V-2 Unit One
I. V ocabulary and Structure
1. The buyer agreed in _________ to give a down payment at the signing of the contract.
A. principal
B. principle
C. practice
D. discipline
2. The _______ of communications is far greater than a hundred years ago.
A. equipment
B. instrument
C. facilities
D. faculty
3. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, ________ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.
A. in proportion to
B. in reply to
C. in relation to
D. in contrast to
4. Two men and a woman were charged after the heroin _______ about $ 5 million was seized.
A. worthwhile
B. worthy of
C. worth
D. worthy
5 They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.
A. fruitful
B. valid
C. beneficial
D. effective
6. I‘d _______ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.
A. take into account
B. account for
C. make up for
D. make out
7. The people, who believe it is necessary to ________ to a rapidly changing society, believe the shifts in family structure are inevitable and positive.
A. adapt
B. adopt
C. adhere
D. anticipate
8. In a time of social reform, people‘s states of mind tend to keep ________ with the rapid changes of society.
A. step
B. pace
C. progress
D. touch
9. We are having less and less _______ of fresh water.
A. source
B. origin
C. resources
D. store
10. While admitting that this forest was _______ uncertain, the scientists warned against treating it
as a cry wolf.
A. anyhow
B. somewhere
C. somewhat
D. anyway
11 The road is laid ahead of him, a _______ grey line stretching to the horizon.
A. continual
B. continuous
C. constant
D. prolonged
12. There is a _______ rise this year in the number of babies born.
A. comparable
B. comparative
C. compatible
D. commentary
13 He was _______ from the whole class to represent them at the other school.
A. picked on
B. picked out
C. picked up
D. pick away
14. The Government has therefore agreed to pay authorities extra sums to ________ for their
financial losses.
A. make up
B. turn up
C. fill in
D. lean on
15 Languages slowly but constantly ________ from older forms into new ones.
A. revolve
B. evolve
C. involve
D. resolve
16. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of
the medium is ________ .
A. granted
B. implied
C. exaggerated
D. remedied
17 The bank gives a top _______ to those who have no house of their own for a loan.
A. preference
B. priority
C. superiority
D. prohibition
18. The United States must look out for the right of _______ citizens.
A. its
B. their
C. ours
D. we
19. ________ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?
A. Are
B. Were
C. Is
D. Does
20. So small _____ that the most powerful microscopes cannot detect them.
A. are these particles
B. were these particles
C. these particles are
D. these particles were
II. Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
The French education system is very different from the English one in its aims, its organization and its results. The French child too, the raw material of this education, is unlike I the English child and differences in the raw material may well account for differences in the processes employed.
The French child, boy or girl, gives one the impression of being intellectually more precocious (早熟的) than the product of the chillier English climate. This precocity is encouraged by his upbringing among adults, not in a nursery. English parents readily adapt their conversation to the child‘s point of view and interest themselves more in his games and child preoccupations. The English are, as regards national character, younger than the French, or, to put it another way, there is in England no deep division between the life of the child and that of the grown man. The art of talking to children in the kind of language they understand is so much an English art that most o f the French children‘s favorite books are translation from the English works.
French parents, on the other hand, do their best to develop the child's intelligence as rapidly as possible. They have little patience with childish ideas even if they do not go so far as to look upon childhood as an unfortunate but necessary prelude to adult life. Not that they need to force the child, for he usually leads himself willingly to the process, and enjoys the effect of his unexpectedly clever remarks and strange sayings and of his interesting judgment of men and things. It is not without significance that the French mother, instead of appealing to the child‘s heart by asking him to be good, appeals to his reason by asking him to be wise. Reasonableness is looked for early in France, and the age of reason is fixed at seven years.
21. In comparing French and English education, the author indicates that _______.
A. a great deal can be learnt by both countries
B. differences should not be looked for only in methods
C. the French child needs far more training than the English child
D. the main differences are in the children
22. The passage suggests that the French child _______.
A. is as he is because of the climate
B. only associates with adults
C. is forced to behave like an adult
D. is not treated as a child
23. The word ―prelude‖ (Para. 3, Line 3) probably means _______.
A. introductory stage
B. consequent event
C. inevitable result
D. acceptable reason
24. In comparison with French children, English children _______.
A. are less intelligent
B. can stand chillier climate
C. receive more care from their parents
D. have shorter childhood
25. French mothers _________.
A. know how to appeal to what is best in their children
B. are the most significant influence in the children‘s lives
C. enjoy their children‘s unexpectedly clever remarks
D. lack patience in everything
Passage 2
―Culture shock‖ occurs as a result of total immersion in a new culture. It happens to ―people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad‖. Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand people‘s behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that ―yes‖ may not always mean ―yes‖, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as to when to shake hands or embrace, when to initiate conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The notion of ―culture shock‖ helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation. Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel. When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
―... when an individual enters a strange culture, ... he or she is like fish out of water.‖Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong and consequently may feel alienated from the native member of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture. Conversely, visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with (if only temporarily) the values of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it.
26. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?
A. Culture shock is bad to the society.
B. A typical symptom of culture shock is confusion.
C. Shock can become the motif.
D. Culture shock happens to foreign students only.
27. Newcomers may worry about _______.
A. their knowledge of ―Yes‖ in the native language
B. their ability to make friends
C. their control of their behavior
D. their ignorance of the alien customs
28. When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems, he finds hard to cope with, he is most
likely to feel _______.
A. uninsured
B. frozen
C. angry
D. alienated
29. The expression ―he or she is like a fish out of water‖ suggests _______.
A. people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture
B. a fish can not survive without water
C. people away from their cultures experience mental isolation
D. people away from their cultures have to come back to the original environment
30. In order to identify with the new environment, some people _______.
A. give an exaggerated picture of their own country
B. abandon their original beliefs
C. accept a temporary set of values
D. criticize the positive aspects of their own country
III. Cloze
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased 31 that causes rapid rises in prices. 32 your money buys fewer goods so that you get 33 for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise 34 the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a(n) 35 when ― a do llar is not worth a dollar anymore.‖
Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the 36 . Retired people, for instance, cannot 37 on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to 38 their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income 39 any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to 40 rising prices. In many cases they must stop 41 some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even 42 working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The 43 of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep 44 with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living 45 because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 46 the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the prices for a 47 year as the base. The base price is set 48 100, and the other prices are reported as a 49 of the base price. A price index makes 50 possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
31. A. spending B. demanding C. consuming D. saving
32. A. Because B. While C. Since D. When
33. A. much B. little C. more D. less
34. A. in B. on C. at D. to
35. A. chance B. time C. at D. to
36. A. best B. least C. most D. worst
37. A. rely B. rest C. depend D. count
38. A. meet B. obtain C. care D. acquire
39. A. or B. and C. excluding D. including
40. A. live up to B. catch up on C. put up with D. keep up with
41. A. to buy B. buying C. having bought D. from buying
42. A. for B. to C. of D. if
43. A. price B. level C. cost D. standard
44. A. race B. pace C. speed D. step
45. A. as usual B. as well C. as before D. as such
46. A. in which B. from which C. of which D. by which
47. A. last B. given C. fixed D. definite
48. A. on B. by C. at D. against
49. A. portion B. percentage C. proportion D. fraction
50. A. it B. us C. one D. you
IV. Translation
51．顺利完成任务之后，伴随而来的是一种满足感。
52．人人必须准时上班，公司里无人可以例外。
53．她无疑会非常赞同肯特正在做的事情。
54．一个人的学校生活回忆起来显得比实际情况更快乐。
55．一方面我钦佩他的才能，但另一方面我又不信任他的判断力。
答案
I. Vocabulary and Structure
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. C
5.D
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. C 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A II. Reading Comprehension
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. D III. Cloze
31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. A IV. Translation
51. A sense of satisfaction attaches to the successful performance of one‘s duty.
52. Everyone must begin work punctually — the firm makes no exceptions.
53. She would, no doubt, be deeply sympathetic to what Kent was doing.
54. One‘ school life seems happier in retrospect than it was at the time.
55. On the one hand I admire his gift, but on the other (hand) I distrust his judgment.
Unit Two
I. Vocabulary and Structure
1. Can you ________people on the phone by the sound of their voice?
A. make up
B. make over
C. make out
D. make of
2. He ________ so much work that he couldn't really do it efficiently.
A. put on
B. turned on
C. brought on
D. took on
3. To ________ a room for a week is impossible here now.
A. preserve
B. deserve
C. reserve
D. conserve
4. Dogs are often praised for their ________; they almost never abandon their masters.
A. faith
B. loyalty
C. trust
D. truthfulness
5. This is ________. You may do it or not.
A. applicable
B. elastic
C. elementary
D. optional
6. He does not ________ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.
A. equal
B. match
C. qualify
D. fit
7. I feel much more optimistic about our ability to solve the problems and obstacles which our civilization ________.
A. confronts
B. encounters
C. rescues
D. originates
8. The girl was ________ a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.
A. preliminarily
B. presumably
C. formally
D. formerly
9. We must ________ oil with coal as a fuel.
A. substitute
B. replace
C. take the place of
D. give way to
10. Mr. Smith, the head of the visiting team, is a high-level ________ of IBM.
A. executive
B. senior
C. leader
D. chief
11. Painting the room involves ________ out the furniture.
A. to move
B. being moved
C. moving
D. move
12. I‘d ________ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and
then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.
A. take into account
B. account for
C. make up for
D. make out
13. I‘m afraid your chances of success are rather ________.
A. far
B. away
C. remote
D. near
14. She tried to ________ the conversation away from such a dangerous topic.
A. drive
B. steer
C. steal
D. stay
15. A lorry ________ Jane‘s cat and sped away.
A. ran over
B. ran through
C. ran into
D. ran down
16. This ointment will help to ________ the wound.
A. heal
B. treat
C. cure
D. remedy
17. He was caught by the police and had to admit ________ the camera.
A. having stolen
B. to have stolen
C. stealing
D. to steal
18. ________ there were some cancelled booking did we get some tickets in the end.
