英语六级听力历年真题原文完整版
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翻译在最终Conversation OneM: Guess what? The worst food I've ever had was in France.W.Really.That'.odd..though.th.Frenc.wer.al.goo.cooks.M.Yes.That'.right..suppos.it'.reall.lik.anywher.else.though.Yo.kno w.som.place.ar.good.Som.bad.Bu.it'.reall.al.ou.ow.fault.W: What do you mean?M.Well.i.wa.th.firs.tim.I'.bee.t.France.Thi.wa.year.ag.whe..wa.a.sc hool..wen.ther.wit.m.parents.friends.fro.m.father'.school.They'.hire..c oac.t.tak.the.t.Switzerland.W: A school trip?M.Right.Mos.o.the.ha.neve.bee.abroa.before.We'.crosse.th.Englis. Channe.a.night.an.w.se.of.throug.France.an.breakfas.tim.arrived.an.t h.coac.drive.ha.arrange.fo.u.t.sto.a.thi.littl.café.Ther.w.al.were.tire.an.hungry.an.the.w.mad.th.grea.discovery.W: What was that?M: Bacon and eggs.W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast.M.Yes.Anyway.w.didn'.kno.an.better.s.w.ha.it.an.ugh...!W: What was it like? Disgusting?M.Oh.i.wa.incredible.The.jus.go..bow.an.pu.som.fa.i.it.An.the.the.pu.som.baco.i.th.fat.brok.a.eg.ove.th.to.an.pu.th.whol.lo.i.th.ove.fo.a bou.te.minutes.W.I.th.oven.You'r.joking.Yo.can'.coo.baco.an.egg.i.th.oven!M.Well.The.mus.hav.don.i.tha.way.I.wa.hot.bu.i.wasn'.cooked.The r.wa.jus.thi.eg.floatin.abou.i.gallon.o.fa.an.ra.bacon.W: Did you actually eat it?M.No.Nobod.did.The.al.wante.t.tur.roun.an.g.home.Yo.know.bac.t. teabag.an.fis.an.chips.Yo.can'.blam.the.really.Anyway.th.nex.nigh.w. wer.al.give.anothe.foreig.speciality.W: What was that?M.Snails.Tha.reall.finishe.the.off.Lovel.holida.tha.was!Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questio.1.Wha.di.th.woma.thin.o.th.French?Questio.2.Wh.di.th.ma.trave.wit.o.hi.firs.tri.t.Switzerland?Questio.3.Wha.doe.th.ma.sa.abou.th.breakfas.a.th.littl.Frenc.café?Questio.4.Wha.di.th.ma.thin.o.hi.holida.i.France?Conversation TwoM.Yo.sa.you.sho.ha.bee.doin.well.Coul.yo.giv.m.som.ide.o.wha.“doin.well.mean.i.fact.an.figures?W.Well.“doin.well.mean.averagin.£1,lio.pounds.An.“s.year.w.di.slightl.ove.50,00.an.thi.y ear.w.hop.t.d.mor.tha.60,000.So.that'.goo.i.w.continu.t.rise.M.Now.that'.gros.earnings..assume.Wha.abou.you.expenses?W.Yes.that'.gross.Th.expenses.o.course.g.u.steadily.An.sinc.we'v.move.t.t hi.ne.shop.th.expense.hav.increase.greatly.becaus.it'..muc.bigge.shop.S..coul dn'.sa.exactl.wha.ou.expense.are.The.ar.somethin.i.th.regio.o.si.o.seve.thous merciall.speaking.it'.fairl.low.an.w.tr.t.kee. ou.expense.a.lo.a.w.can.M.An.you.price.ar.muc.lowe.tha.th.sam.good.i.shop.roun.about.Ho.d.th.lo ca.shopkeeper.fee.abou.havin..sho.doin.s.wel.i.thei.midst?W.Perhap..lo.o.the.don'.realiz.ho.wel.w.ar.doing.becaus.w.don'.mak..poin. o.publicizing.Tha.wa..lesso.w.learne.ver.earl.on.W.wer.ver.friendl.wit.al.loca.sh opkeeper.an.w.happene.t.mentio.t..loca.shopkeepe.ho.muc.w.ha.mad.tha.wee k.H.wa.ver.unhapp.an.neve.a.friendl.again.S.w.mak..poin.o.neve.publicizin.th. amoun.o.mone.w.make.Bu.w.ar.o.ver.goo.term.wit.al.th.shops.Non.o.the.hav. plaine.tha.w.ar.puttin.the.ou.o.busines.o.anythin.lik.that..thin.it'..nic.f riendl.relationship.Mayb.i.the.di.kno.wha.w.made.perhap.the.wouldn'.b.s.frien dly.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questio.5.Wha.ar.th.speaker.mainl.talkin.about?Questio.6.Wha.doe.th.woma.sa.he.sho.trie.t.do?Questio.7.Wha.d.w.lear.abou.th.good.sol.a.th.woman'.shop?Questio.8.Wh.doesn'.th.woma.wan.t.mak.know.thei.earning.anymore?Passage OneBirds are famous for carrying things around.Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages.Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.Canadian scientists have found a worrisome, new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around.Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 10,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle.The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.When they return home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds.Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea.The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island.In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds.The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they're out on the ocean.People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say.The birds don't mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questio.9.Wha.hav.Canadia.scientist.foun.abou.som.seabirds?Questio.10.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.th.seabird.calle.fulmars?Questio.11.Wha.di.scientist.previousl.notic.abou.pollutant.i.th.Arctic?Questio.12.Wha.doe.th.speake.war.abou.a.th.en.o.th.talk?Passage TwoIn recent years, the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older— has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2023 to 2023.The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing.In 2023, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimer's disease.But by 2023, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer's which affects the mind and cognitive function.In other words, it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do.On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2023 to 4.1 percent in 2023.That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up.In 2023, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2023.But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing— 18,434 centenarians died in 2023, whereas 25,914 died in 2023.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questio.13.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.th.ris.o.dyin.fo.America.centenari an.i.recen.years?Questio.14.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.Alzheimer'.disease?Questio.15.Wha.i.characteristi.o.peopl.wh.liv.u.t.10.year.an.beyond?Recording OneOkay.S.let'.ge.started.And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition.I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years.And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment.And these are relatively straightforward.He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding.Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else.Okay.That'rmatio.tha.i sn'.share.wit.othe.people.The second element is passion.Passion is the drive that leads to romance.You can think of it as physical attraction.And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time.Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship.So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory you have love.Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three.What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three?What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully.So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.16.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.mos.o.th.experiment.mentione.i.h i.talk?Questio.17.Wha.doe.Rober.Sternber.argu.abou.love?Questio.18.Wha.questio.doe.th.speake.thin.i.interestin.abou.Sternberg'.th re.element.o.love?Recording TwoHi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work.I am a social worker, a lobbyist, and a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers.Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker.Social work is the helping profession.Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet thebasic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty.We often deal with complex human needs.Social work is different from other professions, because we focus on the person and environment.We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook.And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention, to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality when necessary.In thousands of ways social workers help other people, people from every age, every background, across the country.Wherever needed, social workers come to help.The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net.We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions.There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor's degree, a master's degree, or a PhD in Social Work.There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses combined.Throughout this series you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work, and the many ways that social workers help others.Later in this series, you will hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers.Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker, and Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility he social workers must adhere to.The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country.Our mission is to promote, protect, and advance the social work profession.We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker.Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.19.Wha.doe.th.speake.mainl.tal.about?Questio.20.Wha.d.socia.worker.mainl.do?mon.accordin.t.th.speaker?Questio.22.Wha.i.Me.Wilso.goin.t.tal.abou.i.th.series?Recording ThreeToday, I'd like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits, but at the same time, promote junk food.Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's “Let's Move!”campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and has signed on singer Beyoncéand basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.Now there's a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity— especially a professional athlete— can be in influencing children's behavior.In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts.The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children.After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involved sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories made up most ofthe food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder.Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children's eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children's environment.Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV, radio, in print and online.And in 2023, the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing.We can't expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar.At best, kids might be confused.At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water, but those two beverages aren't the same.If children are turning to athletes as role models, it's in their best interest if their idols are consistent.Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestylesfor kids to follow.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.23.Wha.i.th.ai.o.Michell.Obama'.campaign?Questio.24.Wha.doe.researc.fin.abou.advertisement.featurin.professiona. athletes?Questio.25.Wha.doe.th.speake.thin.kids.idol.shoul.do?对话一男: 你猜怎么着?我吃过旳最难吃旳食物是在法国吃旳。
完整版-2022年12月英语六级考试听力真题原文听力长对话真题原文Conversation1A:How's your dissertation going?I'm proofreading my first draft. And we'll submit it to my professor tomorrow.B:Oh,[Q1]I haven't even started writing mine yet.So I'm really worried dpout finishing by the end of next semester.A:You mean you haven't even begun yours yet?The final draft is due in five months.B:Of course[Q1]I've startedit,but I can't get to the writing yet,as I haven't found enough res migis to use.So I'm still researching the topic.A:Maybe the problem is the way you're doing your research.[Q2]I started by talking to my professor about where to look for information. And based on that,I found books in the library and a lot of reputable journal articles on the internet.B:I've tried all that,but don't have enough to write the dissertation. As my department's minimum length is70pages.I think the problem is that my topic isn't viable.And honestly,[Q3]my professor did warn me at the beginning,that I might not be able to find enough material.But I was so interested in the topicthat I didn't let his advice deter me.A:Well,I suggest you find a new topic.After all,our professors are here to guide us so it's best to listen to them.B:In retrospect,[Q3]IwishIhad listened to him,but I didn't.And now I don't want to give up my topic,as I've already invested so much time and energy.A:If you're committed to your current topic,maybe you could make some adjustments rather than abandoning it completely.What is your topic?B:It's depictions of femininity in folklore from the south of the country.A:That's pretty narrow.You.cgalg Find more material if you made the topic broader maybe by including other kinds of depictions.B:[Q4]Broadening the topic is a great idea.I'l start by including folklore from other regions of the country.Question1What does the woman say about her dissertation?Question2What does the man say about his professor?Question3What does the woman say about her professor?Question4What do we learn the woman will do to complete her dissertition?听力长对话真题原文Conversation2W:Today on Book Talk,we're lucky enough to host John Robbins and discuss his new book,why Americans are fat and how we can lose weight.John isn't just a respected writer,he's also one of the rare celebrity authors writing about science today.(Question5)M:Thanks for having me,Rebecca,but I'm hardly a celebrityW∶That's very modest of you to say,considering that your four books have sold a total of7million copies worldwide.And they've been translated into12different languages.What makes people so fascinated with your work?M:Well,people read my books because more than60%of Americans areoverweight or obese,and other countries are facing similar problems Basically,we all want to know how to fix things.(Question6)W:We certainly do.I read your new book,and it's fabulous, especially when it comes to the way you make diffigult science easy for laymen to understand.That's no small achievement.M:I'm glad to hear you find my work accessible.Because I was worried when I wrote it,that discussing the science might make the book more suited for a specialist audience.My last book was written primarily for the medical community.(Question7)But this time,I want to help ordinary people take control of their weightW:And how do you suggest they do that?Can you give us the basics of your advice for people who want to lose weight?M:Briefly,I argue that every person needs to consider their metabolism,and eat what suits their body's needs.I don't advocate one single diet.(Question8)Some people should eat more carbohydrates than others.And different people need different amounts of protein fat.W:But you do have some recommendations for everyone,including eating10servings of vegetables and three of fruit a day.Welltalk about those recommendations next,but now we need to take a short break for a message from our sponsor.Question5:What does the woman say about the man in her introduction?Question6:What has motivated the man to write his books?。
2023年6月英语六级听力真题(第一套)【四六级试卷采用花卷形式,核对答案时请找准具体选项内容,忽略套数和选项符号】Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It was spacious and tranquil.B) It was warm and comfortable.C) It was shabby and solitary.D) It was tiny and noisy.2. A) She no longer hates people talking loudly in the dorm.B) She misses her roommates she used to complain about.C) She begins to enjoy the movies she once found irritating.D) She finds the crowded dorm as cozy as her new apartment.3. A) He found the apartment perfectly furnished.B) He had a feeling of despair and frustration.C) He had a similar feeling to the woman’s.D) He felt the new place was like paradise.4. A) Go to see the woman’s apartment.B) Make a phone call to his parents.C) Buy some furniture for the woman.D) Decorate the woman’s apartment.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) He works as a literary critic.B) He hosts an educational program.C) He has initiated a university reform.D) He has published a book recently.6. A) It fails to keep up with the radical changes of society.B) It fails to ensure universities get sufficient resources.C) It has not prepared young people for the job market.D) It has not fostered the growth of the arts disciplines.7. A) More of the budget should go to science and technology.B) The underfunded music discipline should be prioritized.C) Subdisciplines like sculpture should get more funding.D) Literature should get as much funding as engineering.8. A) Build a prosperous nation.B) Make skilled professionals.C) Create ingenious artists.D) Cultivate better citizens.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It is quite common.B) It is rarely noticed.C) It seldom annoys people.D) It occurs when one is alone.10. A) Seeing things in black and white.B) Engaging in regular contemplation.C) Having a special understanding of creativity.D) Knowing how to make their mental batteries work.11. A) Engaging in intense activity.B) Fantasizing in one’s down time.C) Working on a particular project.D) Reflecting during one’s relaxation.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Farmers helped Native Americans grow crops.B) There were expansive university campuses.C) There existed post offices.D) Migrants found gold there.13. A) It helped to boost the economy in the American West.B) It provided job opportunities for many gold seekers.C) It extended the influence of the federal government.D) It kept people in the deserts and plains connected.14. A) It employed Native Americans to work as postmen.B) It commissioned private wagons to carry the mail.C) It subsidized the locals who acted as postmasters.D) It centralized postal services in its remote areas.15. A) He analyzed interactive maps of mail routes.B) He read a large collection of books on the topic.C) He examined its historical trends with data science.D) He collected data about its impact on local business.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Higher levels of anxiety may improve people’s memory.B) Some experiences are easier to remember than others.C) Most people tend to remember things selectively.D) Simple things may leave a deep impression on one’s memory.17. A) They classified the participants’ mindset.B) They showed some photos to the participants.C) They measured the participants’ anxiety levels.D) They tested the size of the participants’ vocabulary.18. A) Anxiety has become a serious problem for an increasing number of people.B) Extreme levels of anxiety can adversely affect cognitive performance.C) People diagnosed with anxiety disorder may forget things selectively.D) There is no direct correlation between memory and levels of anxiety. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They compare products from different companies before making a choice.B) They get information from other consumers’ postings and comments.C) They lose patience when their phone call is not promptly answered.D) They expect to get instantaneous responses to their inquiry.20. A) Giving them rewards on the spot.B) Broadening their scope of interest.C) Speaking directly to their emotions.D) Focusing on the details of the product.21. A) Change the rules of the game in the market every year.B) Keep up with the latest technological developments.C) Learn from technological innovators to do business.D) Make greater efforts to build up consumers’ confidence. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) People have only one social engagement per week.B) Working together enhances friendship.C) Few people have devoted friends.D) Friendships benefit work.23. A) The impact of friends on people’s self-esteem.B) How supportive friends can be in the workplace.C) How to boost one’s sense of value and worthiness.D) The role of family ties in people’s mental well-being.24. A) They show little interest in their friends’ work.B) They tend to be much more difficult to make.C) They are more trustworthy and reliable.D) They increase people’s job satisfaction.25. A) Allow employees to have a flexible work schedule.B) Encourage employees to be friends with colleagues.C) Help employees balance work and family responsibilities.D) Organize activities to nourish friendships outside of work.答案速查Conversation One1. B) It was warm and comfortable.2. B) She misses her roommates she used to complain about.3. C) He had a similar feeling to the woman’s.4. A) Go to see the woman’s apartment.Conversation Two5. D) He has published a book recently.6. C) It has not prepared young people for the job market.7. A) More of the budget should go to science and technology.8. D) Cultivate better citizens.Passage One9. A) It is quite common.10. B) Engaging in regular contemplation.11. D) Reflecting during one’s relaxation.Passage Two12. C) There existed post offices.13. D) It kept people in the deserts and plains connected.14. B) It commissioned private wagons to carry the mail.15. C) He examined its historical trends with data science. Recording One16. A) Higher levels of anxiety may improve people’s memory.17. C) They measured the participants’ anxiety levels.18. B) Extreme levels of anxiety can adversely affect cognitive performance.Recording Two19. D) They expect to get instantaneous responses to their inquiry.20. C) Speaking directly to their emotions.21. B) Keep up with the latest technological developments.Recording Three22. D) Friendships benefit work.23. A) The impact of friends on people’s self-esteem.24. D) They increase people’s job satisfaction.25. A) Allow employees to have a flexible work schedule.