unit 4 Language that matters

Unit4Language LearningUnit overviewLanguage acquisition is one of the key issues for the study of language and it is closely related to the study of almost all aspects of language.How we acquire language seems to be a most straightforward question but actually no one can provide a definite answer to it.Exploring this question can help us better understand other issues about language.Text AIn Text A,Napoli provides two answers to the question in the title,“How do we acquire language?”.First,children acquire language step by step,gaining a certain skill in each step:recognizing the voices of their mother and other people, distinguishing the sounds of their mother tongue from other language,recognizing words,producing words,producing two-word phrases and producing sentences. However,it does not mean every individual child exactly follows this pattern.Second, language is acquired on the basis of Universal Grammar,which is exemplified by a variety of language acquisition phenomena:Children arrange words according to abstract innate linguistic principles;early utterances produced by small children have an innate structure;immigrants’children can distinguish grammatical and ungrammatical language us;while parents speak a pidgin language,children may develop a creole language,which has a coherent grammar;and children,especially twins,can develop a secret communication system conforming to UG.In conclusion, language acquisition is a natural process determined by the human biological and physiological make-up.Text BText B is focused on second language acquisition.The authors compare first language acquisition and second language acquisition.According to them,L2learners tend to have errors in pronunciation and grammar and usually cannot fully acquire the pronunciation and grammar of a second language.Though,they also share some features in common with L1learners in terms of work order.Then,the authors analyze the impact of L1on L2acquisition in terms of pronunciation,grammar and phonology.However,the difficulty in L2acquisition is caused by more factors than the interference of L1.In the end,the authors discuss the role of age in L2acquisition and challenges the Critical Period Hypothesis.The two articles focus on first language acquisition and second language acquisition respectively.After reading Text A,students can compare the differences between L1 and L2acquisition and discuss the impact of L1on L2acquisition.Teaching objectivesReading skills●Summarize the main idea of each paragraph●Identify topic sentences and key words●Identify supporting detailsCommunicative competence●Illustrate your points with appropriate examples●Use topic sentences and supporting sentences to organize your presentation/essay ●Use euphemisms for possibly impolite expressionsCritical thinking●Use different examples to support different aspects of an idea●Use observation and literature to collect first-hand and second-hand evidence●Critique a“popular”folk theory with exemplification and reasoning Intercultural competence●Be aware of the differences and similarities between English and Chineseeuphemisms●Compare the Chinese language and the English language in terms of L1and L2learning●Understand the effects of cultural differences on communication and languagelearningTeaching strategiesYou can arouse the students’interest in this topic by showing them the Nature vs. Nurture debate,which is controversial in not only language acquisition but also psychology,education,law and popular culture.There is no definite answer to this debate but every student may have his or her own answer.After learning this unit, they will get new evidence or examples to support their answer or they may simply change their view.For a detailed description of child language acquisition,you can refer to Chapter8in Towards an Understanding of Language and Linguistics(《语言学概论》)by Lan Chun.Other resources include:●A general introduction/language.html●Emphasis on nature vs.emphasis on experience/news/special_reports/linguistics/learn.jsp●Language acquisition nguage learning/inservices/language_acquisiti_vs_language_02033.phpPreparatory work(1)Language Matters:A Guide to Everyday Questions About LanguageThis activity aims to arouse students’interest in other everyday questions about language which they often take for granted.They can also learn to search for an academic monograph on the Internet.The twelve questions answered by the author in the book are:●Question1:How do we acquire language?●Question2:From one language to the next:Why is it hard to learn a secondlanguage?Why is translation so difficult?●Question3:Does language equal thought?●Question4:Are sign languages real languages?●Question5:Do animals have language?●Question6:Can computers learn language?●Question7:Whose speech is better?●Question8:Why do dialects and creoles differ from standard language?●Question9:Do men and women speak differently?And who cares?●Question10:English spelling is hard,and it makes learning to read hard.Shouldwe do anything about it?●Question11:Should the United States adopt English as our official language andoverhaul our educational system accordingly?●Question12:Does exposure to and use of offensive language harm children?The book can be found on ,which also provides the second edition of the book with15questions about language.(2)Small children learning languageThis activity provides an opportunity for students to reflect on their personal experiences of learning language and collect some real examples of language learning, which can be analyzed during the reading of Text A.Relevant cases can also be found on the Internet,for example:/s?__biz=MzA5MzUxNTQ3Nw==&mid=206097261&id x=1&sn=ff8cb7a4119c131e3773e9f7d58d2fa6#rd(3)Universal GrammarThis activity is of great importance for understanding the second part of Text A. Definition:Universal Grammar proposes that the ability to learn grammar andlanguage is hard-wired into the brain.It is shared by all human languages.Chomsky argued that the human brain contains a limited set of rules for organizing language. Key publications of Chomsky:●Syntactic Structures,London:Mouton,1957.●Current Issues in Linguistic Theory,The Hague:Mouton,1964.●Aspects of the Theory of Syntax,Cambridge:M.I.T.Press,1965.●Language and Mind,New York:Harcourt,Brace&World,1968.●Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar,The Hague:Mouton,1972.●The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory,New York:Plenum Press,1975.●Lectures on Government and Binding:The Pisa Lectures,Dordrecht,Holland:Foris Publications,1982.●Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding,Cambridge:M.I.T.Press,1982.●Language and Thought,Wakefield,RI:Moyer Bell,1993.●The Generative Enterprise Revisited:Discussions with Riny Huybregts,Henkvan Riemsdijk,Naoki Fukui,and Mihoko Zushi,with a new foreword by Noam Chomsky,Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2004.For more information about Chomsky,please refer to the following website: /index.htm(4)Types of languageThis activity provides background information necessary for understanding different kinds of language mentioned by Napoli in Text A.Motherese/baby talk(Paragraph7):It is a nonstandard form of speech used by adults in talking to toddlers and infants.It features high pitch and special vocabulary,e.g. doggy for dog(Para.10),daddy for dad(Para.10),kitty for cat and wawa for water.A feature of baby talk in Chinese is reduplication,e.g.喝水水and吃饭饭。

