2023届高考英语最新热点时文阅读：研究垃圾食品正在改变你的“脑回路”(含练习题)

How much you exercise may impact your flu andpneumonia risk, study shows研究：有氧运动和肌肉训练可降低死于流感和肺炎的风险英文新闻：How much you exercise may impact your flu and pneumonia risk, studyshowsIt’s time to add to your list of reasons to work out: Getting active could help prevent risk of death from the flu and pneumonia, according to new research.Adults should get at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic physical activity and two or more days of moderate muscle strengthening activities a week, according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans issued by the US Department of Health and Human Services.The study relied on the survey data of more than 570,000 people from the US National Health Interview Survey between 1998 and 2018. People were asked about their physical activity habits, and they were categorized into groups based on how well they met the recommended amount of exercise, according to the study.Getting 10 to 149 minutes a week of aerobic physical activity was associated with a 21% decreased risk of flu and pneumonia death, the study showed.重点词汇1. aerobic英 [eəˈrəʊbɪk] 美[eˈroʊbɪk]adj. 有氧（健身）的2. categorized英[ˈkætəɡəraɪzd] 美[ˈkætəɡəraɪzd]v. 分类中文新闻：研究：有氧运动和肌肉训练可降低死于流感和肺炎的风险去健身的理由又多了一个。

Drinking tea may protect heart for longer life研究表明，每天至少喝两杯茶能保护心脏并帮助你活得更久Tea drinkers who consume more than two cups a day are likely to live longer than those who don’t drink any, a new study suggests. The findings, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, concluded that the positive effects appear unaffected by whether the tea is taken black, with milk, with sugar, the temperature it’s drunk, or by genetic variants influencing the rate at which people metabolize caffeine.一项新的研究表明，每天喝两杯以上茶的人可能比不喝茶的人活得更久。

发表在《内科学年鉴》（Annals of Internal Medicine）上的研究结果认为，这种积极影响似乎不受红茶、牛奶、糖、饮用温度或是影响人们代谢咖啡因速度的遗传变异的影响。

Researchers from the National Institutes of Health used data from UK Biobank, which saw 85% of the half a million men and women, aged 40 to 69, report that they regularly drink tea. Of those, 89% said they drank black tea. The study was conducted with a questionnaire answered from 2006 to 2010, and followed up over more than a decade. It found that compared with those who do not drink tea, the regular consumption of black tea (the most widely consumed tea in Europe) was associated with amodest reduction of between 9% and 13% in mortality over 10 years in a middle-aged, mostly white, adult general population, especially in terms of cardiovascular disease.来自美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的研究人员使用了英国生物银行的数据，在50万名40岁至69岁的男性和女性中，有85%的人经常喝茶，在这之中有89%的人说他们喝红茶。

Bananas and salmon help counter effect of salt inwomen’s diet, study finds研究发现：女性多吃香蕉、三文鱼，有助降低高盐饮食负面影响Eating foods such as bananas, avocados and salmon could help reduce the negative effects of salt in women’s diet, research suggests. The study found that potassium-rich diets were associated with lower blood pressure, particularly in women with high salt intake. Researchers say their findings indicate the mineral helps preserve heart health, and that women benefit more than men. Study author Professor Liffert V ogt of Amsterdam University Medical Centers, in the Netherlands, said: “It is well known that high salt consumption is associated with elevated blood pressure and a raised risk of heart attacks and strokes. “Health advice has focused on limiting salt intake, but this is difficult to achieve when our diets include processed foods. In our study, dietary potassium was linked with the greatest health gains in women.” The study included 11,267 men and 13,696 women, which recruited adults aged 40 to 79 from general practices in Norfolk, UK, between 1993 and 1997. Foods high in potassium include vegetables, fruit, nuts, beans, dairy products and fish.研究表明，摄入香蕉、牛油果和三文鱼等食物有助于降低女性摄入盐的负面影响。

