2018年6月六级翻译

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】It is universally acknowledged that trust is one of the most valuable assets for interpersonal communication. However, it is not uncommon to have misunderstanding and generation gap between teachers and students. with the current trend of communication becoming necessary and indispensable in this ever-changing modern society, building trust is of great significance.In order to set up the credibility between teachers and students, on the one hand, as teachers, weshould sincerely deal with the students’ problems and difficulties, comprehending their necessities.On the other hand, as students, it is necessary that more understanding and respect should begiven. Becoming good friends to have the trans-positional consideration each other canbuilda harmonious atmosphere.Only in this way, would the relationship of trust between teachers and students be established effectively. When students encounter the difficulties and problems, they would be willing to turn to their respected teachers, whereby the education development in our country could have a further step.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)暂缺选项PartⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 that they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31 , be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled intoone--or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, thiswould allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to read a good book.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.A)amassedB)casualC)emotionalD)enablingE)eventuallyF)exaggeratedG)extravagantH)generouslyI)misleadingJ)preciousK)rewardL)smartM)sphereN)terrifiedO)venture【参考答案】26. D. enabling27. A. amassed28. N.terrified29. L. smart30. F. exaggerated31. E. eventually32. C. emotional33. B. casual34. J. precious35. O. ventureSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled （尽力应付）cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church’s youth group and drama team. I didn’t drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige,one with a name. It didn’t have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be “top school.”B) Looking back now, nine year s later, I can’t remember exactly what it was about these universities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe. “I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition,” notes Marybeth Gasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. “I don’t necessarily think that’s a reason to go to one.”C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bit snobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculums to be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University’s (NYU) campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed. (NYU is consistently ranked one of the country’s most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $64,000 a year.) Up until then, I hadn’t truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over the next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn’t evenafford the ones where I’d been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY), Rutgers University, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating my college search was a flourishing stack career—I wanted to keep running but my ti mes weren’t quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.D) And so, at 11pm on the night of Georgia State University’s (GSU) midnight deadline, I applied online. Rated No.466 overall on Forbes’ Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in Research Universities, and No. 108 in the South, I can’t say it was my top choice. Still, the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New York City.E) While it may have been practical, it wasn’t prestigious, But here’s the thing: I loved my “lower-tier” (低层次的) university. (I use the term “low-tier” cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, whereelse can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt?F) My school didn’t come pre-packaged like the more popular options, so we were left to take care of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championi ng for us to succeed in. What I’m saying is, I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by alottery-funded scholarship called HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born.H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors have more glamorous alma maters（母校）than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU,Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I’ve ever had was due to a connection—one that I’ve gained through pure determination, not a school brand.I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor’s in 2012 have an average monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that’s the thing universities don’t want to admit. Private universities are money-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that’s your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates; namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and arésumé boost. But you needn’t attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE’s first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school. And lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger,because fellow alumni recognize that you didn’t necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that, like them., you are also full of energy and perseverance.K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates, who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.L) Likewise, star faculty is not always found where you’d expect. Big name schools are not necessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.M) It’s possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it’s no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic,college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars.N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I’d still make the same choice. Today I’m debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can’t predict what you’ll find on the inside.36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a university to attend.39. A recent study found that a graduate’s salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.41. None of the author’s job interviewers cared which college she went to.42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.【参考答案】46. [J] 题干：Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.47. [G] 题干：The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.48. [C] 题干：The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a university to attend.49. [K] 题干：A recent study found that a graduate’s salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.50. [B] 题干：The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.51. [H] 题干：None of the author’s job interviewers cared which college she went to.52. [N] 题干：The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.53. [A] 题干：In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.54. [E] 题干：The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.55. [I] 题干：Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, andcompensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economicwell-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The Frenchtake longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of theearly-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-lifechanges could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?A) It is based on questionable statistics.B) It reflects the economic changes.C) It evidences the improved welfare.D) It provides much food for thought.47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.C) It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economicwell-being.48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B) It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A）It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.B) It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economicwell-being.C) It can diagno se the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.D) It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.50. What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported sincemid-2000s.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.暂缺。

