学年第二学期期中考试参考答案

2023-2024学年七年级下学期语文期中考试卷（含答案）（试卷满分120分考试时间120分钟）一、积累与运用（25分）1．下列加点词语注音完全正确的一项是（）（2分）A．哺．育（bǔ）迭．起（dié）彭湃．（bài）气冲斗．牛（dǒu）B．彷．徨（páng）花圃．（pǔ）深邃．（suì）迥．乎不同（jiǒng）C．呜咽．（yàn）山涧．（jiàn）徘．徊（huái）锲．而不舍（qì）D．亘．古（gèn）愧．怍（kuì）踱．步（duó）叱咤．风云（chà）2．下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（）（2分）A．屏障抱歉取谛心不在焉一泻万丈B．斑斓泛滥震悚大庭广众家喻户晓C．咀嚼烦锁卓越妇孺皆知酣然入梦D．惶恐懊悔诧异群蚁排衙鞠躬尽粹3．依次填入下列句子横线上的词语，恰当的一项是（）（2分）你的名字无人知晓，你的__________永世长存。

在历史的天空中，当年的烽火连天、金戈铁马已经远去，但__________是在世的老兵还是血染沙场的每一位英烈，都值得我们永远__________。

不管时代如何变迁，英雄人物始终是__________历史的精神坐标。

A．功劳即使铭刻标注B．功勋即使铭记标记C．功绩无论铭刻标榜D．功勋无论铭记标注4．下面句子没有语病的一项是（）（2分）A．电视剧《狂飙》讲述的是省督导组与京海市位高权重的贪腐分子之间斗智斗勇的故事。

B．农民工返乡和大学毕业生就业难的问题，广泛引起了全社会的关注。

C．许多父母对孩子过于溺爱，养成饭来张口，衣来身手，这对孩子的成长是十分有害的。

D．通过开展“城乡环境综合治理”活动，使我市环境卫生状况有了很大改变。

5．下列各项中结合语段分析有误的一项是（）（2分）面临祸患而不忘国家，这是忠心的表现：想到危难而不放弃职守，这是诚信的表现：为了国家的利益而置生死于度外，这是坚贞的表现。

上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试英语试题高一______班学号______ 姓名______ 成绩______Ⅰ．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．15 dollars. B．20 dollars. C．25 dollars. D．45 dollars.2．A．To the gallery. B．To the dentist’s.C．To her flat. D．To the garage.3．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law.C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website.4．A．Patient and doctor. B．Resident and government official.C．Customer and insurance agent. D．Boss and secretary.5．A．He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B．He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson.C．All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D．He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company.6．A．She prefers dogs to cats.B．She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter.C．She used to sorrow over her dog’s death.D．She is always in low spirits.7．A．The woman should get the chips herself. B．The woman shouldn’t eat chips.C．The woman used to have several heart attacks. D．The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place.B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C．They have already had the meeting.D They will have the meeting sometime later.9．A．The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply.B．The woman has listed the car’s advantages.C．The woman received a car a month ago. D．The woman didn’t like the car.10．A．She won’t do the presentation.B．She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C．She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D．The topic is most important for the presentation.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．The type of food you freeze. B．The way you warm up the frozen food.C．Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D．What temperature you set your freezer to. 12．A．Because they can be easily stocked.B．Because they fit well in the fridge.C．Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D．Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13．A．Prevent people from eating too much food.B．Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad.C．Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D．Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14．A．Postpone retirement age. B．Involve more women in work.C．Hire more foreign workers. D．Attract workers with high salaries.15．A．Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B．Take care of children and the elderly.C．Finally replace humans in workforce. D．Give humans more time to r creative work. 16．A．Robots can’t do certain work. B．Some people don’t accept robots.C．The expenses for robots are still high. D．The functions of robots need improving.17．A．Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B．Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C．Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry.D．Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18．A．The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B．Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C．The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D．Everyone will be able to afford the ticket.19．A．Book tickets as soon as they are available. B．Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C．Compare deals from different sources. D．Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20．A．Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B．Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour.C．Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D．Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket.Ⅱ．Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice21．No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A．which B．that C．who D．as22．______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A．Who do you suggest that should B．Who do you suggestC．Whom do you suggest should D．Do you suggest who should23．I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A．which, as B．which, which C．which, where D．as, in which24．The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A．that, that B．why, that C．why, because D．/, because25．It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A．since, made possible B．before, make possibleC．since, made possible that D．before, make it possible26．The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A．how it intended to B．that it had intended toC．as it intended to D．what it was intended to27．It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A．the moment, that B．the moment, whenC．the moment when, that D．the moment when, which28．The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A．so that, as B．such that, as C．so that, with D．such that, in that29．His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A．who, when B．who, / C．what, / D．what, that30．It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A but. that B．as, that C．nor, which D．like, which31．______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A．No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B．Hardly had he sweep the floors clean whenC．Barely he had swept the floors clean than D．Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when32．Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A．being at home, he should provide B．he be at home, he providedC．he was at home, be provide D．he was at home, he providing33．Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A．though B．if C．as D．unless34．The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process.A．explanation B．demonstrations C．illustrations D．presentations35．The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A．embraces B．identifies C．examines D．criticizes36．______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A．Overwhelmed B．Disappointed C．Frustrated D．Shocked37．After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A．concerned with B．committed to C．informed of D convinced of38．When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance.A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break down39．The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A．hang on to B．settle for C．pass up D．sign for40．After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A．reluctant to B．obliged to C．motivated to D．honored to41．Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______ A．worthwhile to develop B．worth being developedC．worthy to be developed D．worthy of developingSection B VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 42Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, 43 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 44 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with culturalmeaning and the subject of various 45 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma（污名）attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 46 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars—came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s 47 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 48 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 49 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 50 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 51 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. Ⅲ．Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 52 his idea-a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine（豪车）to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 53 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 54 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 55 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 56 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for ourcareers-education, training, taking advantage of mentoring-all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 57 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 58 like luck.The reality of success （at least in terms of 59 ）is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 60 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 61 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 62 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use 63 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter. poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 64 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 65 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur·but it is all about the individual’s 66 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.52．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject53．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes54．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on55．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature56．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence57．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens58．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor59．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation60．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse61．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly62．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university63．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections64．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back65．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging66．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolutionSection B Passages（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the burnt garlic’s smell, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves（蒜瓣）in an electric oven, and after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and pac ks them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garl ic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic isthoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, lwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）. 67．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder” in the second paragraph?A mistake B．show C．mixture D．brand68．Who is NOT suitable to drink garlic coffee?A．A student having trouble with sleep B．A woman bearing a baby.C．A cleaner working on a day shift. D．A young lady sick of garlic.69．Which of the following is NOT characteristic of garlic coffee?A．It is caffeine-free. B．Garlic powder dissolves in waterC．The burnt garlic create s bitterness. D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish.70．Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A．Venturous and greedy B．Innovative and perseverantC．Hardworking and cautious D．Observant and helpful（B）71．By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A．make sense to manufacturers B．get stuck in storesC are compared with each other D．are piled up together72．Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A．Dreampad pillow B．Eight sleep trackerC．Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D．Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System73．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B．The Nightinga, is an economical but perfect device.C．Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D．One in three people suffer from sleep problem.（C）One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches（雀）resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers（莺）exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off（权衡）has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms （算法）, trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn’t much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo（原状）. When the going gets tough. however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the Univ ersity of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on “bottom longline” fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O’Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy （浮标）at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly c onsistent. “The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what theyknow,” Dr. O’Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they’d sample new places.In the long run, there wasn’t a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O’Farrell. But in challenging times, the study’s message was clear: “You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”74．The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that ______.A．like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB．some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC．there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD．birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather75．According to the third paragraph, people who mastered “explore-exploit” trade-off ______.A．will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB．are ready to risk in time of difficultyC．will be tough in good times and bad timesD．will grow to be experts in lab studies76．Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico?A．The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B．The “explore-exploit” trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C．The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D．The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.77．Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A．How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B．How to Become a Productive FishermanC．What is “Explore-Exploit” Trade-off D．When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 78 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components — flavanol, especially.79 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoaflavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo（安慰剂）.Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）. 80 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate—and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao （also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea）could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 81 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.Ⅳ．Fill in the BlanksHow sneaker culture took over the worldSneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet（槌球）and tennis.Long worn for function 82 82 fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses.83 transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. 84 that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement（代言）deal. 85 Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed.Meanwhile, another cultural shift 86 （take）place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were.As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to 87 （generate）even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs.Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, 88 the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season 89 （sell ）even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction.By the mid-2010s, speakers 90 （become）solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that 91 these Black athletes or artists that championed their products there would be no sneaker culture.Ⅴ．Translations92．结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。