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读•环境保护01（2022J可北•高三阶段练习）Coca-Cola announced on Wednesday （hat it will begin transitioning （转变）from green to clear plastic on Aug. I to increase the matcriaPs likelihood of being remade into new beverage （饮料）bottles. The beverage giant is committed to making 100% of its packaging recyclable by 2025 and using at least 50% recycled material in its packaging by 2030.Sprite, an important brand of Coca-Cola, currently uses plastic bottles containg a green additive called Polyethylene Tclcphthalatc （PET）. These bottles arc commonly changed into single-use items like clothing and carpeting that can't be recycled into new PET bottles.“Taking colors out of bottles improves the quality of the recycled material,n said Julian Ochoa, CEO of R3CYCLE, which is working with Coca-Cola to improve bottle-to-bottle recycling. u When recycled, clear PET Sprite bottles can be remade into bottles, helping drive a circular economy for plastic.MSprite, the popular lemon-flavored soft drink, which first hit shelves in 1961, is also getting a new logo 解释说。

Microbes could be to blame for gaining weight atChristmas每逢佳节胖三斤？可能是你肠道的微生物太高效了Researchers have studied how much energy Danish people take from their food, based on analysis of their feces and the microbes within. They found roughly 40 percent of the participants have microbes that on average extract more energy from food compared to the other 60 percent. The new study, published in the journal Microbiome, was led by experts at the University of Copenhagen's Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports.“Bacteria's metabolism of food provides extra energy in the form of short-chain fatty acids —molecules our body can use as energy-supplying fuel,” said Professor Roager. “But if we consume more than we burn, the extra energy provided by the intestinal bacteria may increase the risk of obesity over time.”Although the scientists only used a small sample of Danish participants, it's possible the findings could be applied to other global populations. Overall, the results indicate that being overweight might not just be related to how healthily one eats or the amount of exercise one gets, but it may also have something to do with the microbes in our gut.新的研究发现，约40%参与者肠胃中的微生物会从食物中提取更多的能量，从而导致发胖。

Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student Success 晚间睡眠对学生来说，很重要！A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students' end-of-semester grade point average (GPA).Using Fitbit sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes accumulate when students received less than six hours of sleep a night. The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."A popular belief among college students is that one should value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep," said Creswell. "Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs from reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There's real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep."一支由多机构组成的研究团队首次评估了学期初晚间睡眠时间对大学新生期末平均绩点的影响。

