有粪便,没有粪污飞溅到乳房a.为什么:如果粪便或污水溅到乳房上,可能导致细菌进入乳头导管,进而引发乳腺感染。
b.怎样做:尽可能将通道打扫干净,将低洼处的污水通过下水道排出,减少飞溅起来的可能性。
奶牛进入奶厅时不要冲刷奶厅进口!待所有牛只离开奶厅后,再打开水管冲洗奶厅。
请牢记,挤奶完成后的30分钟内,乳导管处于开张状态,这时保持奶牛站立至关重要,料槽内的新鲜饲料将会有很大的帮助!3.是什么:每2500挤奶头次更换奶衬a.为什么:使用超过2500挤奶头次的奶衬,由于吸收了脂肪,常接触清洗剂,并在真空和脉动的作用下不断收缩,导致橡胶老化,失去弹性和伸展特性,从而挤奶性能降低。
老化的奶衬挤奶不完全,使乳腺剩奶增多,同时会有大量细菌爆发的可能性,而导致牛奶中的细菌总数增加。
b.怎样做:可以与奶衬供应商一起 – 根据挤奶点的数量、泌乳牛的数量和每天的挤奶次数,计算奶衬的使用频率。
例如(1000头泌乳牛×每天3次挤奶 / 48个挤奶点)=62.5挤奶头次每天每头牛,2500/62.5=40,所以这个牛场需要每40天更换奶衬。
4.是什么:定期给挤奶机服务保养,真空和脉动很重要a.为什么:如果脉动工作不正常,将产生持续真空作用于乳头,导致乳头水肿、过度角质化,损伤乳头,给奶牛带来疼痛,乳房炎发病增多。
如果真空太高,也可造成过度角质化,发生过挤,增加乳房炎发生的几率。
如果真空过低,很可能发生掉杯,使挤奶中断,增加细菌进入乳头导管的风险,导致乳房炎。
b.怎样做:确保挤奶机供应商可以提供并进行预防性维护保养和ISO测试,使设备运行状态最佳,可以安全、温和、有效的给奶牛挤奶。
5.是什么:乳头前药浴与后药浴a.为什么:前药浴可以显著降低传染性乳房炎传播的风险(无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、支原体1),而后药浴可减少50%新发病例的感染风险。
b.怎样做:确保使用通过认证的乳头药浴液,按照标签建议使用,使用最佳用水量正确混合,尽可能100%浸没乳头表面。
前药浴时,药浴液应在乳头表面停留30秒,然后擦干。
药浴可以使用药浴杯或药浴喷枪,但药浴杯的覆盖效果比药浴喷枪好,擦干与清洁使用干毛巾或纸巾,且每个乳头擦拭都使用干净的部分。
且须经常清洗药浴杯,至少保证每天一次。
6.是什么:正确的挤奶流程,不可过挤!a.为什么:过挤可导致乳头的过度角质化,增加细菌在乳头末端藏匿的面积,进而增加细菌进入乳头的可能性,使乳腺感染的几率升高。
b.怎样做:确保自动脱杯设置为400ml。
如果没有自动脱杯系统,确保脱杯时集乳器内容仍有牛奶,如果集乳器没有牛奶流出,说明已发生过挤,应该早一些脱杯。
7.是什么:杯组摆放位置正确,奶衬与牛群匹配a.为什么:不正确的奶衬匹配性意味着奶衬与乳头不匹配。
如果奶衬太大,导致奶衬唇口挤压乳头,不能有效挤奶;如果奶衬太小,可导致滑杯,使空气和细菌进入奶衬。
杯组上推、下拉或偏向一侧,都会对乳腺健康造成危害,使进入奶衬的空气和细菌增加,提高乳房炎发生的风险。
b.怎样做:杯组正确的位置应垂直于乳腺下方,不可上推、下拉或偏向一侧。
应该进行奶衬与牛群的匹配性检查,保证乳头与奶衬可以良好的匹配。
可以咨询挤奶机供应商如何做匹配性检查。
8.是什么:尽可能维持奶牛乳房与四肢的清洁a.为什么?奶牛四肢和乳房上的污物可以滋生细菌。
