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直接引语向间接引语的转换

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宾语从句

一.宾语从句的分类:

1.that 引导的宾语从句。当宾语从句表示的是陈述意义时，用that 引导。that在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He knew that he should study hard..

2.whether,if 引导的宾语从句。当宾语从句表示“是否”时用whether或if引导，一般情况下可以互换。他们在句中不作成分，但有疑问意义。从句须用陈述句语序。如：I asked

if/whether they would win.

3.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句。特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时要在从句中作一定的成分，如主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等，表示疑问意义。连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,which等，连接副词主要有when,where,why,how等。此类宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：I don’t know

what he wants. Could you tell me which class you are in?

二.宾语从句的语序

当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，变成宾语从句后，疑问词仍然是原来的疑问词，只是语序变成了陈述句语序。但当连接词既是引导词又是从句中的主语时，特殊疑问句的语序不变。如：I want to know who can answer this question.

三. 宾语从句的时态

1.当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时时，宾语从句中的时态不受影响，可根据实际情况使用任何时态。如：I know that he will leave China tomorrow.

2.当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时时，宾语从句须使用相应的过去的某个时态。但当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍然在继续时，从句中动词的时态不受主句的谓语动词时态的限制，而要根据实际情况使用相应的时态。如:He said he is twenty.

3.宾语从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象等时，无论主句为何种时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.

疑难点一:否定转移

当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess ,suppose等，主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时时，宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句的动词。此类句子的附加问句部分与宾语从句一致，用肯定形式。如：I don’t believe he is a student, is he?

疑难点二: if 和 whether在宾语从句中的区别

1. 介词之后的宾语从句的引导词用whether不用if。如：Everything depends on whether we

have enough money.

2. whether 后可与or not 直接连用，但if 不能。如果是whether…or not,也可以说if…or

not,但习惯上还是用whether.如：I don’t care whether/if the work will take long or not.

Tell me whether or not I should invite Nick and his wife.

3. 少数动词如leave, put, discuss后的宾语从句常用whether 引导。如：They are discussing whether they should put up a notice.

疑难点三:形容词的宾语从句

一些形容词之后所接的从句也是宾语从句，常见的这类形容词有sure ,certain, glad , pleased,

happy, afraid, surprised, sorry等。如：I’m glad that you’ve helped me a lot.

疑难点四:需要it代替的宾语从句

动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置.如：She thought it a pity that I missed the chance.

疑难点五:宾语从句中that 不能省略的情况

1. 从句的主语为that/this或this/that作从句主语的定语时。如：He says that that is a very

interesting novel.

2. 从句前有插入语时。如：It says, on the card, that it is made in China.

3. 主语谓语动词带有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他的不能省略。如：I believe that you have done your best and that things will get better.

4. it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置时。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water

every day.

5. 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。如:He told me that he would put some signs on the

envelope.

6. 介词except, but等后接的宾语从句不能省略that.如：His article is very good except that

there are only a few unfit sentences.

直接引语与间接引语

1.句式的变化:（1）直接引语是陈述句时，变成间接引语要用that引导宾语从句，that可以省略。当直接引语主句的谓语动词为say to时，在间接引语中要变为tell。

（2）直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语要用if或whether引导宾语从句，当直接引语主句的谓语动词为say时，在间接引语中要变为ask。

（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变成间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句。

（4）直接引语是祈使句时，变成间接引语时要改为不定式短语，在句中充当宾语补足语。主句中动词为say，间接引语中按照语气分别用ask sb / tell sb / order sb…(not) to do sth.

2.时态的变化：与宾语从句中时态的变化一致。注意：当直接引语中有情态动词can，may，must，变成间接引语时要用could，might，had to。

3.人称的变化：变为间接引语时，直接引语中的人称代词要根据语境进行变化。A.直接引语的主语是第一人称时，间接引语的主语与主句的主语保持一致。B.直接引语的主语是第二人称时，间接引语中的主语与主句的 宾语保持一致 C.直接引语的主语是第三人称时，间接引语的主语人称一般不变。

4.其他部分的变化 地点状语：

时间状语：

指示代词：

动词：

练习：

一.把下列句子改为间接引语。

1. “Where are you going to spend your holiday?” Tony asked me.