2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay commenting on the importance of building trust between teachers and students.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.Youshould write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A).She advocates animal protection.B).She sells a special kind of coffee.C).She is going to start a cafe chain.D).She is the owner of a special cafe.2.A).They bear a lot of similarities.B).They are a profitable business sector.C).They cater to different customers.D).They help take care of customers'pets.3.A).By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B).By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.C).By placing them at a safe distance from customers.D).By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4.A).They want to learn about rabbits.B).They like to bring in their children.C).They love the animals in her cafe.D).They give her cafe favorite reviews. Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A).It contains too many additives.B).It lacks the essential vitamins.C).It can cause obesity.D).It is mostly garbage.6.A).Its fancy design.B).TV commercials.C).Its taste and texture.D).Peer influence.7.A).Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.B).Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C).Trying to trick children into buying their products.D).Offering children more variable to choose from.8.A).They hardly ate vegetables.B).They seldom had junk food.C).They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D).They like the food advertised on TV.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A).Stretches of farmland.B).Typical Egyptian animal farms.C).Tombs of ancient rulers.D).Ruins left by devastating floods.10.A).It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B).It is hardly associated with great civilizations.C).It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.D).It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.11.A).It carries about one fifth of the word'fresh water.B).It has numerous human settlements along its banks.C).It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.D).It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A).Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B).We are always in a rush to do various things.C).The search for tranquility has become a trend.D).All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.13.A).She had trouble balancing family and work.B).She enjoyed the various social events.C).She was accustomed to tight schedules.D).She spent all her leisure time writing books.14.A).The possibility of ruining her family.B).Becoming aware of her declining health.C).The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.D).Reading a book about slowing down.15.A).She started to follow the cultural norms.B).She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.C).She learn to use more polite expressions.D).She stopped using to-do lists and calendars. Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A).They will root out native species altogether.B).They contribute to a region's biodiversity.C).They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.D).They will crossbreed with native species.17.A).Their classifications are meaningful.B).Their interactions are hard to define.C).Their definitions are changeable.D).Their distinctions are artificial.18.A).Only a few of them cause problems to nativespecies.B).They may turn to benefit the local environmentC).Few of them can survive in their new habitats.D).Only10percent of them can be naturalized.Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A).Respect their traditional culture.B).Attend their business seminars.C).Research their specific demands.D).Adopt the right business strategies.20.A).Showing them your palm.B).Giving them gifts of great value.C).Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.D).Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.21.A).They are very easy to satisfy.B).They have a strong sense of worth.C).They trend to friendly and enthusiastic.D).They have a break from2:00to5:30p.m. Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A).He completely changed the company's culture.B).He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C).He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D).He had the company’s boardroom extensively renovated.23.A).It should be sold at a reasonable price.B).Its articles should be short and inspiring.C).It should be published in the world's leading languages.D).Its articles should entertain blue-and pink-collar workers.24.A).He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B).He served as a church minster for many years.C).He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D).He treated the employees like members of his family.25.A).It carried many more advertisements.B).George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.C).Several hundred of its employees got fired.D).Its subscriptions increased considerably.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write“Mary's Little Lamb,”the eternal nursery rhyme(儿歌)about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb?This is still dispute,but it’s clear that the woman26for writing it was one of America's most fascinating27_.In honor of the poem's publication on May24，1830，here’s more about the 28author's life.Hale wasn’t just a writer,she was also a29social advocate,and she was particularly30_with an ideal New England,which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had“a deep moral influence.”she began a nationwide31to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together whilecelebrating the32festivals.In1863,after17years of advocacy including letters to five presidents，Hale got it.setting aside the last Thursday in November for President Abraham Lincoln,during the Civil War,issued a33the holiday.The true authorship of“Mary’s Little Lamb”is disputed..According to New England Historical Society,Hale wrote only one part of the poem,but claimed authorship.Regardless of the author,it seems that the poem was 34by a real event.When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in1816,it caused some problems.A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event,then,at some point,Hale herself seems35of to have helped write it.However,if a1916piece by her great-niece is to be trusted,Hale claimed for theher life that“Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”.A).campaign B).careerC).characters D).featuresE).fierce F).inspiredG).latter H).obsessedI).proclamation J).rectifiedK).reputed L).restM).supposed N).traditionalO).versatileSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Grow Plants Without Water[A].Ever since humanity began to farm our own food,we've faced the unpredictable rain that is bothfriend and enemy.It comes and goes without much warning,and a field of lush(茂盛的)leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next.Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain,and nowhere more so than in Africa,where96%of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places.It has consequences:South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a quarter of its com crop this year.[B].Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty ofanswers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall.She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops.As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places,those answers will grow even more valuable."The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry,"Farrant says.[C].Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants.In the rusty red deserts of South Africa,steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth.The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era,scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements.Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world,a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.[D].Farrant calls them resurrection plants(复苏植物).During months without water under a harsh sun.They wither,shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves.But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours.Her time-lapse(间歇性拍摄的)videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.[E].The big difference between"drought-tolerant"plants and these tough plants:metabolism.Manydifferent kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells.Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought;others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies.But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply,they cease growing and start to die.They may be able to handle a drought of some length,and many people use the term "drought tolerant"to describe such plants,but they never actually stop needing to consume water,so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.[F].Resurrection plants,defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than0.1grams of waterper gram of dry mass,are different.They lack water-storing structures,and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater,so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism.When they detect an extended dry period,they divert their metabolisms,producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues.As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey,then rubber,and finally enter a glass-like state that is"the most stable state that the plant can maintain,"Farrant says.That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues.The plants also change shape,shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate.They can recover from months and years without water,depending on the species.[G].What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick?Seeds-almost all of them.At the start of her career,Farrant studied.recalcitrant seeds(执拗性种子),"such as avocados,coffee and lychee.While tasty, such seeds are delicate--they cannot bud and grow if they dry out(as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit).In the seed world,that makes them rare,because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust.Most seeds can wait out the dry,unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout(发芽).Yet once they start growing,such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.