人机界面控制器

人机界面百科名片人机界面（又称用户界面或使用者界面）是系统和用户之间进行交互和信息交换的媒介，它实现信息的内部形式与人类可以接受形式之间的转换。

凡参与人机信息交流的领域都存在着人机界面。

编辑本段人机界面概念介绍人机界面（Human–Machine Interaction，简称HMI），是人与计算机之间传递、交换信息的媒介和对话接口，是计算机系统的重要组成部分。

是指人和机器在信息交换和功能上接触或互相影响的领域或称界面所说人机结合面，信息交换，功能接触或互相影响，指人和机器的硬接触和软触，此结合面不仅包括点线面的直接接触，还包括远距离的信息传递与控制的作用空间。

人机结合面是人机系统中的中心一环节，主要由安全工程学的分支学科安全人机工程学去研究和提出解决的依据，并过安全工程设备工程学，安全管理工程学以及安全系统工程学去研究具体的解决方法手段措施安全人机学。

它实现信息的内部形式与人类可以接受形式之间的转换。

凡参与人机信息交流的领域都存在着人机界面。

现在大量运用在工业与商业上，简单的区分为“输入”（Input）与“输出”（Ouput）两种，输入指的是由人来进行机械或设备的操作，如把手、开关、门、指令(命令)的下达或保养维护等，而输出指的是由机械或设备发出来的通知，如故障、警告、操作说明提示等，好的人机接口会帮助使用者更简单、更正确、更迅速的操作机械，也能使机械发挥最大的效能并延长使用寿命，而目前市面上所指的人机接口则多界狭义的指在软件人性化的操作接口上。

特定行业的人机界面可能有特定的定义和分类，比如工业人机界面(Industrial Human-machine Interface 或简称Industrial HMI)，具体解释可查看“工业人机界面”词条。

编辑本段人机交互概念介绍人机交互、人机互动（Human-Computer Interface,简写HCI，又称用户界面或使用者界面）：是一门研究系统与用户之间的互动关系的学问。

PLC与人机界面（HMI）的集成与应用PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）和人机界面（HMI）是现代自动化系统中常见的两个关键组成部分，它们之间的集成与应用对于实现高效的工业控制至关重要。

本文将从几个方面探讨PLC与HMI的集成与应用，并介绍其在工业控制领域的重要性。

一、PLC与HMI简介PLC是一种专门用于控制工业过程和机器的计算机设备。

它通过预先编程的指令，根据输入信号采取相应的控制动作，控制输出信号的状态。

PLC具有可靠性高、可编程性强、扩展性好等特点，被广泛应用于制造业、自动化工程等领域。

HMI是指人与机器之间进行交互的界面，通常由触摸屏和相应的软件组成。

人机界面的主要功能是显示和操作PLC系统的各种信息，包括实时数据、报警信息、设备状态等。

通过直观、友好的界面，操作人员可以方便地控制和监测工业系统的运行状态。

二、PLC与HMI的集成方式1. 直接连接方式最简单的集成方式是将PLC和HMI直接连接在一起。

PLC通过一个特定的通信模块与HMI进行通信，实现数据的传输和控制的交互。

这种方式适用于小型控制系统，但对于大型系统来说，直接连接方式可能导致数据传输速度慢、容错性差等问题。

2. 以太网连接方式采用以太网连接方式可以克服直接连接方式的局限性。

通过以太网通信，PLC和HMI可以实现高速稳定的数据传输。

此外，以太网连接方式还支持远程监控和管理，方便维护人员对系统进行远程操作。

3. 使用总线通信方式使用总线通信方式是集成PLC和HMI的一种常见方式，常见的总线通信协议包括Profibus、Modbus、CAN等。

通过总线通信，PLC和HMI可以实现多路通信，提高系统的扩展性和灵活性。

三、PLC与HMI的应用1. 自动化生产线控制在自动化生产线上，PLC和HMI的集成应用十分广泛。

通过PLC控制器对生产线各个步骤进行编程，再通过HMI界面，操作人员可以实时监测生产状态、设备运行参数，并可以进行相关参数的调整和控制，从而提高生产效率和产品质量。