Unit 4 Language and Culture⏹Warm Up⏹Read the following humorous dialogues and try to translate them into Chinese.⏹Can they be rendered in Chinese as humorous as the original?⏹ 1. In a physics class⏹Professor: What is matter?⏹Student: Never mind.⏹Then what is mind?⏹It doesn’t matter.⏹ 2.⏹A: Why couldn’t Cinderella be a good soccer player?⏹B: She lost her shoe, she ran away from the ball, and her coach was a pumpkin.⏹More examples⏹ 1. ---Why time flies?⏹----Because somebody wants to kill it.⏹ 2. 7 days, without 7-Up, makes one weak (week).⏹ 3.Patient: Well, doctor, my nose runs and my feet smell.⏹Doctor: Hummm, that’s awkward. You’ve built upside-down.⏹More examples⏹ 5. English Learner: I’m sorry.⏹Foreigner: I’m sorry, too.⏹ E Learner: I’m sorry three.⏹Foreigner: But what are you sorry for?⏹ E Learner: I’m sorry five.6. Policeman: Your dog keeps chasing a man on a bicycle.Man: Nonsense, Officer. My dog can’t ride a bicycle.⏹More examples⏹What is the smallest bridge in the world?⏹What sentence is the longest in the world?⏹Which part of the clock is always old?⏹Why is Adam’s first day the longest?⏹What We Say Influences WhatWe Think, What We Feeland What We Believe⏹ 1.Relationship Between L&CWhen we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people. Take the word dog for example.From the above, we can infer that language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, world outlooks, etc. in a word, language expresses cultural reality.⏹Language is a part of culture. It is one of the features that distinguish man fromanimals. It is the key stone of culture.文化的冠石⏹Language is not a matter of neutral codes and grammatical rules. Each time we selectwords, form sentences, and send a message, either oral or written, we also make cultural choices. (see examples on p119)⏹Cultural Impacts⏹First, as a mirror of culture, language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture; itreflects the environment in which we live and cultural values.⏹For examples:⏹Language reflects the environments.1) The Eskimos have countless words for snow to distinguish among different types of snow. However, in Amazon area snow is not part of the environment, therefore, people in that region do not have a word for snow.2) Most Americans’ snow vocabul ary---snow, powder snow, sleet, slush, blizzard, and ice. p.1203) Germany---north part (beer), south part (wine) p.1204) There are more than four hundred words for camel in Arabic.5) Japanese ---fish6) Distinction between dew, fog and snow in English is not found in Koyas of India, one of the leading communities of Lakshadweep.A Koya distinguishes 7 different kinds of bamboo⏹Language reflects cultural values.1) Greek borrowing were mostly literary, technical and scientific words: drama, comedy, physics, lexicon, physics, criterion etc.2)The myth of “God” in Ancient Greek and Rome forms the important part of European culture (esp. in literature): Zeus, Apollo, Muse, Venus, Jupiter etc.3) Chinese：皇后、皇贵妃、妃、嫔、贵人等4) English：公爵（duke) 、伯爵(earl) 、子爵(viscount) 、男爵(baron)等。