A. It was when
B. Even if
C. Until
D. Only because
19. The store had to ________ a number of clerks because sales were down.
A. lay out
B. lay off
C. lay aside
D. lay down
20. When he awoke, he found himself _________ by an old woman.
A. look after
B. be looked after
C. being looked after
D. be looking after
II. Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
During the 1970 season, the Club played 42 matches. Of these, 34 were League and Cup games, and the remainder were friendly matches. In the League, the Club finished in third play, two points behind the champions. Out of 28 league games, 16 were won, 8 were drawn and 4 were lost, whilst the Club managed to reach the semi-final of the Challenge Cup for the first time in its history. Of the eight friendly matches, four were won, two were drawn, and two were lost, but these defeats were at the hands of visiting teams whose standards were generally much higher than those of players of this area.
At the same time, the standard of play shown by our own team was markedly superior to that seen in previous years, and this success is largely due to the intensive training programme which
has been supervised by the team captain, In this connection, the provision of adequate training facilities must remain a priority, and the erection of an indoor, gymnasium or hall in which the players can practise on wet evenings is essential. It would so much to supplement the outdoor training being carried on, and would help the Club in the recruitment of younger players.
There are now 28 players registered with the Club, and many more have asked to join but have been discouraged by the fact that the Club fields only one team. With the improvement in the financial position, concerning which the Treasurer will report in a minute. I suggest that the committee consider entering a team in the Second Division of the League.
21. How many Cup matches did the Challenge Club play?
A. 34.
B. 6.
C. 8.
D. 42.
22. What reason does the speaker give for the Club‘s improved playing record?
A. The provision of adequate training facilities.
B. The erection of an indoor gymnasium.
C. The intensive training under the team captain.
D. The low standards of the visiting teams.
23. In the second paragraph, ―this connection‖ refers to _______.
A. an indoor gymnasium
B. an indoor hall
C. the team captain
D. the intensive training programs
24. The committee may enter a team in the Second Division of the League because of _______.
A. its improved financial position
B. its better training facilities
C. its improved playing record
D. its ambition to become famous
25. The tone of this report is ________.
A. objective
B. unfriendly
C. pessimistic
D. critical
Passage 2
For most people, life is easier and more comfortable than ever before. Convenience foods from the supermarket simplify shopping and cooking. Household appliances like the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine have taken the drudgery out of housework. Released from these household chores, many wives have found jobs outside the home. Women are achieving economic independence.
Families, too, are simpler today. In America, it is not customary for parents to live with their married children. With our greater mobility, relatives have scattered, the parents retiring to Florida or Arizona, and the young people, after they marry, going wherever their jobs or their parents or their interests take them.
Young adult women have new freedom, too. While attending college, they often live away from home, sometimes far from their parents or their relatives. After college, they move to the city, find a job, and set up a ?bachelor‘ apartment. This is the era of women‘s liberation.
But all this freedom and affluence (富裕) have had an unforeseen and in some respects a devastating (破坏的) effect on marriage.
26. In the US, families are becoming ________.
A. bigger
B. smaller
C. easier
D. freer
27. Why are women able to achieve economic independence?
A. Because they have their own salary.
B. Because convenience foods are available.
C. Because they are free away from drudgery.
D. Because they are attending college.
28. Hard housework was taken away by _______.
A. liberated women
B. retired parents
C. supermarkets
D. modern equipment
29. Which of the following statements is not true according to the text?
A. Women‘s liberation has made it possible for them to study.
B. Comfortable life adversely influences marriage in America.
C. Adults can go wherever they want.
D. Women prefer to be bachelors.
30. The text implies that the author ________.
A. highly praises the liberation of women
B. heartily enjoys this freedom and affluence
C. strongly recommends such kind of social life
D. greatly worries about the bond of marriage
III. Short Answer Questions
A greenhouse is a building made of glass which is used for keeping plants warm when the outside temperature is low. In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat generated by the sun and prevent it from escaping. These gases are known as ―greenhouse gases‖ and the way in which they trap heat in the atmosphere is called the ―greenhouse effects‖. This is not simply air pollution like photochemical smog, for example. Most of the main greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour -- occur naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere, and without them Earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would not exist. In other words, the greenhouse effect is a natural process which is to some extent beneficial to us.
The problem is that in the last century and a half, we have been putting excessive amount of these gasses into the Earth's atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forest. In 1850, there were 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Now there are 360 and this figure is expected to rise to 4,560 by the year 2030.