[H].After completing her Ph.D.on seeds,Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible toisolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient(迅速恢复活力的)and transfer them to other plant tissues.What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants'response to dryness.Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants.Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops."Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,"Farrant says."We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."[I].Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw,they willhave to find the best way to do so in useful crops."I'm trying three methods of breeding,"Farrant says: conventional,genetic modification arid gene editing.She says she is aware that plenty of people donot want to eat genetically modified crops,but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works.Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever versionprevails:"I'm giving people an option."[J].Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model.Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments,botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species.The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far,with a draft genome(基因图谱)published last year by a Chinese team.Also last year,Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa,a tough-as-nail south African plant with lily-like flowers,and she says that a genome is on the way.one or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots.[K].Understanding the basic science first is key.There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already.For instance,there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism.It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety."The yield is never going to be high,"Farrant says,so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cashout of high-yield fields,but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa."My vision is for the subsistence farmer,"Farrant says."I'm targeting crops that are of African value.".36.There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.37.Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.38.Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature,especially inconsistent rainfall.39.Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.40.Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather,they cannot survive a prolonged drought.41.Despite consumer resistance,researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.42.Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe,but once this process starts,it cannot be held back.43.Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that call survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.44.By adjusting their metabolism,resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.45.Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.Section CDirections：There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centrepassage oneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Human memory is notoriously unreliable.Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering.No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall,for example,but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands-based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines aren't limited this way,Give the right computer a massive database of faces,and it can process what it sees-then recognize a face it's told to find-with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the2lst century. It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is,machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition.And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are.To begin to figure out how computers are struggling,researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces-they call it MegaFace-and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms(算法)as they scaled up in complexity.The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to1 million different images of nearly700,000different people-and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces,more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew,machine accuracy dipped across the board.Algorithms that were right 95%of the time when they were dealing with a13,000-image database,for example,were accurate about70%of the time when confronted with1million images.That's still pretty good,says one of the researchers,Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman."Much better than we expected,"she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike-either doppelgangers(长相极相似的人),whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people,or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting,whom themachine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up,algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting,pose,age,"Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is,for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges,massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist--at least,not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers.Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private.There are no public databases that contain millions of faces.MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset,”the researchers wrote.pared with human memory,machines can.A)identify human faces more efficientlyB)tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC)store an unlimited number of human facesD)perceive images invisible to the human eye47.Why did researchers create MegaFace?A)To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition databaseB)To increase the variety of facial-recognition softwareC)To understand computers'problems with facial recognitionD)To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms48.What does the passage say about machine accuracy?A)It falls short of researchers'expectations.B)It improves with added computing power.C)It varies greatly with different algorithms.D)It decreases as the database size increases.49.What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machines?A)They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B)They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressionsC)They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's moodD)They have problems distinguishing people of the same age50.What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?A)No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human facesB)There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samplerC)There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samplesD)They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.There’re currently21.5million students in America,and many will be funding their college on borrowed money.Given that there's now over$1.3trillion in student loans on the books,it's prettyapproaches$40,000,and as college becomes ever more expensive,calls to make it"free"are multiplying.Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college,"Costs won't be a barrier."But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time,the buildings required no maintenance,and campuses required no utilities.As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college.If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans,shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime.If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees,students should only study those subjects that’re of greatest benefit to taxpayers.After all,students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place.We simply don't need more poetry,gender studies,or sociology majors.How do we know which subjects benefit society?Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have.Certainly,there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform.But if we're talking about the benefits to society,the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society.And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers,however,doesn't mean elementary education isn’t important.It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile,there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major,so the value of one more of those people is very highSo we can have taxpayers pick up students'tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study.Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves.But in the end,one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't.If yes,taxpayer financing isn't needed If not taxpayer financing isn't desirable.Either way,taxpayers have no business paying for students' college education.51.What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans?A)They only expect to get huge returns.C)They benefit at taxpayers expense.B)They are acting in an irrational way.D)They will regret doing so someday.52.In the author's opinion,free college education is.A)impractical B)unsustainableC)a goal to strive for D)a way to social equality53.What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs?A)Work even harder to repay society.B)Choose their subjects more carefully.C)Choose majors that will serve society's practical need.D)Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.54.What does the author say about the value of a student's college education?A)It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.B)It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.C)It is well reflected in their average starting salary.D)It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.55.What message does the author want to convey in the passage?A)Students should think care fully whether to go to collegeB)Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.C)The worth of a college education is open to debate.D)College students should fund their own education..Part I Translation(30minutes) Directions：For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。

