完整版高中非谓语动词讲解
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完好版高中非谓语动词解说 1 / 8
非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化 .
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作
此后
进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作
从前
动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作
从前
现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作
从前
不定式
一、 不定式的作用
1、 作主 不定式作主 , 用 数。经常用
it 作形式主 ,把不定式放在 后边。如: It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
注意:( 1)其他系 如 look, appear 等也可用于此句型。
( 2)当不定式作主 的句子中又有一个不定式作表 ,不能够用 It is ⋯ to⋯的句型。 比 : It is to negate my own idea to believe him. ( )
To believe him is to negate my own idea . ( ) ( 3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 构中, 当不定式的 主 和前面的形容 能够构成系表 构 ,
否 用 for.
2、 作
( 1) +不定式。如:
He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him. ( it 作形式 )
用
of,
注:以下 平时用不定式作 : want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get 等
( 2) +疑 +to , “特别疑 句 +不定式”相当于名 ,作 。如: 完好版高中非谓语动词解说 2 / 8
I don ’tknow what to do next/ how to do it next.
I can’tdecide when to go there.
注意:不定式短 作 ,若是 有 足 ,经常把不定式短 放在 足 此后,用作形式 。如: it
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 3、 作 足
( 1) + +不定式( to do )。如:
He warned me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so? (不 to 的不定式)
注:能够用 不定式做 的 有: ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help,
wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage
( 2) 表 解、看法的 构可 : ++ to be 的不定式 构。如:
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful. (被 ) (3) There +不定式。如: We didn ’texpect there to be so many people there.我 没想到会有那么多人在那处。
注意:( 1)有些 需用 as 短 作 ,像 regard, think, believe, take, consider 。如:
( 2)在 feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三 ),notice, see, watch, observe,
look at(五看)
必 to。如:
(即:吾看三室两 一感
)等后边的 足 中,不定式不
to,但 被 后,
They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(3)help 后边作 足 的不定式能够 to,也能够不 to.
I often help him ( to) clean the room.
I helped him (to) find his things. 4、 作定
不定式作定 ,修 名 或代 ,不定式和它所修 的名 之 有 上的主 关系、 状关系、同位关系或 关系。不定式平时要放在 些被修 的 后。如:
I have a lot of work to do. ( 关系)
He is looking for a room to live in. ( 状关系)
He is the first person to think of the idea. (主 关系) He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)
注意: 1.不定式的 主 是句子的主 ,不定式用主 形式表被 。如:
Do you have anything else to say?
2.若是作定 的不定式是一个短 , 要保留不定 短 中的副 或介 。如: I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) ( 我需要素来 笔写字 )
I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) ( 我有一个 儿要照看
) 作状 ,表示目的、 果、原因等,有 有一些固定搭配的不定式短 , 如 in order to , so as to, so⋯ as to, such ⋯ as
to, ⋯ .enough to, too ⋯to 等。
( 1) 做目的状 , to, only to ( 了) , in order to, so as to, so(such)⋯ .as to⋯ (这样···以便···)如:
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他 快地跑以便追上第一班 。
He came to the school to see his son.
( 2) 作 果状 ,表早先没有 想到的,要放在句子后边。如:
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. 完好版高中非谓语动词解说 3 / 8
He searched the room only to find nothing.
( 3) 做原因状 。如:
We were very excited to hear the news. I ’m glad to see you.
( 4) 做条件状 。如:
To turn to the left , you could find a post office.
5、 作表
不定式可放在 be 后边,构成表 。如:
The question is how to put it into practice.
My question is when to leave. His dream is to be a doctor.
Her work is to look after the babies.
注意: 1.不定式在句中作表 , 的 用 数。
2.当助于是不定式 ,表 不能够用 Ving 形式,可用不定式。
如: To see is to believe. (眼 )
6、 独立 构。如: To tell you the truth, I don ’tagree with you.
To make matters worse, it began to rain. 二、 不定式的 和
1、 不定式的 ( 1) 在 :有 与 表示的 作同 生,有 生在 的 作此后。如:
He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.
( 2) 完成 :表示的 作 生在 表示的 作从前。如:
I ’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold. ( 3) 行 :表示 作正在 行,与 表示的 作同 生。如:
He seems to be eating something.
( 4) 完成 行 :表示 作从 去某个 开始,素来延 到 在,并有可能持 下去。如:
She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.
2、 不定式的 当不定式的 主 是其 作的承受者 ,就用被 式。如:
He was seen to enter the hall.
He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 三、 省 to 的 不定式
1、 情 (除 ought 外, ought to ) 2、 Would rather, had better.
3、 感官 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作 ,省略 to.