Chinese Painting and Calligraphy

四六级翻译题（书法、水墨画、剧曲）Calligraphy and Painting书法calligraphy硬笔书法pen calligraphy表音成分phonetic component表形成分symbolic component汉字偏旁components of Chinese characters线条艺术the art of lines汉字书写（体）Chinese script汉字从图画和符号演变而来，中国书法艺术自然而然衍生于这一特殊的书写体系（绝大多数汉字由表音和表形成分构成），因此中国书法也被称作线条艺术。

Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from this special writing system (most Chinese characters consist of several phonetic and symbolic components), so Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines.尽管中国书法以汉字为表达工具，但要欣赏中国书法之美，不一定非要懂得汉语。

Although Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does not have to know the language to appreciate its beauty.书法的目的在于保持自然之美，突显人类精神之美。

Calligraphy’s purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty.受到青睐to find favor in汉学圈the circle of Chinese language learning汉学Sinology笔画stroke点、横、竖、撇、折、勾dot stroke, horizontal stroke, vertical stroke, curved stroke, angular stroke, hooked stroke部首，独立成字radical, standalone character篆书，隶书，草书，楷书，行书the seal form, the official form, the cursive form, the regular form, the running form像“字如其人”这样的中国古语与书法是直接相关的。

The regular form (楷书)
It is still today’s standard writing. It is square in form, and non-cursive in strokes. Size:

Larger Regular Form
( more than 5cm ) Smaller Regular Form (smaller than 2cm) Medium Regular Form (in-between)
Do you know any Chinese famous painters ?

Xu Beihong

Qi Baishi
How do you understand Chinese calligraphy?
Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines. Calligraphy’s purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty. It stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines. The Chinese saying “The handwriting reveals the person”, is directly related to calligraphy.

Xuan paper
Xuan paper is a special type of high quality paper produced in Xuancheng and Jing County of Anhui Province. Made in an 18-step process from the bark of the wingceltis (青檀) tree and rice straw, the paper is snow-white, soft, durable, absorbent (吸收性的) and moth-proof.

罗列要点(关键词)
Para.3:笔的发明、发展、材质、使用方 法、地位 was created by, it has been improved by many scholars and calligraphers, material , a stick or piece of bamboo, the hair of goat or wolf , be made of bamboo or ivory, write on thin silk, write on bamboo or paper, Play an important part in Chinese painting and calligraphy , have achieved such distinct features
The original pen was just a stick or piece of bamboo, which made writing on thin silk very slow. Its present form was created by Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom of Qin. He improved it by tying rabbit’s fur to the stick. After that, it has been improved by many scholars and calligraphers. Materials for the brush include the hair of goat or wolf , and the body can be made of bamboo or ivory. Without the writing brush, Chinese painting and calligraphy could not have achieved such distinct features.

《董文敏画稿册》高士奇跋文及印鉴研究（上）◇ 应非儿研究学术CHINESEPAINTING&CALLIGRAPHY明清书画合装册是一种常见的艺术类型，有时因创作内容及组织方式的不同，各本也呈现不同的气质。

但无论如何，相比于单个书画作品，册页集合了相当数量的画作、诗文题跋及收藏印鉴，常能够保留下更综合的信息，为我们探讨作品面貌、创作习惯、艺术交游、收藏意识等提供路径。

波士顿艺术博物馆（Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ）藏董其昌画、高士奇跋《董文敏画稿册》（文物号：39.35.1-26）是一套经高士奇收藏的董其昌画稿册页。

该册页未见于高士奇首次归乡写就的《江村销夏录》中，在高士奇手定、高氏后人传录的《江村书画目》〔1〕中也未见著录。

该册全部图版曾于1982年公布于铃木敬主持修编的《中国绘画总合图录》里，在1994年高居翰（James Cahill ）的《画家生涯》（HowArtists Lived and Worked in Traditional China ）中作为“写生与临摹旧范本”案例，曾被简单提及。

今年，上海博物馆将该册页借展至《丹青宝筏—董其昌书画艺术大展》中，册页原作的全部内容首次出现在中国观众的视野里。

这本《画稿册》包括了20页大小不同的董其昌山水树石画稿及18页高士奇跋文。

董其昌画稿上并未留下任何题跋及署名，但就风格水平而言，应该是董氏晚年的佳作精品，而通览画册中的跋文，根据留下的款题时间可知，高士奇的跋文集中于1697年至1701年，即高士奇晚年再次请辞回到平湖别业的时期，这也是他晚年从事书画鉴赏活动的又一高峰期。

此外，这套册页不仅保留了图文对应的诸多鉴赏意见和感悟随记，在印章方面，也囊括了高士奇30方自用印，整体数量接近目前所知高士奇印章数量的一半，并大多配合题跋及款识，具有明确的语境及使用时间。

因而，此册是观察高士奇晚年请辞归乡后艺术鉴赏活动的重要资料，也是探究其用印习惯和闲居时心境的可贵依据。