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学新知01（2022·广西·南宁三中模拟预测）Scientists in the Netherlands have trained bees to identify COVID-19 through their sense of smell, according to a press release from Wageningen University. The research was conducted on more than 150 bees in Wageningen University’s bio-veterinary research laboratory.The scientists trained the bees by giving them a treat — a sugar-water solution — every time they were exposed to the scent of a mink (貂) infected with COVID-19. Each time the bees were exposed to a non-infected sample, they wouldn’t get a reward. Eventually, the bees could identify an infected sample within a few seconds — and would then stick out their tongues like clockwork to collect the sugar water.Bees aren’t the first animals to detect COVID-19 by scent. Researchers have also trained dogs to distinguish between positive and negative COVID-19 samples from human saliva (唾液) or sweat with fairly high levels of accuracy. A small German study found that dogs could identify positive COVID-19 samples 94% of the time. That’s because metabolic changes from the coronavirus make an infected person’s bodily fluids smell slightly different from those of a non-infected person. But researchers still aren’t sure whether animals are the best bet for sniffing out COVID-19 cases outside the lab.“No one is saying they can replace a PCR machine, but they could be very promising,” Holger V olk, a neurologist, told Nature. PCR machines are what lab technicians use to process standard COVID-19 swab tests. At the very least, certain animals could be useful for identifying COVID-19 in places or countries in which high-tech laboratory equipment is scarce or inaccessible.Wageningen scientists are working on a prototype of a machine that could automatically train multiple bees at once. Then bees can use their skills to test for coronavirus aerosols (气溶胶) in the surrounding environment.1．How did the researchers teach the bees to identify COVID-19?A．By offering bees some rewards.B．By infecting bees with COVID-19.C．By raising bees with sugar water.D．By exposing bees to infected humans.2．Why are dogs capable of finding out negative COVID-19 samples?A．For dogs can sniff out hidden virus of the samples.B．For dogs can tell the different smell of the samples.C．For dogs can feel metabolre changes of the samples.D．For dogs can distinguish saliva from sweat of the samples.3．What is the follow-up task of Wageningen scientists?A．To breed more multiple bees.B．To detect coronavirus aerosols.C．To help underdeveloped countries.D．To develop a new type of machine.4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．A New Way to Cure COVID-19 DiseaseB．Bees: Well-trained COVID-19 DetectorsC．Bees’ Extremely Accurate Sense of SmellD．The Best Method of Identifying COVID-1902（2022·广西北海·高三阶段练习）Dogs are born to socialise with people because we raise them that way. Two-month-old dogs can already recognise when people are pointing at objects and will stare at our faces when they’re spoken to—both signs that dogs have an innate capacity to interact with us through body language.“Although individual relationships with people might influence that behaviour, at least 40percent of this ability comes from genetics alone, “says Emily Bray at the University of Arizona. “Over the course of keeping dogs, there has been a clear selection for these social skills,” she says. “It’s something that’s deep in them and that comes out at a really young age even before they have much experience with humans.”Bray and her colleagues tested these types of skills in 375 eight-week-old dogs that were chosen tobecome service dogs. Bray says, “It was the earliest age when the dogs could carryout such experiments because they were only just old enough to be motivated by food rewards.”The researchers found that pointing at food hidden under a cup helped the dogs to find it nearly 70 percent of the time. The success rate was high from the start, meaning they weren’t learning to follow pointing, but had already known to do so. In a control test, the randomly selected dogs couldn’t find food hidden under one of the two cups at a higher rate, indicating that they weren’t simply smelling it. Much of the variation in different dogs’ abilities to follow finger-pointing is explained by genetics. Using statistical analyses based on the dogs’ parents and other relatives, the researchers found that genetic factors were responsible for much of these variations.The team also ran another experiment in which the researchers spoke “baby talk” to the dogs and found that the dogs fixed their eyes on the person for more than 6 seconds on aver-age, representing an understanding that the researchers were communicating with them.5．What does the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Weak.B．Natural.C．Secret.D．Complete.6．What’s the future mission of the 375 eight-week-old dogs?A．To serve humans.B．To take part in tests.C．To entertain researchers.D．To learn human body language.7．What mainly influenced the dogs’ success rate in finding the hidden food?A．Food smell.B．Their genes.C．Their habits.D．Professional training.8．How do dogs react to “baby talk”?A．Randomly.B．Confusedly.C．Sensitively.D．Absentmindedly.03（2022·广东深圳·高三阶段练习）The first time that I met a blind scientist. I worked in a program for disabled students interested in pursuing STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths) research. Until that point, it had never occurred to me how blind students were prevented from receiving science education. My daily experience in classrooms consisted of professors drawing and writing on the board with the assumption that students in the class could see. But what about those students who cannot see or suffer fromvision problems?A recent paper from Baylor University, led by Katelyn Baumer and Bryan Shaw, was inspired by exactly this problem.They designed a study to assess whether people could learn to recognize 3D models, like those often used to teach science, with their mouths instead of with their eyes.A 202l paper in Nature found that primates(灵长类动物)showed the same brain circuit activation(激活)when grasping objects with their hands and when moving an object with their tongues.This indicates that there may be underlying similarities of physical manipulations(操纵)of the hand and the mouth.Baumer and Shaw found that there was comparable touch recognition with hands to mouth manipulation recognition when using these models. 