听力原文与答案Conversation OneM: Hi Lily, how’s the new apartment?W: It’s okay.M: What? How can it be just okay when last week you were thrilled about the place and kept posting photos of it online?W: (1) Well, last week when I moved in, the apartment seemed cozy, just the right size for one person. But now it just seems tiny, shabby and solitary.M: Ah, that’s the problem. You miss your roommates from university, don’t you?W:(2) I’m going to sound like an idiot, because I used to complain to you all the time about how crowded our dormitory room was, and about all the things they did to irritate me, like watching movies late at night without headphones, or talking loudly early in the morning. But now I miss them terribly. M: Of course, you do. That’s perfectly normal. (3) When I got my first place, I remember thinking I couldn’t wait to live by myself and get away from my juvenile roommates and all their annoying habits. But then I began missing them and feeling lonely and thinking that our dormitory was like paradise. Even though there were six of us guys in one small room.W: I thought it was just me who felt like that.M:Look, you lived at home with us, and then you had three roommates, and this is your first time living alone, so it’s hard. But your first apartment is a milestone in your life. And you should celebrate it. Tell me about the apartment.W: Actually, it’s not bad. In fact, it’s pretty adorable now that I have decorated it and it has everything I need. I have a kitchen to cook in and a bathroom all to myself, and then another room with my bed at one end and a sofa, a small table and chairs at the other end.M: That does sound adorable, and (4) I can’t wait to see it. And neither can mom and dad.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q1. What was the woman’s first impression of the apartment? 答案: B)Q2. Why does the woman say she’s going to sound like an idiot? 答案: B)Q3. What do we learn about the man when he left the dormitory to live on his own? 答案: C)Q4. What does the man say he can’t wait to do? 答案: A)Conversation TwoW: Welcome to our program book talk. (5) Our guest today is Frank Jones, a critic of our education system and the author of a new book, How to Reform Our Universities.M: Hello, Susan.W: Frank, you support radically changing universities in America.M:Yes. (6) I believe that the purpose of higher education is to prepare young people to enter the workforce and that our current system fails to do this. We’re allocating too many resources to disciplines that don’t match the needs of employers.W:I think your attitude to education is a bit cynical, Frank. Surely the purpose of university is to prepare young people to participate fully in civic life rather than just to find well paid jobs.M: Susan, many young graduates struggle to find any job, let alone a good one. The job market is grim, particularly for students who study the arts.W:I agree that it isn’t easy for young people to find work, but you propose closing down all departments that aren’t directly related to science and technology. Is that really the solution?M: You’re overstating my point. (7) My argument is that we need to use more of our budget on areas like science and engineering. To do that, we need to take money from subjects like literature and music.W: (8) But the arts have value. They’re an important part of our culture. Studying literature or music or sculpture might not result in a job in that area, but it helps young people to think about the world in a deeper way, which makes them better citizens and makes for a better society.M: l agree that the arts are valuable to society, but it’s naive to think that not only the most talented, but all students should study them at university level. The odds are very competitive, and most graduates will end up with a great deal of debt obtaining a degree that has little value on the job market. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5. What do we learn from the conversation about the man? 答案: D)Q6. What does the man believe is the problem with the current American system of higher education? 答案: C)Q7. How should the education budget be allocated according to the man? 答案: A)Q8. What does the woman say the arts can do? 答案: D)Passage One(9) Do you ever have the annoying feeling that you don’t have time to really think anymore? You’re not alone. A variety of factors have conspired to rob us of time for reflection about ourselves and our lives. Today our preoccupied minds are rarely silent. The average person receives hundreds of texts and voice messages a day. And holidays for many of us are action packed weeks more likely full of family activities than opportunities for tranquility and contemplation.(10) Regular reflection, however, underlies all great professionals. It’s a prerequisite for you to recharge your mental batteries, see things in a new light and tap into your creativity. Almost all of the great advisors that I have studied have found ways to get away from it all and contemplate their life and work. Some researchers in the field of creativity, in fact, believe that insight occurs during the reflection and relaxation that follows a period of intense activity. Schedule your time for reflection about your work, or a particular project you’re engaged in.I usually block out half an hour. Don’t answer the phone. Push your papers to the side. Sketch, make lists, draw mind maps of ideas that come to you. At the end, write down any emerging ideas.When you’re alone, stop worrying and think. A lot of our downtime is spent worrying about troublesome things in our lives or fantasizing about how we’d like our lives to be. (11) Revisit things during moments of relaxation after a period of intense work. This is when we are the most creative. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q9. What do we learn about the feeling that one doesn’t have time to think anymore? 答案: A)Q10. What trait do all great professionals share? 答案: B)Q11. What do some researchers believe is conducive to creative ideas? 答案: D)Passage Two(12) Even before Colorado was a state, it had post offices. The first opened in 1859 in a settlement founded by migrants searching for gold. Life could be unpredictable out west. Gold failed to appear,drought ruined farmers, and settlers clashed with Native Americans.On the settlement’s location, now stands a sprawling university campus. Amid all the changes, one feature remained constant: the postal service. The maps tracing America’s westward expansion are telling. In 1864 there were few postal branches on land controlled by Native Americans, which still accounted for most of the West. Over the next 25 years, post offices grew quickly. Colonization of the West could be regarded as a result of big government rather than pioneers. (13) As federal subsidies and land grants tempted people into the deserts and plains, the post kept them connected.In the mid-19th century, the Post Office Department was far from a centralized bureaucracy. To keep up with migration patterns, postal services were added to existing businesses. (14) The federal government commissioned private wagons to carry the mail. Short-term contracts were granted to local businessmen to act as postmasters. These partnerships enabled the mail to quickly follow migrants, helping knit together remote parts of the country.Mr. Blevins, a digital historian, wrote a book on the history of the US postal service. (15) He used data science to analyze historical trends. Most strikingly, he built an accompanying website complete with interactive maps. They show readers how, within a generation, the postal service helped colonize a continent. These online interactive maps illustrate the formative power of snail mail.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q12. What does the passage say about Colorado before it became a state? 答案: C)Q13. How did the postal service contribute to America’s westward expansion? 答案: D)Q14. What did the federal government do to meet the increasing demand for the postal service in the West? 答案: B)Q15. What did Mr. Blevins do to study the history of the US postal service? 答案: C)Recording OneIn last week’s lecture, we discussed reasons why people forget things. This week, we will discuss a surprising reason why we might remember some things: anxiety. Think about something as simple as buying a coffee. That may not seem like an experience that would make a deep impression on your memory. But anxiety could change that. (16) In fact, a new study suggests that people with higher anxiety levels might remember certain information better than people with lower anxiety levels. That’s because higher levels of anxiety may make people more susceptible to negative feelings. Putting them in a more negative state of mind, that in turn, may make them able to better remember some events. Let’s take a closer look at that new study now. (17) In the study, the researchers started by giving 80 undergraduate students an anxiety test. The test measured the participants’anxiety levels over the proceeding two weeks.Then, to test memory, the participants were shown a series of neutral words one at a time. Some of the words were printed onto photos of negative scenes, meaning images that could affect their emotions negatively, such as a photo of a car accident, or a cemetery. The rest of the words were printed onto photos of neutral scenes, such as a photo of a lake or trees. Neutral words included words like table or desk that don’t elicit emotion.Later, the participants were asked to think back to the words they were shown earlier, which caused them to reenter either a negative or neutral mindset. The participants were then presented with another set of neutral words, and their memory of these new words was tested.The researchers found that the new words presented to people in a negative mindset were better remembered by people with higher levels of anxiety than those with lower levels of anxiety.In other words, when highly anxious individuals took in otherwise emotionally neutral information that was presented to them, it became colored by their negative mindset, making them remember the information better. But these same effects were not seen in people with low levels of anxiety.(18) Previous studies have found that extreme levels of anxiety such as those experienced by people diagnosed with an anxiety disorder can be quite detrimental to memory and cognitive performance. But the highly anxious people in this study represent individuals who are managing their anxiety and for whom anxiety is not a serious problem.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q16. What does the speaker say the new study suggests? 答案: A)Q17. What did researchers do first in the new study? 答案: C)Q18. What do we learn from previous studies about anxiety? 答案: B)Recording TwoOver the past 20 years, the internet has gradually become a dominant feature of our lives. It has changed how we communicate with each other. And it has definitely transformed the way we do business with each other. Marketing has also changed in a number of ways.For instance, in the past, consumers had to call a phone number and patiently wait on hold in order to get the information they wanted. (19) Today, they want the information immediately. They’ll go to the company’s social media page and post comments and questions, expecting to receive an immediate response. If they don’t get their questions answered soon, they’ll move on to another company that will answer them quickly.Marketing departments today need to follow technological development. For example, this year’s smartphone is smarter than last year’s; self-driving cars are now on the road. Marketers have to do research on which technologies are coming into being. Otherwise, they risk being left behind in the virtual dust.Marketing has also changed due to the importance of video. People don’t just want to read text; they want to watch things happening. Companies now have to explore how they can use video on a consistent basis to share information about their businesses. Fortunately, it’s extremely easy to shoot something these days. All you need is a smartphone.But what’s the result of all this? Shorter attention spans. We are n’t the same people that we were 20 years ago. Not only have we grown accustomed to getting the information we want instantaneously, our attention spans are much shorter. If something doesn’t capture our attention within a few seconds, we’re on to the next piece of content. (20) Marketers need to figure out ways to speak directly to the customer’s emotions, and they need to figure out how to do that as quickly as possible. Once people are emotionally engaged, they’ll stick with you.If marketing has changed this much in the past 20 years, imagine what the next 20 years will bring. In a recent survey, only nine percent of marketers could say with confidence that their marketing efforts were actually working. Their confidence is being shaken because the rules of the game change every year. That’s why (21) it’s important for marketers to pay attention to the latest technologicaldevelopments and consider collaborating with technological innovators. That way, they’ll be moving at the same pace as the tech industry.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q19. What does the speaker say about today’s consumers? 答案: D)Q20. How do marketers capture consumers’ attention as quickly as possible? 答案: C)Q21. What does the speaker suggest marketers do to meet future challenges? 答案: B)Recording ThreeYou might be surprised to learn that (22) the benefits of friendships extend beyond people’s social life and into their work, which is interesting when considering the extent to which people sacrifice friendships, or at least the time they spend with friends because of the extended hours they’re devoting to work. Just last week, I was remarking to a colleague that I’m content with only one social engagement per week. But according to recent research, that’s evidently not enough.(23) In an initial study of more than 700 respondents, scholars from an American university analyzed the impact that friends, as opposed to family, have on self-esteem and well-being. Friends came out substantially on top. That’s because to be someone’s mate is a voluntary act, unlike family who people rarely get to choose. The researchers found that when people choose to cultivate and maintain supportive friendships with an individual, it means that the person is valued and worthy of their limited time. Such sentiments of value and worthiness boost our self-esteem.The second study comprised more than 300 participants. It proved that the better we feel about ourselves, the more likely we will perform our job confidently and competently. (24) This follow-up study found that non-work friends even improved people’s job satisfaction. They have as much of an impact on how much they love their jobs, as do the friends they have at work, despite not actually being at our place of work. These types of friends tend to be our preferred outlet for venting about work-related matters. This is an avenue that may not be available at the office.So even though friendships can be easy to neglect when confronted by pressures at work, or even pressures at home, neglecting our friends can turn out to be harmful and counterproductive. That’s why when determining how to create a better work life balance, we need to consider not only how to balance work and family demands, but also how to cultivate and sustain supportive friendships. It’s for this reason that (25) managers should never discriminate when it comes to requests from employees for flexible work arrangements. It’s irrelevant whether their need for a desired schedule is due to, say, parenting responsibilities, or a craving to hang out with their best mate. What matters is the opportunity to engage in a nourishing activity outside of work. That will definitely have a follow-on effect at work. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q22. What does the speaker say is interesting? 答案: D)Q23. What did researchers from an American university analyze in their initial study? 答案: A)Q24. What did the second study find about non-work friends? 答案: D)Q25. What does the speaker suggest managers do? 答案: A)。
六级真题听力原文(2006.6-2012.6)2012年6月六级听力原文 (2)2011年12月六级听力原文 (8)2011年6月六级听力原文 (13)2010年12月六级听力原文 (18)2010年6月六级听力原文 (23)2009年12月英语六级真题听力原文 (28)2009年6月英语六级真题听力原文 (33)2008年12月英语六级真题听力原文 (35)2008年6月英语六级真题听力原文 (39)2007年12月英语六级真题听力原文 (44)2007年6月英语六级真题听力原文 (48)2006年12月英语六级真题听力原文 (52)2006年6月英语六级真题听力原文 (55)2012年6月六级听力原文11.W:Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for4weeks?M:Yeah.She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend.Q:What can we learn from the conversation?【答案】A)The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.12.M:A famous Russian ballet is coming to town next weekend.But I can’t find a ticket anywhere.W:Don’t be upset.My sister just happened to have one and she can’t go since she has got some sort of conflict in her schedule.Q:What does the woman mean?【答案】C)She can get a ballet ticket for the man.13.W:Hello,my bathroom drain is blocked and I’m giving a party tonight.Do you think you could come and fix it for me?M:Sorry,ma’am.I’m pretty busy right now.But I can put you on my list.Q:What does the man mean?【答案】A)He has to do other repairs first.14.W:We’re taking up a collection to buy a gift for Gemma.She’ll have been with the company25years next week.M:Well,count me in.But I’m a bit short on cash now.When do you need it?Q:What is the man going to do?【答案】C)Give his contribution some time later.15.W:Tony’s mother has invited me to dinner.Do you think I should tell her in advance that I’m a vegetarian?M:Of course.I think she’d appreciate it.Imaging how you both feel if she fixed the turkey dinner or something.Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?【答案】D)Tell Tony’s mother that she eats no meat.16.M:Just look at this newspaper,nothing but robberies,suicide and murder.Do you still believe people are basically good?W:Of course.But many papers lack interest in reporting something positive like peace, love and generosity.Q:What are the speakers talking about?【答案】B)The coverage of newspapers.17.M:I can’t believe so many people want to sign up for the Korea Development Conference. We will have to limit the registration.W:Yeah,otherwise we won’t have room for the more.Q:What are the speakers going to do?【答案】C)Limit the number of participants in the conference.18.W:Hi,I’m calling about the ad for the one bedroom apartment.M:Perfect timing!The person who was supposed to rent it just backed town to take a room on campus.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?【答案】A)The apartment is still available.Conversation1W:One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian.What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.M:So how did he do it exactly?W:Well,first of all,he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light.The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other.If the light flashed on and off several times,the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one.If the light was kept steady,the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order.Whenever they responded correctly,they were rewarded with fish.M:Sounds terribly complicated.W:Well,that was the first stage.In the second stage,Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks.They could still hear one another,but they couldn’t actually see each other.The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first.But in order to get their fish,both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order.This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light.M:So did it work?W:Well,amazingly enough,the dolphins achieved a100%success rate.Questions19-21are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q19.What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian’s experiment?Q20.What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw a steady light?Q21.How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?答案:19.D)to see if dolphins can communicate with each other.20.A)Press the right-hand lever first.21.C)Only one dolphin was able to see the light.Conversation2W:This week’s program Up Your Street takes you to Harrogate,a small town in Yorkshire. Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times,when people came to take a bath in the mineral waters.Today,few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters.Instead,Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to.Its clean air, attractive parks,and the absence of any industry,make this an ideal spot for people looking for a quiet life.Now,to tell us more about Harrogate,I have with me Tom Percival, President of the Chamber of Commerce.Tom,one of the things visitor notices about Harrogate is the large area of open park land right down into the middle of the town.Can you tell us more about it?M:Yes,certainly.The area is called the Stray.W:Why the Stray?M:It’s called that because in the old days,people let their cattle stray on the area,which was common land.W:Oh,I see.M:Then,we’ve changes in farming and in land ownership.The Stray became part of the land owned by Harrogate.W:And is it protected?M:Oh,yes,indeed.As a special law,no one can build anything on the stray.It’s protected forever.W:So it will always be park land?M:That’s right.As you can see,some of the Stray is used for sports fields.W:I believe it looks lovely in the spring.M:Yes,it does.There’re spring flowers on the old trees,and people visit the town just to see the flowers.Question22-25are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q22.Where does this conversation most probably take place?Q23.What do we learn about modern Harrogate?Q24.What does the man say about the area called the Stray?Q25.What attracts people most in the Stray during the spring time?答案:22.B)In a resort town.23.D)It is an ideal place for people to retire to.24.D)It is protected as parkland by a special law.25.C)The beautiful flowers.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneRussell Fazio,an Ohio State psychology professor who has studied interracial roommates there and at Indiana University,discovered an intriguing academic effect.In a study analyzing data on thousands of Ohio State freshmen who lived in dorms,he found that black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate—even if the roommate’s test scores were low.The roommate’s race had no effect on the grades of white students or low-scoring black students.Perhaps,the study speculated,having a white roommate helps academically prepared black students adjust to a predominantly white university.That same study found that randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates.Because interracial roommate relationships are often problematic,Dr.Fazio said,many students would like to move out,but university housing policies may make it hard to leave.“At Indiana University,where housing was not so tight,more interracial roommates split up,”he said.“Here at Ohio State,where housing was tight,they were told to work it out. The most interesting thing we found was that if the relationship managed to continue for just10weeks,we could see an improvement in racial attitudes.”Dr.Fazio’s Indiana study found that three times as many randomly assigned interracial roommates were no longer living together at the end of the semester,compared with white roommates.The interracial roommates spent less time together,and had fewer joint activities than the white pairs.Question26-2926.What do we know about Russell Fazio?27.Who benefited from living with a white roommate according to Fazio’s study?28.What did the study find about randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State University?29.What did Dr.Fazio find interesting about interracial roommates who had lived together for10weeks?答案:26,C.He specialized in interpersonal relationship.27.D.Black freshman with high standardized scores28,C.They broke up more often than same-race roommates29,C.The racial attitudes improved.Passage twoIn a small laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina,Dr.Vladimir Mironov has been working for a decade to grow meat.A developmental biologist and tissue engineer, Dr.Mironov,is one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineering'cultured' meat.It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way.“Growth of cultured meat is also under way in the Netherlands”,Mironov told Reuters in an interview,“but in the United States,it is science in search of funding and demand.”The new National Institute of Food and Agriculture won't fund it,the National Institutes of Health won't fund it,and the NASA funded it only briefly,Mironov said."It's classic disruptive technology,"Mironov said."Bringing any new technology on the market,on average,costs$1billion.We don't even have$1million."Director of the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at the medical university,Mironov now primarily conducts research on tissue engineering,or growing,of human organs."There's an unpleasant factor when people find out meat is grown in a lab.They don't like to associate technology with food,"said Nicholas Genovese,a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology."But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner,"Genovese said.30.What does Dr.Mironov think of bioengineering cultured meat?31.What does Dr.Mironov say about the funding for their research?32.What does Nicholas Genovese say about a lot of products we eat today?答案:30,A.It will help solve the global food crisis.31,D.It is still far from being sufficient.32,D.They are not as natural as we believed.Passage threeBernard Jackson is a free man today,but he has many bitter memories.Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women.At Jackson's trial,although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes,he was convicted anyway.Why?The jury believed the testimony of the two victims,who positively identified Jackson as the man who has attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes.Jackson was similar in appearance to the guilty man.The two women has made a mistake in identity.As a result,Jackson has lost five years of his life.The two women in this case were eyewitnesses.They clearly saw the man whoattacked them,yet they mistakenly identified an innocent person.Similar incidents have occurred before.Eyewitnesses to other crimes have identified the wrong person in a police lineup or in photographs.Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.For instance,witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people.They can become confused by seeing many photographs or similar faces.The number of people in the lineup,and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph,may also affect a witness's decision.People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races.The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.Question33:What do we learn about Bernard Jackson?Question34:What led directly to Jackson’s sentence?Question35:What lesson do we learn from Jackson’s case?答案:33,A.He was wrongly imprisoned34,A.The two victims’identification35,B.Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from36to43with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from44to46you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.答案:36.slight37.official38.shrinking39.plunge40.decline41.primary42.heads43.Poverty44.Hampered by higher taxes and weak demand for its exports,Mexico's economy is seen only partially recovering this year.45.Mexico has historically had high drop-out rates as poor families pull kids out of school to help put food on the table,46.The nation's drop-out problem is just the latest bad news for the long-term competitiveness of the Mexican economy.2011年12月六级听力原文Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.11.W:This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M:Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?12.W:I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night.Did you get home in time to see it?W:Oh,yes,but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q:What does the man mean?13.W:Airport,please.I’m running a little late.So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.M:Sure,but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?14.W:May I make a recommendation,sir?Our seafood with this special sauce is very good. M:Thank you,but I don’t eat shellfish.I’m allergic to it.Q:Where does this conversation most probably take place?15.W:now one more question if you don’t mind,what position in the company appeals to you most?M:Well,I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q:What do we learn about the man?16.M:I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year.I need more privacy.W:I know what you mean.But check out the cost if renting an apartment first.I won’t be surprised if you change your mind.Q:What does the woman imply?17.M:You’re on the right track.I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W:Yeah,you’re right.I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?18.W:This picnic should beat the last one we went to,doesn’t it?M:Oh,yeah,we had to spend the whole time inside.Good thing,the weather was cooperative this time.What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?Long ConversationConversation OneM:When I say I live in Sweden,people always want to know about the seasons.W:The seasons?M:Yeah,you know how cold it is in winter?What is it like when the days are so short? W:So what is it like?M:Well,it is cold,very cold in winter.Sometimes it is cold as26degrees below centigrade.And of course when you go out,you’ll wrap up warm.But inside in the houses it’s always very warm,much warmer than at home.Swedish people always complain that when they visit England,the houses are cold even in the good winter.W:And what about the darkness?M:Well,yeah,around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight,so you really looks forward to the spring.It is sometimes a bit depressing.But you see the summers are amazing,from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets.It’s still light in the midnight.You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.W:Oh,yeah,the land of the midnight sun.M:Yeah,that’s right,but it’s wonderful.You won’t stay up all night.And the Swedes makes most of it often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about2or3 in the afternoon,so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings.They’d like to work hard,but play hard,too.I think Londoners work longer hours,but I’m not sure this is a good thing.Q19:What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Q20:What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?Q21:How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden? Q21:What does the man say about the Swedish people?Conversation TwoW:What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?M:That’s a very good question.I don’t think there is any,specifically.W:For example,in your case,what was your educational background?M:Well,I did a degree in French at Nottingham.After that,I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people.Here is in the university.Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side.Then progressed on to universities.So there wasn’t any plan and there was no specific training. There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.W:But in the first place,you did a French degree.M:In my time,there wasn’t a degree you could do for administration.I think most of the administrators I’ve come across have degrees and all sorts of things.W:Well,I know in my case,I did an English literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I am doing now.M:Quite.W:But you are local to Nottingham,actually?Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?M:No,no,I come from the north of England,from west Yorkshire.Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list.And I like the look of it.The campus is just beautiful.W:Yes,indeed.Let’s see.Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?M:Yes,from the Woolen District.Q23.What was the man’s major at university?Q24:What was the man’s job in secondary schools?Q25:What attracted the man to Nottingham University?Section BPassage OneWhile Gail Obcamp,an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan,she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed.Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her?Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful.Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes to enhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words.Some day youmay be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of minority group in North America.Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings.Here are some examples.In the deaf culture of North America,many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.In some cultures,both overseas and in some minority groups in North America,listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact.In some countries,whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.Questions:26,What did Obcamp’s speech focus on?27,Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech? 28,What does the speaker try to explain?Passage TwoChris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company.He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year.Salary,promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting.Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year.First,he bought new equipment for one of the departments.He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them.Along with improving the equipment,Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves.The training saved time for the employees and money for the company.Unfortunately,one serious problem developed during the year.Two employees the Chris hired were stealing,and he had to fire them.Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months,and he would like to be promoted to the job.Chris knows,however,that someone else wants that new job,too.Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company.She has also made several changes over the year. Chris knows that his boss likes Kim’s work,and he expects that his work will be compared with hers.Questions29to32are based on the passage you have just heard.29.What is Chris’s main responsibility at Taxlong Company?30.What problem did Chris encounter in his Division?31.What does Chris hope for in the near future?32.What do we learn about Kim from the passage?Passage ThreeProverbs,sometimes called sayings,are examples of folk wisdom.They are little lessonswhich older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life. Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture.Values teach people how to act,what is right,and what is wrong.Because the values of each culture are different,understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act.Understanding your own culture values is important too.If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values,not yours,getting along with them will be much easier.Many proverbs are very old.So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were.For example,Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb“Haste makes waste”,because patience is not important to them.But if you know about past values,it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today.Benjamin Franklin,a famous American diplomat,writer and scientist,died in1790,but his proverb“Time is money”is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures.In many cases though,the same idea is expressed differently.Questions33-35are based on the passage you have just heard.33.Why are proverbs so important?34.According to the speaker what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time? 35What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world?Section CCompound DictationOur lives are woven together.As much as I enjoy my own company,I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own.Even if I am on vacation in the mountains,I am eating food someone else has grown,living in a house someone else has built,wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others,using electricity someone else is distributing to my house.Evidence of interdependence is everywhere;we are on this journey together.As I was growing up,I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything.“Make your own way”,”Stand on your own two feet”or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed,lie on it.Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture.I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices.But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines.And instead,I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.I would do almost anything not to be a burden,and not require any help from anybody2011年6月六级听力原文11M:I left20pages here to copy,here’s the receiptW:I’m sorry,sir,but we are a little behind,could you come back in a few minutes?Q:what does the woman mean?12W:I hope you are not to put out with me for the delay,I had to stop for the Fred’s home to pick up a book on my way hereM:well,that’s not a big deal,but you might at least phone if you know you will keep someone waitingQ:what do we learn about the women?13W:Mark is the best candidate for chairman of the student’s union,isn’t he?M:well,that guy won’t be able to win the election unless he got the majority vote from women students,and I am not sure about it?Q:what does the man mean?14M:sorry to have kept you waiting,Madam,I’ve located your luggage,it was left behind in Paris and won’t arrive until later this eveningW:oh,I can’t believe this,have it been to delivered to my hotel then,I guessQ:what happened to the woman’s luggage?15W:I don’t think we have enough information for our presentation.But we have to give it tomorrow.That doesn’t seem to be much we can do about it.M:Yeah,at this point,we’ll have to make do with what we’ve got.Q:what does the man suggest they do?16M:I’m taking this great course psychology of language.It’s really interesting.Since you’re psychology major,you should sign up for it.W:Actually,I tried to do that.But they told me I have to take language studies first.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?17W:Can you believe the way Larry was talking to his roommate?No wonder they don’t get along.M:Well,maybe Larry was just reacting to something his roommate said.There are two sides to every story you know.Q:What does the man imply about Larry and his roommate?18M:We don’t have the resources to stop those people from buying us out.Unless a miracle happens,this may be the end of us.W:I still have hope we can get help from the bank.After all,we don’t need that much money.Q:What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?Conversation OneQuestions19to22are based on the conversation you have just heard.W:You know I've often wondered why people laugh at the picture of a big belly businessman slipping on a banana skin and falling on his bottom.We are to feel sorry for them.M:Actually,Laura,I think we laugh because we are glad it didn't happen to us.But of course there is also a kind of humorous satisfaction in seeing somebody self-important making a fool of themselves.W:Yes,and there are a lot of jokes about people who are too fat or physically handicapped,you know,deaf,or short-sighted things like that.After all,it's not really funny to be like that.M:Oh,I think that's because we're embarrassed.We don't know how to cope with the situation.Perhaps we are even a bit frightened we may get like that,so we laugh.M:What about the custard pie routine?W:What do you mean'custard pie routine'?M:You know,all those old films where someone gets so outraged with his boss,He picks up a custard pie and plasters it all over the other person's face.W:That never makes me laugh much,because you can guess what's going to happen.But a lot of people still find it laughable.It must because of the sort of the thing we'd all love to do once in a while and never quiet have the courage to.M:I had an old aunt who used to throw cups of tea at people when she was particularly irritated.She said it relieved her feelings.W:It must have come a bit expensive.M:Not really.She took care never to throw her best china.19.Why does the man say we laughed when we see some self-important people。
2023年6月六级听力原文及答案解析Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks?M: Yeah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?【答案】A) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.【解析】细节题。