The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world‘s temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century, and the sea level has risen by 10 centimetres. If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles there will probably be a rise in the Earth‘s temperature of between 1 and 4. This may seem a small increase, but it would be enough to cause major changes in geography and agriculture. Large areas of the world would be flooded, and some regions would become dry and unable to produce crops. It is important, too, to consider that there may be a delay of about 30 years in the greenhouse effect. This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of gases put into the atmosphere prior to the 1960s. Since then, our use of these gases has greatly increased.
31. What cannot escape easily form the Earth‘s atmosphere because of the greenhouse gases?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 32. What would make the Earth 30 degree colder?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 33. Why has the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased greatly over the last 150
years?
___________________________________________________________________________ 34. What is the effect on the world‘s climate of the increase in greenhouse gases?
______________________________________________________________________________ 35. Why will the world continue to get warmer for many years even if we stop producing carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases?
______________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation
36．如果你开始抱怨薪水的话，他们很有可能把你解雇。
37．这项手术需要在你的心脏里放置一根小管子。
38．是什么使得你认为有资格从事这份工作。
39．这个节目主要是为吸引16至25岁的青少年而创作的。
40．他避免与这种人交往。
答案
I . Vocabulary and Structure
1C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A
11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. C II. Reading Comprehension
21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. D III. Short Answer Questions
31. The heat produced by the sun.
32. The absence of natural greenhouse gases.
33. Because we have burned a lot of coal and cut down forests.
34. The world is becoming warmer.
35. Because there is a delay of 30 years.
IV. Translation
36. They're liable to sack you if you start complaining about your salary.
37. The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.
38. What makes you think that you are qualified for this job?
39. It‘s a pragramme designed to appeal mainly to 16 to 25 years olds.
40. She steered clear of being associated with such people.
Unit Three
I. V ocabulary and Structure
1. He doesn‘t ________ his fellow workers and there are often disagreements between them.
A. get on with
B. take to
C. put up with
D. go one with
2. During the ________ the audience strolled and chatted in the foyer.
A. gap
B. pause
C. break
D. interval
3. Mrs Brown was very ________ when she broke her beautiful Wedgwood teapot.
A. disturbed
B. damaged
C. interrupted
D. upset
4. There is something wrong with his vocal chords and, as a result, he has always been ________.
A. silent
B. dumb
C. speechless
D. deaf
5. She felt very ________ when her husband forgot her birthday.
A. deceived
B. deserted
C. desperate
D. disappointed
6. The road lay ahead of him, a _______ grey line stretching to the horizon.
A. continual
B. constant
C. continuous
D. prolong
7. Can you produce any _______ that the teenager stole your wallet?
A. fact
B. truth
C. proof
D. reality
8. I never dreamed that I would end up _______ such a lot of property.
A. own
B. to own
C. owning
D. to have owed
9. A cricket team _______ eleven plays.
A. composes of
B. consists of
C. makes of
D. makes up of
10. Can you help me ________ with my English homework?
A. through
B. out
C. up
D. over
11. This experienced old fighter has never been ________.
A. knocked out
B. kicked out
C. beaten out
D. carried out
12. It is unusual to trade your existing car ________; most people want a bigger or newer vehicle.
A. down
B. on
C. for
D. in
13. She has ________ the job as a teacher ever since she graduated from the university.
A. taken on
B. taken up
C. taken in
D. taken to
14. Spending so much time watching TV is ________ children at school.
A. holding against
B. holding on
C. holding down
D. holding back
15. Their engagement was ________ because of young man‘s involvement in a love triangle.
A. called on
B. called for
C. called off
D. called forth
16. I cannot ________ why he quit his job.
A. make out
B. break out
C. figure out
D. bring out
17. Hearing that song always ________ me of a certain night in Las Vegas.
A. recollects
B. reminds
C. remembers
D. recalls
18. These proposal put forward by Dr. Danniel ________ serious consideration.
A. serve
B. deserve
C. conserve
D. reserve
19. The town planning bureau is aiming to build bigger and bigger highways to ________ more
cars.
A. accommodate
B. adapt
C. include
D. contain
20. A salesman must be ________ if he wants to succeed.
A. offensive
B. progressive
C. responsive
D. aggressive
II. Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
Psychologists separate the memory system into three parts: sensory, short-term and long-term. Sensory memory performs a screening (筛选) function. Incoming information reaches it at first and is preserved just long enough to be used in perceiving, comparing, judging, and so on. It lasts for only a very brief time while the brain decides whether or not it needs this information for present or future use. If it seems useful, it is passed on to the short-term memory. If not, it is discarded. Sensory memory employs a ―file or forget‖ approach to its job.
Short-term memory performs a second screening operation on the retained information. You can think it as a sort of desk-top memory. Data arriving in the ―in‖ box is looked over, sorted out, and acted on. Everything is there in front of you. Like most desk tops, however, short-term memory often gets cluttered up with many different items, some of which are more important than others. Often, too, a new item in the ―in‖ box interferes with something you are working oh. You
put the old item aside and can‘t find it later. Generally speaking, you can deal with no more than seven or eight items at any one time. (There are strategies, however, for expanding the capacity of short-term memory and prolonging its duration.) To make room for more information, you clean off your ―desk‖ every few minutes, throwing the ―junk‖ mail into the wastebasket and sorting your ideas into meaningful groups. What remains will be filed in the ―out‖ box for transmission to long-term memory.