365 college students and 31 primary school students participated in the study. The participants were blindfolded and then divided into two groups, one assigned to manipulate objects by hand, and one to manipulate the objects with only their mouths. Each participant was given a single model protein to study. They then were asked to identify whether each of a set of eight other protein models matched the original they were given.The research team saw that both age groups of students were able to successfully distinguish between models. Moreover, the accuracy of recalling the structures was higher in people who only assessed the models through mouth manipulation.Although this study did not involve blind or low-vision students, it sets the basis for expanding into them next. It may offer a way to have science become more accessible, which is the ultimate goal. 9．Who will most probably benefit from Baumer and Shaw’s study?A．Professors.B．College students.C．Primary school students.D．Blind and low-vision students.10．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A．Explain a concept to readers.B．Provide supporting information.C．Summarize the previous paragraphs.D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.11．What method is used in the study?A．Making comparisons.B．Doing surveys.C．Conducting interviews.D．Reviewing papers.12．What is the text mainly about?A．A recent paper about STEM education.B．A protein model used in science teaching.C．A potential way for disabled students to learn science.D．An academic program for blind scientists to do research.04（2022·江西·高三阶段练习）Music can really affect your well-being, learning, quality of life, and even happiness. The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose to listen to it while doing their homework. But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want to improve their learning? A new study suggests that for some students, listening to music is a wise strategy, but for others, it isn’t. The effect of music on cognitive (认知的) function appears to depend partly on your personality—specifically, on your need for external stimulation (刺激).Researchers not only assessed listeners’ personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and the complexity of the music. Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for external stimulation. Then, they engaged in an easy cognitive task (searching for the letter A in lists of words) and a more challenging one (remembering word pairs) in order. Participants finished both tasks under one of two sound conditions:(1)no music, (2)with music.The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation, on the simple task of finding A’s, the scores for the music condition were significantly worse than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, their performance was worse whenever music was played. For those with a low need of external stimulation, however, on the simple task, such participants’ scores for the music condition were much better than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.According to the study, there are individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function. Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulation should be cautious of adding music to the mix. On the other hand, students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence of music.With the right personality, the right music and the right task, the presence of music may significantly improve cognitive functioning. Given the benefits of music, subscription to Spotify will be rewarding! 13．What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2?A．It only involved the participants’ response to music.B．Participants completed two tasks when composing songs.C．The difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.D．Participants were grouped by their need for external stimulation.14．What can we infer from the result of the research?A．The complexity of tasks might reduce the benefit of music.B．Students should listen to music when performing complex tasks.C．Students with less external stimulation perform badly with music.D．The presence of music benefits students who seek for external stimulation.15．What might the underlined word “Spotify” be?A．A travel guide.B．A psychology journal.C．A music platform.D．A personality test.16．What could be the best title for the article?A．Why is music essential in your study?B．Is music beneficial to your personality?C．How can music affect your external stimulation?D．Does music promote your cognitive performance?05（2022·山东·高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Post-95 boy cooks door-to-door as part-time job “懒人经济”市场火爆95后小伙周末兼职上门做饭英文新闻：Post-95 boy cooks door-to-door as part-time jobA 2022 consumption survey by domestic consulting firm Zhimeng showed that nearly 80 percent of an undisclosed number of respondents born after 1995 said that they used smart appliances for household tasks, while 75 percent of them relied on services to save time on cooking and cleaning. Such a demand has created a niche market dubbed the "lazy economy".Recently, a video of a post-95 designer in Shanghai door-to-door cooking part-time on weekends has sparked concern among netizens. Data by Meituan showed that searches for "door-to-door cooking" rose by 533 percent over Oct to Dec in 2022. Door-to-door cooking is akin to hiring a chef at home who offers clients anything from festive dishes to daily meals, with users claiming that it costs between 66 yuan and 88 yuan for up to four dishes. Most part-time chefs are young or middle-aged.Many young people are outsourcing the decluttering of their homes to professionals. Compared with traditional housekeeping and cleaning services, organizing services bring a customized solution, albeit at a higher price.中文新闻：“懒人经济”市场火爆95后小伙周末兼职上门做饭2022年知萌咨询发布的《2022中国消费趋势报告》显示，近80%的95后受访对象表示他们曾用过智能家居产品，节省做饭或打扫卫生时间的服务成为75%受访对象的“心头爱”。