Unit FourTask 1The Dawn of The Age of Artificial IntelligenceReasons to cheer the rise of the machinesErik Brynjolfsson & Andrew Mcafee【1】The advances we’ve seen in the past few years– cars that drive themselves, useful humanoid robots, speech recognition and synthesis systems, 3D printers, Jeopardy!-champion computers—are not the crowning achievements of the computer era. They’re the warm-up acts. As we move deeper into the second machine age we’ll see more and mo re such wonders, and they’ll become more and more impressive.【2】How can we be so sure? Because the exponential, digital, and recombinant powers of the second machine age have made it possible for humanity to create two ofthe most important one-time events in our history: the emergence of real, useful artificial intelligence (AI) and the connection of most of the people on the planet via a common digital network.【3】Either of these advances alone would fundamentally change our growth prospects. When combin ed, they’re more important than anything since the Industrial Revolution, which forever transformed how physical work was done.Thinking Machines, Available now【4】Digital machines have escaped their narrow confines and started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other domains that used to be exclusively human. We’ve recently seen great progress in natural language processing, machine learning (the ability of a computer to automatically refine its methods and improve its results as it gets more data), computer vision, simultaneous localization and mapping, and many other areas.【5】We’re going to see artificial intelligence do more and more, and as this happens costs will go down, outcomes will improve, and our lives will get better. Soon countless pieces of AI will be working on our behalf, often in the background. They’ll help us in areas ranging from trivial to substantive to life changing. Trivial uses of AI include recognizing our friends’ faces in photos and recommending products. More substantive ones include automatically driving cars on the road, guiding robots in warehouses, and better matching jobs and job seekers. But these remarkable advances pale against the life-changing potential of artificial intelligence.【6】To take just one recent example, innovators at the Israeli company OrCam have combined a small but powerful computer, digital sensors, and excellent algorithms to give key aspects of sight to the visually impaired (a population numbering more than twenty million in the United States alone). A user of the OrCam system, which was introduced in 2013, clips onto her glasses a combination of a tiny digital camera and speaker that works by conducting sound waves through the bones of the head. If she points her finger at a source of text such as a billboard, package of food, or newspaper article, the computer immediately analyzes the images the camera sends to it, then reads the text to her via the speaker.【7】Reading text ‘in the wild’– in a variety of fonts, sizes, surfaces, and lighting conditions—has historically been yet another area where humans outpaced even the most advanced hardware and software. OrCam and similar innovations show that this is no longer the case, and that here again technology is racing ahead. As it does, it willhelp millions of people lead fuller lives. The OrCam costs about $2,500 – the price of a good hearing aid – and is certain to become cheaper over time.【8】Digital technologies are also restoring hearing to the deaf via cochlear implants and will probably bring sight back to the fully blind; the FDA recently approved a first-generation retinal implant. AI’s benefits extend even to quadriplegics, since wheelchairs can now be controlled by thoughts. Considered objectively, these advances are something close to miracles –and they’re still in their infancy.Billions of Innovators, Coming Soon【9】In addition to powerful and useful AI, the other recent development that promises to further accelerate the second machine age is the digital interconnection of the planet’s people. There is no better resource for improving the world and bettering the state of humanity than the world’s humans– all 7.1 billion of us. Our good ideas and innovations will address the challenges that arise, improve the quality of our lives, allow us to live more lightly on the planet, and help us take better care of one another. It is a remarkable and unmistakable fact that, with the exception of climate change, virtually all environmental, social, and individual indicators of health have improved over time, even as human population has increased.【10】This improvement is not a lucky coincidence; it is cause and effect. Things have gotten better because there are more people, who in total have more good ideas that improve our overall lot. The economist Julian Simon was one of the first to make this optimistic argument, and he advanced it repeatedly and forcefully throughout his career. He wrote, “It is your mind that matters economically, as much or more than your mouth or hands. In the long run, the most important economic effect of population size and growth is the contribution of additional people to our stock of useful knowledge. And this contribution is large enough in the long run to overcome all the cos ts of population growth.”【11】We do have one quibble with Simon, however. He wrote that, “The main fuel to speed the world’s progress is our stock of knowledge, and the brake is our lack of imagination.” We agree about the fuel but disagree about the brake. The main impediment to progress has been that, until quite recently, a sizable portion of the world’s people had no effective way to access the world’s stock of knowledge or to add to it.