Long-term memory is more permanent, and has a theoretically unlimited capacity. It used to be thought of as a kind of ―dead storage‖, made up of information to be retrieved at some future time. Psychologists now think that long-term memory is a dynamic process, continually interacting with short-term memory to provide operational, or working, memory. To make decisions, for example, you constantly refer to material that has been filed away. Long-term memories reactivated, combined with short-term memories, and then filed away again, along with any new material that seems worth saving.
21. The title of this passage is _______.
A. Memory Strategies
B. Three Memory Systems
C. How to Make Use of the Brain
D. The Best Way to Memorize Information
22. Which of the following is Not True about ―sensory‖?
A. It performs screening functions.
B. It passes useful information to the short-term memory.
C. It discards useless information.
D. It stores material more permanently.
23. What does ―junk mail‖ mean in the second paragraph?
A. Useless information.
B. Waste paper.
C. Garbage.
D. Useless mail.
24. Which of the following memories has unlimited capacity?
A. Sensory.
B. Short-term.
C. Long-term.
D. All of the above.
25. Which of the following is true?
A. Long-term memory is a kind of ―dead storage‖.
B. Long-term memory interacts with short-term memory as reference in decision making.
C. Long-term memory used to be thought of as a dynamic process.
D. Long-term memory is a sort of ―desk-top‖ memory.
Passage 2
Communication among human beings never occurs in a vacuum. Instead, all communication takes place constantly in a social and cultural environment. In most cases, understanding the behaviors of those who share the same or similar culture seems to be less problematic because the y are comparatively familiar with each other‘s ways of thinking, expressing, acting, and reacting. However, it appears a little bit difficult for people in one culture to understand the behaviors of people in another culture in their cross-cultural communication. Due to the lack of cultural awareness of one another, both Chinese and Americans may face potential misunderstandings in their interactions.
One of the ways that Chinese show modesty is through self-denial; that is, having been praised by others, most Chinese to disparage themselves by responding verbally that they do not deserve to be complimented for what they have done. However, when Chinese still apply their self-denial in the midst of self-praising Americans, their modest responses to Americans‘ compliments may turn out to be embossing to some Americans, or contradictory to these Chinese good intentions.
Unfortunately, in cross-cultural communication encounters, misunderstanding can be created immediately. The following dialogue between an Amer ican and a Chinese is an example; ―Your English is very good.‖(the American‘s compliment) ―No, no, no. My English is poor.‖(the Chinese self-denial)
In Chinese culture, the ability to preserve self-denial is marked as a sign of virtue in modesty. Yet, wh en Americans‘ compliments are rejected by Chinese, Americans tend not to value Chinese self-denial as a sign of modesty. Instead, some Americans may feel embarrassed as if they have made a wrong judgment, while some others are more likely to assure that self denial is a strategy used to elicit more compliments. Although Americans try to be friendly to Chinese, and Chinese try to be modest in front of Americans, their cross-cultural encounters can still possibly end up in
a communication breakdown. The dialogue does show how the Chinese polite response failed to match the American‘s good intention owing to their culturally influenced attitudes towards compliments.
26. What is the subject of this passage?
A. Chinese people vs. American people.
B. Communication.
C. Misunderstanding between Chinese self-denial and Americans‘ self-praising.
D. How to respond to different questions.
27. Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?
A. All communication is independent of a social and cultural environment.
B. Self-denial is used to show modesty by Chinese people.
C. Chinese and Americans‘ reactions vary in reply to compliments.
D. Misunderstanding may be created in cross-cultural communication.
28. How will an America n respond upon hearing the compliment: ―I think your speech is
excellent‖?
A. Please excuse my poor skills.
B. Yes, I think I do well. I‘m glad you enjoy it.
C. That‘s all right.
D. It‘s just so-so.
29. Why does it appear a little bit difficult for people in one culture to understand the behavior of
people in another culture?
A. Because they are not familiar with each other‘s ways of thinking, expressing, acting and
reacting.
B. Because they live in different places.
C. Because their native languages are different.
D. Because they belong to different races.
30. We can infer from the passage that _______.
A. Chinese show modesty through self-denial
B. Communication among human beings occurs in vacuum
C. Chinese people are more polite than Americans
D. American people would rather accept a positive comment than reject it
III. Cloze
Some people think they have an answer to the problem of automobile crowding and pollution in large cities. Their 31 is the bicycle, or ―bike‖.
In a great 32 cities hundreds of people ride bicycles to work everyday. In New York City, some bikes 33 have even formed a group 34 ―Bike for a Better City‖. They 35 that if more people rode bicycles to work there 36 be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and 37 less dirty air from car 38 .