Some UK households face ‘heat or eat’ dilemma,scholar says英国学者：一些英国人正面临“取暖还是吃饭的抉择”Facing the combined effects of sub-zero temperatures and increasing prices, some families across the United Kingdom (UK) have to juggle their incomes between staying warm or buying food, a Glasgow Caledonian University research fellow said. Simply put, their choice is between heat or eat. Many in the country had already been in a rather tight financial position before the cold weather set in, Dr. Keith Baker said.格拉斯哥卡利多尼安大学的一位研究人员表示，面对寒冷天气和物价上涨，英国各地的一些家庭不得不平衡取暖和购买食物的开支。

简单地说，他们被迫在取暖和吃饭之间取舍。

基思·贝克博士表示，在寒冬到来之前，许多英国人的财务状况已经相当紧张。

Last week was a particularly cold one across the UK, with snow, ice and fog warnings in several places. Dec. 12 was the coldest day in the UK since December 2010, the Met Office said. As a scholar, Baker has worked with groups seeking to help people faced with the dual problem of a cost-of-living crisis and high energybills. “People really are on the line between just and only just about surviving, an d being pushed into really quite deplorable situations.”上周，冷空气席卷英国，多地发布大雪、结冰和大雾天气警报。

话题：垃圾分类距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附靠前30天复习方法。

【1】Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for manyChinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai’s footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing consciousness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China’s garbage sorting program will contribute not only tothe nation’s sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.1．What is the most probable reason for classifying waste？A．No site for burying waste.B．People’s habit.C．Economic cost.D．Environmental pollution.2．What is the purpose of the program？A．To practise waste classification.B．To protect environment.C．To save oil for farming.D．To reduce the quantity of waste. 3．What can be a suitable title for the text？A．A program adopted across ChinaB．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules C．Doing the best with waste D．Protecting environment is necessary【2】A new law came into use in Shanghai on Monday, requiring every individual, families and companies to sort（分类）their trash into different trash cans. Locals are now required to separate trash into four kinds: food waste, residual waste, harmful waste and recyclable waste. According to the new law, a 200-yuan fine can be given to individuals or families who do not follow it.4．On the first day of practice of the rules, it was found that 38. 1 percent of hotels and 33.2 percent of companies didn't meet the requirements.5．. The success in residential（居民的）neighborhoods was a result of early practice in pilot（试点的）neighborhoods around the city, which had caused mixed feelings among the public since June.6．Some people praised Shanghai for being a role model and taking active steps to solve the trash problem in big cities, while others complained about the inconvenience the rule has brought to their daily lives, and made jokes about sorting their garbage.The final goal of the trash sorting program is to reduce waste and increase recycling. Shanghai's24 million residents produce 56,000 tons of trash every day.7．Actually, Shanghai is not fighting alone in the battle against trash disposal,as trash sorting has been popular nationwide.8．Those cities will set up a basic system to classify and dispose of their house old garbage by 2020, and by 2050, cities at the prefecture level（地级）and above should have the system in place.A．Only 7.4 percent of the residential neighborhoods needed to be corrected. B．Sales of trash cans on Taobao also increased before the regulation took effect. C．On Sina Weibo, the topic of trash sorting has caused a heated discussion. D．People in different cities have different attitudes towards sorting their trash.E. Most of the trash, ends up being buried, which wastes precious land and can pollute water and soil if not solved properly.F. The country plans to have 46 major Chinese cities to join in it, including Beijing and Guangzhou.G. And for companies, the fine can hit 5,000 to 50,000 yuan.参考答案1．D2．A3．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。

Cognitive decline linked toultra-processed food研究：认知能力下降与超加工食品有关Too many daily calories from highly processed foods like lunch meats, frozen dinners and packaged cookies may speed up cognitive decline, a new study suggests. In the study, researchers examined the diets and cognitive function test results of more than 8,000 adults in Brazil. At the start of the study, participants consumed an average of about 2,850 calories a day. About 28 percent of their daily calories came from highly processed foods.一项新的研究表明，每天从午餐肉、冷冻晚餐和包装饼干等高度加工食品摄入过多卡路里，可能会加速认知能力下降。

在这项研究中，研究人员调查了巴西8000多名成年人的饮食和认知功能测试结果。

在研究开始时，参与者平均每天摄入约2850卡路里的热量。

他们每天有约28％的热量来自高度加工食物。

After about nine years of follow-up, cognitive test scores for memory and executive function declined most for participants who ate the most highly processed foods. Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings, emulsifiers and other cosmetic additives,”according to the study.经过约9年追踪随访，吃加工食品最多的参与者，其记忆力和执行功能的认知测试分数下降幅度最大。