【12】In the industrialized West we have long been accustomed to having libraries, telephones, and computers at our disposal, but these have been unimaginableluxuries to the people of the developing world. That situation is rapidly changing. In 2000, for example, there were approximately seven hundred million mobile phone subscriptions in the world, fewer than 30 percent of which were in developing countries.【13】By 2012 there were more than six billion subscriptions, over 75 percent of which were in the developing world. The World Bank estimates that three-quarters of the people on the planet now have access to a mobile phone, and that in some countries mobile telephony is more widespread than electricity or clean water.【14】The first mobile phones bought and sold in the developing world were capable of little more than voice calls and text messages, yet even these simple devices could make a significant difference. Between 1997 and 2001 the economist Robert Jensen studied a set of coastal villages in Kerala, India, where fishing was the main industry.10 Jensen gathered data both before and after mobile phone service was introduced, and the changes he documented are remarkable. Fish prices stabilized immediately after phones were introduced, and even though these prices dropped on average, fishermen’s profits actually increa sed because they were able to eliminate the waste that occurred when they took their fish to markets that already had enough supply for the day. The overall economic well-being of both buyers and sellers improved, and Jensen was able to tie these gains directly to the phones themselves.【15】Now, of course, even the most basic phones sold in the developing world are more powerful than the ones used by Kerala’s fisherman over a decade ago. And cheap mobile devices keep improving. Technology analysis firm IDC forecasts that smartphones will outsell feature phones in the near future, and will make up about two-thirds of all sales by 2017.【16】This shift is due to continued simultaneous performance improvements and cost declines in both mobile phone devices and networks, and it has an important consequence: it will bring billions of people into the community of potential knowledge creators, problem solvers, and innovators.‘Infinite Computing’ and Beyond【17】Today, people with connected smartphones or tablets anywhere in the world have access to many (if not most) of the same communication resources and information that we do while sitting in our offices at MIT. They can search the Web and browse Wikipedia. They can follow online courses, some of them taught by the best in the academic world. They can share their insights on blogs, Facebook, Twitter,and many other services, most of which are free. They can even conduct sophisticated data analyses using cloud resources such as Amazon Web Services and R, an open source application for statistics.13 In short, they can be full contributors in the work of innovation and knowledge creation, taking advantage of what Autodesk CEO Carl Bass calls “infinite computing.”【18】Until quite recently rapid communication, information acquisition, and knowledge sharing, especially over long distances, were essentially limited to the planet’s elite. Now they’re much more democratic and egalitarian, and getting more so all the time. The journalist A. J. Liebling famously remarked that, “Freedom of the press is limited to those who own one.” It is no exaggeration to say that billions of people will soon have a printing press, reference library, school, and computer all at their fingertips.【19】We believe that this development will boost h uman progress. We can’t predict exactly what new insights, products, and solutions will arrive in the coming years, but we are fully confident that they’ll be impressive. The second machine age will be characterized by countless instances of machine intelligence and billions of interconnected brains working together to better understand and improve our world. It will make mockery out of all that came before.Notes1.Erik Bynjolfsson: He is an American academic and Schussel Family Professor ofManagement at the MIT Sloan School of Management, the Director of the MIT Center for Digital Business and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, known for his contributions to the world of IT Productivity research and work on the economics of information more generally.2.Andrew Mcafee:He is the associate director of the Center for Digital Business atthe MIT Sloan School of Management, studying the ways information technology (IT) affects businesses and business as a whole. His research investigates how IT changes the way companies perform, organize themselves, and compete, and at a higher level, how computerization affects competition, society, the economy, and the workforce. He was previously a professor at Harvard Business School and a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society. He is the author of Enterprise 2.0, published in November 2009 by Harvard Business School Press, and co-author of Race Against the Machine with Erik Brynjolfsson. In 2014, thiswork was expanded into the book The Second Machine Age. He writes for publications including Harvard Business Review, The Economist, Forbes, The Wall St. Journal, and The New York Times. He speaks frequently to both academic and industry audiences, most notably at TED 2013 and on the The Charlie Rose Show.3.Julian Simon: 朱利安·西蒙，美国伊利诺斯大学的经济学和工商管理教授。

