1 被动语态
一、 考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
1. across, through 穿过
across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。
through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。
eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。
2. ill，sick―生病的‖。
ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.
sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed.
也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
若ill作定语，译为―坏的，恶劣的‖
eg: an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为―恶心的，想吐的―
eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
make room for给.....腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.
play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law.
speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.
say good bye to告别；告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them.
1 被动语态
一、 考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
1. across, through 穿过
across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。
through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。
eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。
2. ill，sick“生病的”。
ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.
sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed.
也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”
eg: an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“
eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
make room for给.....腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.
play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law.
speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.
say good bye to告别；告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them.
最新英语被动语态用法详解
一、单项选择被动语态
1．Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______
the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.”
A．could have been rewarded B．must have been rewarded
C．should be rewarded D．need have been rewarded
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：金庸去世了，至于他的成就，有这样的评论：他本能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。A. could have been rewarded本可以被授予；B. must have been rewarded一定被授予；C. should be rewarded应该被授予；D. need
have been rewarded本必要被授予。根据语境，A选项正确。
【点睛】
could have done可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能”，也可以表示对过去动作的推测，常可译为“可能（已经)”。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖，但却没有获得的惋惜。故A选项正确。
2．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown.
A．is held B．has been held
C．will be held D．had been held
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。一般来说，This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将来时。故选C。
高中英语被动语态总结
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
2） has /have been done 现在完成时
3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时
4） was/were done 一般过去时
5） had been done 过去完成时
6） was/were being done 过去进行时
7） shall/will be done 一般将来时
8） should/would be done 过去将来时
9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for
his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