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学技术01（河北省示范性高中2022-2023学年高三9月调研考试英语试题）Housing ranks high among the numerous challenges that still need to be overcome before humans can colonize(征服) Mars. The brave pioneers that make the six-month voyage to the Red Planet will need a place to live in as soon as they land. While the best solution would be to have the structures ready before they get there, it has so far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory. Now, there may be a bit of hope thanks to Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s newly revealed Digital Construction Platform (DCP).The DCP comprises a double arm system that is fitted on a tracked vehicle. As the larger arm moves, the smaller, precision motor robotic arm builds the structure by shooting out the necessary construction material, ranging from insulation foam(绝缘泡沫) to concrete. The team of researchers led by Ph. D．Steven Keating say that unlike other 3-D printers that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure, DCP’s free moving systems can be used to construct structures of any size.The team recently demonstrated the DCP’s building skills on an empty field in Mountain View, CA．The robot began by creating a mold with expanding foam that hardens when dry. It then constructed the building, layer by layer, using sensors to raise itself higher as it progressed. The final product was a sturdy “home” that had 50-foot diameter walls and a 12-foot high roof with room for essentials like electricity wires and water pipes to be inserted inside. Even more impressive? It took a mere 14 hours to “print”!The researchers’ next plan is to make the DCP smart enough to analyze the environment where the structure is going to be built and determine the material densities best suited for the area. However, that’s noteven the best part. Future DCP models are going to be solar-powered, autonomous, and, most importantly, capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings. This means the robot can be sent to remote, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even to Mars, to build shelters using whatever material is available.1．What do we learn from the first paragraph?A．Housing pioneers on Mars is a reality.B．Colonizing Mars is out of the question.C．Building structures on Mars is in the testing phases.D．Finding a liveable place on Mars is a top priority.2．How does the DCP differ from other 3-D printers?A．It consumes less time.B．It comes in more different sizes.C．It is more environmentally friendly.D．It can build more diverse structures.3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?A．The successful case of the DCP.B．The working principle of the DCP.C．The instructions of using the DCP.D．The limitation of the DCP’s function.4．What might be the biggest highlight of future DCP ?A．Being powered by solar.B．Building shelters anywhere.C．Collecting building materials on site.D．Analyzing building material densities.02（2022·河南·洛宁县第一高级中学高三开学考试）Climate science has been rapidly advancing in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.In the 1820s, French scientist Joseph Fourier theorized that Earth must have some way of keeping heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist Eunice Newton Foote put thermometers(温度计)in glass bottles and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the bottles, Foote compared dry air, wet air, N2, O2 and CO, and found that the bottle containing humid air warmed upmore and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it was followed by the bottle containing CO2. In 1859, Irish scientist John Tyndall began measuring how much heat different gases in the atmosphere absorb. And in 1896, Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius concluded that more CO2in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up: These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of climate science.The first critical breakthrough happened in 1967 when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the air movement vertically over Earth.They built a model which first included all the main physical processes related to climate changes. The predictions and the explanations based on their model still hold true in the real world almost half a century later.The model was improved in the 1980s by Klaus Hasselmann who connected short-term weather patterns with long-term climate changes. Hasselmann found that even random weather data could yield insight into broader patterns.“ The greatest uncertainty in the model remains what human beings will do. Figuring it out is 1,000 times harder than understanding the physics behind climate changes,” Manabe said.“ There are many things we can do to prevent climate change. The whole question is whether people will realize that something which will happen in20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”So, it’s up to us to solve the problem that these pioneers helped the world understand.5．What does the word “humid” underlined in paragraph 2 mean?A．Cool.B．Cold.C．Dry.D．Wet.6．What is Klaus Hasselmann’s contribution to climate science?A．He found that CO2 causes global warming.B．He invented a unique measuring instrument.C．He improved Manabe and Wetherald’s model.D．He built a reliable model on climate change.7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A．The biggest problem with the climate model.B．The necessity for human beings to take action now.C．The challenge of understanding climate change.D．Measures to be taken to prevent climate change.8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Negative Effects of the Global WarmingB．Historic Breakthroughs in Climate ScienceC．Main Causes Leading to Climate ChangeD．Difficulties of Preventing Climate Change03（2022·河北邯郸·高三开学考试）To effectively interact with humans in crowded social settings, such as malls, hospitals, and other public spaces, robots should be able to actively participate in both group and one-to-one interactions. Most existing robots, however, have been found to perform much better when communicating with individual users than with groups of conversing humans. Hooman Hedayati and Daniel Szafir, two researchers at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have recently developed a new data-driven technique that could improve how robots communicate with groups of humans.One of the reasons why many robots occasionally misbehave while participating in a group conversation is that their actions heavily rely on data collected by their sensors. Sensors, however, are prone (易于遭受) to errors, and can sometimes be disturbed by sudden movements and obstacles in the robot’s surroundings.