9A Unit4期末复习背诵讲义一、四会单词1. 时期,时代time2. 无论何时whenever3.以,凭借through4. 很多deal5. 得分score6. 领导者leader7. 命名name8. 大学university9. 仅仅,简直simply 10. 国家的national11. 成功succeed12. 尽管,虽然although 13. 迫使force 14. 逗留,保持不变remain 15. 记录record16. 成绩,成就achievement 17.要紧,有影响matter 18. 对抗,违反against 19. 记录record 20. 胜利victory21. 精神,灵魂spirit 22.德国(人)的German 23.想法,注意thought 24.勇气courage25.不寻常的unusual 26.惊奇,诧异surprise 27. 研究,调查research二、英文释义1. stand: a place where people stand or sit to watch sports.2. national: of a whole country3. succeed: achieve something that you have been trying to do.4. matter: be important5. scholarship: money given to somebody so that he or she can continue study6. university:college7. prove: use facts to show that something is true.8. remain: stay, keep9. victory: success in a game or a war, etc.10. thought: idea or sth that you think of or remember11. research:a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it.12. unusual: different from what is usual or normal.13. whenever: no matter when, every time.三、词形变化1. simple(adj.)--- simply(adv.)仅仅,简直2. national(n.) --- national(adj.)3. success(n.)--- succeed(v.) successful(adj.) successfully(adv.)4. achieve (v.)--- achievement(n.)5. think(v.) --- thought(cn.)6. courage (un.)--- encourage(v.)7. usual(adj.)--- unusual(反义词)---usually8. surprise(n./v.)--- surprised(adj 吃惊的) surprising(adj. 令人吃惊的)to one’s surprise让某人感到惊讶的是(un.)What a big surprise!真是个大惊喜!(cn) 9. die(v.)--- dead(adj.死的) dying(adj.垂死的)death (n.死亡)10. lead(v.)---led---led---leader(n.)11. German(德国人)---Germans---Germany(德国) 12. survive----survivor(幸存者)13. university- universities14. break-broke-broken15. try-tried-tried-trying16. catch-caught-caught17. wake-woke-woken18. graduate-graduation19. grow-grew-grown-growth三、重要短语、句子和语法1. on one's mind挂在心上;惦念change one's mind 改变某人的想法keep sth in mind记住make up one's mind to do sth 下定决心做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事mind one S/sb doing sth 介意某人做某事Don't let it weigh on your mind. 不要(把这件事)压在心上。

