简单句五种基本句型
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简单句的五种基本句型英语是一种结构型的语言,以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。
下表是简单句的五[(1)Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.() (2)BesidesJapanese,hecanalsospeakSpanish.() (3)Hisfatherusedtoworkhardtomakemuchmoney.() (4)Iintendedtolietohim,butfailed.()(5)Unfortunately,Ifailedthedrivingtest.()2.在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。
(1)Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion. (2)ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs _____me.(3)Useyourhead,andyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem. +宾语(S+Vt.+O)(S +LV +P)“保持或状态”类的有等;等。
我是高中生,他是初中生。
四年后,汤姆成了一名医生。
这故事听起来既有趣,又有教育意义。
(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短形容词作表语)) )介词短语作表语)表语从句作表语) 过去分词作表语)(现在分词短语作表语)(3)使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel 以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
如:keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell 等。
第四,非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解,高中阶段将涉及。
)例如:Aftertwo-day’streatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt) Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.(不用isremained)比较:We grew sometreesaroundourschoolandthey grow greennow.(grew 是及物动词,意思是________;而grow 是系动词,意思是________) Thepetdog keeps clean.Itis kept byJohnson.(keeps 是________动词,意思是________;而kept 是________动词,意思是________)JustnowI felt thetableandit felt smooth.(摸”;而第二个是________动词,意思是[练习]e)engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱ce.(7)Pleasekeep__________(安静句型四:主谓双宾结构=主语+及物动词+DO)[讲解](1物为直接宾语。
5种简单句基本句型及句子成分名词解释前五个句型属于简单句的基本句型,后面三个是中考中重要的简单句句型,最后面是句子成分的名词解释。
—一.五种简单句基本句型1.主语+谓语”即主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明某人或某物如何动作”,或者说某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they主语)“ arrived谓语)。
2.主语+谓语+宾语”即主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“ I主语)“study谓语动作)“ English宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”即主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例: Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher主语)教”谓语动作)“us间接宾语)“English直接宾语)。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”即主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“ he主语)asked谓语动作)“ her宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there 补”(语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”即(“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。
常用的联系动词有be, keep ,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
简单句的五种基本句型只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句,有以下五种基本句型:1.主语+不及物动词(主谓)History advances.(The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 并列句)2.主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)He knows some English and French.3.主语+系动词+表语He seems (to be) happy.He remained silent through the meeting.4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Her mother bought her a new dress.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语She made her diary her best friend. (m1u1p2)He thought English easy.They watched the train leaving the station.系动词的分类1.表示状态存在:be, seem, appear, keep, remain, stay, continue, hold, lie, stand, prove, etc.2.表示感觉:look, sound, taste, smell, feel3.表示状态变化:become, grow, come, get, go, fall, run, turn, etc.I stayed awake on purpose… (m1u1p2)The weather continued cold.Hold still. 不要动。
The book lay open on the table.Fish soon goes bad/ rotten in hot weather.I turned off the light and fell asleep.Drinking water is running short. 饮用水快用完了。
简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+谓语(不及物动词)2、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语3、主语+系动词+表语4、主语+谓语+间宾(表示人)+直宾(表示物)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语▲主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、系动词)、宾语及宾语补足语可以称为基本句子成分。
完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
主语:名词、代词、The + adj、V-ing、动词不定式、从句宾语:名词、代词、The + adj、V-ing、动词不定式、从句宾补:名词、形容词、副词、V-ing、V-ed、从句等联系动词:be / feel/ taste / smell / look(感官动词)/appear /seem/(好像)become /get / grow / turn/go (变化)remain/ keep/stay(保持)等表语:名词、代词、形容词、副词、V-ing、V-ed、动词不定式、从句等主语+谓语(不及物动词)总结:这种句型常与副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等状语一起连用主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语总结:作宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式、-ing分词、-ed分词等接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词有:admit, advice, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can’t help主语+谓语+间宾(表示人)+直宾(表示物)总结:to:give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, sell, send, show, teach, tellfor:buy, choose. get, leave, make, save, sing主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语总结:作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、-ing分词、-ed分词等Eg:allow, advise, ask, beg, cause, choose, encourage, force, expect, get, hate, invite, order, warn, teach, tell, want + sb. to do sth.Eg:feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, watch, see + sb. do sth.。
简单句的五种基本结构简单句的五种基本结构简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
简单句的谓语部分包括谓语动词及宾语、宾语补足语、表语等不同句子成分,不同谓语动词的不同组合形成简单句的基本句型。
一、主语+连系动词+表语1. 这一句型中的连系动词除be之外,主要有一下几类:(1) 感官系动词:feel(感到,摸起来), look(看起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来)①这衣服是丝绸织的,摸上去很柔软。
②这花闻起来很香。
(2) 渐变类系动词:become(变得,成为), come(成为,变为), fall(变得), get(变得), go(变为;成为), grow(变得), turn (变得)①我弟弟已经成为一个著名作家。
②他的梦想变成了现实。
③听到这个消息,那女孩的脸变红了。
(3) 保持类系动词:keep(保持), remain(依然), stay(保持)①请保持安静。
②你能告诉我保持年轻的秘诀吗?③冬天这座山依然是绿的。
④他一直在这个学校当了二十年的老师。
2. 表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、数词、介词等来充当。
如:①他是个化学家。
②这些铅笔是我的。
③他的讲话既长又令人厌烦。
④孩子们出去了。