For several years this 39 has been trying to get the city government to 40 bicycle riders. For 41 , they want the city to paint special lanes for bicycles only 42 some of the main streets, because when bicycle riders must use the 43 lanes as cars, there may be 44 . Bike for a Better City feels that if there were 45 lanes, more people would use bikes.
But no bicycle lanes have been 46 yet. Not everyone thinks they are a good 47 . Taxi drivers don't like the idea-they say t will slow 48 . Some store owners on the main streets don‘t like the idea-they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less 49 . And most people live 50 far from downtown to travel by bike.
31. A. problem B. answer C. help D. purpose
32. A. many B. deal C. number D. more
33. A. sellers B. fans C. riders D. sportsmen
34. A. as B. of C. marked D. called
35. A. announce B. assure C. claim D. convince
36. A. would B. must C. will D. can
37. A. still B. therefore C. even D. so
38. A. factories B. equipments C. engines D. accidents
39. A. group B. proposal C. section D. movement
40. A. encourage B. help C. notice D. join
41. A. once B. that C. good D. example
42. A. on B. beside C. by D. near
43. A. very B. big C. same D. narrow
44. A. happenings B. conflicts C. events D. accidents
45. A. good B. special C. broad D. safe
46. A. build B. divided C. painted D. allowed
47. A. idea B. way C. sign D. group
48. A. transport B. speed C. traffic D. advance
49. A. business B. money C. goods D. customers
50. A. very B. quite C. too D. so
IV. Translation
51．这仅仅是个开端。我们还得努力。
52．听了我的话之后，他用困惑的眼睛看着我。
53．他总不守时，这妨碍了他的提升。
54．所有她童年的记忆渐渐从她脑海中消逝了。
55．――你会对它厌倦的。
――你错了，我会喜欢它的。
答案
I. Vocabulary and Structure
1. A
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. B 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. D II. Reading Comprehension
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D III. Cloze
31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. C IV. Translation
51. It is no more than a beginning. We have to keep on trying.
52. On hearing my words, he looked at me distractedly.
53. His unpunctuality interfered with his promotion.
54. All memories of her childhood faded from her mind.
55. – You‘ll get tired of it.
-- On the contrary, I shall enjoy it.
Unit Four
I. Vocabulary and Structure
1. When I was in trouble, he always _______ a helping hand towards me.
A. expanded
B. stretched
C. extended
D. scattered
2. I‘ve a lot of _______ for her; she brought up the children on her own.
A. symbol
B. symphony
C. sympathy
D. symptom
3. Women‘s earnings are still very low in _______ to men‘s.
A. relation
B. relations
C. relationship
D. combination
4. Rice grows best in countries like Indonesia, where the rainfall is regular and well _______.
A. divided
B. scattered
C. distributed
D. spread
5. The balance is so _______ that it can weigh a hair.
A. insensitive
B. sensitive
C. sensible
D. sentimental
6. She was _______ flowers in a vase when I knocked at the door.
A. planning
B. spitting
C. submitting
D. arranging
7. The tree _______ a shadow on the grass.
A. promoted
B. projected
C. stretched
D. prolonged
8. It is difficult to get used to another country‘s _______.
A. routines
B. hobbies
C. customs
D. habits
9. _______ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. At a time
B. At all times
C. All the time
D. At no time
10. Despite so many failures, he still _______ his spirits.
A. kept up
B. kept up with
C. kept off
D. kept back
11. I don‘t want to get _______ into the row about school reform.
A. sucked
B. jarred
C. spit
D. edited
12. This song _______ memories of my childhood.
A. calls back
B. calls by
C. calls up
D. call for
13. The police warned people to be ________ guard against pickpockets during the Spring
Festival.
A. in
B. under
C. on
D. off
14. She _______ over on the ice and broke her leg.
A. slipped
B. missed
C. snapped
D. spun
15. His formal style of speaking was _______ to the occasion.
A. optical
B. optional
C. adequate
D. appropriate
16. I wrote down the date of his birthday _______ I should forget it.
A. lest
B. the moment
C. once
D. now that
17. The criticism threw a new light on the novel and the students found themselves ______with
fresh eyes.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. having read
18. Please give me a piece of paper _______.
A. to be written on
B. to write on
C. writing on
D. being written on
19. ______ Mr. Brown talked to her did he know what kind of a girl she was.
A. Until
B. It was not until
C. It was until
D. Not until
20. He looked as if he _______ ill for a long time.
A. was
B. has been
C. were
D. had been
II. Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
You‘re in a shopping mall and you‘ve lost track of your friends? You can find them with the Internet. You‘re driving into a new city and don‘t know where to park? You can locate a parking space and pay for it with the Internet.
Sound interesting? These are just some of the applications of 30, the Third Generation of the Internet. Second generation equipment such as desktop computers and laptops are rapidly starting to share room with mobile phones and hand-held PADs (Personal Digital Assistants). These portable devices provide round-the-clock wireless access to the Internet from anywhere you happen to be.