Unit 4要点诠释单词1.appoint vt.挑选某人做某工作，委任；约定讲：结构:appoint sb.任命某人appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人担任appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事例:The president appointed a new director.总经理任命了一位新主任。

We appointed him(as.to be)chairman.我们选他担任主席。

The teacher appointed me to call the roll.老师指派我点名。

The time appointed for the meeting was 10:30.规定的开会时间是10点30分。

链接·提示appointed adj. 指定的，约定的 at the appointed time在约定的时间；appointment n. 约定，约会 make an appointment with sb.to do sth. 和某人约定做某事;disappoint vt.使……失望;disappointment n.失望to ones disappointment令某人失望的事练：An American may feel angry when he has made a(an)________with someone and then finds a lot of other things happening at the same time.A.decisionB.conclusionC.appointmentD.date提示:本句话的意思为“美国人在和别人已经约定好的时候又发现同时还有其他事情会很生气〞，根据短语搭配和语境得出答案。

答案:C2.nowhere adv. 无处(相当于not anywhere)例:—Where are you going at the weekend?周末你打算去哪儿？—Nowhere special.无处可去。

Unit4 Sharing一．单词考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1.(be)dying to do sth.渴望(迫不及待地)做某事(=(be)thirsty to do sth.)eg:We are dying to get started.“渴望得到某物”的多种表达方式：be dying for=be eager to do sth.=be eager for sth.=be thirsty to do sth.=be thirsty for sth.=be anxious to do sth.=be anxious for sth.=long to do sth.=long for sth.=desire to do sth.=have a strong desire for sth. 2.day短语the other day“几天前，不久前的一天”一般过去时的标志。

one day“一天”过去或将来的标志some day“总有一天”将来时的标志。

to this day“直到今天”现在完成时的标志。

these days“如今，现今”现在时的标志。

3.relevant adj“有关的，切题的”搭配：be relevant to介与……有关(=have relevance to sb./sth.=be related to sb./sth.=be linked to sb./sth.=be associated to sb./sth.=be involved with sb./sth.=be connected with sb./sth.)4.adjust vt“适应”“校准，校正，调准”搭配：adjust to介=adjust oneself to介适应……eg:①The boy adjusted very quickly to the new environment.②I usually adjust my watch before I go to work in the morning.5.participate vi“参与，参加，分享”(—participation n“参与”)搭配：participate in参加participate with sb.in sth.同某人参与某事eg:She participated with her friends in the game.区别：participate,join,take part in,attend,join in⑴participate侧重指参加某一项活动，常与in搭配。

全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程第四册Unit4课后练习答案Unit 4Text AText rganization1.2.Main Events1.Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.2.Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not anaccident of birth.3.Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital,labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.4.Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnectedmarket-place in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3. 1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest carmaker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with hiswife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn ’t notice the car till too late wasunsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. C loning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A) 1. academics 3.a variety of 5. vanish 7. endorsing 9. sweeping aside 11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a balance2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2．Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links betweenChinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish. Part III Text BComprehension Check1. c2. a3. b4. b5. c6. dTranslation1.如果9/11 有什么引⼈注⽬的地⽅，那就是恐怖主义者们来⾃世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地⽅：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。

外研版中职国规英语教材基础模块第二册第四单元（常用版）(可以直接使用，可编辑完整版资料，欢迎下载）C.要求学生自己完成单词和图片的连线。

活动：让学生说出自己知道的非英语和汉语的其他语种的句子。

教师提问：Can you say anything inRussian/Japanese/ Korean/ …?2)回答问题：学生读问题并参与到小组问答。

活动：将学生分成四人的小组，让小组成员间做Warming up部分②中的两个问题的问答。

在小组活动完后，教师提问几名学生。

3)听录音后回答问题：A.解释并领读Warming up部分③中的单词和短语：make useof, aloud, foreign。

B.领读并解释Warming up部分③中的三句key sentences.C.根据学生情况播放Warmingup部分③中听力一或二遍。

D.检查提问听力答案。

做书上的连线题。

扩展环节：学生说出自己知道的其它语种中的语句。

小组成员间问答。

被提问的个别学生回答。

朗读并做笔记。

朗读并翻译三个句子。

听录音并做答三道小题。

加深记忆。

激发外语学习兴趣。

明确并交流自己在英语学习中存在的问题。

掌握单词。

学习关键句。

训练听力。

20’听说练习教师提问：Have you ever got any part-timejobs?And do you think that English isimportant when you are hunting ajob?First let’s watch a video about aninterview.活动：教师播放一个关于面试时询问能力的短片。