英语六级十二月考试真题第一套听力原文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Please find below the original text of the listening section from the first set of the December CET-6 exam:Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) In the library.B) In the laboratory.C) In the classroom.D) On the playground.12. A) It's too lengthy.B) It's too difficult.C) It's too outdated.D) It's too specialized.13. A) The speaker's research findings.B) The reason for the seminar's success.C) The lack of time for discussion.D) The lecture's organization.14. A) He never misses a chance to talk about his specialty.B) He often packs too much into his lectures.C) He is well known for his sense of humor.D) He is boring when he sticks to his lecture notes.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 15 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.15. A) A chambermaid.B) A receptionist.C) A tour guide.D) A hotel manager.16. A) To have a look at the house they will live in.B) To discuss their children's school arrangements.C) To meet the man's new colleagues.D) To attend a future staff meeting.17. A) To give them more time to relax.B) To allow them to go shopping for groceries.C) To help them get acquainted with the area.D) To show them the most interesting tourist sights.18. A) The scheduled visit to the boss's house.B) The meetings she will have that afternoon.C) Her relations with her ex-husband.D) The shopping her guest wants to do.---This is the original text of the listening section from the first set of the December CET-6 exam. Feel free to use this text as a reference for your preparation.篇2The following is the transcript of the first set of listening section for the December six-level exam:Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation, we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet.Sample answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) She failed to make the best of many opportunities available to her.B) She never wasted a single chance to get the job done.C) She had some good chances but failed to grab them.D) She never succeeded in any chance she had.2. A) Employer and employee.B) Doctor and patient.C) Professor and student.D) Officer and clerk.3. A) The man prefers to stay and ask for directions.B) The man will ask passers-by for directions.C) The man refuses to ask any person for directions.D) The man is reluctant to ask for help.4. A) The woman has decided to sell the car.B) The first two options are correct.C) The car is sold at a very low price.D) The car is in excellent condition.5. A) She failed to fulfil the requirement for graduation.B) She failed to submit a paper.C) She failed to satisfy her teacher's expectations.D) She failed to give a presentation.篇3I'm sorry, but I am not able to provide verbatim excerpts from copyrighted material such as the actual content of the December 2020 CET-6 listening test. However, I can offer you a summary or analysis of the listening test questions and topics as a reference for your review and preparation.The December 2020 CET-6 listening test may have included a variety of questions focusing on different topics such as academic lectures, conversations, news reports, and interviews. Test takers were required to listen carefully and answer questions based on the information provided in the recordings.For example, one question could have been about a lecture on history or science, where the test takers must identify key points or details. Another question might have required listening to a conversation between two people discussing their plans and preferences, with test takers needing to infer information and make predictions based on the dialogue.In addition, there may have been questions related to news reports or interviews, where test takers had to extract specific information or draw conclusions from the content presented. Practicing listening in various contexts and familiarizing oneself with different accents and speech patterns can be helpful in preparing for the listening section of the CET-6 exam.Overall, the December 2020 CET-6 listening test likely covered a range of topics to assess test takers' listening comprehension skills and ability to understand spoken English in academic, social, and professional settings. It is essential to practice actively listening, taking notes, and summarizing key points to improve performance on the listening test and increase overall English proficiency.。
202312月六级听力原文2023年12月六级听力原文Part I: ConversationW: Hey, have you heard about the new restaurant that just opened downtown?M: No, I haven't. What's so special about it?W: Well, it's called "Taste of Asia" and it offers a wide variety of Asian cuisines. They have Chinese, Japanese, Thai, and even Indian dishes.M: That sounds amazing! I love Asian food. Is it expensive?W: Surprisingly, it's quite affordable. The prices are reasonable, and the portions are generous.M: That's great to hear. I'll definitely check it out this weekend.W: You should. I went there last night and the food was delicious. I highly recommend their sushi and curry dishes.M: Thanks for the recommendation. I can't wait to try it.Part II: LectureGood morning, everyone. Today, I'd like to talk about the importance of time management. Time management is a crucial skill that can greatly impact our productivity and success in both personal and professional aspects of life.Firstly, effective time management allows us to prioritize tasks and allocate our time wisely. By setting clear goals and deadlines, we can focus on what needs to be done and avoid wasting time on unimportant activities. This helps us stay organized and ensures that we complete tasks in a timely manner.Secondly, time management helps reduce stress and improve work-life balance. When we manage our time effectively, we can avoid procrastination and last-minute rushes, which often lead to stress and anxiety. By planning our time well, we can create a balance between work, family, and leisure activities, leading to a more fulfilling and satisfying life.Furthermore, time management enhances our efficiency and productivity. When we have a clear plan and schedule, we can eliminate distractions and stay focused on our tasks. This allows us to work more efficiently and accomplish more in less time. By managing our time effectively, we can achieve our goals and reach our full potential.Lastly, time management promotes self-discipline and self-improvement. It requires us to be accountable for our own time and take responsibility for our actions. By practicing good time management habits, such as setting realistic deadlines and avoiding procrastination, we can develop self-discipline and improve our overall productivity and performance.In conclusion, time management is a vital skill that can greatly impact our lives. It allows us to prioritize tasks, reduce stress, enhance efficiency, and promote self-discipline. By managing our time effectively, we can achieve our goals, maintain a healthy work-life balance, and lead a morefulfilling life. So, let's start practicing good time management habits and make the most of our time. Thank you.Part III: DiscussionNow, let's move on to the discussion section. Today's topic is about the impact of social media on society.M: I think social media has had a significant impact on society. It has revolutionized the way we communicate and connect with others.W: I agree. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have made it easier for us to stay connected with friends and family, no matter where they are.M: That's true. It has also provided a platform for people to express their opinions and share their experiences with a wider audience.W: However, social media has its downsides as well. It can be addictive and time-consuming, leading to a decrease in productivity and real-life interactions.M: I think social media has also contributed to the spread of fake news and misinformation. People often believe and share information without verifying its authenticity.W: That's a valid point. Social media has definitely changed the way we consume news and information, and it's important for us to be critical and discerning.M: Overall, I believe social media has both positive and negative impacts on society. It's up to us to use it responsibly and make the most of its benefits while being aware of its drawbacks.W: I couldn't agree more. It's important for us to strike a balance and not let social media consume our lives.M: Absolutely. Let's use social media as a tool for connection and information, rather than letting it control us.W: Well said. Thank you for sharing your thoughts.M: Thank you for the discussion.。
2024年6月大学英语六级听力原文(第1套)Conversation OneThank you for meeting with me, Stephen, at such a short notice.Not a problem, Margaret.Now please give me some good news. Have you agreed to my last proposal?I have indeed and I wish to sign the agreement, pending one small change to be made a contract.Margaret, we've been through this for almost a year now, back and forth making alterations.Are you sure you want to make a sponsorship deal for your clients or not?I ask this because frankly, some people at my end are running out of patience.I understand your concerns, but as I'm sure you understand, we hold our clients' best interests to be of the utmost concern.We therefore comb through the fine details of all contracts.Rest assured we all appreciate your firm's patience.Okay, fine. So what changes do you wish to make?Essentially, we would like the new deal to exclude the Middle East. That's all.The Middle East? Why?My client has a couple of other prospective marketing deals from companies in the Middle East.Those offers, should they materialize, would exclusively employ my client's image in the Middle East only.Therefore, in order to avoid any conflict, we would need to ensure that both marketing campaigns do not overlap geographically.What business sector in the Middle East are we talking about here?Real estate. Well, that should be okay then.So long as the product is very different from our food and beverage market, there should be no conflict of interest.Nevertheless, I will have to run this through my people.I don't foresee any problem, though.The Middle East is a negligible market for us.But I still need to check this with a couple of departments.Question 1. What does the woman say she will do?Question 2. What does the man say about some people he represents?Question 3.What reason does the woman give for the new deal to exclude the Middle East?Question 4. What does the man say about the Middle East?Conversation TwoNext, we have a special science-related new story. Paula Hancock isat the Denver Observatory.Paula, what is the big story over there?Hi, John. Yes, all the astronomers on site here are very excited.In fact, space enthusiasts all across North America and the rest of the Northern Hemisphere will be congregating on mountain tops tonight to watch the night's sky.Why? What's the big event? Is there an eclipse happening soon?Tonight, the Earth will come into close proximity with the Oppenheimer comet.It is the closest our planet has been to such a phenomenon in over 100 years.For this reason, it is expected that thousands of people will gaze up at the sky tonight in order to see this formidable object.How far away is this comet? Will people be able to see it with the naked eye?The Oppenheimer comet will still be millions of miles away on the edge of our galaxy.But nevertheless, this is a relatively close distance, close enough for people to observe in good detail through a telescope.People will only see a blur without one.However, that does not mean one needs professional equipment.Even the most ordinary of telescopes should be conducive for people to observe and wonder at this flying object.Many of our viewers will be wondering how they too can take part in this once-in-a-lifetime event.Where will this comet be in the sky? How can people find it?The comet will be almost exactly due north, at 60 degrees above the equator.However, finding the comet is indeed very tricky.And scientists here have told me there are plenty of phone apps that will facilitate this.How fantastic! Thank you, Paula, for the information.Question 5.What does the woman say about all the astronomers at the Denver Observatory?Question 6.What do we learn from the conversation about the Oppenheimer comet?Question 7. What does the woman say people will only see in the sky without a telescope?Question 8.What do scientists at the Denver Observatory advise amateurs do to facilitate their observation?Passage OneDietary guidelines form the basis for nutrition advice and regulations around the world.While there is strong scientific consensus around most existing guidelines, one question has recently stirred debate: should consumers be warned to avoid ultra-processed foods?Two papers published today in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition outline the case for and against using the concept of "ultra-processed foods" to help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional food classification systems.The authors, Carlos Monteiro of the University of Sao Paulo and Arna Ostrup of Novo Nordisk Foundation, will discuss the issue in a live virtual debate, August 14th, during NUTRITION 2024 Live Online.The debate centers around a system developed by Monteiro and colleagues that classifies foods by their degree of industrial processing, ranging from unprocessed to ultra-processed.The system defines ultra-processed foods as those made using sequences of processes that extract substances from foods and alter them with chemicals in order to formulate the final product.Ultra-processed foods are characteristically designed to be cheap, tasty, and convenient.Examples include soft drinks and candy, packaged snacks and pastries, ready to heat products, and reconstituted meat products.Studies have linked consumption of ultra-processed foods, which are often high in salt, sugar, and fat, with weight gain and an increased risk of chronic diseases, even after adjusting for the amount of salt, sugar, and fat in the diet.While the mechanisms behind these associations are not fully understood, Monteiro argues that the existing evidence is sufficient to justify discouraging consumption of ultra-processed foods in dietary recommendations and government policies.Question 9. What question is said to have recently stirred debate?Question 10.How does the system developed by Monteiro and colleagues classify foods?Question 11.What is consumption of ultra-processed foods linked with, according to studies?Passage TwoBelieve it or not, human creativity benefits from constraints.According to psychologists, when you have less to work with, you actually begin to see the world differently.With constraints, you dedicate your mental energy to acting more resourcefully.When challenged, you figure out new ways to be better.The most successful creative people know that constraints give their minds the impetus to leap higher.People who invent new products are not limited by what they don't haveor can't do.They leverage their limitations to push themselves even further.Many products and services are created because the founders saw a limitation in what they use.They created innovation based on what was not working for them at the moment.Innovation is a creative person's response to limitation.In a 2015 study which examined how thinking about scarcity or abundance influences how creatively people use their resources, Ravi Mehta at the University of Illinois and Meng Zhu at Johns Hopkins University found that people simply have no incentive to use what's available to them in novel ways.When people face scarcity, they give themselves the freedom to use resources in less conventional ways because they have to.Obstacles can broaden your perception and open up your thinking processes.Consistent constraints help you improve the connecting unrelated ideas and concepts.Marissa Meyer, former vice president for search products and user experience at Google, once wrote in a publication on Bloomberg, "Constraints shape and focus problems and provide clear challenges to overcome; creativity thrives best when constrained."Question 12.What do psychologists say people do when they are short of resources?Question 13. What does the passage say about innovation?Question 14. What did a 2015 study by Ravi Mehta and Meng Zhu find?Question 15.What did Marissa Meyer once write concerning creativity?Recording OneDifferent people use different strategies for managing conflicts.These strategies are learned in childhood.Usually, we are not aware of how we act in conflict situations.We just do whatever seems to come naturally.But we do have a personal strategy, and because it is learned, we can always change it by learning new and more effective ways of managing conflicts.When you get involved in a conflict, there are two major concerns you have to take into account: achieving your personal goals and keeping a good relationship with the other person.How important your personal goals are and how important the relationship is to you affect how you act in a conflict.Given these two concerns, five styles of managing conflicts can be identified.1. The turtle.Turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid conflicts.They give up their personal goals and relationships.They believe it is easier to withdraw from a conflict than to face it.2. The shark.Sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to accept their solution to the conflict.They seek to achieve their goals at all costs.Sharks assume that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one person losing.Winning gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement.Losing gives them a sense of weakness, inadequacy, and failure.3. The teddy bear.Teddy bears want to be accepted and liked by other people.They think that conflict should be avoided in favor of harmony, and believe that conflicts cannot be discussed without damaging relationships.They give up their goals to preserve the relationship.4. The fox.Foxes are moderately concerned with their own goals and about their relationships with other people.They give up part of their goals and persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of his goals.They seek a solution to conflicts where both sides gain something.5. The owl.Owls view conflicts as problems to be solved.They see conflicts as improving relationships by reducing tension between two people.They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem.By seeking solutions that satisfy both themselves and the other person, owls maintain the relationship.Owls are not satisfied until a solution is found that achieves their own goals and the other person's goals, and they are not satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have been fully resolved.Question 16.Why does the speaker say strategies for managing conflicts can always be changed?Question 17.What is said to affect the way one acts in a conflict?Question 18. Of the five styles the speaker discusses, which views conflicts as problems to be solved?Recording TwoThe genetic code of all 1.5 million known species of animals and plants living on Earth will be mapped to help save species from extinction andboost human health.Scientists hope that cracking the genetic code of plants and animals could help uncover new treatments for infectious diseases, slow aging, improve crops and agriculture, and create new bio-materials.In Britain, organisations including the Natural History Museum, the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and the Wellcome Sanger Institute have joined forces to sequence Britain's 66,000 species of animals and plants.Dubbed the Darwin Tree of Life Project, it is expected to take 10 years and cost 100 million pounds.Once completed, all the information will be publicly available to researchers.Many scientists believe that Earth has now entered the sixth mass extinction, with humans creating a toxic mix of habitation loss, pollution and climate change, which has already led to the loss of at least 77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds since 1500.It is the biggest loss of species since the dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago.Scientists say that sequencing every species will revolutionize the understanding of biology and evolution, bolster efforts to conserve as well as protect and restore biodiversity.Dr. Tim Littlewood, head of Life Sciences Department at the Natural History Museum said, "Whether you are interested in food or disease, the history of how every organism on the planet has adapted to its environment is recorded in its genetic makeup.How you then harness that is dependent on your ability to understand it.We will be using modern methods to get a really good window on the present and the past.And of course, a window on the past gives you a prospective model on the future."Sir Jim Smith, Director of Science at Wellcome said, "Try as I might, I can't think of a more exciting, more relevant, more timely, or more internationally inspirational project.Since 1970, humanity has wiped out 60 percent of animal populations.About 23,000 of 80,000 species surveyed are approaching extinction.We are in the midst of the sixth great extinction event of life on our planet, which not only threatens wildlife species, but also imperils the global food supply.As scientists, we all realize we desperately need to catalogue life on our fragile planet now.I think we're making history."Question 19.What do scientists hope to do by cracking the genetic code of plants and animals?Question 20. What do many scientists believe with regard to Earth?Question 21.How does Sir Jim Smith, Director of Science at Wellcome, describe the Darwin Tree of Life Project?Recording ThreeJohn Donne, the English poet, wrote in the 17th century, "No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main."Now, a British academic has claimed that human individuality is indeed just an illusion, because societies are far more interconnected at a mental, physical, and cultural level than people realize.In his new book, The Self Delusion, Professor Tom Oliver, a researcher in the Ecology and Evolution group at the University of Reading, argues there is no such thing as "self", and not even our bodies are truly "us".Just as Copernicus realized the Earth is not the center of the universe, Professor Oliver said society urgently needs a Copernican-like revolution to understand people are not detached beings but rather part of one connected identity."A significant milestone in the cultural evolution of human minds was the acceptance that the Earth is not the center of the universe, the so-called Copernican Revolution," he writes.However, we have one more big myth to dispose of: that we exist as independent selves at the center of a subjective universe.You may feel as if you are an independent individual acting autonomously in the world; that you have unchanging inner self that persists throughout your lifetime, acting as a central anchor-point with the world changing around you.This is the illusion I seek to tackle. We are intimately connected to the world around us."Professor Oliver argues there are around 37 trillion cells in the body but most have a lifespan of just a few days or weeks, so the material "us" is constantly changing.In fact, there is no part of your body that has existed for more than ten years.Since our bodies are essentially made anew every few weeks, the material in them alone is clearly insufficient to explain the persistent thread of an identity.Professor Oliver claims that individualism is actually bad for society, and only by realizing we are part of a bigger entity can we solve pressing environmental and societal problems.Through selfish over-consumption we are destroying the natural world and using non-renewable resources at an accelerating rate."We are at a critical crossroads as a species where we must rapidly reform our mindsets and behavior to act in less selfish ways," he said."So let's open our eyes to the hidden connections all around us."Question 22. What is indeed just an illusion according to Professor Tom Oliver?Question 23. What does Professor Tom Oliver think of the idea that we exist as independent selves at the center of a subjective universe?Question 24. Why does Professor Tom Oliver claim that the material "us"is constantly changing?Question 25. How can we solve pressing environmental and societal problems according to Professor Tom Oliver?。