2018年6月丨六级翻译1翻译第一套：过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言，是件奢侈的事。

如今，私家车在中国随处可见。

汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游。

有些城市的汽车增长速度过快，以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻，这些城市的市政府不得不出台新规，限制上路汽车的数量。

由于空气污染日益严重，现在越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车，中国政府也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展。

基础版：In the past, owning a private car was a luxury thing for most Chinese. Nowadays, private cars can be seen everywhere in China. Car has become an integral part of people's life: They not only drive to and from work, but also drive outside. The number of cars in some cities is growing so rapidly thattrafficjams and the problem of insufficient parking space are becoming more and more serious. The municipal government of these cities have to develop some new rules to limit the number of cars on the road. As air pollution gets more serious, now more and more people choose to buy new energy vehicles. The Chinese government has taken some measures to support the development of new energy vehicles.升级版：A private car used to be a luxury for most Chinese, but now it is ubiquitous across China. People commute and travel by car, making it an integral part of their daily life. Spikes in car ownership have resulted in more prevalent traffic gridlock and inadequate parking space in some cities, which has prompted localgovernments to roll out new rules to rein in the number of cars on the road. Worsening air pollution has also led a growing number of people to buy new energy vehicles(NEVs). As such, the Chinese government has taken some meaningful steps to support the development of NEVs.解析：（1）过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言，是件奢侈的事。

2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第1套）Part I Writing审题思路：这是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文。

此次话题——雇主与雇员之间的信任是日常生活中经常提及的话题，因此写起来应该并不难。

考生应该将重点放在第二段阐述雇主与雇员彼此信任带来的益处上，如相互信任有助于提高员工的工作热情和工作效率；有利于营造愉悦的工作氛围；有益于公司和个人的发展及进步。