How widespread is 3G? Almost 9 million people in Europe and Japan already exchange
e-mail and visit certain Websites with their mobile phones. In North America and Europe, a smaller number of people do the same thing with cell phones and Palms. The market for mobile digital devices is already greater than for personal computers. According to predictions, one billion people will carry mobile devices in their pockets, school bags and purses by 2003. The two most valuable companies in Europe and Japan are Nokia and NTT DoCoMo, respectively.
At t he moment, a standard desktop computer that's hooked up to the Internet doesn‘t know where you are. But mobile phones can pinpoint (找出确切的位置) your location using the base stations that are at the heart of the communications grid (网格). In the same way, wireless Web services will be able to identify where you are within 150 meters. For example, a mobile application will be able to find you the moment an apartment you want to rent becomes available. The details will be forwarded to you over the Internet and your thumbprint on the screen will confirm the lease (契约).
Many companies are anticipating the 3G boom. Media enterprises are working hard to create content that will fit onto small screens, transmit across narrow bandwidths and consume small amounts of energy.
21. Choose the sentence that clearly states the main idea of the passage.
A. The market for mobile digital devices is already greater than for personal computers.
B. You can study English anywhere anytime.
C. Third Generation portable devices can provide many more convenient services than
previous computers.
D. More and more people in Europe, North America, and Japan exchange e-mail and visit
certain Websites with their laptops.
22. Decide which of the following statements is true.
A. Desktop computers and laptops are part of the Third Generation of the Internet.
B. According to predictions, half a billion people will carry mobile devices by 2003.
C. In North America and Europe, nearly 9 million people exchange e-mail with their mobile
phones.
D. Mobile phones can identify your location.
23. Which of the following belongs to the applications of 3G?
A. Find your friends if you lost track of them in a shopping mall.
B. Purchase a parking space for you.
C. Inform you the vacancy of a house you want to rent on your mobile phone.
D. All the above.
24. A common desktop computer that's hooked up to the Internet _______.
A. can figure out your location
B. can not figure out your location
C. can provide wireless access to the Internet from anywhere you happen to be
D. can not provide round-the-neck access to the Internet from anywhere you happen to be
25. The author‘s attitude toward 3G can be described as ____.
A. disinterested
B. regretful
C. approving
D. disparaging (贬低性的)
Passage 2
On-line courses (also called distance learning) are a hot new trend in American education. According to the nonprofit Distance Education and Training Council, about 400 US colleges and schools offer some portion of their programs on the Web. At the university level, they cost the same as traditional classes and require similar weekly assignments and textbook reading, the difference is in class participation.
Generally speaking, students congregate (使聚集) on-line throughout each week to explore topic with the professor, but these discussions occur ―asynchronously‖ (不同时的) rather than in real time. (You read other‘s comments and post your own whenever you get a chance.) Written assignments are posted, you e-mail in your work periodically, and you‘re required to take a proctored exam in order to receive degree credit. Career-boosting business administration and information technology programs are the most popular, but you‘ll also find a variety of liberal arts offerings, from film theory to medieval history and foreign language study. While you still can‘t get an Ivy League degree on-line, a growing number of elite (卓越的) institutions, including
Stanford and New York University are beginning to offer on-line courses.
The benefits for busy people are obvious. ―I always get a front-row seat.‖ says one student studying at the State University of New York Learning Network. ―I can get up in the middle of the class, grab a cup of coffee. The class is waiting for me when I get back, and I haven‘t missed a thing.‖ On the other hand, some students miss the face-to-face interaction that often sparks interest and involvement.
26. Generally speaking, on-line courses costs _______.
A. more than the traditional one
B. less than the traditional one
C. as much as the traditional one
D. the author hasn't mentioned
27. The major way to hand out assignments of on-line students is _______.
A. to hand out them in person
D. to post them
C. to e-mail them
D. to let the teacher enter into their personal main pages
28. Which kind of program is probably NOT welcomed by most of the students?
A. Software development.
B. Decoration and design.
C. International trade.
D. Company management.
29. The closest meaning of ―Ivy League‖ (Para. 2, Line 9) is ________.
A. famous universities in USA
B. famous business colleges in USA
C. famous companies in USA
D. universities with a long history
30. It is implied that in USA _______.
A. on-line education will take the place of the traditional one soon
B. there are only a few on-line programs until now
C. one need not take part in the exam in order to receive a diploma by way of on-line
education
D. one can not receive a degree certificate of New York University through distant learning III. Short Answer Questions
Do women talk more than men? Do men talk in the same way as women? According to the latest research from the United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to communicate. Professor Deborah Tannen, of Georgetown University, has noticed differences in the style of boys‘ and girls‘ conversations from an early age. She says that little girls‘ conversation is less definite than boys‘ and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to establish status with their listeners.
These differences continue into adult life, she says. In public conversations men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in equal amounts —although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, for women, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy. For men, private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship.