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以下是店铺精⼼准备的英语六级听⼒真题原⽂,⼤家可以参考以下内容哦! Section A 11. W: Did you use credit cards on your vacation last month in Europe? M: Sure I did. They certainly beat going around with a wallet full of big bills. But carrying lots of cash is still very common among some older people traveling abroad. Q: What does the man say about some elderly people? 12. W: Rod must be in a bad mood today. What’s wrong with him? M: He was passed over in the selection process for the dean of the admissions office. He’d been hoping for the position for a long time. Q: What does the man mean? 13. M: What a great singer Justin is! His concert is just awesome. And you’ll never regret the money you paid for the ticket. W: Yeah. Judging by the amount of the applause, everyone was enjoying it. Q: What does the woman mean? 14. W: I received an email yesterday from Henry. Do you remember? He was one of the chairpersons of our students union. M: Yes, but I haven’t heard from him for ages. Actually I’ve been out of touch with him since our first reunion after graduation. Q: What do we learn about the speakers? 15. M: Driving at night always makes me tired. Let’s stop for dinner. W: Fine. And let’s find a motel, so that we can get an early start tomorrow. Q: What will the speakers probably do? 16. W: Let’s look at the survey on consumer confidence we conducted last week. How reliable are these figures? M: They have a 5% margin of error Q: What are the speakers talking about? 17. W: Look at this catalogue, John. I think I want to get this red blouse. M: Err, I think you’ve already one like this in blue. Do you need every color in the rainbow? Q: What does the man mean? 18. W: This notice says that all the introductory marketing classes are closed. M: That can’t be true. There’s supposed to be 13 of them this semester. Q: What does the man mean? Conversation One M: I see on your resume that you worked as a manager of a store called “Computer Country”. Could you tell me a little more about your responsibilities there? W: Sure. I was responsible for overseeing about 30 employees. I did all of the ordering for the store, and I kept track of the inventory. M: What was the most difficult part of your job? W: Probably handling angry customers. We didn’t have them very often, but when we did, I needed to make sure they were well taken care of. After all, the customer is always right. M: That’s how we feel here too. How long did you work there? W: I was there for three and a half years. I left the company last month. M: And why did you leave? W: My husband has been transferred to Boston. And I understand your company has an opening there too. M: Yes, that’s right. We do. But the position won’t start until early next month. Would that be a problem for you? W: No, not at all. My husband’s new job doesn’t begin for a few weeks. So we thought we would spend some time driving to Boston and stop to see my parents. M: That sounds nice. So tell me, why are you interested in this particular position? W: I know that your company has a great reputation, and a wonderful product. I’ve thought many times that I would like to be a part of it. When I heard about the opening in Boston, I jumped to the opportunity. M: Well I’m glad you did. 19. What was the woman’s previous job? 20. What does the woman say was the most difficult part of her job? 21. Why is the woman looking for a job in Boston? 22. When can the woman start to work if she gets the job? Conversation Two W: Today in the studio we have Alberto Cortez, the well-known Brazilian advocate of the anti-global movement. He’s here to talk about the recent report, stating that by 2050 Brazil will be the one ot the word’s wealthiest and most successful countries. Alberto, what do you say to the report? M: You know this isn’t the first time that people are saying Brazil will be a great economic power. The same thing was said over a hundred year ago. But it didn’t happen. W: Yes, but you must admit the world’s a very different place now. M: Of course. In fact I believe there’s maybe some truth in the prediction this time around. First of all, though, we must remember the problems facing Brazil at the moment. W: Such as…? M: There’s an enormous gap between the rich and the poor in this country. In Sal Paulo, you can see shopping malls full of designer goods right next door to the slam areas without proper water and electricity supplies. A lot of work needs to be done to help people in those areas improve their lives. W: What needs to be done? M: Education, for example. For Brazil to be successful, we need to offer education to all Brazilians. Successful countries like South Korea and Singapore have excellent education systems. Brazil needs to learn from these countries. W: So you are hopeful for the future. M: As I said earlier, I’m hopeful. This isn’t an easy job. We need to make sure that these important opportunities for Brazil aren’t wasted, as they were in the past. 23. What does the recent report say about Brazil? 24. What problem does Alberto say Brazil faces now? 25. What does Alberto say about economically successful countries? Section B Passage One Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker. After graduating from college with degrees in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana. As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters. She found many families were being exposed high, sometimes deadly, levels of chemicals and other toxic substances, but she was not allowed to make her information public. Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own company, and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests, interpret test results, and organize for change. Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the country have been cleaned up, and one chemical industry spokesperson calls her “a top gun for the environmental movement.” How has Wilma Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training, partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. “Public speaking,” she says, “is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people.” If you had asked Subra before 1981, “Do you see yourself as a major public speaker?” She would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than 100 presentations a year. Along the way she has lectured at Harvard, testified before Congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan. 26. What did Wilma Subra do as part of her job while working at Gulf South Research Institute? 27. What did Wilma Subra leave her job in 1981? 28. What results have Wilma Subra’s efforts had in the part two decades? 29. What does the speaker say has contributed to Wilma Subra’s success? Passage 2 One of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today is the rapid advance of globalization. The market place is no longer national or regional, but extends to all corners of the world. And this requires a global ready workforce. Universities have a large part to play in preparing students for the 21st century labor market by promoting international educational experiences. The most obvious way universities can help develop global workforce is by encouraging students to study abroad as part of their course. Students who have experienced another culture first hand are more likely to be global ready when they graduate. Global workforce development doesn’t always have to involve travel abroad however. If students learn another language and study other cultures, they will be more global ready when they graduate. It is important to point out that students also need to have a deep understanding of their own culture before they can begin to observe, analyze and evaluate other cultures. In multi-cultural societies, people can study each other’s cultures, to develop intercultural competencies, such as critical and reflective thinking, and intellectual flexibility. This can be done both through the curriculum and through activities on campus, outside of the classroom, such as art exhibitions, and lectures from international experts. Many universities are already embracing this challenge, and providing opportunities for students to become global citizens. Students themselves, however, may not realize that when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market, and universities need to raise awareness of these issues amongst undergraduates. Questions 30-32 Q30: What is one of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today? Q31: What should students do first before they can really understand other cultures? Q32: What should college students realize according to the speaker? Passage 3 To see if hair color affects a person’s chances of getting a job, researchers at California State University asked 136 college students to review the resume and photograph of a female applicant for a job as an accountant. Each student was given the same resume. But the applicant’s picture was altered, so that in some photos her hair was golden, in some red and in some brown. The result? With brown hair, the woman was rated more capable, and she was offered a higher salary than when she had golden or red hair. Other studies have found similar results. Many respondents rate women with golden hair with less intelligent than other people, and red heads as more temperamental. Women with red or golden hair are victims of the common practice of stereotyping. A stereotype is a simplistic or exaggerated image that humans carrying in their minds about groups of people. For example, lawyers are shrewd and dishonest is a popular stereotype. Stereotyping can occur in public speaking classes. When trying to choose a speech topic, some males think that women are uninterested in how to repair cars, while some females think that men are uninterested in creative hobbies, such as knitting and needle point. We should reject stereotypes, because they force all people in a group into the same simple pattern. They fail to account for individual differences, and the wide range of characteristics among members of any group. Some lawyers are dishonest, yes! But many are not. Some women are uninterested in repairing cars, yes! But some are enthusiastic mechanics. Questions 33-35 Q33: What did researchers at California State University find? Q34: What is the popular stereotype of lawyers? Q35: Why does the speaker say we should reject stereotypes? Section C The ancient Greeks developed basic memory systems called mnemonics. The name is derived from their Goddess of memory "Mnemosyne". In the ancient world, a trained memory was an immense asset, particularly in public life. There were no convenient devices for taking notes, and early Greek orators delivered long speeches with great accuracy because they learned the speeches using mnemonic systems. The Greeks discovered that human memory is largely an associative process that it works by linking things together. For example, think of an apple. The instant your brain registers the word "apple", it recalls the shape, color, taste, smell and texture of that fruit. All these things are associated in your memory with the word "apple". This means that any thought about a certain subject will often bring up more memoriesthat are related to it. An example could be when you think about a lecture you have had. This could trigger a memory about what you're talking about through that lecture, which can then trigger another memory. Associations do not have to be logical. They just have to make a good link. An example given on a website I was looking at follows, "Do you remember the shape of Austria? Canada? Belgium? Or Germany? Probably not. What about Italy though? If you remember the shape of Italy, it is because you have been told at some time that Italy is shaped like a boot. You made an association with something already known, the shape of a boot. And Italy shape could not be forgotten once you had made the association."【英语六级听⼒真题原⽂】。
⼤学英语六级听⼒考试原⽂(完整版) ⼤学英语四六级考试如何备考是每个考⽣都会关注的⼀个问题,以下是店铺为⼤家搜索整理的⼤学英语六级听⼒考试原⽂(完整版),希望能给⼤家带来帮助! Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. M: I don’t know what to do. I have to drive to Chicago next Friday for my cousin’s wedding, but I have got a Psychology test to prepare for. W: Why don’t you record your notes so you can study on the way? Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 12. M: Professor Wright, you may have to find another student to play this role, the lines are so long and I simply can’t remember them all. W: Look, Tony. It is still a long time before the first show. I don’t expect you to know all the lines yet. Just keep practicing. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 13. M: Hello, this is Dr. Martin from the Emergency Department. I have a male patient with a fractured ankle. W: Oh, we have one bed available in ward 3, send him here and I will take care of him. Q: What are the speakers talking about? 14. W: Since Simon will graduate this May, the school paper needs a new editor. So if you are interested, I will be happy to nominate you. M: Thanks for considering me. But the baseball team is starting up a new season. And I’m afraid I have a lot on my hands. Q: What does the man mean? 15. W: Have you heard the news that Jame Smeil has resigned his post as prime minister? M: Well, I got it from the headlines this morning. It’s reported that he made public at this decision at the last cabinet meeting. Q: what do we learn about Jame Smeil? 16. W: The morning paper says the space shuttle is taking off at 10 a.m. tomorrow. M: Yeah, it’s just another one of this year’s routine missions. The first mission was undertaken a decade ago and broadcast live then worldwide. Q: what can we infer from this conversation? 17. M: We do a lot of camping in the mountains. What would you recommend for two people? W: You’d probably be better off with the four real drive vehicle. We have several off-road trucks in stock, both new and used. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 18. W: I hear you did some serious shopping this past weekend. M: Yeah, the speakers of my old stereo finally gave out and there was no way to repair them. Q: What did the man do over the weekend? Conversation One W: Now, could you tell me where the idea for the business first came from? M: Well, the original shop was opened by a retired printer by the name of Gruby. Mr Gruby being left-handed himself, thought of the idea to try to promote a few products for left-handers. W: And how did he then go about actually setting up the business? M: Well, he looked for any left-handed products that might already be on the market which were very few. And then contacted the manufactures with the idea of having products produced for him, mainly in the scissors range to start with. W: Right. So you do commission some part of your stock. M: Yes, very much so. About 75 percent of our stock is specially made for us. W: And the rest of it? M: Hmm, the rest of it now, some 25, 30 years after Mr. Gruby’s initial efforts, there are more left-handed product actually on the market. Manufactures are now beginning to see that there is a market for left-handed products. W: And what’s the range of your stock? M: The range consists of a variety of scissors from children scissors to scissors for tailors, hairdressers etc. We also have a large range of kitchen ware. W: What’s the competition like? Do you have quite a lot of competition? M: There are other people in the business now in specialists, but only as mail-order outlets. But we have a shop here in central London plus a mail-order outlet. And we are without any doubt the largest supplier of the left-handed items. Q19: What kind of business does the man engaged in? Q20: What does the man say about his stock of products? Q21: What does the man say about other people in his line of business? Conversation Two M: Can we make you an offer? We would like to run the campaign for four extra weeks. W: well, can we summarize the problem from my point of view? First of all, the campaign was late. It missed two important trade affairs. The ads also did not appear into key magazines. As a result, the campaign failed. Do you accept that summary of what happened? M: well, the delay wasn’t entirely our fault. You did in fact make late changes to the specifications of the advertisements. W: Uh, actually, you were late with the initial proposals so you have very little time and in fact, we only asked for small changes. M: Well whatever, can we repeat our offer to run the campaign for 4 extra weeks? W: That’s not really the point. The campaign missed two key trade affairs. Because of this, we are asking you either to repeat the campaign next year for free, or we only pay 50% of the fee for this year. M: Could we suggest a 20% reduction to the fee together with the four week sustention to the campaign. W: We are not happy. We lost business. M: I think we both made mistakes. The responsibility is on both sides. W: Ok, let’s suggest a new solution. How about a 40% cut in fee, or a free repeat campaign? M: Well, let’s take a break, we’re not getting very far. Perhaps we should think about this. 22: What do we learn about the man’s company? 23: Why was the campaign delayed according to the man? 24: What does the woman propose as a solution to the problem? 25: What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation? Section B Passage One The University of Tennessee’s Walters Life Sciences building, is a model animal facility, spotlessly clean, careful in obtaining prior approval for experiments from an animal care committee. Of the 15,000 mice house there in a typical year, most give their lives for humanity. These are good mice and as such won the protection of the animal care committee. At any given time however some mice escape and run free. These mice are pests. They can disrupt experiments with the bacteria organisms they carry. They are bad mice and must be captured and destroyed. Usually, this is accomplished by means of sticky traps, a kind of fly paper on which they become increasingly stuck. But the real point of the cautionary tale, says animal behaviorist Herzau, is that the labels we put on things can affect our moral responses to them. Using stick traps or the more deadly snap traps would be deemed unacceptable for good mice. Yet the killing of bad mice requires no prior approval. Once the research animal hits the floor and becomes an escapee, says Herza, its moral standard is instantly diminished. In Herzau’s own home, there was more ironic example when his young son’s pet mouse Willy died recently, it was accorded a tearful ceremonial burial in garden. Yet even as they mourned Willy, says Herzau, he and his wife were setting snap traps to kill the pest mice in their kitchen with the bare change in labels from pet to pest, the kitchen mice obtained totally different moral standards Questions: 26, What does the passage say about most of the mice used for experiments? 