高分范文：高分范文精彩点评The Importance of Building Trust BetweenEmployers and Employees①It is an undeniable fact that trust can lay a solid foundation for commercial activities.②Therefore,building trust between employers and employees plays a crucial role in boosting a company’s development.③To begin with,as the saying goes,the best bosses understand the art of delegation.If a boss believes in his people and try his best to delegate instead of micromanage,this belief can drive him to create an environment where employees would have more passion for work and work more efficiently.④Next,with trust,employers and employees can achieve consensus,build harmonious cooperation and have effective communication, which help to create a pleasant working atmosphere.⑤In addition,not surprisingly,building trust between the two parties can directly promote the growth of the company and indirectly spur continuous development of the individuals.⑥Taking into account what we have discussed above,we may safely arrive at a conclusion that it is sensible for both employers and employees to keep in mind that mutual trust contributes to realizing a win-win situation.引出话题：信任是一切商业活动的基础。

Conversation 1M: What’s all that? Are you going to make a salad?男：这都是什么？你要做沙拉吗？W: No, I’m going to make a gazpacho.女：不是，是西班牙冷菜汤。

M: What’s that?男：是个啥？W: (1) Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain. It’s mostly vegetables. I guess you can call it a liquid salad.女：是西班牙的一种冷汤。

有很多种蔬菜。

你可以叫它液体沙拉。

M: Cold soup? Sounds weird.男：冷菜汤？听起来有些怪。

W: It’s delicious. Trust me! I tried it for the first time during my summer vacation in Spain. You see, in the south of Spain, it gets very hot and summer, up to 42 degrees Celsius, so a cold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato, cucumber, bell peppers, olive oil and stale bread.女：很好吃呢，相信我！我在西班牙的暑假第一次尝试做。

在西班牙南部，夏天很热，有42度，所以冷菜汤很带劲哦~主要的成分有西红柿，黄瓜，灯笼椒，橄榄油和陈面包。

M: Stale bread? Surely you mean bread for dipping into the soup?男：陈面包？是把面包浸泡在汤里吗？W: (2) No. bread is crushed and blended in, like everything else. It adds texture and thickness to the soup.女：不是，面包会被压碎然后混合进去，和其它的材料一样。

2018年大学英语六级翻译试题：孔子4篇2018年大学英语六级翻译试题：孔子4篇第一篇请将下面这段话翻译成英文：孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人.儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上.冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底.参考译文Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.第二篇请将下面这段话翻译成英文：孔子孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。

相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。

在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质(temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。

他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。

他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。

他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。

2018年6月英语六级第二套听力原文翻译Conversation1M:(1)Tonight we have a special guest from the local establishment the Prage Café. Welcome.男：今晚，我们迎来一位特殊的嘉宾，她来自本地的普拉格咖啡店，欢迎。

W:Hi,thanks for having me on your show.女：大家好，谢谢您的邀请。

M:Thank you for joining us.So please tell us why do decide to open a café.男：谢谢您的到来。

请问为什么您要开张一家咖啡店呢？W:Well,we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments.Cafe certainly is a very competitive market sector.(2)There are more than plenty in our city,and we thought they are all rather similar to each other.Wouldn’t you agree?女：因为我们看到了自己人无我有的优势。

咖啡市场的竞争很激烈。

我们城市的咖啡店很饱和。

不过我认为它们之间相似度有些高，您觉得是吗？M:Certainly yes.So how is your establishment any different?男：确实。

所以你的咖啡有何不同呢？W:Well,simply put,we have rabbits wandering freely around the place;our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks,while little rabbits play about and brush against their legs.There is no other place like it.女：简单地说，我们的咖啡店有小兔兔。

2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第3套）Part I Writing审题思路：这是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文。

此次话题——企业和消费者之间的信任是考生日常生活中熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不难。