2022-2023学年度第二学期初一年级期中考试 (数学)试卷考试总分：115 分 考试时间： 120 分钟学校：__________ 班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 考号：__________一、 选择题 （本题共计 6 小题 ，每题 5 分 ，共计30分 ）1. 在下列四个汽车标志图案中，能用平移变换来分析其形成过程的图案是( ) A. B. C. D.2. 如图，下列各点在阴影区域内的是( )A.B.C.D.3. ，，，，，中，无理数的个数是( )A.个B.个C.个D.个4. 在一次数学活动课上，老师让同学们借助一副三角板画平行线，．下面是小曼同学的作法，老师说：“小曼的作法正确”，请回答：小曼的作图依据是（ ）(3,2)(−3,2)(3,−2)(−3,−2)π227−3–√343−−−√3 3.14160.3˙1234AB CDA.内错角相等，两直线平行B.两直线平行，内错角相等C.过直线外一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线平行D.同位角相等，两直线平行5. 下列命题：①圆的切线垂直于经过切点的半径；②掷一枚有正反面的均匀硬币，正面和反面朝上的概率都是；③相等的圆心角所对的弧相等；④某种彩票的中奖率为，佳佳买张彩票一定能中奖．其中，正确的命题是（ ）A.①②B.①②③C.①②④D.①②③④6. 在平面直角坐标系中，对于点，我们把点叫做点的友好点．已知点的友好点为，点的友好点为，点的友好点为…，这样依次得到点，，，…，，若点的坐标为，则点的坐标为（ ）A.B.C.D.二、 填空题 （本题共计 6 小题 ，每题 5 分 ，共计30分 ）7. 比较大小：________（填“”，“”或“”）.8. 已知是一个正整数，是整数，则的最小值为________.9. 如图，，与，分别交于点，，为的平分线．若,，那么的值是________.10. 如图，若菱形的顶点，的坐标分别为，点在轴上，则点的坐标是________．0.511010xOy P(x,y)P'(1−y,x−1)P A 1A 2A 2A 3A 3A 4A 1A 2A 3A n A 1(2,1)A 2019(2,1)(0,1)(0,−1)(2,−1)10−−√3><=n 135n−−−−√n AC//BD AB AC BD A B BC ∠ABD ∠1=(x+15)∘∠2=(2x+70)∘x ABCD A B (3,0),(−2,0)D y C11. 如图，，， ，则________度.12. 将含有角的三角板的直角顶点放置于互相平行的两条直线中的一条上(如图)，如果 ，那么_______.三、 解答题 （本题共计 11 小题 ，每题 5 分 ，共计55分 ）13. 计算：.14. 如图，直线，被直线，所截，，直线分别交和于点，．点在直线上，，求证：.请在下列括号中填上理由：证明；因为（已知），所以（________）．又因为 （已知），所以，即，所以________（同位角相等，两直线平行），所以（________）．15. 如图，在中， ，，点从点出发沿方向以秒的速度向点匀速运动，同时点从点出发沿方向以秒的速度向点匀速运动，当其中一个点到达终点时，另一个点也随之停止运动．设点，运动的时间是秒．过点作于点，连接，．用含的代数式式表示________，________.AB//CD ∠BAP =120∘∠APC =40∘∠PCD =30∘∠1=40∘∠2=∘+×−|−1|(−3)28–√3–√6–√AB CD MN PM AB//CD MN AB CD E F Q PM ∠AEP =∠CFQ ∠EPQ +∠FQP =180∘AB//CD ∠AEM =∠CFM ∠AEP =∠CFQ ∠AEM +∠AEP =∠CFM +∠CFQ ∠MEP =∠MFQ ∠EPQ +∠FQP =180∘Rt △ABC ∠B =90∘,AC =20cm ∠A =60∘D C CA 2cm/A E A AB 1cm/B D E t (0<t ≤10)D DF ⊥BC F DE EF (1)t AD =DF =四边形能够成为菱形吗？如果能，请求出相应的值；如果不能，请说明理由；当为何值时，的面积为，请说明理由；当为何值时，为直角三角形．（请直接写出值）16. 小明和爸爸、妈妈到汉字公园游玩，回到家后，他利用平面直角坐标系画出了公园景区地图，如图所示．可是他忘记了在图中标出原点，轴及轴．只知道长廊的坐标为和农家乐的坐标为，请你帮他画出平面直角坐标系，并写出其他各点的坐标． 17. 已知点是直线上一点，，为从点引出的两条射线，，．如图，求的度数；如图，在的内部作，请直接写出与之间的数量关系________；在的条件下，若为的角平分线，试说明．18. 如图，已知，.求证：．19. 如图，已知点在 的边上.利用三角板根据要求画图：①过点作线段，垂足为点;②过点作直线，垂足为点，交于点;结合所画图形，写出与相等的所有角．20. 通过《实数》一章的学习，我们知道是一个无限不循环小数，因此的小数部分我们不可能全部写出来．聪明的小丽认为的整数部分为，所以减去其整数部分，差就是的小数部分，所以用来表示的小数部分．根据小丽的方法请完成下列问题：的整数部分为________，小数部分为________ ；AEFD t (2)t △DEF c 93–√2m 2(3)t △DEF t x y E (4,−3)B (−5,3)O AB OC OD O ∠BOD =30∘∠COD =∠AOC 87(1)1∠AOC (2)2∠AOD ∠MON =90∘∠AON ∠COM (3)(2)OM ∠BOC ∠AON =∠CON DE//AF ∠CDA =∠DAB ∠1=∠2P ∠AOB OA (1)P PC ⊥OB C P MN ⊥OA P OB D (2)∠CPO 2–√2–√2–√12–√2–√−12–√2–√(1)33−−√−−√8−–√已知的整数部分， 的整数部分为，求的立方根．21. 在平面直角坐标系中，已知点.当点在轴的左侧时，求的取值范围；若点到两坐标轴的距离相等，求点的坐标．22.如图，直线，点是，之间（不在直线，上）的一个动点．若与都是锐角，如图甲，写出与，之间的数量关系并说明原因；若把一块三角尺（，）按如图乙方式放置，点，，是三角尺的边与平行线的交点，若，求的度数；将图乙中的三角尺进行适当转动，如图丙，直角顶点始终在两条平行线之间，点在线段上，连接，且有，求与之间的数量关系．23. 如图，在直角坐标系中，已知，，将线段平移至，点在轴正半轴上（不与点重合），连接，，，．写出点的坐标；当的面积是的面积的倍时，求点的坐标；设，，，判断，，之间的数量关系，并说明理由．(2)10−−√a 8−5–√b a +b Q(4−2n,n−1)(1)Q y n (2)Q Q PQ//MN C PQ MN PQ MN (1)∠1∠2∠C ∠1∠2(2)∠A =30∘∠C =90∘D E F ∠AEN =∠A ∠BDF (3)C G CD EG ∠CEG =∠CEM ∠GEN ∠BDF xOy A(6,0)B(8,6)OA CB D x A OC AB CD BD (1)C (2)△ODC △ABD 3D (3)∠OCD =α∠DBA =β∠BDC =θαβθ参考答案与试题解析2022-2023学年度第二学期初一年级期中考试 (数学)试卷一、 选择题 （本题共计 6 小题 ，每题 5 分 ，共计30分 ）1.【答案】D【考点】生活中的平移现象【解析】根据平移不改变图形的形状和大小，将题中所示的图案通过平移后可以得到的图案是．【解答】解：图形的平移只改变图形的位置，而不改变图形的形状、大小和方向.观察图形可知图案通过平移后可以得到．故选．2.【答案】A【考点】点的坐标【解析】先判断出阴影区域在第一象限，且长宽为的矩形，进而判断在阴影区域内的点．【解答】解：观察图形可知：阴影区域在第一象限，是长宽为的正方形，、在第一象限，且，，所以点在阴影区域内，故正确；、在第二象限，故错误；、在第四象限，故错误；、在第三象限，故错误．故选．3.【答案】B【考点】无理数的判定【解析】由于无理数就是无限不循环小数．初中范围内学习的无理数有：，等；开方开不尽的数；以及…，等有这样规律的数．由此即可判定选择项．D D D 44A (3,2)3<42<4(3,2)B (−3,2)C (3,−2)D (−3,−2)A π2π0.1010010001【解答】解：在，，，，，中，无理数是：，共个．故选.4.【答案】A【考点】平行线的判定【解析】本题考查了作图-复杂作图和平行线的判定方法．【解答】解：，（内错角相等，两直线平行），故选．5.【答案】A【考点】命题与定理真命题，假命题【解析】根据切线的性质对①进行判断；根据概率公式对②进行判断；根据圆心角、弧、弦的关系对③进行判断；根据概率的意义对④进行判断．【解答】解：圆的切线垂直于经过切点的半径，所以①正确；掷一枚有正反面的均匀硬币，正面和反面朝上的概率都是，所以②正确；在同圆或等圆中，相等的圆心角所对的弧相等，所以③错误；某种彩票的中奖率为，佳佳买张彩票不一定能中奖，所以④错误．故选．6.【答案】C【考点】规律型：点的坐标【解析】本题是对点的变化规律的考查，读懂题目信息，理解“伴随点”的定义并求出每个点为一个循环组依次循环是解题的关键，也是π227−3–√343−−−√3 3.14160.3˙π−3–√2B ∵∠ABC =∠DCB =90°∴AB ∥CD A 0.511010A 4本题的难点．【解答】解：观察发现：，，，，，依次类推，每个点为一个循环组依次循环，余，点的坐标与的坐标相同，为.故选．二、 填空题 （本题共计 6 小题 ，每题 5 分 ，共计30分 ）7.【答案】【考点】实数大小比较算术平方根【解析】根据，再比较即可．【解答】解：∵，∴，故答案为：.8.【答案】【考点】实数的运算【解析】【解答】解：∵，∴的最小值是．故答案为：．9.【答案】【考点】平行线的性质角的计算【解析】(2,1)A 1(0,1)A 2(0,−1)A 3(2,−1)A 4(2,1)A 5(0,1)A 6…∴5∵2019÷4=5043∴A 2019A 3(0,−1)C >3=9–√32=9<10>310−−√>15135=×3×5=×153232n 151520由平行线的性质可得,再由角平分线的定义得出,得出方程即可解答.【解答】解：，∴，∵平分，∴，∵，，∴，.故答案为：.10.【答案】【考点】坐标与图形性质【解析】【解答】解：∵菱形的顶点，的坐标分别为，，点在轴上，∴，∴，∴由勾股定理知：，∴点的坐标是：，故答案为．11.【答案】【考点】平行线的性质【解析】过点作，由平行线的性质结合的度数可求解的度数，根据可得，即可求解的度数．【解答】解：如图，过点作，∴.∵，∴.∵，∠2+∠ABD =180∘∠ABD =2∠1∵AC//BD ∠2+∠ABD =180∘BC ∠ABD ∠ABD =2∠1∠1=(x+15)∘∠2=(2x+70)∘2+=(x+15)∘(2x+70)∘180∘∴x =2020(−5,4)ABCD A B (3,0)(−2,0)D y AB =5AD =5OD ===4A −O D 2A 2−−−−−−−−−−√−5232−−−−−−√C (−5,4)(−5,4)160P PE//AB ∠APC ∠CPE CD//AB CD//PE ∠C P PE//AB ∠A+∠APE =180∘∠A =120∘∠APE =−=180∘120∘60∘∠APC =40∘∴.∵，∴ ，∴，∴.故答案为：.12.【答案】【考点】平行线的判定与性质【解析】作出辅助线，利用平行线的性质即可得出答案.【解答】解：过点作，如图，∵， ，∴，∴，，∵，∴.故答案为：.三、 解答题 （本题共计 11 小题 ，每题 5 分 ，共计55分 ）13.【答案】解：原式 .【考点】实数的运算【解析】【解答】解：原式 . 14.【答案】两直线平行，同位角相等,,两直线平行，同旁内角互补∠CPE =∠APE−∠APC =−=60∘40∘20∘AB//CD CD//PE ∠C +∠CPE =180∘∠C =−=180∘20∘160∘16020E EF//AB EF//AB AB//CD EF//AB//CD ∠1=∠GEF =40∘∠2=∠HEF ∠GEF +∠HEF =60∘∠2=−=60∘40∘20∘20=9+−(−1)24−−√6–√=9+2−+16–√6–√=10+6–√=9+−(−1)24−−√6–√=9+2−+16–√6–√=10+6–√EP//FQ【考点】平行线的判定与性质【解析】根据平行线的判定与性质证明即可.【解答】证明：因为（已知），所以（两直线平行，同位角相等）．又因为 （已知），所以，即，所以（同位角相等，两直线平行），所以（两直线平行，同旁内角互补）．故答案为：两直线平行，同位角相等；；两直线平行，同旁内角互补．15.【答案】解：由题可得，在中，，则，∵，又，，∴，∴四边形为平行四边形，∴当时，四边形是菱形，∴，∴.