Pre-listening:学习Listening and Speaking部分①中的新单词：学生读出会的单词，教师纠正发音，重点讲授学回答教师提问。

观看一小段面试时关于能力方面的视频（着重是英语能力方面）。

朗读单词并做笔对将要学习的听说部分内容加以预测。

必修1 Unit4 Looking Good, Feeling GoodReading: Teen faints after skipping mealsSTONECHESTER—A teenage girl fainted yesterday at Stonechester High School after skipping meals.1.faint≈pass out≈lose consciousness2.skip meal不吃饭Jennifer Jones, told friends in her class that she was feeling unwell. She then passed out in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to hospital.3.unwell≈ill≈sick4.be rushed to立即做Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately. Her worried parents told the doctor that their daughter missed breakfast that day and hardly touched her dinner the night before. Fortunately, she is now out of danger. Her doctor says that she will in a day or two.5.out of danger脱离危险6.make a full recovery全面恢复Jennifer's classmates hope to see her back at school soon. They say that she has struggled with eating problems for a long time.”Jennifer thought that skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight,"her friend Laura Williams told our reporter. ”She has not eaten breakfast for the last few months. She told me she had trouble concentrating in class. I warned her that skipping meals was unhealthy,but she wouldn't listen."7.struggle with ≈fight against8.have trouble ( in) doing 做某事有困难9.warn≈advise≈cautionJennifer's case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes.In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.According to a recent survey of senior high school students’ lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine.Health experts are concerned about these figures. They are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly. They have also warned them against using such extreme methods.10.a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habit不健康饮食习惯风险的提醒11.extreme method极端的方法12.slim down瘦身13.over-exercise运动过度14.be concerned about关心15.weight-loss medicine减肥药16.figure≈digit≈number17.side effect副作用“These so-called 'quick-fix methods’ prove to be harmful to teenagers.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.However,for those who are dangerously overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly" said an expert.18.be harmful to≈do harm to19.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.青少年轻微超重是正常现象，没有必要焦虑。

Unit Four Exercise KeyStudent’s BookCommunication Skills*1. Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing information.（Key to the exercise can be found in Listening Script）*2. Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing words.（Key to the exercise can be found in Listening Script）*3. Listen to the conversation and complete the question in no more than three words.1) She is looking for a change machine.2) For the parking meter.3) In the post office across the street.4) She didn’t want to get a ticket.5) One dollar in quarters.*4. Listen to the conversation twice and choose the best answers.1) B 2) C 3) CListening Comprehension*1. Listen to the following questions and choose the best answer.1) C 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) A*2. Listen to the following conversations and choose the best answer.1) C 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) D*3. Listen to the following short passage and then fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.1) in the supermarket2) orange juice3) disappeared4) returned5) rolled6) laughing7) search for8) botherListen to the passage again and answer the questions.1) She went down one of the aisles to check the price of the orange juice.2) Because her mom argued for the five cents price difference. But when the clerk bent over tosearch for the five cent coin for her, she said, “Don't bother, it's only five cents.”*4. Listen to the following passage and decide whether the statements are true or false.1. F (A little boy entered a hotel coffee shop and sat at a table.)2. F (She put a glass of water in front of him.)3.T4. F (15 cents less.)5. F. (She was surprised at the tip the boy left for her.)Text A*2. Answering Questions1) From prison. (“Break” is anot her way of saying "chance" or "opportunity.")2) From an ex-convict (such as the author and many of his friends).3) Shining shoes, selling newspapers, delivering groceries, and doing odd jobs.4) He was a sailor; drove an Arctic dog team, and panned for gold in Alaska5) In 1919, when he was arrested in Denver for possessing narcotics.6) No one believed him.7) He wouldn’t let the fact that he was unjustly imprisoned embitter him, and he wanted to keephimself occupied.8) He was offered a job at the St. Paul Company by his cellmate.9) As soon as he was in a position to have a voice in employment matters.10) A few have earned executive jobs in the company. Others have remained loyal andhard-working factory workers for as long as 30 years.Language Focus*1. Words1)tend2)remain3)employees4)fulfilled5)rough6)arrest7)company8)someday9)position10)employment★2. Phrases1)pay the debt for2)was charged with3)commit crime4)have no voice in5)In time6)lead to7) get in touch with8) make up his mind.9)have anything to do with10) as soon as★3. Structure1) Upon arriving home,2) Upon my asking3) Upon registering for classes4) upon hearing the news.5) Upon waking up,6) Upon my asking for information★4. Word Formation1)unlock2)unusual3)unlikely4)unable5)unexpected6)unnecessary★5. Translation1)They company is still looking to hire a new general manager. They have not made up theirmind yet.2)We were so tired yesterday that as soon as we arrived at the inn, we went to bed.3)I will get in touch with the employment office right away.4)The employee said that he didn't have anything to do with the robbery.5)In time, most of us tend to grow wiser from life's experiences. Some don't.6)John’s parents fulfilled their promise to pay the debt for their son.Translate the following sentences into Chinese1)我工厂里最好的一位领班曾被八个州的警察通缉。