考生应该将重点放在第二段阐述企业和消费者之间建立信任的重要性上，并联系三鹿奶粉事件分析企业失信带来的严重后果。

全文翻译：企业和消费者之间建立信任的重要性如今，在日趋商业化和数字化的时代背景下，企业和消费者之间相互信任的关系显得尤为重要。

在我看来，企业在这种信任关系的建立中应该起主导作用：对消费者诚实。

首先，如果企业失信于消费者，那么消费者就会对其商品和服务缺乏购买信心，这将会给企业带来巨大的经济损失。

更严重的是，失信带来的不良副作用会危及企业的发展，并令其难以翻身。

三鹿奶粉公司的倒闭就是一个例证。

而且，此次毒奶粉事件给整个奶粉市场带来了毁灭性的后果。

此外，由于假货泛滥，越来越多的消费者对国内的商品失去了信心，他们别无选择，只能将目光投向海外品牌，这也是网上海淘在中国越来越受欢迎的原因之一。

因此，为了促进整个社会经济的健康发展，我们是时候强调企业和消费者之间建立信任的重要性了。

PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A全文翻译：当埃隆·马斯克宣布他最新优先考虑的事是使用人工智能制造家用机器人时，我们应该满怀钦佩之情期待着它的到来。

马斯克先生是能帮把事情干成的人。

他是两家科技术公司特斯拉电动汽车公司和太空探索技术公司的创始人，他正在将电动汽车引入大众市场，并（26）使人们能在其他行星上生活。

这听起来是在说大话，但这位企业家（27）积累的将近130亿美元的财富来自于他的实际成就而非假想。

很多聪明人（28）害怕人工智能，担心有一天机器人会变得如此（29）聪明，以至于它们像将灭全人类。

这些恐惧大多（30）言过其实：就像对转基因的非理性恐惧一样，其实一般来讲，我们人类足够英明，能够快速小心地处理好这些问题。

2018年6月英语六级真题和答案听力Passage 1At some 2300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. At some 1000 miles, the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada. But these waterways seem minute in comparison to the world’s 2 lengthiest rivers: the Nile and the A mazon.The Nile which begins in central Africa and flows over 4100 miles north into the Mediterranean hosted one of the world’s great ancient civilizations along its shores. Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood. As a means of transportation, the river carried various vessels up and down its length.A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendid valley of the Kings, where the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over 3000 years. Great civilizations and intensive settlement are hardly associated with the Amazon, yet this 4000 mile-long south American river carries about 20% of the world’s fresh water more than the Mississippi, Nile and Yangtze combined. Other statistics are equally astonishing. The Amazon is so wide at some points that from its center neither shore can be seen. Each second, the Amazon pours some 55 million gallons of water into the Atlantic. There, at its mouth stands one island larger than Switzerland. Most important of all, the Amazon irrigates the largest tropical rain forest on earth.Passage 19. What can be found in the valley of the Kings?10. In what way is the Amazon different from other big rivers?11. What does the speaker say about the Amazon?Recording 2Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the third in our cities of business seminars in the program “Doing Business Abroad”. (Q19) Today, we are going to look at the intercultural awareness, that is the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks English and not everyone does business in a British way. And, why should they? (Q19) If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our traditions and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is not only polite, it is a central, if we want to sel l British products overseas. First, a short quiz. Let’s see how interculturally-aware you are. Question 1: where must you not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of every month. Question 2: where should you never admire your host’s possessions.Question 3: how should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok. Question 4: where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2 or after 5:30 pm. OK, everyone had a chance to make some notes. Right! Here are the answers. Although I am sure that the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen. No.1: (Q20) you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in India. In international hotels, you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an India colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer. If you are an arrival, coincide with one of those tips. No.2: in Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. If you admire your colleague’s beautifu l belt and bowls, you may well find yourself being presented with them as a present. This is not a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will quite correctly expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands or just shouting “Waiter” will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself and, most of all, you. Place your palm downward and make an inconspicuous waving gesture, which will produce instant and satisfying results. And finally, (Q21) in Spain, some businesses maintain the pattern of working until about 2 o’clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8, 9 or 10 in the evening.Q19: What should you do when doing business with foreigners?Q20: What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague?Q21: What do we learn about some Spanish people?选词填空儿歌Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary’s Little Lamb,”the eternal nursery rhyme（儿歌）about girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it’s clear that the woman 26 reputed for writing it was one of America’s most fascinating 27 characters. In honor of the poem publication on May 24,1830, here’s more about the 28 supposed author’s life.Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a 29 fierce social advocate, and she was particularly 30 obsessed with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgivinx xg meals that she claimed had “a deep moral influence,” she began a nationwide 31 campaign to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 traditional festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, issued a 33 proclamation setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary’s Little Lamb” is disputed. According to New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only one part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 inspired by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followedto school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 rest of her life that “Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”.A）campaignB）careerC）charactersD）featuresE）fierceF）inspiredG）latterH）obsessedI）proclamationJ）rectifiedK）reputedL）restM）supposedN）traditionalO）versatile金字塔Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world’s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 puzzled experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 removed long ago.Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 chronicles the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says that by using a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 remnants of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 maximum of 5.55 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 fascinates him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 perfect. "We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 precision using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 hypothesis is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 slightly away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," Atlas Obscura points out.chroniclescompleteestablishedfascinateshypothesismaximummomentummysteriouslyperfectprecisionpuzzledremnantsremovedrevelationsslightly家用机器人When Elon Musk says, as he did this week, that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should not only take note, but look forward to the day we can put our legs up in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two “moonshot” tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. Lest this strike the amateur techie—not that readers of The Independent would ever count among them—as so much hot air, you can be reassured that the near $13bn (£8.8bn) fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with alacrity and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could —31 — be like having a babysitter and masseuse rolled into one —or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the ken of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least some one to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to, for instance, read The Independent.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering or cumbersome activity, and create time to readworld-class journalism, The Independent will be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.A) amassedB) casualC) emotionalD) enablingE) eventuallyF) exaggeratedG) extravagantH) generouslyI) misleadingJ) preciousK) rewardL) smartM) sphereN) terrifiedO) venture答案：26. D enabling27. A amassed28. N terrified29. L smart30. F exaggerated31. E eventually32. C emotional33. B casual34. J precious35. O venture阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity（盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice p roject manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Tecnologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums（水族馆）, but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhône. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome（基因组）.46.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A. It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A. Striking the weaker enemy firstB. Killing two birds with one stoneC. Eliminating the enemy one by oneD. Using one evil to combat the other48. What do we learn about “Project Neurice”?A. Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B. It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C. Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D. It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological（考古的）museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers（Instagram用户）everywhere, it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A. It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.B. It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C. It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.D. It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A. what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB. whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC. how it could help to enri ch people’s life experiencesD. Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53.What do the results of Diehl’s experiments show that people taking photos?A. They are distracted from what they are doing.B. They can better remember what they see or do.C. They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D. They can have a better understanding of the world.54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A. They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B. They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C. They have a better view of what are on display.D. They follow the historical events more easily.55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. It is better to make plans before taking photos.B. Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C. Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D. Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.翻译自行车自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年大学英语六级翻译试题：筷子5篇2018年大学英语六级翻译试题：筷子5篇第一篇请将下面这段话翻译成英文：筷子是中国传统的独具特色的进食工具，至今已有数千年的历史。

筷子在古代被称为箸，大约从明朝开始才有了筷子的称呼。

筷子多为竹子制成，也有用木头、象牙、金属或其他材料制作而成。

它要么上方下圆，要么上下全圆而上粗下细。

不管其形状如何，筷子必须是成对使用的，并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。

筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。

参考译文Chopsticks, with a history of thousands of years, areunique traditional Chinese dining utensils. Theywere called zhu in ancient China and the name ofKuai Zi began to be used in Ming Dynasty.Chopsticks are usually made of bamboo. Some aremade of wood, ivory, metals or other materials. Their upper parts are square and lower partsround, or they are all round with thicker upper parts and thinner lower parts. Whatever theirshapes are, they are used in pairs and the pair must be identical to each other. chopsticks arethe necessary dining utensils in Chinese people’s daily life, the invention of which fully delaysthe intelligence of Chinese people.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：中国人使用筷子已经有3000多年的历史了。