依题意可得，，，又，∴，∴和中，，，∴，∵，∴，∴，，∴当或时，的面积为.当，则四边形中，，∴，∴，∴，∴∴,当，则四边形中，，，∴，∴，∴，∴,当时，点，点重合于点，不存在.∴或．【考点】AB//CD ∠AEM =∠CFM ∠AEP =∠CFQ ∠AEM +∠AEP =∠CFM +∠CFQ ∠MEP =∠MFQ EP//FQ ∠EPQ +∠FQP =180∘EP//FQ (1)AD =20−2t Rt △CDF ∠C =30∘DF =CD =t12DF =AE =t DF ⊥BC AB ⊥BC DF//AB DFEA DF =AD DFEA t =20−2t t =203(2)CD =2t AD =20−2t AE =t ∠C =−∠A =−=90∘90∘60∘30∘AB =AC =×20=101212Rt △CDF Rt △ACB CF ==t D −D C 2F 2−−−−−−−−−−√3–√BC ==10A −A C 2B 2−−−−−−−−−−√3–√BF =10−t 3–√3–√△DFE =DF ⋅BF 12=t(10−t)=123–√3–√93–√2t(10−t)=9=1t 1=9t 2t =1t =9△DFE c 93–√2m 2(3)∠FDE =90∘DFEA DF//AB ∠DEA =∠FDE =90∘∠ADE =−=90∘60∘30∘AD =2AE 20−2t =2tt =5∠DEF =90∘DFEA AD//EF ∴∠ADE =∠DEF ∠AED =−=90∘60∘30∘AE =2AD t =2(20−2t)t =8∠DFE =90∘F E B △DEF t =5t =8一元二次方程的应用——其他问题动点问题动点问题的解决方法三角形的面积平行四边形的判定平行四边形的性质勾股定理含30度角的直角三角形【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解：由题可得，在中，，则，∵，又，，∴，∴四边形为平行四边形，∴当时，四边形是菱形，∴，∴.依题意可得，，，又，∴，∴和中，，，∴，∵，∴，∴，，∴当或时，的面积为.当，则四边形中，，∴，∴，∴，∴∴,当，则四边形中，，，∴，∴，∴，∴,当时，点，点重合于点，不存在.∴或．16.【答案】(1)AD =20−2t Rt △CDF ∠C =30∘DF =CD =t12DF =AE =t DF ⊥BC AB ⊥BC DF//AB DFEA DF =AD DFEA t =20−2t t =203(2)CD =2t AD =20−2t AE =t ∠C =−∠A =−=90∘90∘60∘30∘AB =AC =×20=101212Rt △CDF Rt △ACB CF ==t D −D C 2F 2−−−−−−−−−−√3–√BC ==10A −A C 2B 2−−−−−−−−−−√3–√BF =10−t 3–√3–√△DFE =DF ⋅BF 12=t(10−t)=123–√3–√93–√2t(10−t)=9=1t 1=9t 2t =1t =9△DFE c 93–√2m 2(3)∠FDE =90∘DFEA DF//AB ∠DEA =∠FDE =90∘∠ADE =−=90∘60∘30∘AD =2AE 20−2t =2tt =5∠DEF =90∘DFEA AD//EF ∴∠ADE =∠DEF ∠AED =−=90∘60∘30∘AE =2AD t =2(20−2t)t =8∠DFE =90∘F E B △DEF t =5t =8解：由题意可知，本题是以点为坐标原点，为轴的正半轴，建立平面直角坐标系，如图所示，则，，的坐标分别为：，，．【考点】位置的确定【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解：由题意可知，本题是以点为坐标原点，为轴的正半轴，建立平面直角坐标系，如图所示，则，，的坐标分别为：，，．17.【答案】解：由题意可知：，，，∵，，∴，∴.证明：∵，，∴，∵是的角平分线∴，∵，∴，∵，∴，∴．【考点】角的计算角平分线的定义【解析】D (0,0)DA y A C F A(0,4)C(−3,−2)F (5,5)D (0,0)DA y A C F A(0,4)C(−3,−2)F (5,5)(1)∠AOB =180∘∠BOD =30∘∠AOD =∠AOB−∠BOD =150∘∠AOD =∠AOC +∠COD ∠COD =∠AOC 87∠AOC +∠AOC =87150∘∠AOC =70∘∠AON +=∠COM20∘(3)∠AOC =70∘∠AOB =180∘∠BOC =∠AOB−∠AOC =110∘OM ∠BOC ∠COM =∠BOC =1255∘∠MON =90∘∠CON =∠MON −∠COM =35∘∠AOC =70∘∠AON =∠AOC −∠CON =35∘∠AON =∠CON AOC +∠AOC8（1）由题意可知：＝，即∴＝，即可求解；（2）由图可见：＝；（3）是的角平分线，可以求出＝＝，而＝＝，∴＝．【解答】解：由题意可知：，，，∵，，∴，∴.解：由题知，，，所以，即.故答案为：.证明：∵，，∴，∵是的角平分线∴，∵，∴，∵，∴，∴．18.【答案】证明：∵，∴.∵，∴，∴.【考点】平行线的性质【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】证明：∵，∴.∵，∴，∴.19.【答案】解：如图所示：直线，点，即为所求；∠AOD ∠AOC +∠COD ∠AOC +∠AOC 87150∘∠AON +20∘∠COM OM ∠BOC ∠CON ∠MON −∠COM 35∘∠AON ∠AOC −∠CON 35∘∠AON ∠CON (1)∠AOB =180∘∠BOD =30∘∠AOD =∠AOB−∠BOD =150∘∠AOD =∠AOC +∠COD ∠COD =∠AOC 87∠AOC +∠AOC =87150∘∠AOC =70∘(2)∠AOM =∠AOC +∠COM =∠AOC +70∘∠AOM =∠AON +∠MON =∠AON +90∘∠AOC +=∠AON +70∘90∘∠AON +=∠COM 20∘∠AON +=∠COM 20∘(3)∠AOC =70∘∠AOB =180∘∠BOC =∠AOB−∠AOC =110∘OM ∠BOC ∠COM =∠BOC =1255∘∠MON =90∘∠CON =∠MON −∠COM =35∘∠AOC =70∘∠AON =∠AOC −∠CON =35∘∠AON =∠CON DE//AF ∠EDA =∠DAF ∠CDA =∠DAB ∠CDA−∠EDA =∠DAB−∠DAF∠1=∠2DE//AF ∠EDA =∠DAF ∠CDA =∠DAB ∠CDA−∠EDA =∠DAB−∠DAF∠1=∠2(1)MN C D∵，，∴，又∵与是对顶角，∴，∴与相等的角有 ，.【考点】作图—复杂作图垂线余角和补角【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解：如图所示：直线，点，即为所求；∵，，∴，又∵与是对顶角，∴，∴与相等的角有 ，.20.【答案】,∵，∴，∴的整数部分.∵，∴的整数部分，∴，∴的立方根为.【考点】估算无理数的大小立方根的应用(2)∠PDO +∠O =∠DPO =90∘∠CPO +∠O =∠PCO =90∘∠CPO =∠PDO ∠BDM ∠PDO ∠BDM =∠CPO ∠CPO ∠PDO ∠BDM (1)MN C D (2)∠PDO +∠O =∠DPO =90∘∠CPO +∠O =∠PCO =90∘∠CPO =∠PDO ∠BDM ∠PDO ∠BDM =∠CPO ∠CPO ∠PDO ∠BDM 5−533−−√(2)9<10<163<<410−−√10−−√a =32<<35–√8−5–√b =5a +b =88=28–√3【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解：∵，∴，即的整数部分为，小数部分为.故答案为：； .∵，∴，∴的整数部分.∵，∴的整数部分，∴，∴的立方根为.21.【答案】解：根据题意得，，即，解得.若点到两坐标距离相等，∴，∴，即或，解得或，∴或．【考点】点的坐标【解析】无无【解答】解：根据题意得，，即，解得.若点到两坐标距离相等，∴，∴，即或，解得或，∴或．22.【答案】解：．理由如下：如图，过作，∵，(1)25<33<365<<633−−√33−−√5−533−−√5−533−−√(2)9<10<163<<410−−√10−−√a =32<<35–√8−5–√b =5a +b =88=28–√3(1)4−2n <02n >4n >2(2)Q |4−2n|=|n−1|4−2n =±(n−1)4−2n =n−14−2n =−n+1n =53n =3Q(,)2323Q(−2,2)(1)4−2n <02n >4n >2(2)Q |4−2n|=|n−1|4−2n =±(n−1)4−2n =n−14−2n =−n+1n =53n =3Q(,)2323Q(−2,2)(1)∠C =∠1+∠2C CD//PQ PQ//MN∴，∴，，∴，即．∵，∴，由可得，，∴，∴．设，则，由可得，，∴，∴，∴．即．【考点】平行线的判定与性质平行线的性质角的计算【解析】无无无【解答】解：．理由如下：如图，过作，∵，∴，∴，，∴，即．∵，∴，由可得，，∴，∴．设，则，由可得，，∴，∴，∴．即．23.【答案】解：如图，PQ//CD//MN ∠1=∠ACD ∠2=∠BCD ∠ACB =∠ACD+∠BCD =∠1+∠2∠C =∠1+∠2(2)∠AEN =∠A =30∘∠MEC =30∘(1)∠C =∠MEC +∠PDC =90∘∠PDC =−∠MEC =90∘60∘∠BDF =∠PDC =60∘(3)∠CEG =∠CEM =x ∠GEN =−2x 180∘(1)∠C =∠CEM +∠CDP ∠CDP =−∠CEM =−x 90∘90∘∠BDF =−x 90∘==2∠GEN ∠BDF −2x 180∘−x 90∘∠GEN =2∠BDF (1)∠C =∠1+∠2C CD//PQ PQ//MN PQ//CD//MN ∠1=∠ACD ∠2=∠BCD ∠ACB =∠ACD+∠BCD =∠1+∠2∠C =∠1+∠2(2)∠AEN =∠A =30∘∠MEC =30∘(1)∠C =∠MEC +∠PDC =90∘∠PDC =−∠MEC =90∘60∘∠BDF =∠PDC =60∘(3)∠CEG =∠CEM =x ∠GEN =−2x 180∘(1)∠C =∠CEM +∠CDP ∠CDP =−∠CEM =−x 90∘90∘∠BDF =−x 90∘==2∠GEN ∠BDF −2x 180∘−x 90∘∠GEN =2∠BDF (1)1∵，，∴，，∴；设，当的面积是的面积的倍时，若点在线段上，∵，∴，∴，∴；若点在线段延长线上，∵，∴，∴，∴.∴的坐标为或；如图，过点作，由平移的性质知．∴．∴，．若点在线段上，，即；若点在线段延长线上，，即．故数量关系为或.【考点】几何变换综合题坐标与图形性质【解析】（1）由点的坐标的特点，确定出，，得出；（2）分点在线段和在延长线两种情况进行计算；（3）分点在线段上时，和在延长线两种情况进行计算；【解答】解：如图，A(6,0)B(8,6)FC =AE =8−6=2OF =BE =6C(2,6)(2)D(x,0)△ODC △ABD 3D OA OD =3AD ×6x =3××6(6−x)1212x =92D(,0)92D OA OD =3AD ×6x =3××6(x−6)1212x =9D(9,0)D (,0)92(9,0)(3)2D DE//OC OC//AB OC//AB//DE ∠OCD =∠CDE ∠EDB =∠DBA D OA ∠CDB =∠CDE+∠EDB =∠OCD+∠DBAα+β=θD OA ∠CDB =∠CDE−∠EDB =∠OCD−∠DBAα−β=θα+β=θα−β=θFC =2OF =6C(2,6)D OA OA D OA α+β=θOA α−β=θ(1)1∵，，∴，，∴；设，当的面积是的面积的倍时，若点在线段上，∵，∴，∴，∴；若点在线段延长线上，∵，∴，∴，∴.∴的坐标为或；如图，过点作，由平移的性质知．∴．∴，．若点在线段上，，即；若点在线段延长线上，，即．故数量关系为或.A(6,0)B(8,6)FC =AE =8−6=2OF =BE =6C(2,6)(2)D(x,0)△ODC △ABD 3D OA OD=3AD ×6x =3××6(6−x)1212x =92D(,0)92D OA OD =3AD×6x =3××6(x−6)1212x =9D(9,0)D (,0)92(9,0)(3)2D DE//OC OC//AB OC//AB//DE ∠OCD =∠CDE ∠EDB =∠DBA D OA ∠CDB =∠CDE+∠EDB =∠OCD+∠DBA α+β=θD OA ∠CDB =∠CDE−∠EDB =∠OCD−∠DBA α−β=θα+β=θα−β=θ。