二、主语+不及物动词1. 本句型的不及物动词是表意动词,在句中作谓语,说明主语的行动、状态或心理活动。
有时态变化,人称和数要和主语保持一致。
常见的不及物动词有agree, arrive, burn, come, dance, die, fall, fly, go, hurry, jump, leave(离开), listen, live, look, move, play, rest, ring, rise, run, shout, sit, skate, smile, snow, speak, stand, stay, stop, swim, travel, talk, try, wait, walk, work, worry等(1) 月亮升起来了。
简单句的五种基本句型简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。
这五种基本句型是:1.主语+不及物动词(主谓结构)本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。
此句型中不及物动词的常用法:(1)一般表达型。
此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。
如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
(2)主动形式表示被动含义型。
此类动词常见的有:read, sell, wash, write, clean 等。
如:The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。
This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。
2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构)本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
(1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)如:That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。
It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。
(2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语)如:Later he became a scientist. 他后来成为一个科学家。
He is a student. 他是个学生。
(3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语)如:He is near. 他在附近。
This is of importance. 这很重要。
You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾结构)此结构是由"主语+谓语+宾语"构成。
巩固练习依照例句,画出下列简单句的构成成分,在括号中写出下面简单句所使用的句型。
1.Guadually he become silent.2.Will you do me a favor?3.The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere.4.We talked for half an hour.5.The guests left most of the dishes untouched.6.He denied her nothing .7.She gave me her telephone number .8.He found us speaking very good English .9.The last one to arrive pays the mail.二、简单句的五种基本句型(一)句型一:S+Vi该句型有两种基本句式1、主语+谓语(不及物动词Vi)。
例如:We all breathe .2、主语+谓语(不及物动词Vi)+状语。
例如:Light travels most quickly .不及物动词(Vi),是指动词之后不需接宾语,就可以表达一个完整的意思,常见的动词有work study walk live read laugh smile sing 等。
巩固练习翻译句子1.这一数字在2012年再次上升,达到2000万。
2.每天8点开始上课。
3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
(二)句型二:S+ Vt + O该句型中的动词为及物动词(Vt)。
及物动词,是指动词后需跟上宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思,宾语常为名词、代词、动词ing 形式或者动词不定式等,常见的动词有like get ask stop enjoy finish read tell 等。
注意由“动词+副词”构成的及物短语后面须带宾语。
简单句的五种基本类型一、一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成The man is a teacher.主语部分谓语部分He works hard.主语部分谓语部分He teaches English well.主语部分谓语部分●连系动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得●主要动词行为动词不及物动词laugh / smlie / look / listen及物动词see / hear / drank / eat助动词be (am / is /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / had辅助动词will / shall / be going to情态动词can / may / must / shall / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had better●表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。
由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的才是表语!eg.He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.He looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.●什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢⑴、及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / …I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.⑵、不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …She smiled happily.They laughed loudly.(3)、如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match.及物动词例句:She teaches us.She teaches EnglishShe teaches us EnglishShe told me a storyHe gave me a present二、主谓双宾结构主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语可以用于这种句式的动词主要有(A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / doHe bought me a new bike.也可以改为for sb. 的句式He bought a new bike for me.(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / handShe lent me a book.也可以改为to sb. 的句式She lent a book to me.三、主谓宾宾补结构主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancingOur teacher asks us to read English every day.可以用于这种句式的动词主要有let / make sb. do sth.ask / tell / want / allow / wish . sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teachfind / see / hear / watch / notice / feel ①sb. do sth.②sb. doing sthhelp sb. (to) do sthhope和welcome 比较特殊--我们可以说:I hope to visit your school.I hope that you can visit our school.I wish you to visit our school.Welcome to visit our school.You are welcome to visit our school.Welcome to our school.但不可以说:I hope / welcome you to visit our school原来也蛮简单的哦!我来分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分[1]主系表型She is a very good girl .(主语) (连系动词) (表语)The girl is very good.(主语) (连系动词) (表语)[2] 主谓型①、主谓式: They ‖laughed.(主语) (谓语动词)The kites ‖fly in the sky.(主语) (谓语动词)②主谓宾式: I ‖bought a new bike.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)He ‖plays volleyball.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)[3]主谓宾宾式:She ‖told me a story.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语He ‖gave me a good book.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语)[4]主谓宾宾补式He ‖asked me to help him.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)He ‖made me happy. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)。
英语简单句的五种基本句型只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子,称作简单句。
简单句有以下5种基本句型。
1、S主+Vi不及物:Wecome我们来;2、S主+V系+P表:Classisover下课了;3、S主+Vt及物+O宾:Shehateshim她恨他;4、S主+Vt及物+IO间宾+DO直宾:Shegavemeanewbook.他给了我一本新书;5、S主+Vt及物+O宾+OC宾补:WenamedourbabyTom.我们给孩子取名汤姆。
5种基本句型用法详解1、主+谓=S+Vi(主+不及物动词)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。
主语一般在句首。
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)Thebabycried.婴儿哭了Wecome.我们来1)S+Vi+副词(状语)eg:Birdssingbeautifully.2)S+Vi+介词短语(状语)eg:Hewentonholiday.3)S+Vi+不定式(状语)eg:Westoppedtohavearest.4)S+Vi+分词(状语)eg:I'llgoswimming.此句型的句子有一个共同特点:即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