27, Why did the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroyed? 28, When are mice killed without prior approval? 29, Why does the speaker say what the Herzau’s did at home is ironical? Passage Two There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuter — the city that is swallowed up by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last, the city of final destination, the city that has a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York's high-strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness; natives give it solidity and continuity; but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference: each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. What does the speaker say about the natives of New York? 31. What does the speaker say commuters give to New York? 32. What do we learn about the settlers of New York? Passage Three “If you asked me television is unhealthy”, I said to my roommate Walter, as I walked into the living room.“While you are sitting passively in front of the TV set, your muscles are turning to fat, your complexion is fading, and your eyesight is being ruined.” “Shh~”Walter put his finger to his lips, “This is an intriguing murder mystery.” “Really?” I replied. “But you know, the brain is destroyed by TV viewing. Creativity is killed by that box. And people are kept from communicating with one another. From my point of view, TV is the cause of the declining interest in school and the failure of our entire educational system.” “Ah ha, I can’t see your point.” Walter said softly. “But see? The woman on the witness stand in this story is being questioned about the murder that was committed one hundred years ago.” Ignoring his enthusiastic description of the plot, I went on with my argument. “As I see it,” I explained, “not only are most TV programs badly written and produced, but viewers are also manipulated by the mass media. As far as I am concerned, TV watchers are cut off from reality from nature, from the other people, from life itself! I was confident in my ability to persuade. After a short silence, my roommate said, “Anyway, I’ve been planning to watch the football game. I am going to change the channel.” “Don’t touch that dial!” I shouted, “I wanted to find out how the mystery turns out!” I am not sure I got my point to cross. Questions 33- 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. As the speaker walked into the living room, what was being shown on TV? 34. What does the speaker say about watching television? 35. What can we say about the speaker? Section C Compound Dictation In the past, one of the biggest disadvantages of machines has been their inability to work on a micro scale. For example, doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to detect health problems or to perform delicate surgery. Repair crews did not have a way of identifying broken pipes located deep within a high-rise apartment building. However, that’s about to change. Advances in computers and biophysics have started a micro miniature revolution that allows scientists to envision and in some cases actually build microscopic machines. These devices promise to dramatically change the way we live and work. Micromachines already are making an impact. At Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, research scientists have designed a 4-inch silicon chip that holds 700 tiny primitive motors. At Lucas Nova Sensor in Fremont, California, scientists have perfected the world’s first microscopic blood-pressure sensor. Threaded through a person’s blood vessels, the sensor can provide blood pressure readings at the valve of the heart itself. Although simple versions of miniature devices have had an impact, advanced versions are still several years away. Auto manufacturers, for example, are trying to use tiny devices that can sense when to release an airbag and how to keep engines and breaks operating efficiently. Some futurists envision nanotechnology also being used to explore the deep sea in small submarine, or even to launch finger-sized rockets packed with micro miniature instruments. “There is an explosion of new ideas and applications,” So, when scientists now think about future machines doing large and complex tasks, they’re thinking smaller than ever before.【⼤学英语六级听⼒考试原⽂(完整版)】。
大学英语六级听力真题原文大学英语六级听力真题原文Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Sec on ADirec ons: In this sec on, you will hear two long conversa ons. At the end of each conversa on, you will hear some ques ons. Both the conversa on and the ques ons will be spoken only once. A er you hear a ques on, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding le er on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Conversa on OneM: Tonight, we have a very special guest (1) Mrs. Anna Sanchez is a three me Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge Mrs. Sanchez, thank you for joining us.W: Thank you for having me. M: Let ’s start with your book. What does the tle To the Edge mean? What are you referring to?W: (2) The book is about how science and technology has helped push humans to the edge of their physical abili es. I argue that in the past 20 years, we have had the best athletes the world has ever seen.M: But is this a fair comparison? How do you know how, say, a football player from 50 years ago would compare to one today?W: Well, you are right. That comparison would be perhapsimpossible to make. But the point is more about our knowledge today of human biochemistry, nutri on, and mechanics. (3) I believe that while our bodies have not changed in thousands of years. what has changed is the scien fic knowledge. This has allowed athletes to push the limits of what was previously thought possible.M: That’s interes ng. Please tell us more about these perceivedlimits.W: The world is seen sports records being broken that could only bebroken with the aid of technology. Whether this be the speed of a tennisserve or the fastest me in a hundred meter dash or 200 meterswimming race.M: (4) Is there any concern that technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over others?W: That is an interes ng ques on. And one that has to be considered very carefully. Skis, for example, went from being made of wood to a metal alloy which allows for be er control and faster speed. There is no stopping technological progress. But, as I said, each situa on should be considered carefully on a case by case basis.Ques on 1: What do we learn about Anna Sanchez?Ques on 2: What is the woman’s book mainly about?Ques on 3: What has changed in the past thousands of years?Ques on 4: What is the man’s concern about the use of technologyin sports compe ons?Conversa on TwoW: I’ve worked in interna onal trade all my life. My father did so to be for me. So 1 guess you could say it runs in the family.M:What products have you worked with?W:All sorts, really. I’ve imported tex les, machinery, toys, solar panels, all kinds of things over the years. Trends and demand come and go. (5) So one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry.M:I see what goods are you trading now?W:I now import furniture from China into Italy and foods from Italy into China.(6)I even use the same container.It’s a very efficient way of conduc ng trade.M:The same container. You mean you own a 40 foot cargo container?W:Yeah, that’s right. (7)I have a warehouse in Genoa over Italy and another in Shanghai. I source mid century modern furniture from different factories in China. It’s very good value for money. I collet it all in my warehouse and then dispatch it lo my other warehouse in Italy. Over there I do the same, but with Italian foods instead of furniture, things like pasta, cheese, wine, chocolates. And I send all that to mywarehouse in China in the same freight container I use for the furniture.M:So I presume you sell both lines of products wholesale in each respec ve country.w:Of course. I possess a network of clients and partners in both countries. That’s the main benefit of having done this for so long. I’ve made great business contacts over me.M:How many mes do you ship?W: 1 did 12 shipments last year, 18 this year, and I hope to grow to around 25 next year. Thar’s both ways there and back again. Demand for authen c Italian food in China is growing rapidly. And similarly, sales of affordable, yet stylish wooden furniture are also increasing in Italy.(8)Furniture is marginally more profitable, mostly because it enjoyslower customs du es.Ques on 5: What docs the woman think is required to be successfulin interna onal trade?Ques on 6: What does the woman say is special about her way ofdoing trade?Ques on 7: What docs the woman have in both Italy and China?Ques on 8: What does the woman say makes furniture marginallymore profitable?Sec on BDirec ons: In this sec on, you will hear two passages. At the end ofeach passage, you will hear some ques-- ons. Both the passage and the each passage, you will hear some quesques ons will be spoken only once. A er you hear a ques on, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) .Then mark the corresponding le er on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the center.Passage OneToo many people view their jobs as as day prison, which they areparoled every Friday, says Joel Goodman, founder of the humor project,a humor consul ng group in Saratoga springs, New York. (9) Humorunlocks the office prison because it lets adults bring. some of theirchildlike spirit to the job, according to Howard Pollio, professor of psychology at the university of Tennessee Knoxville. And office with humor breaks is an office with sa sfied and produc ve employees.(10) Polio conducted a study that proved humor can help workers Excel at rou ne produc on tasks. Employees perform be er when they have fun. In large corpora ons with a hierarchy of power, there is o en no outlet for stress. Every company needs underground ways of poking fun at the organiza on, says Lynn and Mark, a speaker on workplace humor for saint Mary’s health center in saint Louis.Kodak Rochester, New York branch, discovered a way for its 20000 employees to uncork their bo led up resentments. There 1000 square foot humor room features a toy store. Among the rooms, many stress reducing gadgets, the main a rac on is a boss doll with detachable arms and legs. (11) Employees can take the doll apart as long a they put its arms and legs buck in place.Sandy Cohan, owner of a graphic print produc on business, created the quote board to document the bizarre phrases people say when under strict deadlines, when you’re on distress, you say stupid things, says Cohen. Now we just look at each other and say that’s one for the quote board.Ques ons9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Ques on 9. What docs the passage say about humor in the workplace?Ques on 10. What does the study by Howard Polio show?Ques on 11. What can codex employees do in the humor room?Passage Two(12)Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice The news was made known by Rockefeller university gene cist Jeffrey Friedman. The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells organism how fat or full it is(13)Those with he changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fa y ssue. and thus can’t tell when tostop ea ng.The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly iden cal to themouse obesity gene in humans. The opera on of this gene in humanshas not yet been demonstrated, however. (14)S ll professionals like university of Vermont psychologist Eyster Ross Bloom reacted enthusias cally. This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight, just as they are to have a par cular skin color or height. Actually, behavioral gene cists believe that less than half of the total weight varia on is programmed in the genes, while height is almost en rely gene cally determined. Whatever role genes play Americans are ge ng fa er.A survey by the center for disease control found that obesity has increased greatly over the last 10 years. (15)Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors like the abundance of rich foods in Americans overea ng. The center for disease control has also found that teens are far less physically ac ve than they were even a decade ago. Excep ng that weight is predetermined, can relieve guilt for overweight people. But people’s belief that they cannot control theirweight can itself contribute t0 obesity.Ques ons 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Ques on 12. What does the speaker say has aroused public interest?Ques on 13. What do we learn about the changed gene?Ques on 14. What does university of Vermont psychologist Eyster Ross Bloom say?Ques on 15. What accounts for Americans obesity according to a survey by the center for disease ontrol?Sec on CDirec ons: In this sec on, you will hear three recordings of lecturesques-- ons. The recordings will be or talks followed by three or four quesplayed only once. A er you hear a ques on, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding le er on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Recording OneQuali es of a rela onship such as openness, compassion and mental s mula on, or of concern to most of us regardless of sex. Butjudging from the ques onnaire response, they are more important to women than to men. Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship, women rated these quali es above all others. (16) Men assigned a lower priority to them in favor of similarity and interest, Selected by 77% of men and responsiveness in a crisis, chosen by 61% of male respondents, mental s mula on ranked 3rd in popularity by men as well as women was the only area of overlap. Among men, only 28% named openness as an important quality.Caring was picked by just 23%. (17) It is evident by their selec ons that when women speak of close friendships. they are referring to emo onal factors. While men emphasized the pleasure they find in a friend’s company, that is, when a man speaks of a friend, he is likely to be talking about someone he does things with, a teammate, a fellow hobbyist, a drinking buddy. These ac vi es are the fabric of the friendship. It is a doing rela onships in which similarity in interests is the key bond. This factor was a considera on of less than 11% of women. Women opt for a warm emo onal atmosphere where communica on flows freely. Ac vity is mere background.Lastly, men, as we have seen, have serious ques ons about each other’s loyalty. Perhaps this is why they placed such strong emphasis onresponsiveness in a crisis. Someone I can call on for help. Women, as their tes monies indicate, are generally more secure with each other and consequently are more likely to treat this issue lightly. In follow up interviews, this was confirmed numerous mes. As woman a er woman indicated that being there when needed was taken for granted. (18) As for the hazards of friendship. more than a few rela onships have been sha ered because of cu hroat compe on and feelings of betrayal. This applies t both men and women, but unequally in comparison, nearlytwice as many men complained about these issues as women. Further, while compe on and betrayal are the main thorns to female friendship: men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two addi onal issues lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly. Obviously, for a man, a good friendship is hard to find.Ques on 16: What quality do men value most concerningfriendship according to a ques onnaire esponse?Ques on 17: What do women refer to when speaking of closefriendships?Ques on 18: What may threaten a friendship for both men andwomen?Recording Two(19) The par al skeletons of more than 20 dinosaurs and sca ered bones of about 300 more have been discovered in Utah and Colorado at what is now the Dinosaur Na onal Monument. Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museums of natural history in the larger ci es of the United States, and Canada. This dinosaur pit is the largestand best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today. (20) Many people get the idea from the mass of bones in the pit wall that some disaster, such as volcanic explosion or a sudden flood. killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area. This could have happened, but it probably did not.The main reasons for thinking otherwise, other sca ered bones andthe thickness of the deposit in other deposits where the animals werethought to have died together, the skeletons were usually complete and o en all the bones were in their proper places. Rounded pieces of fossil bone have been found here. These fragments got their smooth, round shape by rolling along the stream bo om. In a mass killing, the bones would have been le on the stream or lake bo om together at the same level. But in this deposit, the bones occur throughout a zone of sandstone about 12 feet thick.The mixture of swamp dwellers and dry land types also seems to indicate that the deposit is a mixture from different places. The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard-not a place where they died. (21) Most of the remains probably floated down eastward flowing river un l they were le on a shallow sandbar. Some of them may have come from faraway dry land areas to the west. Perhaps they drowned trying to cross a small stream, all washed away during floods. Some of the swampdwellers may have got stuck in the very sandbar that became their grave. Others may have floated for miles before being stranded.Even today, similar events take place: When floods come in thespring, sheep, ca le, and deer are o en trapped by rising waters ando en drown. Their dead bodies float downstream un l the flood recedes,and leaves them stranded on a bar or shore where they lie, half buried inthe sand un l they decay, Early travelers on the Missouri River reported that shores and bars o en lined with the decaying bodies of buffalo that had died during spring floods.Ques on 19: Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens befound in North America?Ques on 20: What occurs to many people when they see the massive bones in the pit wall?Ques on 21: What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit?Recording ThreeI would like par cularly to talk about the need to develop a new style of aging in our own society. (22)Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parents the way they would have in the old country. And this is true. (23) But i is also true that old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy. So we live alone, perhaps on the verge of starva on, in me without fiends. But we arc independent. This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group. Although there are many groups for whom the ideal is not prac cal, it is a poor ideal and pursuing it docs a great deal of harm. This ideal of independence also contains a tremendous amount of unselfishness.In talking to today ’s young mothers, I have asked them what kind of grandmothers they think they are going to be. I hear devoted lovingmothers say that when they are through raising their children, they have no inten on of becoming grandmothers. (24) They are astonished to hear that in most of the world. throughout most of its history, families have been three or four genera on-families Jiving under. the same roof.over--emphasized the small family uni—father, mother, small We have overchildren. We think it is wonderful if grandma and grandpa, if they’re s ll alive, can live alone. We have reached the point where we think the only thing we can do for our children is to stay out of their way. The only thing we can do for our daughter in law is to see as li le of her as possible. (25) Old people’s nursing homes. even the best one. are filled with older people who believe the only thing they can do for their children is to look cheerful when they come to visit So in the end. older people have to devote all their energies to not being a burden.We are beginning to see what a tremendous price we’ve paid for our emphasis on independence and autonomy. We’ve isolated old people and we’ve cut off the children from their grandparents. One of the reasons we have as bad a genera on gap today as we do is that grandparents have stepped out. Young people are being deprived of the thing they need most: perspec ve to know why their parents behave so peculiarly and why their grandparents say the things they do.Ques on 22: What have young Americans been accused of?Ques on 23: What does the speaker say about old people in the United States?Ques on 24: What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewedby the speaker?Ques on 25: What does the speakers say older people try their bestto do?。