合肥市普通高中六校联盟2023-2024学年第二学期期中联考高一年级语文试卷（答案在最后）（考试时间：150分钟满分：150分）命题学校：一、现代文阅读（34分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：民族格局似乎总是反映着地理的生态结构，中华民族不是例外。

他们所聚居的这片大地是一块从西向东倾侧的斜坡，高度逐级下降。

东西落差如此显著的三级梯阶，南北跨度又达三十个纬度，温度和湿度的差距自然形成了不同的生态环境，给人文发展以严峻的桎梏和丰润的机会。

中华民族就是在这个自然框架里形成的。

生存在这片土地上的人最早的情况是怎样的？在中华大地上已陆续发现了人类直立人（猿人）、早期智人（古人）、晚期智人（新人）各进化阶段的人体化石，可以建立较完整的序列，说明了中国这片大陆应是人类起源的中心之一。

在人类进入文化初期，中华大地上北到黑龙江，西南到云南，东到台湾都已有早期人类在活动，并留下了石器。

很难想象在这种原始时代，分居在四面八方的人是同一来源，而且可以肯定的是，这些长期分隔在各地的人群必须各自发展他们的文化以适应如此不同的自然环境。

这些实物证据可以否定有关中华民族起源的一元论和外来说，而肯定多元论和本土说。

即使以上的论断还不够有说服力，考古学上有关新石器时代的丰富资料更有力地表明中华大地上当时已出现地方性的多种文化区。

如果我们认为同一民族集团的人大体上总得有一定的文化上的一致性，那么我们可以推定早在公元前六千年前，中华大地上已存在了分别聚居在不同地区的许多集团。

新石器时期各地不同的文化区可以作为我们认识中华民族多元一体格局的起点。

新石器时代中原两河（黄河和长江）流域中下游这个在生态条件上基本一致的地区的考古发现，已可以说明中华民族的先人在文明曙光时期，公元前五千年到公元前两千年之间的三千年中还是分散聚居在各地区，分别创造他们具有特色的文化，这是中华民族格局中多元的起点。

在这多元格局中，同时也在接触中出现了竞争机制，相互吸收比自己优秀的文化而不失其原有的个性。

2023-2024学年度第二学期期中考试初二数学试卷一、选择题：(本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分. 请将答案涂到答题纸上.)1．中国“二十四节气”已被正式列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作品录，下列“立春”、“谷雨”、“白露”、“大雪”，四幅作品是中心对称图形的是 （ ▲ ）A ．B ．C ．D ． 2．分式b a 221与c ab 261的最简公分母是 （ ▲ ） A ．abc B ．a 2b 2c C ．6a 2b 2c D ．12a 2b 2c3．下列计算正确的是 （ ▲ ）A ．39±=B ．1028=+C ．()55-2=D ．326=÷4．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，∠A +∠C ＝80°，则∠D ＝ （ ▲ ）A ．80°B ．40°C ．70°D ．140°5．若k 1＜0＜k 2，则在同一平面直角坐标系内，函数y ＝k 1x 和xk y 2=的图象大致是（ ▲ ） A ． B ． C ． D ．6．若点A （﹣2，y 1），B （﹣1，y 2）都在函数xy 6=的图象上，则y 1，y 2的大小关系是（ ▲ ） A ．y 1＞y 2 B ．y 1＝y 2 C ．y 1＜y 2 D ．不能确定7．甲、乙两人每小时一共可做30个电器零件，两人同时开始工作，当甲做了90个零件时乙做了60个零件，设甲每小时能做x 个零件，根据题意可列分式方程为 （ ▲ ）A ．x x -=309060B ．x x -=306090C ．x x +=309060D ．xx +=309090 8．现有一张平行四边形纸片ABCD ，AD ＞AB ，要求用尺规作图的方法在边BC ，AD 上分别找点M ．N ，使得四边形AMCN 为平行四边形，甲、乙两位同学的作法如图所示，下列判断正确的是 （ ▲ ）A ．甲对、乙不对B ．甲不对、乙对C ．甲、乙都对D ．甲、乙都不对第4题 第8题二、填空题：(本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分. 请将答案填写在答题纸上.)9．若代数式51-x 有意义，则实数x 的取值范围是 ▲ ． 10．已知最简二次根式1-x 与二次根式22是同类二次根式，则x ＝ ▲ ．11．如图，A ，B 两地被池塘隔开，小明先在AB 外选一点C ，然后测出AC ，BC 的中点M ，N ，并测量出MN 长为12m ，由此可知A ，B 间距离＝ ▲ m ．12．如图，矩形ABCD 的对角线相交于点O ，AB ＝3，AD ＝4，则线段AO 的长度为 ▲ ．13．如图，在正方形网格中，图②是由图①经过变换得到的，其旋转中心可能是点 ▲ ．14．若关于x 的方程xm x x -=--554有增根，则m ＝ ▲ ． 15．a 是方程x 2﹣x ﹣1＝0的一个根，则代数式2024﹣2a 2+2a 的值是 ▲ ．16．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，正方形OABC 的顶点O 与原点重合，顶点A ，C 分别在x 轴，y 轴上，反比例函数()0,0>>=x k xk y 的图象与正方形的两边AB ，BC 分别交于点M ，N ，连接OM ，ON ，MN ，若∠MON ＝45°，MN ＝3，则k 的值为 ▲ ．三. 解答题：(本大题共9小题，共72分. 请将解答过程填写在答题纸上.)17．(6分)计算：（1）3232-2-210⨯+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛ ． 解方程：（2）0542=--x x 18．(6分)先化简44222112+--÷⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+x x x x ，再从不等式组0≤x ＜3中选择一个适当的整数，代入求值．19．(7分)如图，菱形ABCD 的对角线交于O 点，BE ∥AC ，CE ∥DB ．（1）求证：四边形OBEC 是矩形；（2）若AB ＝5，BD ＝6，则四边形OBEC 的面积为 ．20．(8分)已知关于x 的一元二次方程x 2﹣（m ﹣4）x ﹣m +3＝0．（1）求证：该方程总有两个实数根； 第11题 第12题 第13题 第16题（2）若x 1，x 2是该方程的两个实数根，且（x 1+1）（x 2+1）＝a ，求a 的值．21．(9分)如图1，反比例函数()0≠=m xm y 与一次函数y ＝kx+b （k ≠0）的图象交于点A （1，3），点B （n ，1），一次函数y ＝kx +b （k ≠0）与y 轴相交于点C ．（1）求反比例函数和一次函数的表达式；（2）连接OA ，OB ，求△OAB 的面积；（3）当xm b kx >+时，x 的范围为 ▲ .22．(4分)已知平行四边形ABCD 是中心对称图形，点E 是平面上一点，请仅用无刻度直尺画出点E 关于平行四边形ABCD 对称中心的对称点F ．（1）如图1，点E 是平行四边形ABCD 的AD 上一点；（2）如图2，点E 是平行四边形ABCD 外一点．23．(8分)第十九届亚运会在杭州举行．某网络经销商购进了一批以杭州亚运会为主题的文化衫进行销售，文化衫的进价每件30元．根据市场调查：在一段时间内，销售单价是45元时，每日销售量是550件；销售单价每涨1元，每日文化衫就会少售出10件．设该批文化衫的销售单价为x 元（x ＞55）．（1）请你写出销售量y （件）与销售单价x （元）的函数关系式 ▲ ．（2）若经销商获得了10000元销售利润，则该文化衫单价x 应为多少元？24．(12分)如图，点P 是y 轴正半轴上的一个动点，过点P作y 轴的垂线l ，与反比例函数xy 4-= 的图象交于点A ．把直线l 上方的反比例函数图象沿着直线l 翻折，其它部分保持不变，所形成的新图象称为“x y 4-=的l 镜像”． （1）当OP ＝3时：①点M ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛2-21-， ▲ “x y 4-=的l 镜像”；（填“在”或“不在”） ②“xy 4-=的l 镜像”与x 轴交点坐标是 ▲ ； （2）过y 轴上的点Q （0，﹣1）作y 轴垂线，与“x y 4-=的l 镜像”交于点B 、C ，点B 在点C 左侧。

2023—2024学年度第二学期期中教学质量监测七年级语文注意事项：1．全卷满分120分，答题时间为120分钟。

2．请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。

3．本次考试设卷面分。

答题时，需书写认真、工整、规范、美观。

第一部分（1—2题12分）1．阅读下面文字，回答后面的问题。

（共6分）这实在是出于我意想之外的，不能不惊异。

我一向只以为她满肚子是麻烦的（lǐ jié）罢了，却不料她还有这样伟大的神力。

从此对于她就有了特别的敬意，似乎实在深不可测；夜间的伸开手脚，占领全床，那当然是情有可原的了，倒应该我退让。

这种敬意，虽然也逐渐淡薄起来，但完全消失，大概是在知道她谋害了我的隐鼠之后。

那时就极严重地诘问，而且当面叫她阿长。

我想我又不真做小长毛，不去攻城，也不放炮，更不怕炮炸，我（jù dàn）她什么呢！（1）根据文段中拼音写出相应的词语。

（2分）①（lǐ jié）②（jù dàn）（2）给文段中加着重号的词语注音。

（2分）①淡薄②诘问（3）文段中的“谋”字，使用《现代汉语词典》（第7版）中的部首检字法检索，应先查________部，再查________画。

（2分）2．阅读下面文字，回答后面的问题。

（共6分）很多年里，（甲）我不知道一棵树每年能涵养多少水分，能________（吸收/接收）多少二氧化碳，能制造多少氧气，（乙）一点也不影响我看到每一棵树都会觉得亲切。