牛体污浊是发生乳房炎的重要决定因素。
研究显示,与乳房卫生评分1-2的奶牛相比较,采集乳房卫生评分3-4分奶牛的奶样,分离出主要致病菌的几率是前者的1.5倍。
b.怎样做?尽可能保持牛舍环境与通道清洁。
检查!9.是什么:确保干奶牛和乳房炎牛的治疗都是由受过培训的员工执行,并清楚严格的卫生条件的重要性。
a.为什么?有很多乳腺感染实际上都是在治疗过程中由于不重视卫生因素而导致的。
干奶时如果不小心也会导致乳腺感染!干奶时,奶牛度过一个应激期,此阶段奶牛抗击感染的自然免疫能力降低。
b.怎样做?如果治疗管的末端沾有细菌,治疗时就可能被带入乳头导管。
所以消毒乳头末端,并且治疗管不要与任何物体(奶牛四肢、手指等)接触。
对所有治疗人员进行培训,保证正确、严格的执行操作流程,直至不需要监督,可以独立完成。
10.是什么?干奶牛。
确保干奶牛“不被遗忘”,并且环境卫生、干净。
a.为什么?有研究显示干净的干奶牛与大缸奶低体细胞数的关联性。
认为干奶后几天及产奶前3周是牛乳腺对感染最为敏感的时期。
大量研究显示,泌乳早期的很多临床乳房炎病例都是源于干奶期的乳腺感染。
包括:泌乳前100天52%的肠杆菌感染临床乳房炎、61%的所有革兰氏阴性乳腺内新感染病例、51%的所有环境性链球菌乳腺内新感染例、56%的乳房链球菌引起的临床型乳房炎病例、33%的停乳链球菌引起的临床型乳房炎。
b.怎样做?关注所有干奶牛舍的卫生条件,并不断保持卫生,卧床没有粪便,通道清洁,没有水洼形成。
11.是什么?保持产房清洁与卫生。
a.为什么?围产期奶牛乳房水肿,并充盈初乳,可能还有乳头漏奶,非常易感乳房炎。
b.怎样做?关注所有产房的卫生条件,清理被污染的垫料及分娩残留物,并不断保持卫生,卧床没有粪便,通道清洁,没有水洼形成。
来源:牛奶质量,威斯康辛大学,Pamela Ruegg.这套卫生评分体系可以很好地应用于评估由环境卫生状况引发的乳房炎风险。
争取将评分控制在1分,3-4分表明患乳房炎的风险很高。
检测是什么:挤奶工在乳房炎的检测中起到很重要的作用。
主要通过眼观判断:乳腺有无水肿、发热、头把奶里是否有血奶、奶中是否有凝块、奶汁是否有异常,挤完奶后还可以检查滤纸上是否有奶块。
如果检查到滤纸上有奶块,意味着挤头把奶时有未被检出的乳房炎感染牛。
为什么:如果不能尽早诊断乳房炎感染,大多数病例将会继续恶化。
而没有被诊断的原因,可能是感染乳区已经干奶,所以与预期产奶量差距很大,导致产奶量下降,利润减少。
怎样做: 1 使用乳汁检查杯,将头3-5把奶挤至黑色的检查杯上(黑色更有利于检查乳房炎)- 检查异常乳。
2脱杯后检查挤奶不完全的乳区,如果挤奶不完全的乳区还可以挤出3-5把奶,检查异常乳。
与挤奶前一样,同样需要培训挤奶工挤奶后乳房炎的检查工作。
3如果有异常乳检出 – 这头牛必须识别并监测,如有必要,还需要隔离和治疗。
识别是什么:正确的辨识有问题的牛并在乳房上标记,方便可以眼观识别病牛。
为什么:这将在隔离和兽医ID流程中节省时间和精力,尤其如果兽医按照耳标找牛,效率会很低,而如果乳房上有眼观标记则会快很多。
这还可以避免有问题的牛在奶厅被识别,但回到牛舍却找不到,因为识别后及时标记,在整个挤奶过程中都可见,同时所有员工应该清楚所做标记的含义。