Programmable Logic Controller And Human Machine InterfaceAlong with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path.We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed.Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay.In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner.One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84 moniker at the end of its product range until the 984 made its appearance.The automotive industry is still one of the largest users of PLCs.Early PLCs were designed to replace relay logic systems. These PLCs were programmed in "ladder logic", which strongly resembles a schematic diagram of relay logic. This program notation was chosen to reduce training demands for the existing technicians. Other early PLCs used a form of instruction list programming, based on a stack-based logic solver.Modern PLCs can be programmed in a variety of ways, from ladder logic to more traditional programming languages such as BASIC and C. Another method is State Logic, a very high-level programming language designed to program PLCs based on state transition diagrams.Many early PLCs did not have accompanying programming terminals that were capable of graphical representation of the logic, and so the logic was instead represented as a series of logic expressions in some version of Boolean format, similar to Boolean algebra. As programming terminals evolved, it became more common for ladder logic to be used, for the aforementioned reasons. Newer formats such as State Logic and Function Block (which is similar to the way logic is depicted when using digital integrated logic circuits) exist, but they are still not as popular as ladder logic.A primary reason for this is that PLCs solve the logic in a predictable and repeating sequence, and ladder logic allows the programmer (the person writing the logic) to see any issues with the timing of the logic sequence more easily than would be possible inother formats.2.1ProgrammingEarly PLCs, up to the mid-1980s, were programmed using proprietary programming panels or special-purpose programming terminals, which often had dedicated function keys representing the various logical elements of PLC programs. Programs were stored on cassette tape cartridges. Facilities for printing and documentation were very minimal due to lack of memory capacity. The very oldest PLCs used non-volatile magnetic core memory.More recently, PLCs are programmed using application software on personal computers. The computer is connected to the PLC through Ethernet, RS-232, RS-485 or RS-422 cabling. The programming software allows entry and editing of the ladder-style logic. Generally the software provides functions for debugging and troubleshooting the PLC software, for example, by highlighting portions of the logic to show current status during operation or via simulation. The software will upload and download the PLC program, for backup and restoration purposes. In some models of programmable controller, the program is transferred from a personal computer to the PLC though a programming board which writes the program into a removable chip such as an EEPROM or EPROM.The functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include sequential relay control, motion control, process control, distributed control systems and networking. The data handling, storage, processing power and communication capabilities of some modern PLCs are approximately equivalent to desktop computers. PLC-like programming combined with remote I/O hardware, allow a general-purpose desktop computer to overlap some PLCs in certain applications. Regarding the practicality of these desktop computer based logic controllers, it is important to note that they have not been generally accepted in heavy industry because the desktop computers run on less stable operating systems than do PLCs, and because the desktop computer hardware is typically not designed to the same levels of tolerance to temperature, humidity, vibration, and longevity as the processors used in PLCs. In addition to the hardware limitations of desktop based logic, operating systems such as Windows do not lend themselves to deterministic logic execution, with the result that the logic may not always respond to changes in logic state or input status with the extreme consistency in timing as is expected from PLCs. Still, such desktop logic applications find use in less critical situations, such as laboratory automation and usein small facilities where the application is less demanding and critical, because they are generally much less expensive than PLCs.In more recent years, small products called PLRs (programmable logic relays), and also by similar names, have become more common and accepted. These are very much like PLCs, and are used in light industry where only a few points of I/O (i.e. a few signals coming in from the real world and a few going out) are involved, and low cost is desired. These small devices are typically made in a common physical size and shape by several manufacturers, and branded by the makers of larger PLCs to fill out their low end product range. Popular names include PICO Controller, NANO PLC, and other names implying very small controllers. Most of these have between 8 and 12 digital inputs, 4 and 8 digital outputs, and up to 2 analog inputs. Size is usually about 4" wide, 3" high, and 3" deep. Most such devices include a tiny postage stamp sized LCD screen for viewing simplified ladder logic (only a very small portion of the program being visible at a given time) and status of I/O points, and typically these screens are accompanied by a 4-way rocker push-button plus four more separate push-buttons, similar to the key buttons on a VCR remote control, and used to navigate and edit the logic. Most have a small plug for connecting via RS-232 or RS-485 to a personal computer so that programmers can use simple Windows applications for programming instead of being forced to use the tiny LCD and push-button set for this purpose. Unlike regular PLCs that are usually modular and greatly expandable, the PLRs are usually not modular or expandable, but their price can be two orders of magnitude less than a PLC and they still offer robust design and deterministic execution of the logic.The main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe conditions (such as dust, moisture, heat, cold) and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. These connect the PLC to sensors and actuators. PLCs read limit switches, analog process variables (such as temperature and pressure), and the positions of complex positioning systems. Some use machine