长大后，我见识过西双版纳茂密的原始森林，________（仰视/仰望）过梅里雪山粗壮而高耸入云的冷杉，深入过香格里拉的丛林，与热带的椰子树合过影，也曾与非洲稀树草原的猴面包树紧紧相拥。

对于我最难忘的，还是在山东东营遇到的那些树。

（1）从文段的括号内选择符合语境的词语，分别填入横线处。

（2分）（2）文段中甲乙两处应填入的关联词语，恰当的一项是（2分）【】A．既然……那么…… B．不但……而且……C．因为……所以…… D．虽然……但是……（3）文段中画波浪线的句子有语病，请你提出修改意见。

北京2023—2024学年第二学期期中练习高一数学（答案在最后）2024.04说明：本试卷共4页，共120分.考试时长90分钟.一､选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1.sin120︒的值等于（）A.12-B.12C.2D.2【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据特殊角的三角函数值得到2，从而可求解.【详解】由题意可得sin1202︒=，故D 正确.故选：D.2.若角α的终边过点()4,3，则πsin 2α⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭（）A.45B.45-C.35D.35-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据余弦函数定义结合诱导公式计算求解即可.【详解】因为角α的终边过点()4,3，所以4cos 5α==，所以π4sin cos 25αα⎛⎫+== ⎪⎝⎭.故选：A3.已知扇形的弧长为4cm ，圆心角为2rad ，则此扇形的面积是（）A.22cmB.24cm C.26cm D.28cm 【答案】B【解析】【分析】由条件结合弧长公式l R α=求出圆的半径，然后结合扇形的面积公式12S lR =可得答案．【详解】因为扇形的圆心角2rad α=，它所对的弧长4cm l =，所以根据弧长公式l R α=可得，圆的半径2R =，所以扇形的面积211424cm 22S lR ==⨯⨯=；故选：B ．4.向量a ，b ，c在正方形网格中的位置如图所示，若向量c a b λ=+，则实数λ=（）A.2-B.1-C.1D.2【答案】D 【解析】【分析】将3个向量的起点归于原点，根据题设得到它们的坐标，从而可求λ的值.【详解】如图，将,,a b c的起点平移到原点，则()()()1,1,0,1,2,1a b c ==-= ，由c a b λ=+可得()()()2,11,10,1λ=+-，解得2λ=，故选：D.5.下列四个函数中以π为最小正周期且为奇函数的是（）A.()cos2f x x =B.()tan2x f x =C.()()tan f x x =- D.()sin f x x=【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据三角函数的周期性和奇偶性对选项逐一分析，由此确定正确选项.【详解】对于A ，函数()cos2f x x =的最小正周期为π，因为()()()cos 2cos 2f x x x f x -=-==，所以()cos2f x x =为偶函数，A 错误，对于B ，函数()tan 2xf x =的最小正周期为2π，因为()()tan tan 22x x f x f x ⎛⎫-=-=-=- ⎪⎝⎭，所以函数()tan 2x f x =为奇函数，B 错误，对于C ，函数()()tan f x x =-的最小正周期为π，因为()()()tan tan f x x x f x -==--=-，所以函数()()tan f x x =-为奇函数，C 正确，对于D ，函数()sin f x x =的图象如下：所以函数()sin f x x =不是周期函数，且函数()sin f x x =为偶函数，D 错误，6.在ABC 中，4AB =，3AC =，且AB AC AB AC +=- ，则AB BC ⋅= （）A.16B.16- C.20D.20-【答案】B 【解析】【分析】将AB AC AB AC +=- 两边平方，即可得到0AB AC ⋅=，再由数量积的运算律计算可得.【详解】因为AB AC AB AC +=- ，所以()()22AB ACAB AC +=-，即222222AB AB AC AC AB AB AC AC +⋅+=-⋅+uu u r uu u r uuu r uuu r uu u r uu u r uuu r uuu r ，所以0AB AC ⋅= ，即AB AC ⊥ ，所以()220416AB BC AB AC AB AB AC AB ⋅=⋅-=⋅-=-=- .故选：B7.函数cos tan y x x =⋅在区间3,22ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上的图像为（）A.B.C.D.【答案】C 【解析】【分析】分别讨论x 在3,,[,)22ππππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上tan x 的符号，然后切化弦将函数化简，作出图像即可.【详解】因为3,22x ππ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭，所以sin ,,23sin ,.2x x y x x πππ⎧-<<⎪⎪=⎨⎪≤<⎪⎩故选：C.8.已知函数()sin 24f x x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭，则“()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ”是“()f x α+是偶函数，且()f x α-是奇函数”的（）A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【解析】【分析】首先求出()f x α+、()f x α-的解析式，再根据正弦函数的性质求出使()f x α+是偶函数且()f x α-是奇函数时α的取值，再根据充分条件、必要条件的定义判断即可.【详解】因为()sin 24f x x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭，则()sin 224f x x ααπ⎛⎫+=++ ⎪⎝⎭，()sin 224f x x ααπ⎛⎫-=-+ ⎪⎝⎭，若()f x α-是奇函数，则112π,Z 4k k απ-+=∈，解得11π,Z 82k k απ=-∈，若()f x α+是偶函数，则222π,Z 42k k αππ+=+∈，解得22π,Z 82k k απ=+∈，所以若()f x α+是偶函数且()f x α-是奇函数，则π,Z 82k k απ=+∈，所以由()ππ8k k α=+∈Z 推得出()f x α+是偶函数，且()f x α-是奇函数，故充分性成立；由()f x α+是偶函数，且()f x α-是奇函数推不出()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ，故必要性不成立，所以“()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ”是“()f x α+是偶函数，且()f x α-是奇函数”的充分不必要条件.故选：A9.已知向量,,a b c 共面，且均为单位向量，0a b ⋅= ，则a b c ++ 的最大值是（）A.1+ B.C.D.1-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据题意，可设出向量,,a b c 的坐标，由于这三个向量都是单位向量，则向量,,a b c的终点都落在以坐标原点为圆心的单位圆上，作出示意图，由向量的性质可知，只有当c 与a b +同向时，a b c ++ 有最大值，求解即可.【详解】因为向量,,a b c 共面，且均为单位向量，0a b ⋅= ，可设()1,0a =，()0,1b = ，(),c x y = ，如图，所以2a b += ，当c 与a b +同向时，此时a b c ++ 有最大值，为21+.故选：A .10.窗花是贴在窗户玻璃上的贴纸，它是中国古老的传统民间艺术之一在2022年虎年新春来临之际，人们设计了一种由外围四个大小相等的半圆和中间正方形所构成的剪纸窗花（如图1）．已知正方形ABCD 的边长为2，中心为O ，四个半圆的圆心均为正方形ABCD 各边的中点（如图2），若P 为 BC 的中点，则()PO PA PB ⋅+=（）A .4B.6C.8D.10【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据平面向量的线性运算将()PO PA PB ⋅+ 化为OA 、OB 、OP表示，再根据平面向量数量积的运算律可求出结果.【详解】依题意得||||2OA OB ==，||2OP =，3π4AOP =Ð，π4BOP =Ð，所以3π2||||cos 22(242OA OP OA OP ⋅=⋅=⨯-=- ，π2||||cos 22242OB OP OB OP ⋅=⋅=⨯= ，所以()PO PA PB ⋅+= ()OP OA OP OB OP -⋅-+- 22||OA OP OB OP OP =-⋅-⋅+ 222228=-+⨯=.故选：C二､填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分，把答案填在题中横线上）11.写出一个与向量()3,4a =-共线的单位向量_____________.【答案】34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭（答案不唯一）【解析】【分析】先求出a r ，则aa±即为所求.【详解】5a ==所以与向量()3,4a =- 共线的单位向量为34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭或34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.故答案为：34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭（答案不唯一）12.已知函数()()sin 0,0,2πf x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>><⎪⎝⎭的部分图象如图，则π3f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭__________.【解析】【分析】根据图象可得函数()f x 的最大值，最小值，周期，由此可求,A ω，再由5π212f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭求ϕ，由此求得的解析式，然后求得π3f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭.【详解】由图可知，函数()f x 的最大值为2，最小值为2-，35ππ3π41234T =+=，当5π12x =时，函数()f x 取最大值2，又()()sin 0,0,2πf x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>>< ⎪⎝⎭所以2A =，32π3π44ω⨯=，所以2ω=，所以()()2sin 2f x x ϕ=+，又5π212f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭，所以5π5π2sin 2126f ϕ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，由于πππ5π4π,22363ϕϕ-<<<+<，所以5πππ,623ϕϕ+==-，所以()π2sin 23f x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，ππ2sin 33f ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭.13.已知函数()()πsin 0,2f x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>< ⎪⎝⎭的图象过点10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，则ϕ=__________.，若将函数()f x 图象仅向左平移π4个单位长度和仅向右平移π2个单位长度都能得到同一个函数的图象，则ω的最小值为__________.【答案】①.π6##1π6②.83##223【解析】【分析】由条件列方程求ϕ，再利用平移变换分别得到变换后的函数解析式，并根据相位差为2π,Z k k ∈求解；【详解】因为函数()()sin f x x ωϕ=+的图象过点10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，所以1sin 2ϕ=，又π2ϕ<，所以π6ϕ=，函数()πsin 6f x x ω⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭（0ω>）的图象仅向左平移π4个单位长度得到函数ππππsin sin 4646y x x ωωω⎡⎛⎫⎤⎛⎫=++=++ ⎪ ⎢⎥⎝⎭⎦⎝⎭⎣的图象，函数()πsin 6f x x ω⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭（0ω>）的图象仅向右平移π2个单位长度得到ππππsin sin 2626y x x ωωω⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦的图象，则ππππ2π4626k ωω⎛⎫⎛⎫+--+=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭（Z k ∈），化简得3π2π4k ω=（Z k ∈），解得83k ω=（Z k ∈），由于0ω>，所以当1k =时，ω取得最小值83，故答案为：π8,63．14.已知边长为2的菱形ABCD 中，π3DAB ∠=，点E 满足3BE EC = ，点F 为线段BD 上一动点，则AF BE ⋅的最大值为______.【答案】3【解析】【分析】建立如图平面直角坐标系，设BF BD λ= ，利用平面向量线性运算与数量积的坐标表示可得AF BE⋅关于λ的表达式，从而得解.【详解】如图，以A为原点建立平面直角坐标系，则(0,0),(2,0),A B C D ，因为3BE EC =，所以(33333,4444BE BC ⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，由题意，设()01BF BD λλ=≤≤，则(()BF λλ=-=- ，则()()()2,02,AF AB BF λλ=+=+-=-，所以()3333324422AF BE λλ⋅=-+=+，因为01λ≤≤，所以当1λ=时，AF BE ⋅的最大值为3.故答案为：3.15.声音是由物体振动产生的声波.我们听到的每个音都是由纯音合成的，纯音的数学模型是函数sin y A t ω=.音有四要素，音调､响度､音长和音色.它们都与函数sin y A t ω=及其参数有关，比如：响度与振幅有关，振幅越大响度越大，振幅越小响度越小；音调与频率有关，频率低的声音低沉，频率高的声音尖锐.我们平时听到的乐音不只是一个音在响，而是许多音的结合，称为复合音.我们听到的声音对应的函数是111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4234y x x x x =++++⋯..给出下列四个结论：①函数1111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4sin1023410y x x x x x =++++⋯+不具有奇偶性；②函数()111sin sin2sin3sin4234f x x x x x =+++在区间ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增；③若某声音甲对应的函数近似为()11sin sin 2sin 323g x x x x =++，则声音甲的响度一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =的响度小；④若某声音乙对应的函数近似为()1sin sin 22x x x ϕ=+，则声音乙一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =更低沉.其中所有正确结论的序号是__________.【答案】②④【解析】【分析】对①，结合奇偶性的定义判断即可；对②，利用正弦型函数的单调性作出判断；对③，分别判断()(),g x h x 的振幅大小可得；对④，求出周期，可得频率，即可得出结论.【详解】对于①，令()1111sin sin2sin3sin4sin1023410F x x x x x x =++++⋯+，所以()()()()()()1111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4sin 1023410F x x x x x x -=-+-+-+-+⋯+-，所以()1111sin sin2sin3sin4sin1023410F x x x x x x -=-----⋅⋅⋅-，所以()()F x F x -=-，所以()F x 是奇函数，①错误；对于②，由ππ88x -≤≤可得，ππ244x -≤≤，3π3π388x -≤≤，ππ422x -≤≤，所以111sin ,sin2,sin3,234x x x x 都在ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增，所以()111sin sin2sin3sin4234f x x x x x =+++在ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增，所以函数()f x 在区间ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增，②正确；对于③．