“If the robot’s camera is masked by an obstacle for a second, the robot might not see that person, and as a result, it ignores the user,” Hedayati explained. “Based on my experience, users find these misbehaviors disturbing. The key goal of our recent project was to help robots detect and predict the position of an undetected person within the conversational group.”The technique developed by Hedayati and Szafir was trained on a series of existing datasets. By analyzing the positions of other speakers in a group, it can accurately predict the position of an undetected user.In the future, the new approach could help to enhance the conversational abilities of both existing and newly developed robots. This might in turn make them easier to serve in large public spaces, including malls, hospitals, and other public places. “The next step for us will be to improve the gaze behavior of robots in a conversational group. People find robots with a better gaze behavior more intelligent. We want to improve the gaze behavior of robots and make the human-robot conversational group more enjoyable for humans.” Hedayati said.9．What is the technique developed by Hedayati and Szafir based on?A．Data.B．Cameras.C．Existing robots.D．Social settings.10．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A．The working procedure of robots.B．The ability of robots to communicate.C．The experience of the researchers.D．The shortcomings of existing robots.11．What will happen if a robot’s camera is blocked?A．It will stop working.B．It will break down.C．It will abuse its user.D．It will misbehave.12．What do we know about the new data-driven technique?A．It is considered a failure.B．It has been used in malls.C．It gets satisfactory result.D．It only works with new robots.04（2021·浙江湖州·高三阶段练习）Researchers say they have used brain waves of a paralyzed man who cannot speak to produce words from his thoughts onto a computer. A team led by Dr. Edward Chang at the University of California, San Francisco, carried out the experiment.“Most of us take for granted how easily we communicate through speech,” Chang told The Associated Press. “It’s exciting to think we’re at the very beginning of a new chapter, a new field to ease the difficulties of patients who lost that ability.” The researchers admit that such communication methods for paralysis victims will require years of additional research. But, they say the new study marks an important step forward.Today, paralysis victims who cannot speak or write have very limited ways of communicating. For example, a victim can use a pointer attached to a hat that lets him move his head to touch words or letters on a screen. Other devices can pick up a person’s eye movements. But such methods are slow and a very limited replacement for speech.Using brain signals to work around disabilities is currently a hot field of study. Chang’s team built their experiment on earlier work. The process uses brain waves that normally control the voice system. The researchers implanted electrodes on the surface of the man’s brain, over the area that controls speech. A computer observed the patterns when he attempted to say common words such as “water” or “good.” Overtime, the computer became able to differentiate between 50 words that could form more than 1,000 sentences. Repeatedly given questions such as “How are you today?” or “Are you thirsty,” the device enabled the man to answer “I am very good” or “No, I am not thirsty.” The words were not voiced, but were turned into text on the computer.In an opinion article published with the study, Harvard brain doctors Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash called the work a “pioneering study.” The two doctors said the technology might one day help people with injuries, strokes or diseases like Lou Gehrig’s. People with such diseases have brains that “prepare messages for delivery, but those messages are trapped,” they wrote.13．How is the new method different from the current ones?A．It involves a patient’s brain waves.B．It can pick up a patient’s eye movements.C．It is a very limited replacement for speech.D．It can help a patient regain his speech ability.14．What does the underlined word “differentiate” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Organize.B．Learn.C．Distinguish.D．Speak.15．What was Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash’s attitude towards the study?A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Doubtful.D．Critical.16．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Researchers Found Good Methods to Help Paralyzed PatientsB．Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Help Him CommunicateC．Years of Additional Work Needed to Improve the Communication MethodsD．Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Cure His Speaking Disability05（2022·安徽·高三开学考试）When people think of farming today, they usually picture a tractor (拖拉机) rather than horses in the farmland. That’s because tractors that relied on engines revolutionized farming in the late 1800s. Now a new type of tractor can do the same in the 21st century.Agriculture has been changing dramatically in the last few decades. The push for innovation is fed by the need to produce larger amounts of food for a growing world population. Autonomous tractors may be the key to solving this challenge. They can be used to carry out labor-intensive farming while allowing farmersto do other work. A big plus is that it can increase crop output while reducing costs because the autonomous machines can work in all weather conditions without any rest.Part of push for automation is a shortage of farm workers due to people’s desire to have higher paying jobs with better work conditions. Farm owners are competing against companies like Amazon and restaurants that are raising wages to attract workers. “With labor shortages and the increase in the hourly wages that have to be paid in order to be competitive, all of a sudden automation seems like a more reasonable decision,” said David Swartz, a professor at Penn State University.Many believe the time is ripe for an autonomous revolution because robotics is already in use in agriculture. One company that is working to bring autonomous tractors into main stream farming is Blue and White Robotics, an Israeli agricultural technology company, whose mission is to make a fully autonomous farm. The company released an autonomous tractor kit in February 2021 that can be fixed on any existing tractor. The kit includes camera detection, speed controls, as well as an anti-crash system. Blue and White’s kit is being used by West Coast growers in the US. It may soon come to a farm near you.17．What contributes to the agricultural revolution according to Paragraph 2?A．The urge to feed more people.B．The extreme weather conditions.C．The need to reduce farming cost.D．The desire for automatic farming.18．What is Swartz’s attitude to automation?A．Critical.B．Negative.C．Supportive.D．Indifferent.19．What can be inferred about Blue and White’s kit?A．It has been widely used.B．It can be made in many firms.C．It can improve safety of tractors.D．It will detect the way of farming.20．What may be a suitable title for the text?A．Automation Is Transforming Agriculture B．Big Companies Are Making A Difference C．Driverless Tractors Are Worth Investing D．Traditional Farming Is Falling out of Date参考答案：1．C2．D3．A4．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