vision. On the actuator side, PLCs operate electric motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, magnetic relays, solenoids, or analog outputs. The input/output arrangements may be built into a simple PLC, or the PLC may have external I/O modules attached to a computer network that plugs into the PLC.A small PLC will have a fixed number of connections built in for inputs and outputs. Typically, expansions are available if the base model has insufficient I/O.Modular PLCs have a chassis (also called a rack) into which are placed modules with different functions. The processor and selection of I/O modules is customised for the particular application. Several racks can be administered by a single processor, and may have thousands of inputs and outputs. A special high speed serial I/O link is used so that racks can be distributed away from the processor, reducing the wiring costs for large plants.PLCs may need to interact with people for the purpose of configuration, alarm reporting or everyday control.A simple system may use buttons and lights to interact with the user. Text displays are available as well as graphical touch screens. More complex systems use a programming and monitoring software installed on a computer, with the PLC connected via a communication interface.PLCs have built in communications ports, usually 9-pin RS-232, but optionally EIA-485 or Ethernet. Modbus, BACnet or DF1 is usually included as one of the communications protocols. Other options include various fieldbuses such as DeviceNet or Profibus. Other communications protocols that may be used are listed in the List of automation protocols.Most modern PLCs can communicate over a network to some other system, such as a computer running a SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system or web browser.PLCs used in larger I/O systems may have peer-to-peer (P2P) communication between processors. This allows separate parts of a complex process to have individual control while allowing the subsystems to co-ordinate over the communication link. These communication links are also often used for HMI devices such as keypads or PC-type workstations.PLC programs are typically written in a special application on a personal computer, then downloaded by a direct-connection cable or over a network to the PLC. The program is stored in the PLC either in battery-backed-up RAM or some other non-volatile flash memory. Often, a single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands of relays.Under the IEC 61131-3 standard, PLCs can be programmed using standards-based programming languages. A graphical programming notation called Sequential Function Charts is available on certain programmable controllers. Initially most PLCs utilized Ladder Logic Diagram Programming, a model which emulatedelectromechanical control panel devices (such as the contact and coils of relays) which PLCs replaced. This model remains common today.IEC 61131-3 currently defines five programming languages for programmable control systems: FBD (Function block diagram), LD (Ladder diagram), ST (Structured text, similar to the Pascal programming language), IL (Instruction list, similar to assembly language) and SFC (Sequential function chart). These techniques emphasize logical organization of operations.While the fundamental concepts of PLC programming are common to all manufacturers, differences in I/O addressing, memory organization and instruction sets mean that PLC programs are never perfectly interchangeable between different makers. Even within the same product line of a single manufacturer, different models may not be directly compatible.Human Machine Interface (HMI) combines with the Programmable Logic Controller to our larger space.Good interface design is very important, because compared with other characteristics, the system to give users leave system interface more deep impression. After all, users from will often system usability perspective on a system, not from how it ingeniously carried out its internal task this Angle. From the user's perspective they may according to system interface in a competition to choose between sexual system. Therefore, the system interface design can be convicted a software project success final decision factors.For these reasons, man-machine interface in a software development project needs the analysis phase has become a very important concerns for software engineering, and it a branch area. In fact, some people claim that the man-machine interface research is a completely independent field.The current status of HMI (Human Machine Interface) in the field of industrial automation is characterized by a predominance of embedded lowpower devices that are interfaced with proprietary or standard field buses specifically devised for the industrial plant monitoring and automation.Commercial systems typically rely on proprietary architectures for the hardware and the operating systems, the I/O interface, the communication protocols implementation, the graphic display management, and the business logics. This situation is largely due to the strong focus on costs, performances and reliability, which overcomes the interest in standard architectures and high quality of interfacesand services. Moreover, industrial automation communication protocols have not reached the same level of standardization as office communication networks, which further justifies the predominance of proprietary architectures.However, the success of the Internet and of the Web has started impacting the industrial HMI world too. Industrial users are starting to familiarize with Web interfaces, graphical quality, multimedia content, and features such as mobility, adaptivity, and personalization of the applications. At the same time,TCP-IP based communication protocols and embedded operating systems have started to spread in the industrial automation field [6][10], thus reducing the need of proprietary architectures making enterprisewide integration more appealing. In this scenario, it is easy to foresee a slow but inexorable convergence of the industrial HMI solutions towards standard architectures, standard communication protocols, and advanced interactive functions.HMI the control not only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in one's power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, and the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that think to be good very.可编程逻辑控制器与人机界面随着时代的发展，当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈，单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景，也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象。