2023年12月六级听力真题原文及答案Section A ConversationsShort Conversations11.M: The biological project is now in trouble. You know, my colleague and I have completely different ideas about how to proceed.W: Why don’t you compromise? Try to make it a win-win situation for you both.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?12.M: How does Nancy like the new dress she bought in Rome?W: She said she would never have bought an Italian style dress if she had known Mary had already got such a dress.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?13.M: You are not going to do all those dishes before we leave, are you? If we don’t pick up George and Martha in 25 minutes, we’ll never get to the theater on time.W: Oh, didn’t I tell you? Martha called to say he r daughter was ill and they could not go tonight.Q: What is the woman probably going to do first?14.M: You’ve been hanging onto the phone for quite a while. Who were you talking with?W: Oh, it was Sally. You know she always has the latest news in town and can’t wait to talk it over with me.Q: What do we know about Sally from the conversation?15:W: It’s always been hard to get this car into first gear and nowthe clutch seems to be sleeping.M: If you leave the car with me, I’ll fix it for yo u this afternoon.Q: Who is the woman probably speaking to?16.M: Kate, why does the downtown area look deserted now?W: Well, there used to be some really good stores, but lots of them moved out to the mall.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?17.W: I find the lounge such a cozy place to study in. I really likethe feeling when sitting on the sofa and doing the reading.M: Well for me the hardest part about studying here is staying awake.Q: What does the man mean?18:W: These mosqu ito bites are killing me. I can’t help scratching.M: Next time you go camping, take some precaution, say, wearing long sleeves.Q: Why does the man suggest the woman wear long sleeves?Long ConversationsConversation 1M: Hello and welcome to our pro gram “Working Abroad”. Our guest this evening is a Londoner who lives and works in Italy. Her name is Susan Hill. Susan, welcome to the program. You live in Florence. How long have you been living there?W: Since 1982, but when I went there in 1982, I planned to stay for only 6 months.M: Why did you change your mind?W: Well, I’m a designer. I design leather goods, mainly shoes and handbags. Soon after I arrived in Florence, I got a job with one of Italy’s top fashion houses, Ferragamo. So I decided to stay.M: How lucky! Do you still work for Ferragamo?W: No, I’ve been a freelance designer for quite a long time now. Since 1988, in fact.M: So, does that mean you design for several different companies now?W: Yes, that’s right. I’ve designed many fa shion items for a number of Italian companies. And in the last 4 years, I’ve also been designing for the British company, Burberrys.M: What have you been designing for them?W: Mostly handbags and small leather goods.M: How has fashion industry in Italy changed since 1982?W: Oh, yes, it has become a lot more competitive, because thequality of products from other countries has improved a lot, but Italian quality and design is still world famous.M: And do you ever think of returning to live in England?W: No, not really. Working in Italy is more interesting, I also love the Mediterranean sun and the Italian life style.M: Well, thank you for talking to us, Susan.W: It was a pleasure.19. Where does this talk most probably take place?20. What was the woman’s original plan when she went to Florence?21. What has the woman been doing for a living since 1988?22. What do we learn about the change in Italy’s fashion industry?Conversation 2M: So, Claire, you are into drama.W: Yes, I’ve a master’s degree in Drama and Theater. At the moment I am hoping to get onto a PHD program.M: What excites you about drama?W: I find it’s a communicative way to study people and you learn how to read people in drama. So usually I can understand what people are saying, even though they might be lying.M: That would be useful.W: Yeah, it’s very useful for me as well. I am an English lecturer, so I use a lot of drama in my classes, such as role-plays. And I ask my students to create mini-dramas. They really respond well. At the moment I am hoping to get onto a PHD course. I would like to concentrate on Asian drama and try to bring Asian theater to the world attention. I don’t know how successful I will be, but here is hoping.M: Oh, I’m sure you will b e successful. Now, Claire, what do you do for stage fright?W: Ah, stage fright. Well, many actors have that problem. I get stage fright every time I am going to teach a new class. The night before, I usually can’t sleep.M: What? For teaching?W: Yes! I get really bad stage fright, but the minute I step intothe classroom or get onto the stage, it just all falls into place. Then I just feel like “Yeah, this is what I mean to do.” and I am fine.M: Well, that’ cool.23. Why does woman find studying drama and theatre useful?24. How did the woman student respond to her way of teaching English?25. What does the woman say about her stage fright?Section B Short PassagesPassage OneIn January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network, extending from Sweden to Sicily and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2023. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the timethey take today. Brussels will be only one and half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane.When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line, totally new high-speed lines, with trains operatingits speeds of 300kms per hour; upgraded lines, which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kms per hour and existing lines, for local connections and distribution of freight. If business people can choose between a 3-hour train journey from city center to citycenter and 1-hour flight, they'll choose the train, said anexecutive travel consultant. They won't go by plane anymore. If you calculate flight time, check in and travel to and from the airport, you’ll find almost no difference and if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.Since France introduced the first 260-km per hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to90 percent of their passengers to high speed trains. If peopleaccept the community of European Railways’ plan, the 21st centurywill be the new age of the train.Questions 26-29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What is the proposal presented by the Community of the European Railways?27. What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?28. Why will business people prefer a 3-hour train journey to a 1-hour flight?29. When did France introduce the first high speed train service?Passage TwoWestern doctors are beginning to understand what traditional healers have always known that the body and the mind are inseparable. Until recently, modern urban physicians heal the body, psychiatrists the mind and priests the soul. However, the medical world is now paying more attention to holistic medicine, which is an approach based on a belief that people’s state of mind can make them sick or speed the recovery from sickness.Several studies show that the effectiveness of a certain drug often depends on the patients expectations of it. For example, in onerecent study, psychiatrists at a major hospital try to see how patients could be made calm. They divided them into two groups; one group was given a drug while the other group received a harmless substance instead of medicine without their knowledge. Surprisingly, more patients in the second group showed the desired effects than those in the first group.In study after study, there is a positive reaction in almost one third of the patients taking harmless substances. How is this possible? How can such a substance have an effect on the body? Evidence from a 1997 study at the University of California showsthat several patients who receive such substances were able to produce their own natural drug, that is, as they took the substance, their brains released natural chemicals that act like a drug. Scientists theorize that the amount of these chemicals released by a person’s brain quite possibly indicates how much faith the person has in his or her doctor.Questions 30-32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. According to the speaker, what are western doctors beginning to understand?31. What does the recent study at a major hospital seem to prove?32. What evidence does the 1997 study of the University ofCalifornia produce?Passage ThreeSo we’ve already talked a bit about the growth of extreme sport s like rock-climbing. As psychologists, we need to ask ourselves “Why is this person doing this?”, “Why do people take these risks and put themselves in danger when they don’t have to?” One commontrait among risk-takers is that they enjoy strong feelings or sensations. We call this trait “sensation seeking”. A sensation-seeker is someone who is always looking for new sensations. What else do we know about sensation seekers? Well, as I said, sensation-seekers like strong emotions. You can see this trait in many parts of a person’s life not just in extreme sports. For example, many sensation seekers enjoy hard rock music. They like the loud sound and strong emotions of the songs. Similarly, sensation-seekers enjoy frightening horror movies. They like the feeling of being scared and horrified while watching the movie. This feeling is even strongerfor extreme sports where the person faces real danger. Sensation-seekers feel that danger is really exciting. In addition, sensation-seekers like new experiences that force them to push their personal limits. For them, repeating the same things everyday is boring. Manysensation-seekers choose jobs that involve risk, such as starting a new business or being an Emergency Room doctor. These jobs are different everyday, s o they never know what will happen. That’s why many sensation-seekers also like extreme sports. When you do rock-climbing, you never know what will happen. The activity is always new and different.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.33. According to the speaker, what is a common trait among risk-takers?34. What do sensation-seekers find boring?35. What is the speaker’s profession?Section CCompound DictationIf you are like most people, you’ve indulged in fake listenin g many times. You go to history class, sitting in the third row, and look squarely at the instructor as she speaks, but your mind is far away, floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. Occasionally, you comeback to earth. The instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard and you dutifully copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a witty remark causing others in the class to laugh; you smile politely, pretending that you’ve heard the remark and found it mildly humorous. You have a vague sense of guilt that you aren’t paying close attention, but you tell yourself that any material you miss can be picked up from a friend’s notes. Besides, the instructor is talking about road construction in ancient Rome and nothing could be more boring. So back you go into your private little world. Only later do you realize you’ve missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you are merely pretending to listen. Your blank expression and far-away look in your eyes are the cues that betray your inattentiveness. Even if you are not exposed, there is another reason to avoid fakery. It’s easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply-rooted that they automatically start daydreaming when the speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting. As a result, they miss lots of valuable information.。
2010年12月英语六级听力原文完整版Section A短对话(11~18)11W: This is one of our best and least expensive two-bedroom listings. It‘s located in a quiet building and it‘s close to bus lines.M: That may be true. But look at it, it‘s awful, the paint has peeled off and the carpet is worn and the stove is ancient.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?12M: The pictures we took at the botanical garden should be ready tomorrow.W: I can‘t wait to see them, I‘m wondering if the shots I took are as good as I thought.Q: What is the woman eager to know?13W: The handle of the suitcase is broken. Can you have it fixed by next Tuesday?M: Let me see, I need to find a handle that matches but that shouldn‘t take too long.Q: What does the man mean?14M: This truck looks like what I need but I‘m worried about maintenance. For us it‘ll have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures.W: We have several models that are especially adaptive for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them?Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?15M: I think your boss would be very upset when he gets your letter of resignation.W: That may be so. But in the letter, I just told him frankly I could no longer live with his poor management and stupid decisions.Q: What do we learn about the woman?16W I‘d like to exchange the shirt. I‘ve learned that the person I bought it for is allergic to wool.M Maybe we can find something in cotton or silk. Please come this way.Q;What does the women want to do?17M: Excuse me, Miss?Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag? Y ou know, it‘s a birthday gift for my wife.W: Let me see. Oh, we‘ve got quite a lot of women‘s bags here. Can you give me more detailed information, such as its color, the size and the trademark?Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?18M What are you going to do with the old house you inherited from your grandfather?W I once intended to sell it, but now, I‘m thinking of turning it into a guest house, because it's still a solid structure.Q: What does the man plan to do with his old house?长对话(19~25)W: When you write a novel, do you know where you‘re going, Dr. James?M: Y es, you must, really, if you‘re writing the classical detective story, because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesn‘t mean to say I always get it right, but I do plan before I begin writing. But what is so fascinating is how a book changes during the process of writing. It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation, really, rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense.W: When you‘re planning the basic structure, do you like to go away to be sure that you‘re by yourself?M: I need to be by myself certainly, absol utely. I can‘t even bear anybody else in the house. I don‘t mind much where I am as long as I‘ve got enough space to write, but I need to be completely alone.W: Is that very important to you?M: Oh, yes. I‘ve never been lonely in all my life.W: How extraordinary! Never?M: No, never.W: Y ou‘re very lucky. Someone once said that there‘s a bit of ice at the heart of every writer.M: Y es. I think this is true. The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening. There is this ‗detachment‘ and I realize that there are obviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone. But very often, a writer can appear to stand aside, and this detachment makes people feel there‘s a bit of ice in the heart.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?21. What does the man say about writers?W: There is an element there about co mpetition then, isn‘t there? Because British railways are a nationalized industry. There‘s only one railway system in the country. If you don‘t like a particular kind of big beans, you can go and buy another. But if you don't like a particular railway, you can‘t go and use another.M: Some people who write to me say this. They say that if you didn‘t have a monopoly, you wouldn‘t be able to do the things you do. Well, I don‘t think we do anything deliberately to upset our customers. We have particular problems. Since 1946, when the Transport Act came in, we were nationalized.W: Do you think that‘s a good thing? Has it been a good thing for the railways, do you think, to benationalized?M: Oh I think so, yes. Because in general, modes of transport are all ar ound. Let‘s face the fact. The car arrived. The car is here to stay. There is no question about that.W: So what are you saying then? Is it if the railways happen being nationalized, they would simply have disappeared?M: Oh, I think they would have. They‘re disappearing fast in America. Er, the French railways lose 1 billion pounds a year. The German railways, 2 billion pounds a year. But you see, those governments are preparing to pour money into the transport system to keep it going.W: So in a sense, yo u cope between two extremes. On the one hand, you‘re trying not to lose too much money. And on the other hand, you‘ve got to provide the best service.M: Y es, you are right.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What does the woman say about British railways?23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?Section BPassage OneAmong global warming‘s most frightening threats is the prediction that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New Y ork to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded. Scientists agree that the key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock well below the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is. Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the west Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published last week in Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and the California Institute of Technology who drill deep holes near the edge of the ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which suggest that the region was once an open ocean, not solid ice. As Herman Engelhard, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, ‗the West Antarctic ice sheet disappeared once and can disappear again.‘26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?27. What did scientists disagree on?28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?29. What does the scientists‘ latest finding suggest?Passage TwoIt's always fun to write about research that you can actually try out for yourself.Try this: Take a photo and upload it to Facebook, then after a day or so, note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it. Come back a month later and see if the link works. Chances are: It will.Facebook isn't alone here. Researchers at Cambridge University have found that nearly half of the social networking sites don't immediately delete pictures when a user requests they be removed. In general, photo-centric websites like Flickr were found to be better at quickly removing deleted photos upon request.Why do "deleted" photos stick around so long? The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites: While your personal computer only keeps one copy of a file, large-scale services like Facebook rely on what are called content delivery networks to manage data and distribution. It's a complex system wherein data is copied to multiple intermediate devices, usually to speed up access to files when millions of people are trying to access the service at the same time. But because changes aren't reflected across the content delivery networks immediately, ghost copies of files tend to linger for days or weeks.In the case of Facebook, the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused, which is usually "after a short period of time", though obviously that time can vary considerably.30. What does the speaker ask us to try out?31. What accounts for the failure of some websites to remove photos immediately?32. When will the unwanted data eventually disappear from Facebook according to the company?Passage ThreeEnjoying an iced coffee? Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards, with a cancer charity warning that some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks, Café Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer.The worst offender - a coffee from Starbucks -- had 561 calories. Other iced coffees contained more than 450 calories and the majority had an excess of 200.Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2,000 calories a day and aman about 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight. Dieters aim for 1,000 to 1,500 calories a day."The fact that there is an iced coffee on the market with over a quarter of a woman's daily calories allowance is alarming," Dr Rachel Thompson, science program manager at London-based WCRF, said in a widely-reported statement."This is the amount of calories you might expect to have in an evening meal, not in a drink."The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented if people lost their excess weight with growing evidence that excess body fat increases the risk of various cancers."If you are having these types of coffee regularly then they will increase the chances of you becoming overweight, which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer, as well as other diseases such as heart disease." she added.33. What warning did some health experts give?34. What does the author suggest people do after they have an iced coffee?35. What could British people expect if they maintain a normal body weight according to the WCRF?Section CPsychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in rounds as diverse as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs, and coping with tragic illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope, is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks. ‗Hope has proven a powerful predictor of outcome in every study we've done so far,‘ said Doctor Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist, who has devised a scale to assess how much hope a person has. For example, in research with 3920 college students, Doctor Snyder and his colleagues found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more accurate predictor of their college grades, than were their SA T scores or their grade point averages in high schoo l, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance. ‗Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,‘ Doctor Snyder said. ‗When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic ac hievements, what sets them apart is hope.‘ In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Doctor Snyder went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right. ‗That notion is not concrete enough and it blurs two key components of hope,‘ Doctor Snyder said, ‗Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.‘2010年06月英语六级听力原文完整版Section AShort Conversation11. M: Oh, I‘m so sorry I forgot to bring a long the book you borrowed from the library.W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won‘t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?Q: What do we learn from this conversation?12. W: Doctor, I haven‘t been able to get enough sleep lately, and I‘m too tired to concentrate in class.M: Well, you know, spending too much time indoors with all that artificial lighting can do that to you. Y our body loses track of whether it‘s day or night.Q: What does the man imply?13. M: I think I‘ll get one of those new T-shirts, you know, with the school‘s logo on both the front and the back.W: Y ou‘ll regret it. They are expensive, and I‘ve heard the printing fades easily when you wash them.Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: I think your article in the school newspaper is right on target, and your viewpoints have certainly convinced me.M: Thanks, but in view of the general responses, you and I are definitely in the minority.Q: What does the man mean?15. M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to her again?W: Well, if I were you, I‘d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?16. M: Would you please tell me where I can get batteries for this brand of camera?W: Let me have a look. Oh, yes, go down this aisle, pass the garden tools, you‘ll find them on the shelf next to the light bulbs.Q: What is the man looking for?17. M: Our basketball team is playing in the finals but I don‘t have a ticket. I guess I‘ll just watch it on TV. Do you want to come over?W: Actually I have a ticket. But I‘m not feeling well. Y ou can have it for what it cost me.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18. M: Honey, I‘ll be going st raight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?W: Sure, it‘s the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Long ConversationsConversation 1M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.W: So you are not sure which to go for?M: That‘s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very dif ferent: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the Language School is only offering a year‘s contract, and that‘s a definite minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.W: I see. So it‘s much less secure. But you don‘t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.M: That‘s true.W: What about the salaries?M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I‘ll be getting the equivalent of about 22,000 pounds a year there, but only 20,000 pounds at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I‘d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administration, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.W: Mmm…M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children‘s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting. And I‘d imagine you‘d be doing quite a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.M: Y es, whereas with the Polytechnic positi on, I‘d be stuck in the school all day.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language School?Conversation 2Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.W: Good evening, Edward.M: Hello Tina.W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later. Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.W: So how did he get into acting?M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting. In 1951 he moved to New Y ork to do more stage acting.W: Then when did his movie career really start?M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that wasabout teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.W: So how many more movies did he make?M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard:Q22 What is the woman doing?Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?Q25 What do we learn about James Dean from the conversation?Section BPassage 1The time is 9 o‘clock and this is Marian Snow with the news.The German authorities are sending investigators to discover the cause of the plane crash late yesterday on the island of Tenerife. The plane, a Boeing 737, taking German holiday makers to the island crashed into a hillside as it circled while preparing to land. The plane was carrying 180 passengers. It‘s thought there are no survivors. Rescue workers are at the scene.The British industrialist James Louis, held by kidnappers in Central Africa for the past 8 months, was released unharmed yesterday. The kidnappers had been demanding 1 million pounds for the release of Mr. Louis. The London Bank and their agents who had been negotiating with the kidnappers have not said whether any amount of money has been paid.The 500 UK motors workers who had been on strike in High Town for the past 3 three weeks went back to work this morning. This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hour and conditions. A spokesman for the management said that they‘d hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost a lot of money and orders over this dispute.And finally the weather. After a cold start, most of the country should be warm and sunny. But towards late afternoon, rain will spread from Scotland to cover most parts by midnight.Questions 26 – 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q26 What does the news say about the Boeing 737 plane?Q27 What happened to British industrialist James Louis?Q28 How did the 3-week strike in High Town end?Q29 What kind of weather will be expected by midnight in most parts of the country?Passage 2Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology. Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language.As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, ―How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?‖ Since he wa s speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811. If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates‘ attention.Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of earthquakes and carefully avoided technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming fold lines, so his classmates wouldn‘t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. ―Stop me,‖ he said, ―any time I say something you don‘t understand.‖ Juan‘s roommate stopped him four times. And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience.Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?Q32 What did Juan ask his roommate to do when he was making his trial speech?Passage 3Esperanto is an artificial language, designed to serve internationally as an auxiliary means of communication among speakers of different languages. It was created by Ludwig Lazar Zamenhof, a Polish Jewish doctor specialized in eye diseases. Esperanto was first presented in 1887. An international movement was launched to promote its use. Despite arguments and disagreements, the movement has continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries.Esperanto is used internationally across language boundaries by at least 1 million people, particularly in specialized fields. It is used in personal contexts, on radio broadcasts and in a number of publications as well as in translations of both modern works and classics. Its popularity has spread form Europe, both east and west, to such countries as Brazil and Japan. It is, however, in China that Esperanto has had its greatest impact. It is taught in universities and used in many translations, often in scientific or technological works. EL POPOLA CHINIO, which means ―From People‘s China‖, is a monthly magazine in Esperanto and is read worldwide. Radio Beijing‘s Esperanto program is the most popular program in Esperanto in the world.Esperanto‘s vocabulary is drawn primarily from Latin, the Romance languages, Engl ish and German. Spelling is completely regular. A simple and consistent set of endings indicates grammatical functions of words. Thus for example, every noun ends in ―o‖, every adjective in ―a‖, and the basic form of every verb in ―i‖. Esperanto also has a highly productive system of constructing new words from old ones.Questions 33 – 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q33 What does the speaker tell us about Esperanto?Q34 What is said about the international movement to promote the use of Esperanto?Q35 What does the speaker say about Esperanto in China?Section CGeorge Herbert Mead said that humans are "talked into" humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are. "Y ou're intelligent." "Y ou're so strong." We first see ourselves through the eyes of others. So their messages form important foundations of our self-concepts. Later, we interact with teachers, friends, romantic partners and co-workers who communicate their views of us. Thus, how we see ourselves reflects the views of us that others communicate.The profound connection between identity and communication is dramatically evident in children who are deprived of human contact. Case studies of children who are isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severelyhindered by lack of language.Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity, but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. Consistently, research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease, and early death. People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. A group of researchers reveal scores of studies that trace the relationship between health and interaction with others. The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that loneliness harms the immune system, making us more vulnerable to a range of miner and major illnesses.2009年12月英语六级真题听力原文(完整版)Section A 对话部分11.W: Did you use credit cards on your vacation last month in Europe?M: Sure I did. They certainly beat going around with a wallet full of bills. But carrying lots of cash is still very common among some older people traveling abroad.Q: What does the man say about some elderly people?12.W: Rod must be in a bad mood today. What‘s wrong with him?M: He was passed over in the selection process for the dean of the admission‘s office. He‘d been hoping for the position for a long time.Q: What does the man mean?13.M: What a great singer Justin is! His concert is just awesome.And you‘ll never regret the money you paid for the ticket.W: Yeah. Judging by the amount of the applause, everyone was enjoying it.Q: What does the woman mean?14.W: I received an email yesterday from Henry. Do you remember? He was one of the chairpersons of our students union.M: Yes, but I haven‘t heard from him for ages. Actually I‘ve been out of touch with him since our first reunion after graduation.Q: What do we learn about the speakers?15.M: D riving at night always makes me tired. Let‘s stop for dinner.W: Fine. And let‘s find a motel, so that we can get an early start tomorrow.Q: What will the speakers probably do?16.W: Let‘s look at the survey on consumer confidence we conducted last week. How reliable are these figures?M: They have a 5% margin of errorQ: What are the speakers talking about?17.W: Look at this catalogue, John. I think I want to get this red blouse.M: Err, I think you‘ve already one like this in blue. Do you need every c olor in the rainbow?Q: What does the man mean?18.W: This notice says that all the introductory marketing classes are closed.M: That can‘t be true. There‘s supposed to be 13 of them this semester.Q: What does the man mean?Conversation OneM: I see on your resume that you worked as a manager of a store called ―Computer Country‖. Could you tell me a little more about your responsibilities there?W: Sure. I was responsible for overseeing about 30 employees. I did all of the ordering for the store, and I kept track of the inventory.M: What was the most difficult part of your job?。
学英语简单吗?肯定会有许多学生说:“难死了〞。
为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢?答案只有一个:“不得法。
〞英语与汉语一样都是一种语言,为什么你说汉语会如此流利?那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中,假设你在伦敦呆上半年,保准说起英语来会非常流利。
但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境,那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境,坚持“多说〞、“多听〞、“多读〞、“多写〞,那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。
一、多“说〞。
自己多创造时机与英语教师多讲英语,见了同学,尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候,谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典,遇到生词时查一下这些生词,也不用刻意去记,用的多了,这个单词自然而然就会记住。
千万别把学英语当成负担,始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。
或许你有时机碰上外国人,你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼,和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪,婚史等私人问题。
尽量用一些你学过的词汇,句子去和他谈天说地。
不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。
因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇,而且不太看重说法,你只要发音准确,准能顺利地交流下去。
只是你必需要有信心,敢于表达自己的思想。
假设没有适宜的伙伴也没关系,你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象,对它谈你一天的所见所闻,谈你的快乐,你的悲伤等等,长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的进步。
二、多“听〞寻找一切可以听英语的时机。
别人用英语交谈时,你应该大胆地去参与,多听听各种各样人的发音,男女老少,节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到,假设这样的时机少的话,你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听,这将会对你帮助很大,而你去听学过的课文的磁带,那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。
三、多“读〞。
“读〞可以分为两种。
一种是“默读〞。
每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你进步阅读速度有很大的好处,读的内容可以是你的课本,但最好是一些有趣的小读物,因为如今的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。
每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系,所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后,你必定会在高考中胜券在握。
另一种是“朗读〞这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。
四、多“写〞有的同学总是抱怨时间紧,根本没时间写作文。
其实“写〞的形式很多,不一定就写作文才进步写作才能。
比方写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情,或当天学了某一个词组,你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。
这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法,又可以锻炼你的写作才能,比方学“wish〞一词时,可写一小段如下:The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.只几句话:但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上,这样写下来印象会深化得多,这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。
学习英语不用花大块的时间,10分钟的漫步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说,睡前听几分钟英语,可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语,你的英语成绩肯定会很快进步的。
背英语单词技巧1、循环记忆法艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库,人脑经历过的事物,考虑过的问题,体验过的情感和情绪,练习过的动作,都可以成为人们记忆的内容。
例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子,甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。
从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的,这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。
有很多人在学习英语的过程中,只注重了学习当时的记忆效果,孰不知,要想做好学习的记忆工作,是要下一番工夫的,单纯的注重当时的记忆效果,而无视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。
在信息的处理上,记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程,从信息处理的角度上,英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。
人的记忆的才能从生理上讲是非常惊人的,它可以存贮1015比特(byte,字节)的信息,可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%,还有更多的记忆发挥空间。
这是因为,有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果,却无视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的结实度问题,那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。
一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909),他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后,记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一,而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。
根据我们所知道的,记忆的保持在时间上是不同的,有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。
而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的:输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后,便成为了人的短时的记忆,但是假设不经过及时的复习,这些记住过的东西就会遗忘,而经过了及时的复习,这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆,从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。
那么,对于我们来讲,怎样才叫做遗忘呢,所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来,也不能回忆起来,或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆,这些都是遗忘。
艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的,他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。
他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节,也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合,比方asww,cfhhj,ijikmb,rfyjbc等等。
他经过对自己的测试,得到了一些数据。
然后,艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线,这就是非常有名的提醒遗忘规律的曲线:艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线,图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量,横轴表示时间(天数),曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。
这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的,遗忘的进程不是平衡的,不是固定的一天丢掉几个,转天又丢几个的,而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快,后来就逐渐减慢了,到了相当长的时候后,几乎就不再遗忘了,这就是遗忘的开展规律,即"先快后慢"的原那么。
观察这条遗忘曲线,你会发现,学得的知识在一天后,如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)。
随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢,遗忘的数量也就减少。
有人做过一个实验,两组学生学习一段课文,甲组在学习后不久进展一次复习,乙组不予复习,一天后甲组保持98%,乙组保持56%;一周后甲组保持83%,乙组保持33%。
乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。
二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线而且,艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现,记住12个无意义音节,平均需要重复次;为了记住36个无意义章节,需重复54次;而记忆六首诗中的480个音节,平均只需要重复8次!这个实验告诉我们,但凡理解了的知识,就能记得迅速、全面而结实。
不然,愣是死记硬背,那也是费力不讨好的。
因此,比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料,而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气,在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。
因此,艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线,而且是对无意义的音节而言,对于与其他材料的比照,艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线,不过他们大体上都是一致的。
因此,艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理,学习要勤于复习,而且记忆的理解效果越好,遗忘的也越慢。
三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线--个性化的艾宾浩斯上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后,产生了不同的记忆数据,从而生成的一种曲线,是一个具有共性的群体规律。
此记忆曲线并不考虑承受试验个人的个性特点,而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。
但是记忆规律可以详细到我们每个人,因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同,可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。
规律对于自然人改造世界的行为,只能起一个催化的作用,假设与每个人的记忆特点相吻合,那么就如顺水扬帆,一日千里;假设与个人记忆特点相悖,记忆效果那么会大打折扣。
因此,我们要根据每个人的不同特点,寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线2?如何学英语下定决心,坚持不懈英语学习作为一门语言技能,通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。
一般地说,英语学习的原那么是听、说领先,读、写跟上。
李扬的疯狂英语提倡,首先建立起我能学好英语的信心,然后以句子为单位,大量地模拟,疯狂地操练,大声地朗读,最后到达自如地说英语,他的方法对进步说英语的才能很奏效。
钟道隆教授45岁开始学英语,一年后,学成出国当口语翻译,并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。
他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法,他的方法强调以听为主,并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。
尤其是他的学习精神最可佳,他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机,你可想象他听了多少英语;用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐,你可想象他写了多少,在一年半内,累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时,也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。
假设我们做到他那样,一定也能学好英语。
最重要的是坚持,只要能下定决心,坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语,战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。
注意方法,循序渐进决心下定,还注意学习方法,有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的,选择不同的学习方法,但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。
要把根底知识掌握好,也就是说,发音要正确、根本词汇要掌握牢、根本句式要纯熟、根本语法要会用。
〔1〕要过好语音关。
把每一个音标发正确,注意改正有问题的音素,特别是那些容易混淆的音素,尽早地掌握国际音标,并尽量的掌握一些读音规那么,尽快地能利用读音规那么来拼单词,掌握读音规那么对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。
〔2〕掌握一定数量的英语单词。
对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关,学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握,要注意单词的一词多义,一词多类的用法,要学会一些构词法的知识,来扩展词汇量。
学习单词要在语言材料中去学,要结合词组,通过句子,阅读文章来活记单词,死记的单词是记不牢的。
坚持在读、说前,先反复听,听的时候反响单词、句子的意思和节奏,想一下单词的拼法、句子构造。
并要同学习语法规那么有机结合起来进展。
〔3〕掌握好根本语法。
语法在学习英语中也很重要,它能帮助我们把握住英语的根本规律,通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规那么要记住,活的规那么要通过做大量的练习掌握。
总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进展操练,不但要注意数量,更重要的是要注意质量,尤其是根本知识要掌握的准确,纯熟。
只有经过大量的理论,才能做到熟能生巧,运用自如。