Sprite quits green plastic bottles in North America 雪碧宣布放弃绿瓶改为透明瓶装以减少污染Starting Aug 1, Coca-Cola Co., which produces Sprite, will package the lemon-lime drink in clear plastic bottles in North America, the company announced Wednesday. Sprite's current plastic contains green polyethylene terephthalate (PET), an additive that can't be recycled into new bottles, a key initiative for the company as it looks to reduce plastic waste.The beverage giant has often been criticized for contributing to environmentally damaging plastic waste. In 2020, the company was named the world's No 1 plastic polluter by the environment firm Break Free From Plastic.可口可乐公司表示，自8月1日起，雪碧将把北美地区绿色瓶包装改为透明塑料包装。

可口可乐公司表示，目前的瓶子含有无法循环利用的绿色聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET），而从瓶子中去除颜色可以提高回收材料的质量。

这家饮料巨头经常因制造破坏环境的塑料垃圾而受到批评。

2020年，可口可乐公司被环保公司Break Free From plastic评为全球第一大塑料污染企业。

700 pounds of acorns found stuffed by woodpeckers inside walls of California home 啄木鸟在民宅墙内私藏650斤坚果A pest control company in California pulled 700 pounds of acorns from the walls of a home during a pest inspection. The exterminator later discovered that a pair of woodpeckers had stored acorns in this house for several years, and now the fruits of the birds' labor have been removed.Often woodpeckers store acorns on the outside of homes, sometimes in rain gutters, but rarely do they get them inside. In this case, Castro discovered the birds dropped their treasures through a hole in the chimney and entered the attic through a separate hole to feast on their stash.Paul Bannick, who has written two books about woodpeckers, said the acorn woodpecker, a species common on the West Coast, often amasses thousands of the nuts for winter. Acorn woodpeckers can drill small holes in almost anything — trees, birdhouses, cabins, houses — to hoard food, he said.近日，美国加州一灭虫公司在一处民宅进行检查时，意外地从房屋墙内挖出约650斤橡子。

最新高考英语阅读理解试题(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back—by eating healthier.The pull of junk food can be super-strong. It's designed to tasty; which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.Professor Christopher Bryan says, "Food companies want you to want junk food." They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to^ promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food.Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit-looking pop stars and smiling, active teens. "We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them," Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when you're older.After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.（1）Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1?A. To express his doubts about junk food.B. To promote the idea of healthy eating.C. To describe the situation of junk food.D. To introduce the topic for discussion.（2）What remains a great health challenge to doctors?A. Making people do more exercise.B. Making people eat healthily.C. Making people lose weight.D. Making people prefer junk food.（3）What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?A. What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.B. What influences junk food can have on consumers.C. How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.D. Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.（4）Which of the following words can best describe Bryan's lessons?A. Shocking.B. Popular.C. Effective.D. Abstract.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。