2. Mary said to them, “I want some coffee.”

3. “I’m reading this book, ”said Helen.

4. The old man said, “I’ll plant these flowers in the garden tomorrow.”

5. “Don’t take off your coat,” she said to her sister.

6. Mother said to me, “Will you stay at home or play with your classmate?”

7. He said to John, “When are you starting?”

8. He asked us, “Do you know John?”

9. I asked the Chinese teacher, “Is there going to be a soccer game this weekend?”

10. They said, “We prefer jazz to rock music.”

二.把下列句子改为直接引语。

1. They told me he was li lei’s father.

2. I said that I couldn’t speak English well.

3. The doctor asked him if he was feeling better that day.

4. The teacher asked her why he had so many strange questions.

5. He asked me what day that day was.

6. They told her to sit down and keep quiet.

7. She says she is sure to win next time.

8. I told him that we could get a lot of information on the Internet.

9. They said he had something important to say.

10. The doctor told her she had to drink more water.

一.单选题

1. Do you know _____ last night?

----Sorry, I don’t know. But I think he should go to bed early because he will have an English

exam this afternoon.

A. when he goes to bed B. when he went to bed

C. when did he go to bed D. when does he go to bed

2. I’m not interested in _____ or not.

A. whether they believe in me B .if they believe in me

C. if do they believe in me D. whether will they believe in me

3. My parents told me______.

A.it was never too late to learn B. if it is never too late to learn

合集下载

直接引语变间接引语习题

直接引语变间接引语习题

直接引语变间接引语专练.

一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：

1. “I am having supper，” he said.

He said that _______ _______ having supper.

2. “I„ve seen the film，” Gina said to me.

Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.

3. “I went home with my sister，” she said.

She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.

4. The teacher said， “The sun is bigger than the moon.”

The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.

5. “I met her yesterday，” he said to me.

He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.

6. “You must come here before five，” he said.

He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.

7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago，” she said.

She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.

8. “Did you read the book last week？” he said.

直接引语间接引语

直接引语间接引语

直接引语和间接引语

【重难点分析】

直接引语和间接引语

（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

例如：

Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework now.”

→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework then.

（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。

1.陈述句的间接引语

陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。

“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。

→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。

She said to me, “You can’t settle anything now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法解决任何事情。”

→She told me that I couldn’t settle anything then. 她对我说那时侯我无法解决任何事。

2. 疑问句的间接引语

直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire

(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if 引导。

如：

“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked.

直接引语变间接引语语法

直接引语变间接引语语法

直接引语和间接引语

引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。

一、 直接引语变间接引语

A． 陈述句的间接引语

直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。

The foreigner said to me, ‘I like Beijing very much.’那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。

→ The foreigner told me that he liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。

She said, ‘We are very fond of sports.’ 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。

→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。

‘I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,’ he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。

→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略）

B． 疑问句的间接引语

1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句

一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。

My teacher asked me, ‘Do you like American country music?’ 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？

直接引语变间接引语的转换

直接引语变间接引语的转换

直接引语变间接引语的转换：

〔一〕如何变人称：

口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

“一随主〞是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：

She said. “My brother wants to go with me. 〞→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二随宾〞是指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：

He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?〞→ He asked Kate how her sister was then.

“第三人称不更新〞是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：

Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.〞→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.

〔二〕时态的变化

① 如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。

He says, “I have been writing a novel.〞------- He says that he has been writing a novel.

He says:"that's all right."----- He says that's all right.

② 如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：

直接引语时态 间接引语时态

一般现在时 一般过去时