一、根据首字母填写单词(单词拼写)1. Exports in June rose 1.5%, i________ that the economy was stronger than many investors had realized. （根据首字母单词拼写）2. A_______of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. （根据首字母单词拼写）3. What d__________ children from adults is their strong ability to gain joy from what they are doing. (根据首字母单词拼写)二、根据汉语意思填写单词(单词拼写)4. I am looking forward to________ (探索) the island. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)5. The policeman made a contribution to ________ (调查) the affair. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)6. A growing number of customers have been___________ (询问)about the pending price rises. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）三、根据中英文提示填写单词(单词拼写)7. After q__________ (戒掉) smoking, my father became much healthier. (根据中英文提示填空)8. Learning to resolve c_______ (冲突)can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. (根据中英文单词拼写)四、完成句子9. 一方面我羡慕他的才华，另一方面我怀疑他的判断力。

课时素养评价十二Unit 4 Body Language Using LanguageⅠ. 根据所给语境或提示词填空1. Confucius started the private teaching of the wind, to become the world’s one of the greatest educators (教育家).2. Your job is to tick (标出)the names of those presents at the meeting.3. You can lean (倚, 靠) the wet umbrellas on the shelf.4. If something bad happens on a particular day, people have a tendency to associate that day with the negative event.5. The development of the sites will have implications (imply)for the surrounding countryside.6. He occupied himself with packing the luggage.7. How do you perceive (理解) the morality of career?8. The leader can perceive the people’s anxiety (渴望)for the war to end.9. This can make them nervous or embarrassed about speaking English in public.10. Trust is a vital component (成分, 部分) in any relationship.Ⅱ. 完成句子1. The purpose of having a small talk is to show the other person that you are willing to make a conversation.闲聊的目的是让其他人知道你很乐意交谈。

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课时素养评价十二Unit 4Using LanguageⅠ. 根据所给语境或提示词填空1. Confucius started the private teaching of the wind, to become the world’s one of the greatest educators (教育家).2. Your job is to tick (标出)the names of those presents at the meeting.3. You can lean (倚, 靠) the wet umbrellas on the shelf.4. If something bad happens on a particular day, people have a tendency to associate that day with the negative event.5. The development of the sites will have implications(imply)for the surrounding countryside.6. He occupied himself with packing the luggage.7. How do you perceive (理解) the morality of career?8. The leader can perceive the people’s anxiety (渴望)for the war to end.9. This can make them nervous or embarrassed about speaking English in public.10. Trust is a vital component (成分, 部分) in any relationship.Ⅱ. 完成句子1. The purpose of having a small talk is to show the other person that you are willing to make a conversation.闲聊的目的是让其他人知道你很乐意交谈。