因为()11sin sin 2sin 323g x x x x =++，所以π223g ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，所以()max 23g x ≥，即()g x 的振幅比()1sin22h x x =的振幅大，所以声音甲的响度一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =的响度大，所以③错误；对于④，因为()()()()112πsin 2πsin 24πsin sin 222x x x x x x ϕϕ+=+++=+=，所以函数()x ϕ为周期函数，2π为其周期，若存在02πα<<，使()()x x ϕϕα=+恒成立，则必有()()0ϕϕα=，()()110sin 0sin 00sin sin 222ϕϕααα∴=+===+，()sin 1cos 0αα∴+=，因为02πα<<，πα∴=，又()()()11πsin πsin 2πsin sin 222x x x x x ϕ+=+++=-+与()1sin sin 22x x x ϕ=+不恒相等，所以函数()1sin sin22x x x ϕ=+的最小正周期是2π，所以频率1112πf T ==而()h x 的周期为π，频率21πf =，12f f <，所以声音乙一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =更低沉，所以④正确．故答案为：②④.三､解答题（本大题共5小题，共60分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤）16.如图，在ABC 中，2BD DC = ，E 是AD 的中点，设AB a = ，AC b = .（1）试用a ，b 表示AD ，BE ；（2）若1a b == ，a 与b 的夹角为60︒，求AD BE ⋅ .【答案】（1）1233AD a b =+ ，5163BE a b =-+ （2）518-【解析】【分析】（1）利用向量加法减法的三角形法则及数乘运算即可求解；（2）根据（1）的结论，利用向量的数量积运算法则即可求解.【小问1详解】因为2BD DC = ，所以23BD BC = ，所以221)212(333333AB AC AB AB AC a b AD AB BD AB BC +-=+=+=+=+= .因为E 是AD 的中点，所以()11211()22323BE BA BD AB BC AB AC AB ⎛⎫=+=-+=-+- ⎪⎝⎭ 51516363AB AC a b =-+=-+ .【小问2详解】因为1a b == ，a 与b 的夹角为60︒，所以11cos ,1122a b a b a b ⋅==⨯⨯= ，由（1）知，1233AD a b =+ ，5163BE a b =-+ ，所以22125154233631899AD BE a b a b a a b b ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=+⋅-+=--⋅+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭541251892918=--⨯+=-.17.已知函数()π3sin 24f x x ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭（1）求()f x 的最小正周期；（2）求函数()f x 的单调递增区间；（3）若函数()f x 在区间[]0,a 内只有一个零点，直接写出实数a 的取值范围.【答案】（1）()f x 的最小正周期为π，（2）函数()f x 的单调递增区间是3πππ,π88k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z ；（3）a 的取值范围为3π7π,88⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.【解析】【分析】（1）根据正弦型函数的周期公式求解即可；（2）利用正弦函数的单调区间结论求解；（3）求出()0f x =的解后可得a 的范围．【小问1详解】因为()π3sin 24f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭，所以函数()f x 的最小正周期2ππ2T ==；【小问2详解】由πππ2π22π242k x k -≤+≤+，Z k ∈，可得3ππππ88k x k -≤≤+，Z k ∈，所以函数()f x 的单调递增区间是3πππ,π88k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z ；【小问3详解】由π()3sin(204f x x =+=可得，π2π4x k +=，Z k ∈所以ππ28k x =-，Z k ∈，因为函数()f x 在区间[]0,a 上有且只有一个零点，所以3π7π88a ≤<，所以实数a 的取值范围为3π7π,88⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.18.已知()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin ,(0π)A B C ααα<<.（1）若OA OC += （O 为坐标原点），求OB 与OC 的夹角；（2）若⊥ AC BC ，求sin cos αα-的值.【答案】（1）OB 与OC 的夹角为π6，（2）sin cos 4αα-=【解析】【分析】（1）根据向量模长以及夹角的坐标公式计算即可；（2）由向量垂直得到数量积为0，进而得到1sin cos 4αα+=，通过平方得到2sin cos αα，进而可得()2sin cos αα-，再根据α的范围确定正负，开方得解.【小问1详解】因为()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin A B C αα，所以()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin OA OB OC αα=== ，所以()4cos ,sin OA OC αα+=+ ，由OA OC += ()224+cos sin 21αα+=，所以1cos 2α=，又0πα<<，，所以π3α=，13,22C ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，设OB 与OC 的夹角为β()0πβ≤≤，则cos OB OC OB OC β⋅= 23342==,又0πβ≤≤，故OB 与OC 的夹角为π6，【小问2详解】由⊥ AC BC 得0AC BC ⋅= ，又()cos 4,sin AC αα=- ，()cos ,sin 4BC αα=- ，所以()()cos 4cos sin sin 40αααα-+-=，所以1sin cos 4αα+=，所以152sin cos 016αα-=<，又0πα<<，所以ππ2α<<,所以()21531sin cos 11616αα--=-=，所以sin cos 4αα-=.19.已知函数()()πsin 0,0,2f x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>><⎪⎝⎭，且()f x 图像的相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为π2，再从条件①､条件②､条件③中选择两个作为一组已知条件.（1）确定()f x 的解析式；（2）设函数()π24g x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭，则是否存在实数m ，使得对于任意1π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，存在2π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()()12m g x f x =-成立？若存在，求实数m 的取值范围：若不存在，请说明理由.条件①：()f x 的最小值为2-；条件②：()f x 图像的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭；条件③：()f x 的图像经过点5π,16⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.注：如果选择多组条件分别解答，按第一个解答计分.【答案】（1）选①②，②③，①③答案都为()2sin(2)6f x x π=+，（2）存在m 满足条件，m 的取值范围为2,0⎤⎦.【解析】【分析】（1）先根据已知求出()f x 的最小正周期，即可求解ω，选条件①②：可得()f x 的最小值为A -，可求A ．根据对称中心可求ϕ，即可得解函数解析式；选条件①③：可得()f x 的最小值为A -，可求A ．根据函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，可求ϕ，可得函数解析式；选条件②③：根据对称中心可求ϕ，再根据函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，可求A 的值，即可得解函数解析式．（2）求出函数()f x ，()g x 在π0,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的值域，再结合恒成立、能成立列式求解作答.【小问1详解】由于函数()f x 图像上两相邻对称轴之间的距离为π2，所以()f x 的最小正周期π2π2T =⨯=，所以2π2T ω==，此时()()sin 2f x A x ϕ=+.选条件①②：因为()f x 的最小值为A -，所以2A =．因为()f x 图象的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，所以5π2π(Z)12k k ϕ⨯+=∈，所以56k ϕπ=π-，()k ∈Z ，因为||2ϕπ<，所以π6ϕ=，此时1k =，所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+．选条件①③：因为()f x 的最小值为A -，所以2A =．因为函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭，则5π()16f =-，所以5π2sin()13ϕ+=-，即5π1sin()32ϕ+=-．因为||2ϕπ<，所以7π5π13π636ϕ<+<，所以5π11π36ϕ+=，所以π6ϕ=，所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+．选条件②③：因为函数()f x 的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，所以5π2π(Z)12k k ϕ⨯+=∈，所以5ππ(Z)6k k ϕ=-∈．因为||2ϕπ<，所以π6ϕ=，此时1k =．所以π()sin(26f x A x =+．因为函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭，所以5π(16f =-，所以5ππsin 136A ⎛⎫+=-⎪⎝⎭，11πsin 16A =-，所以2A =，所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+．综上，不论选哪两个条件，()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.【小问2详解】由（1）知，()2sin(2)6f x x π=+，由20,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦得：2ππ7π2,666x ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，2π1sin 2,162x ⎛⎫⎡⎤+∈- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦，因此[]2()1,2f x ∈-，由10,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦得：1ππ5π2,444x ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，1πsin 2,142x ⎡⎤⎛⎫+∈-⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎣⎦，因此1()g x ⎡∈-⎣，从而1()1,g x m m m ⎡-∈---+⎣，由()()12m g x f x =-得：()()21f x g x m =-，假定存在实数m ，使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()()12m g x f x =-成立，即存在实数m ，使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()()21f x g x m =-成立，则[]1,1,2m m ⎡---+⊆-⎣，于是得112m m --≥-⎧⎪⎨-+≤⎪⎩，解得20m -≤≤，因此存在实数m ，使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()()12m g x f x =-成立，所以实数m的取值范围是2,0⎤⎦.20.对于定义在R 上的函数()f x 和正实数T 若对任意x ∈R ，有()()f x T f x T +-=，则()f x 为T -阶梯函数.（1）分别判断下列函数是否为1-阶梯函数（直接写出结论）：①()2f x x =；②()1f x x =+.（2）若()sin f x x x =+为T -阶梯函数，求T 的所有可能取值；（3）已知()f x 为T -阶梯函数，满足：()f x 在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减，且对任意x ∈R ，有()()2f T x f x T x --=-.若函数()()F x f x ax b =--有无穷多个零点，记其中正的零点从小到大依次为123,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅；若1a =时，证明：存在b ∈R ，使得()F x 在[]0,2023T 上有4046个零点，且213240464045x x x x x x -=-=⋅⋅⋅=-.【答案】（1）①否；②是（2）2πT k =，*k ∈N （3）证明见解析【解析】【分析】（1）利用T -阶梯函数的定义进行检验即可判断；（2）利用T -阶梯函数的定义，结合正弦函数的性质即可得解；（3）根据题意得到()()F x T F x +=，()()F T x F x -=，从而取3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，结合零点存在定理可知()F x 在(),1mT m T +⎡⎤⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点：4T mT +，34T mT +，从而得解.【小问1详解】()2f x x =，则22(1)()(1)211f x f x x x x +-=+-=+≠；()1f x x =+，则(1)()11f x f x x x +-=+-=，故①否；②是.【小问2详解】因为()f x 为T -阶梯函数，所以对任意x ∈R 有：()()()()()sin sin sin sin f x T f x x T x T x x x T x T T +-=+++-+=+-+=⎡⎤⎣⎦.所以对任意x ∈R ，()sin sin x T x +=，因为sin y x =是最小正周期为2π的周期函数，又因为0T >，所以2πT k =，*k ∈N .【小问3详解】因为1a =，所以函数()()F x f x x b =--，则()()()()()()()F x T f x T x T b f x T x T b f x x b F x +=+-+-=+-+-=--=，()()()()()()()2F T x f T x T x b f x T x T x b f x x b F x -=----=+----=--=.取3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，则有3330444TT T F f b ⎛⎫⎛⎫=--= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，30444T T T F F T F ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，由于()f x 在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减，因此()()F x f x x b =--在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减，结合()()F T x F x -=，则有()F x 在0,2T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上有唯一零点4T ，在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上有唯一零点34T .又由于()()F x T F x +=，则对任意k ∈Ζ，有044T T F kT F ⎛⎫⎛⎫+== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，33044T T F kT F ⎛⎫⎛⎫+== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，因此，对任意m ∈Z ，()F x 在(),1mT m T +⎡⎤⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点：4T mT +，34T mT +.综上所述，存在3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，使得()F x 在[]0,2023T 上有4046个零点，且14T x =，234T x =，354T x =，474T x =，L ，404580894T x =，404680914T x =，其中，2132404640452T x x x x x x -=-=⋅⋅⋅=-=.【点睛】关键点睛：本题解决的关键是充分理解新定义T -阶梯函数，从而在第3小问推得()()F x T F x +=，()()F T x F x -=，由此得解.。