JMDM-2011多功能人机界面工业控制器一体机一、产品描述1、JMDM-2011 简介深圳市精敏数字机器有限公司基于多年的工业控制行业经验，自主研发的JMDM-2011产品是一种集成多功能型人机界面和单片机控制器一体机，是目前业内一款经过多年大规模成熟的工业应用、具有抗强干扰能力、功能强大、稳定可靠的工业控制器。

它硬件采用具有高性能、工业级别的进口单片机和运动控制专用芯片及零部件、系统时钟芯片，专业的稳定性、抗干扰电路设计，软件采用C语言或汇编语言编程，具有良好的可扩展性，可实现多种功能：可通过蓝色高清液晶屏人机交互界面上的16个薄膜轻触开关在线设置参数，实现控制电磁阀、汽缸、传感器、接近开关、霍尔开关等；步进、伺服电机高精度、高速的定位、精确时间控制、速度控制；带PID专家算法，用于模拟信号检测输入、输出；编码器位置检测控制；步进伺服编码器闭环控制；PWM脉宽调制控制等。

适用于各种强电磁、高频干扰等环境恶劣的工业场合，JMDM-2011工业控制器以稳定可靠、高性价比和优异的性能表现极大地提高了客户的生产效率和经济效益。

2、JMDM-2011多功能组合产品功能介绍JMDM-2011 有基本型和多种扩展型产品，根据客户需求可进行定制化开发。

成型产品分为：基本型、电机运动控制扩展型、D/A扩展型、A/D扩展型、编码器扩展型、PWM脉宽调制输出扩展型、电机和编码器闭环控制扩展型等其它定制化扩展型。

1）基本型：有12路光电隔离数字量输入，NPN 输入形式，输入电流为10mA；其中有两路可作中断源，用来高速计数；8 路光电隔离数字量输出，集电极开路输出形式，最大输出电流为1A，输出频率可以达到20KHz。

可用于各种20 点数字量输入输出的控制系统，可控制气缸、电磁阀、继电器等；可用于替代20点以内的PLC用于各种控制场合（如各种机器控制），功能上比20点的PLC 加文本显示器更为强大、灵活。

2）电机运动控制扩展型：在基本型之上，多了1 路高速脉冲输出。

人机界面（HMI）产品常识一、人机界面（HMI）产品常识1、人机界面产品的定义连接可编程序控制器（PLC）、变频器、直流调速器、仪表等工业控制设备，利用显示屏显示，通过输入单元（如触摸屏、键盘、鼠标等）写入工作参数或输入操作命令，实现人与机器信息交互的数字设备,由硬件和软件两部分组成。

2、人机界面（HMI）产品的组成及工作原理人机界面产品由硬件和软件两部分组成，硬件部分包括处理器、显示单元、输入单元、通讯接口、数据存贮单元等，其中处理器的性能决定了HMI产品的性能高低，是HMI的核心单元。

