英汉翻译方法与技巧(课堂)
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初中英语汉译英句子翻译训练的几点做法汉译英句子翻译没有学生想象的那么难,是有规律可循的。
英汉两种语言在句子排列上是有一定区别的,汉语注重逻辑顺序而英语注重从属关系;汉语句子可以弱化主语,但英语中主语的地位十分突出。
下文是在笔者在进行汉译英句子翻译教学时的一些做法,旨在帮助学生培养英语思维习惯,提高英语书面表达能力和应试水平。
标签:初中英语汉译英翻译调整顺序初中学生在英语考试中最害怕书面表达,主要原因是不会用英语正确表达。
在阅卷时,经常看到许多学生用中文思维的方式写出了不符合英语逻辑的错误句子。
如果这些学生能留意英汉两种语言的差异,稍加修改,就是符合英语逻辑的正确句子了,得分自然而然就提高了。
其实汉译英句子翻译没有学生想象的那么难,是有规律可循的。
英汉两种语言在句子排列上是有一定区别的,汉语注重逻辑顺序而英语注重从属关系;汉语句子可以弱化主语,但英语中主语的地位十分突出。
下文是笔者在汉译英句子翻译教学时的一些做法,旨在帮助学生培养英语思维习惯,提高英语书面表达能力和应试水平。
一、如何翻译有多个定语修饰的名词短语学生在翻译只有一个形容词作定语的名词短语时,都觉得比较容易。
例1:一位高个子的男孩。
翻译为a tall boy;但面对两个或多个定语修饰的名词短语时,就容易出错。
例2:一位来自三班的高个子的男孩。
很多学生就可能受汉语思维方式的影响,直接按照顺序进行翻译,导致错误。
在实际教学中,第一步,笔者指导学生重新理解汉语意思,调整顺序为:一位高个子的男孩来自三班的,这样学生就很容易翻译为:a tall boy from Class Three.同时,笔者利用母语汉语的优势,指导学生注意区别“……的”,形容词;“……地”,副词,为句子的翻译打好基础。
需要特别提醒学生的是,汉语带“的”的形容词除非是一个单词,可以放在名词前作前置定语,否则就可能是介词短语放在名词后面作后置定语。
在a tall boy from Class Three这个例子中,tall一个单词,高个的,在名词boy前作前置定语;from Class Three,来自三班的,不再是一个单词,而是一个介词短语,需要放在名词boy后作后置定语。
第一章翻译的定义和翻译的原则一、翻译的定义1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.( Columbia Encyclopedia )2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida )3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来,以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明,特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
(孙致礼2003:6 )二、翻译的原则1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize ―faithfulness‖! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance.(译事三难,信,达,雅。
求其信已大难矣!顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉)①Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.----那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千无辜的平民②Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction.――作用力与反作用力大小相等,方向相反.③We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement.――我们都会想念他的,我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿.④For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.古往今来多少离合悲欢, 谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸!⑤Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation.――有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者慕读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之.2. Fu Lei (1908-1966)①From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the village. It was all beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.――从这里望下去,整个山谷一览无遗,只见那田野、河流、村庄,全都美不胜收,真叫我心驰神往.②He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market.――他经营生意,可是几乎血本无归.3.Qian Zhongshu①Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give ita soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair.卡普里岛是一块外形突兀的荒凉的岩石,沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里,但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑,使这个海岛增添了几分令人舒爽的温柔宁静的姿色,卡普里岛远离尘嚣,但景色宣人,生机盎然。
2.课堂部分教学内容:The most civilized of all these nations are they who inhabit Kent, which is entirely a maritime district, nor do they differ much from the Gallic customs. Most of the inland inhabitants do not sow corn, but live on milk and flesh, and are clad with skins. All the Britains, indeed, dye themselves with wood, which occasions a bluish color, and thereby have a more terrible appearance in fight. They wear their hair long, and have every part of their body shaved except their head and upper lip. Ten and even twelve have wives common to them, and particularly brothers among brothers, and parents among their children; but if there be any issue by these wives, they are reputed to be the children of those by whom respectively each was first espoused when a virgin.全不列颠中,最开化的居民是住在肯几姆地区的,这是一片完全滨海的地区。
他们的习俗与高卢人没有多大差别。