2023-2024太原初二第二学期期中考试笔试部分一、补全对话三、阅读理解A请阅读下面信息，判断句子正误。

与短文内容相符的选“T”,与短文内容不相符的选“F”,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

36.The Green Family Farm needs volunteers to help plant trees this summer.( )37.The Green Family Farm is at No.2 Shahe Street in Qingxu,Taiyuan.( )38.We can volunteer in the Green Family Farm every weekend from May to August.( )39.If you want to learn more information,you can call 0351-******* or send an e-mail.( )40.Students can learn all kinds of life skills at the Green Family Farm.( )BNowadays,whether teenagers should do chores or not has become a hot topic.Here is a post(帖子)about it on .Question:Should teenagers do chores?Labor(劳动)education catches people's eye these days.But many surveys show that kids are getting lazier and more parents are doing all the housework.Do you think teenagers should spend time on chores? Please leave your comments(评论)about this question.CommentsDavid Children often get a lot of homework and have much stress about school.So they don't have time and energy to do chores.Parents should do the housework insteadof the children.Bob Doing chores helps children to be more independent.It also teaches them life skills such as washing clothes,cooking and cleaning.Kids should be able to do thingsby themselves.They can't live with their parents forever.Mary Doing chores may take a long time.If you are not good at doing chores,you may get into trouble like breaking things or hurting yourself.So there is no need forteenagers to do chores.Alice We students sit on the chairs all day to study and play with our phones sometimes after school,not wanting to exercise or do other things at all.It is bad for our health.However,doing housework,from doing the dishes to sweeping the floor,can makeus move around and keep away from our phones for a while.Peter If we take the responsibility to do it,parents will be very happy!In fact,all the family members,not just our mothers,should share the housework.It shows ourlove to the family and the idea of fairness.41.The passage is from______________.A.a storybookB.a reportC.a website42.From David's words,we can know that_______________.A.David gets a lot of stress from houseworkB.David wants to do housework together with his familyC.David thinks that doing chores should be parents' job43. Which of the following is TRUE according to Alice's words?A.Doing chores is good for children's health.B,Children just want to make their parents happyC.Doing chores can make children independent.44. What does the underlined word “responsibility" mean in the text?A.责任B.机会C.挑战45. Who has the similar idea with Peter?A. David.B. Bob.C.Mary.CIt's normal to have different ideas from others. People may think that disagreement causes fights. However, this is not true, If we communicate with others in a proper way, disagreement will also be happy and educational.46First of all,we should listen to others carefully when they show different ideas. Sometimes we may want to show our ideas too much,so we don't really listen. 47When you listen to others, give them your full attention to show them that your are interested in what they are saying.Secondly, when somebody doesn’t agree with you, don't treat him in an unfair way.48 Instead, we should use the facts, not your feelings to communicate with others. Try to realize that their ideas cover something useful, though you don't have to agree with them.49 When you show your opinion, make sure you are using “I” language, not “we language. The use of “we” may let others feel that the speaker feels like ganging together (拉结派).It's not helpful to reach an agreement.All in all, if we know the truth of communication, it'll be easier for us to reach an agreement. 50 It is all about listening and understanding. What's more, rememberto respect(尊重)each other though we have different opinions.A. It means we shouldn’t get angry with him or shout at himB. But careful listening is the first step to know others betterC. Thirdly, be sure that you are speaking only for yourself.D. Make sure your friends will agree with you finallyE. Then what is the truth of communication?F. Here's some advice.DAccidents happen more often than you think.Every year in China,3.2 million people die in accidents—that's almost six people every minute.Scientists say that the 10 minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death.This is why learning first aid(急救)is so important for everyone.Common first aid training teaches you how to deal with emergencies(突发情况),do CPR(心肺复苏),and treat things like burns,bleeding and broken bones.You can learn first aid by visiting the official website(官方网站)of China First Aid training.You can also read books or watch videos that can be found on free apps.Going to some first aid camps is also a good idea,and it takes only a few hours to learn some useful skills there.Knowing the importance of learning first aid skills,many schools in Taiyuan have started first aid training lessons.After taking these lessons,a lot of students not only learned how to deal with small accidents,but also learned to keep calm when facing them.Taiyuan Daily ReportOn Mar.21st,a man had a sudden heart problem at the subway station.As soon as he fell down on the floor,several warm-hearted citizens(市民)came to help.Zhang英语试题参考答案及等级评定建议一、补全对话(每小题2分，共10分)21—25 BEAGF二、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)26—30 BCABC31—35 ABABC三、阅读理解(每小题2分，共40分)(A)36—40 FTFTF(B)41—45 CCAAB(C)46—50 FBACE(D)51.Because the 10 minutes after an accident can make the differencebetween life and death.52.They can visit the official website of China First Aid Training or readbooks./By visiting the official website of China First Aid Training or reading books./They can watch videos that can be found on free apps orgo to some first aid camps./…(任写两种方式即可)53.(It will take)1.5 hours/one(an)hour and a half/one and a half hours.54.(We can learn)Zhang Hua not only learned how to deal with smallaccidents,but also learned to keep calm when facing them(at school)./We should learn first aid skills and try to help others in need (just likeZhang Hua)./It's necessary for students to learn first aid skills./.…(言之有理即可)55.I learned how to deal with bleeding./…I learned it on the Internet./At school./…(开放性答案，言之有理即可。