根据HMI的产品等级不同，处理器可分别选用8位、16位、32位的处理器。

HMI 软件一般分为两部分，即运行于HMI硬件中的系统软件和运行于PC机Windows操作系统下的画面组态软件（如JB－HMI画面组态软件）。

使用者都必须先使用HMI的画面组态软件制作“工程文件”，再通过PC机和HMI 产品的串行通讯口，把编制好的“工程文件”下载到HMI的处理器中运行。

3、人机界面产品的基本功能及选型指标基本功能：设备工作状态显示，如指示灯、按钮、文字、图形、曲线等数据、文字输入操作，打印输出生产配方存储，设备生产数据记录简单的逻辑和数值运算可连接多种工业控制设备组网选型指标：显示屏尺寸及色彩，分辨率HMI的处理器速度性能输入方式：触摸屏或薄膜键盘画面存贮容量，注意厂商标注的容量单位是字节（byte）、还是位（bit）通讯口种类及数量，是否支持打印功能4、人机界面产品分类薄膜键输入的HMI，显示尺寸小于5.7ˊ，画面组态软件免费，属初级产品。

如POP－HMI 小型人机界面触摸屏输入的HMI，显示屏尺寸为5.7ˊ～12.1ˊ，画面组态软件免费，属中级产品基于平板PC计算机的、多种通讯口的、高性能HMI，显示尺寸大于10.4ˊ，画面组态软件收费，属高端产品5、人机界面的使用方法明确监控任务要求，选择适合的HMI产品在PC机上用画面组态软件编辑“工程文件”测试并保存已编辑好的“工程文件”PC机连接HMI硬件，下载“工程文件”到HMI中连接HMI和工业控制器（如PLC、仪表等），实现人机交互。

伺服控制器在人机界面中的应用人机界面（HMI）是指人与机器之间进行交互的界面，它通过图形化显示和操作方式将人员的意图传达给机器，从而控制机器的运行状态。

伺服控制器作为一种专门用于控制伺服电机的设备，也需要在人机界面中进行应用。

本文将探讨伺服控制器在人机界面中的应用，包括其原理、优势以及可能遇到的挑战。

首先，让我们了解一下伺服控制器的原理。

伺服控制器是一种实时控制器，用于控制伺服电机的位置、速度和加速度等运动参数。

它通过接收来自传感器的反馈信号，并根据设定的目标值计算输出信号来实现对伺服电机的控制。

在人机界面中的应用中，伺服控制器必须与人机界面软件进行通信，接收人员输入的指令，并将控制信号传输给伺服电机，从而实现对运动系统的精确控制。

在人机界面中应用伺服控制器有许多优势。

首先，伺服控制器能够实现对伺服电机的高精度控制。

它可以根据设定的目标值和反馈信号实时调整输出信号，从而实现位置、速度和加速度的精确控制。

这使得伺服控制器特别适用于要求精准定位和快速响应的应用，例如机床加工、自动化生产线等。

其次，伺服控制器具有简单易用的人机界面。

人机界面软件通常提供了直观的图形化界面，使得操作员可以轻松地设置运动参数、监控运动状态以及做出相应的调整。

这简化了操作流程，提高了工作效率，并降低了人员操作的难度。

另外，伺服控制器还具有良好的稳定性和可靠性。

它能够快速响应输入信号，并根据设定的控制算法进行运动控制，从而保证了运动系统的稳定性。

同时，伺服控制器还具备故障检测和诊断功能，能够实时监测运动状态并提供相应的故障信息，帮助操作员快速识别和解决问题。

然而，在将伺服控制器应用于人机界面中时，也可能面临一些挑战。

首先，伺服控制器的配置和调试可能较为复杂。

由于伺服控制器需要和人机界面软件进行通信，需要设置相应的通信接口和协议。

在配置和调试过程中，可能需要花费一定的时间和精力来确保系统正常运行。

其次，由于伺服控制器涉及到对运动系统的控制，必须要有必要的专业知识和技能。