2、S+V系+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
表语也就是主语的补足语ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thedinnersmellsgood.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.1)S+V+名词/代词eg:Heisaboy.2)S+V+形容词eg:Sheisbeautiful.3)S+V+副词eg:Classisover.4)S+V+介词短语eg:Heisingoodhealth.5)S+V+分词eg:Heisexcited.3、S+Vt+O(主+及物+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
名词性从句知识回顾SV / SVP / SVOS VO1 O2 O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语/ S V O C1.svp主要用以说明主语的特征,状态,身份等。
P一般是形容词或名词,V是系动词*svp结构不用进行时;不用被动语态表语不能是副词。
turn/become用法区别常见的系动词:▪(1)表示特征和存在状态的▪be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound.▪(2)表示状态延续的▪Keep/stay/remain▪(3)表示状态变化的▪become, get, turn, go, come1. The cotton feels ______ .( A. soft B. softly )2. I felt ______ sorry at his words.( A. terrible B. terribly )3. The little hero looked ______ at the enemy.( A. angry B. angrily )4. Tasting ______, the food was soon sold out.( A. good B. well )5. It is ______ of you to act ______ .( A. bad B. badly )6. Traveling is ______, and I am ______ in it.( A. interesting B. interested )7. After ten years’hard work ,he ______ writer.( A. became B. turned )翻译句子▪ 1.我的兄弟都是中学生。
▪ 2.冬季白天变短,夜晚变长。
▪ 3.布朗夫人看起来很健康。
▪ 4.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
▪ 5.孩子们,请保持安静。
▪ 6.树叶已经变黄了。
▪7.这个报告听起来很有意思。
重点:联系动词有哪些:______________________________Svp结构注意事项名词性从句I.表语从句引导表语从句的关联词的种类:从属连词that /whether / as / as if连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why。
连词because练习:找出以下的表语从句(1)The trouble is that I have lost his address. (2)He looked just as he had looked ten years before.(3)The question is whether they will be able to help us.(4)It looked as if it was going to rain. (5)The question is how he did it(6)It is because you are doing too much. (7) The reason why he came late was that he got up late this morning.单选:1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB. ifC. whenD. whether#2.The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A. becauseB. thatC. forD. because of3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left itA. whereB. thereC. there whereD. where there4.The problem is _________to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can getD. that we can get5. What I want to know is ______ he likes thegift given by us.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD.不填6. The reason is ______I missed the bus.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A. thatB. likeC. asD. as though9.—I feel sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. because10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.. because his mother is illB.B.: B bec ause of his mother’s being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. —He was born here.-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. whythat/what的区别1._______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That;how you areC. How;that you areD. What;how you are2. The trouble is __________we are short of tools.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why that3. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A. whatB.whereC. the placeD. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .A. what it used to beB. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be5. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A. What … thatB. That … whatC. What … whatD. That … what 6. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. such高考练习1—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .—Is that_____ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A. why B .what C. when D. where2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.(1998上海)A. It’s the reasonB. That’s whyC. There’s whyD. It’s how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.(06全国)A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what4. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春)---Oh, that’s _____.A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.(2004湖北)A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way whichII..同位语从句1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A .that B. what C .why D. which2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. why3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. when4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. whichB. thatC./D. it5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A. whenB. thatC. whatD./6.I've come from the government with amessage ____ the meeting won't be heldtomorrow.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. whichB. whetherC. thatD. what9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A. thatB. asC. of which D .which10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A. whetherB. where C .that D. when III..主语从句连词:that/whether 连接代词:who/what/which/whoever/whatever/whichever 连接副词:when/where/how/why 连接形容词:whose/what/whichIt be+n./p.p/adj./vi+that—clause划出以下主语从句:(1) Who killed the man remains a question.(2)What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies in the world.(3)How these stones were conveyed there is still a mystery.(4)Whether we can control the floods is still unknown.(5)When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.(6)It is no surprise that our team has won the game.(7)It is reported that China has sent another man—made earth satellite into orbit,(8)It is necessary that one should master a skill.(9)It seems that he is right.(10) It appeared that he was honest.(11) It happens that he is my schoolmate.翻译:地球是圆的是众所周知的事情。