第1页 共4页 镇海中学2023-2024学年第二学期期中考试高一数学试题卷本试卷共4页，19小题，满分150分.考试用时120分钟.注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卷上.2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卷上对应题目选项的答案标号涂黑.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内相应位置上；不准使用铅笔和涂改液.4.考生必须保持答题卷的整洁，不要折叠、不要弄破.选择题部分(共58分)一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．复数11i z =+，2i z =，其中i 为虚数单位，则复数12z z z =⋅在复平面内所对应的点在第（ ▲ ）象限A ．一B ．二C ．三D ．四 2．边长为2的正三角形的直观图的面积是（ ▲ ）A． B． CD．3．甲乙丙丁四位同学各掷5次骰子并记录点数，方差最大的是（ ▲ ）甲：4 5 4 5 5 乙：4 2 3 4 3 丙：2 3 2 3 4 丁：6 1 2 6 1 A ．甲 B ．乙 C ．丙 D ．丁 4.若a b c ，，为空间中的不同直线，αβγ，，为不同平面，则下列为真命题的个数是（ ▲ ） ①a c b c ⊥⊥，，则a b ；②a b αα⊥⊥，，则a b ；③αγβγ⊥⊥，，则αβ； ④a a αβ⊥⊥，，则αβ.A ．0B ．1C ．2D ． 3 5．一个射击运动员打靶6:9，5，7，6，8，7下列结论不正确．．．的是（ ▲ ） A.这组数据的平均数为7 B.这组数据的众数为7 C.这组数据的中位数为7 D.这组数据的方差为76．如图，正三棱柱'''ABC A B C -的所有边长都相等，P 为线段'BB 的中点，Q 为侧面''BB C C 内的一点（包括边界，异于点P ），过点A 、P 、Q作正三棱柱的截面，则截面的形状不．可能．．是（ ▲ ） A ．五边形 B ．四边形 C ．等腰三角形 D ．直角三角形7．已知球O 为棱长为1的正四面体ABCD 的外接球，若点P 是正四面体ABCD 的表面上的一点，Q 为球O 表面上的一点，则PQ 的最大值为（ ▲ ）ABCD第2页 共4页 8. 三棱锥P ABC -中，2 4 2 3PA PB CP BA BC ABC π====∠=，，，，则三棱锥P ABC -的体积的最大值为（ ▲ ） A.1 B.2 C.6 D.12二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，有选错的得0 分，部分选对的得部分． 9.已知事件A ，B 满足()0.2P A =，()0.6P B =，则（ ▲ ）A. 事件A 与B 可能为对立事件B. 若A 与B 相互独立，则()0.48P AB = C. 若A 与B 互斥，则()0.8P AB = D. 若A 与B 互斥，则()0.12P AB =10.如图，在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，M N E ，，分别为线段111 A A D C B D ，，中点，P Q ，分别为线段BE ，线段1CD 上的动点，则三棱锥M PQN -的体积（ ▲ ）A.与P 点位置有关B.与P 点位置无关C.与Q 点位置有关D.与Q 点位置无关 11.如图，三棱锥P ABC -中，ABC △PA ⊥底面2ABC PA Q =，，是线段BC 上一动点,则下列说法正确的是（ ▲ ）A.点B 到平面PAQ 的距离的最大值为32B.三棱锥P ABC -的内切球半径为38C.PB 与AQ 所成角可能为4π D.AQ 与平面PBC 所成角的正切值的最大值为43非选择题部分(共92分)三、 填空题: 本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分．12. 将一枚质地均匀的骰子连续抛掷2次，向上的点数分别记为a b ，，则事件||1a b -≤“”的概率为__▲__.13.正方体1111ABCD A B C D -棱长为2N ，为线段AC 上一动点，M 为线段1DD 上一动点，则1A M MN +的最小值为__▲__.14. 某工厂的三个车间生产同一种产品，三个车间的产量分布如图所示，现在用分层随机抽样方法从三个车间生产的该产品中，共抽取70件做使用寿命的测试，则C 车间应抽取的件数为__▲___；若A,B,C 三个车间产品的平均寿命分别为200，220，210小时，方差分别为30，20，40，则总样本的方差为__▲__.第3页 共4页 四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 15.（13分）已知复数z 满足方程()1i i a z b +=，其中i 为虚数单位，a b ∈R 、.（1）当12a b ==，时，求||z ；（2）若1z z ⋅=，求2b a +的最小值.16.（15分）正方体1111ABCD A B C D -棱长为2，E ，F 分别为11A D 和11C D 的中点． (1)证明：直线CF平面BDE ;(2)求直线1AA 与平面BDE 所成角的正切值．17. （15分）为贯彻落实党的二十大关于深化全民阅读活动的重要部署，进一步推动青少年学生阅读深入开展，促进全面提升育人水平，教育部决定开展全国青少年学生读书行动.某校实施了全国青少年学生读书行动实施方案.现从该校的2400名学生中发放调查问卷，随机调查100名学生一周的课外阅读时间，将统计数据按照[0，20），[20，40），…[120，140]分组后绘制成如图所示的频率分布直方图（单位：分钟）(1)若每周课外阅读时间1小时以上视为达标，则该校达标的约为几人（保留整数）； (2)估计该校学生每周课外阅读的平均时间；(3)估计该校学生每周课外阅读时间的第75百分位数（结果保留1位小数）.A 1第4页 共4页 18.（17分）如图，已知三棱台111ABC A B C -，平面11ABB A ⊥平面11BCC B ，ABC △是以B 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形，且1111222AB AA A B BB ===，（1）证明：BC ⊥平面11ABB A ； （2）求点B 到面11ACC A 的距离;（3）在线段1CC 上是否存在点F ，使得二面角F AB C --的大小为6π，若存在，求出CF 的长，若不存在，请说明理由.19.（17分）球面几何学是在球表面上的几何学，也是非欧几何的一个例子.对于半径为R 的球O ，过球面上一点A 作两条大圆的弧AB AC ，，它们构成的图形叫做球面角，记作BAC(A)或，其值为二面角B AO C --的大小,点A 称为球面角的顶点，大圆弧AB AC ，称为球面角的边.不在同一大圆上的三点A BC ，，，可以得到经过这三点中任意两点的大圆的劣弧,,AB BC CA ，这三条劣弧组成的图形称为球面ABC △.这三条劣弧称为球面ABC △的边，A B C ，，三点称为球面ABC △的顶点；三个球面角A,B,C 称为球面ABC △的三个内角.已知球心为O 的单位球面上有不同在一个大圆上的三点A B C ，，. （1）球面ABC △的三条边长相等（称为等边球面三角形），若A=2π，求球面ABC △的内角和；（2）类比二面角，我们称从点P 出发的三条射线,,PM PN PQ 组成的图形为三面角，记为P MNQ -.其中点P 称为三面角的顶点，PM PN PQ ，，称为它的棱，,,MPN NPQ QPM ∠∠∠称为它的面角.若三面角 O ABC -. (i) 求球面ABC △的三个内角的余弦值; (ii) 求球面ABC △的面积.A镇海中学2023学年第⼆学期期中考试参考答案⾼⼀年级数学学科⼀、选择题：本题共8⼩题，每⼩题5分，共40分．题号12345678答案B A D C D A D B⼆、多选题：本题共3⼩题，每⼩题6分，共18分.题号91011答案BC BD ABD三、填空题:本题共3⼩题，每⼩题5分，共15分12.13.14．21；89四、解答题：本题共5⼩题，共77分，第15题13分，16、17题每题15分．18、19题每题17分.解答应写出⽂字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15.对两边取模即(1)时,.(2)16.(1)如图⼀所示取中点,连接分别为中点,∴,易证四点共⾯,⼜:四边形为平⾏四边形.∴平⾯平⾯平⾯.(2)如图⼆所示,取中点分别为,连接,取中点,连接,由题意得平⾯,⼜、平⾯,∴平⾯平⾯平⾯平⾯,交线为,易证直线与平⾯所成⻆为.12图⼀图⼆17.【答案】(1)1440；(2)68；(3)86.7（1）由题意知，每周课外阅读时间为1⼩时以上的⼈数约为.（2）该校学⽣每周课外阅读的平均时间为：分钟.（3）因为前4组的频率和为，第5组的频率为0.15，所以第75百分位数位于第5组内.所以估计第75百分位数为.18.解:(1)三棱台中,.,则四边形为等腰梯形且,设,则.由余弦定理,,则.由勾股定理的逆定理得.∵平⾯平⾯,平⾯平⾯,故由知平⾯.平⾯.⼜∵是以为直⻆顶点的等腰直⻆三⻆形,即,⼜平⾯平⾯∴平⾯.(2)由棱台性质知,延⻓交于⼀点.,则,故.平⾯即平⾯,故即三棱锥中⾯的⾼.由(1)中所设,为等边三⻆形故.解得.故.所求的点到平⾯的距离即到⾯的距离,设为解得.(3)∵平⾯平⾯平⾯平⾯,平⾯平⾯取中点,正中,,则平⾯平⾯,∴平⾯平⾯.于是,作,平⾯平⾯,故平⾯,再作,连结.则即在平⾯上的射影,由三垂线定理,.故即⼆⾯⻆的平⾯⻆.设,由⼏何关系,,则.若存在使得⼆⾯⻆的⼤⼩为,于是,解得,故.19.解：（1）因为，所以，设为，显然3过作交于，连则，从⽽是的平⾯⻆，即⼜由，所以得到.所以两两垂直，从⽽所以球⾯的内⻆和为.（2）(i)不妨设则可以⽤(ii)记球⾯的⾯积为，设的三个对径点分别为.引理1：如图，若半径为⽉形球⾯⻆的⼤⼩为为，则⽉形球⾯的⾯积为引理2：引理3：在半径为的球⾯上,任意.特别地,在单位球⾯上,球⾯的⾯积,引理证明：三个⼤圆将球⾯分为8个部分，4⽉形的⾯积;⽉形的⾯积;⽉形的⾯积.三式相加得⼜因为;所以：即：.回到原题，所求答案为。

北京市第五十六中学2023—2024学年度第二学期期中过程性检测七年级 数学答案及评分标准考试时间：100分钟满分：100分一、选择题（每题2分，共16分）.题号12345678答案DBCCBDAB三、解答题（共68分）.17.（1） …… 5分（2）5分（3）=3-2-（-4）=5 …… 5分（4） = …… 5分18.（1）…… 5分（2）1372+()326429---154+()2364-=x 38x -=±11,5x x ==-31312x +=-…… 5分19.（1）画图…… 2分（2）PE <PF <FO …… 3分（3）垂线段最短…… 5分20.（1）（2）解：把代入中，得 解：×3 得：3x + 9y = 3③6y 5y =3 ③得： 8y = 8 解得 y =3 解得y = 1把y =3代入中， 把y =1代入中，x =9x -3=1， x =2所以是该方程组的解. …… 5分 所以是该方程组的解. …… 5分21.∵,(已知)，∴（垂直定义），∴，∴AB ∥（CD ）（同旁内角互补，两直线平行），，∴（同位角相等，两直线平行），∴（平行于同一直线的两直线平行）. (5)分83-=x 2-=x 3,253.x y x y =⎧⎨-=⎩①②31,35.x y x y +=-⎧⎨+=⎩①②①②①---②--①-①-93x y =⎧⎨=⎩21=⎧⎨=-⎩x y ()A CEF ∠=∠ 已知BA22. 证明：∵1=AHB ，1=2 ∴AHB = 2∴AF ∥ED ∴A =BED ∵A =D ∴D =BED ∴AB ∥CD ∴B = C…… 5分23．解：设每张“空中飞人”的票价x 元，每张“保卫地球”的票价y 元．…… 1分根据题意，得 …………………3分解得 …………………………4分答：每张“空中飞人”的票价40元，每张“保卫地球”的票价50元． …… 5分24.（1） ①作图…………………………………………………………………………….….1分②解： ……………………………………………………2分过点C 作CF //MN.……………………………………………….….5分∠∠∠∠∠∠∠∠∠∠∠∠∠∠421032220.x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩，4050.x y =⎧⎨=⎩，∠∠︒N D C -C E B =90//,//////13180,24349018012901290MN CF MN PQCF PQ MNCD CEDCE ∴∴∠+∠=︒∠=∠⊥∴∠=∠+∠=︒∴︒-∠+∠=︒∴∠-∠=︒21GH FEDCB A（2）………………………………………………8分四、选做题（共10分）.25.…… …… 4分（一共四空，每空1分）第n 个多边形数类型n=2n=3n=4n=5n=6n=7…n=k 三角形数3610152128…a 四边形数4916253649…b 五边形数51222355170…2b -a90NDC CEB ∠-∠=︒90NDC CEB ∠+∠=︒90CEB NDC ∠-∠=︒26.（1）证明：∵AM ∥BN ∴∠BCD =∠CDM∵∠BAD =∠BCD ∴∠BAD =∠CDM ∴AB ∥DC（2）①结论：∠AEB =2∠ACB证明：∵AM ∥BN ∴∠ACB =∠DAC ∠AEB =∠DAE ∵∠EAC=∠DAC ∴∠EAC =∠ACB =∠DAC ∵∠AEB =∠DAE=∠EAC +∠D AC ∴∠AEB =2∠ACB ②证明：∵AB ∥DC∴∠ACD =∠BAC ∵AM ∥BN∴∠AFB =∠FAD ∵∠ACD =∠AFB ∴∠BAC =∠FAD∵∠BAC -∠FAC =∠FAD -∠FAC ∴∠BAF =∠CAD ∵AF 平分∠BAE 的线∴∠BAF =∠FAE ∵AM ∥BN∴∠ACB =∠DAC………… ………… 6分FAE ACB ∴∠=∠A DBMCN图1AE F DB MCN图2。