Teaching is one job where the differences between men‘s and women‘s ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. He used his language to show this. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing approach and to encourage her student to join in.
But Professor Tanner does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they achieve power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationship. Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is preprogrammed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual bias in its programming; otherwise, male speech patterns would not arise at all.
Questions:
31. What are the differences between little boys‘ and little girls‘ conversation?
__________________________________________________________________________
32. Differences between men and women in adult conversations are that in private conversations
__________________________________________________________________________ 33. According to the passage, study shows that a male teacher
__________________________________________________________________________ 34. Why do men talk and interrupt others more than women do?
__________________________________________________________________________ 35.Women allow men to talk more and interrupt more because
____________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation
36．这一新闻节目只报道国外消息。
37．他们向委员会提交计划申请批准。
38．他退休后觉得很难建立起新的生活秩序。
39．公司准备派一车辆去机场接你。
40．如今我们越来越依赖计算机了。
答案
I . Vocabulary and Structure
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. D 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. D II . Reading Comprehension
21. C 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D III. Short Answer Questions
31. Girls‘ conversation is less definite and express more doubts.
32. they speak in equal amounts but in different styles.
33. would show he has more knowledge, and hence more power.
34. Because they are encouraged by women.
35. they believe that will lead to a close relationship.
IV. Translation
36. This news programme only covers external events.
37. They submitted plans to the council for approval.
38. He found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement.
39. The company will arrange for a car to meet you at the airport.
40. Nowadays we are relying on computers increasingly.
Unit Five
I. V ocabulary and Structure
1. We tried to help people _______ their problems bravely.
A. rescue
B. confront
C. encounter
D. originate
2. The judge _______ all the charges against Smith.
A. dismissed
B. refused
C. discarded
D. eliminated
3. Tim makes his wife‘s life ________ because of his violent temper.
A. sorry
B. unlucky
C. miserable
D. unfortunate
4. They are hoping to _______ the Japanese market.
A. trace
B. vibrate
C. vanish
D. penetrate
5. I dreamed _______ becoming a doctor when I was a child.
A. for
B. to
C. of
D. with
6. _______ the noise outdoors, she keeps on reading.
A. In case of
B. In spite of
C. Because of
D. Despite of
7. Except on official _______such as formal receptions, American society has a certain amount
of informality.
A. occasions
B. situations
C. cases
D. conditions
8. Where did you _______ such ideas?
A. pick up
B. get up
C. pick out
D. get out
9. We oppose the practice of creating international _______.
A. tension
B. nervous
C. business
D. tense
10. I must _______ you on a successful visit to the factory.
A. praise
B. congratulate
C. wish
D. award
11. His taste and habits _______ with those of his wife.
A. combine
B. compete
C. coincide
D. compromise
12. Running is an effective way to _______ you.
A. release
B. free
C. relax
D. remind
13. The fact _______ she was a few minutes late is no reason for discharging her.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. where
14. The F16, which can fly at _______ the speed of sound, is produced by this company.
A. twice as much
B. twice as C twice D. twice as fast
15. Supermarkets _______ consumers have been hard hit by inflation.
A. except
B. along with
C. along about
D. besides
16. All events _______ the correctness of this estimation.
A. have borne out
B. have been borne out
C. have borne of
D. have been turned out
17. You ought to _______ your foolish behavior.
A. be ashamed of
B. be sorry to
C. be guilty of
D. be fond of
18. To tell what happened in a few words? don't go into _______.
A. details
B. detail
C. specific
D. topic
19. _______ you work hard, you are surely to succeed.
A. Only
B. Even if
C. As long as
D. As
20. Don‘t worry; I have _______ opportunities to pursue my study.
A. few
B. numerous
C. slim
D. much
II. Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
In recent years many countries had been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that be done to create it.
Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is
making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to great productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
21. According to the author, varied jobs _______.
A. make workers more productive
B. make the worker‘s life more enjoyable
C. make workers work much harder
D. make things much easier for workers
22. Different from the first group of experts, other experts believe that _______.
A. jobs should be made more interesting
B. factories should have more complicated machinery
C. workers‘ wages must be sufficiently increased
D. workers should be given the freedom to do jobs in their way
23. It is clear from the passage that the author considers _______.
A. a sense of contribution to the product important
B. a sense of responsibility of the worker significant
C. a large number of production lines essential
D. a large number of workers highly necessary
24. In the passage, the author seems to suggest that _______.
A. more money leads to demands for shorter working hours
B. more money does not automatically create higher productivity
C. workers like more money better than more interesting jobs
D. workers expect to have both more money and more interesting jobs
25. The key issue that the author discusses in this passage is _______.
A. how to make workers enjoy life better
B. how to make workers work shorter hours
C. how to make workers more productive
D. how to make jobs more interesting to workers
Passage 2
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads, and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.
One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
26. A small population may mean _____.
A. higher productivity, but a lower average income
B. lower productivity, but a higher average income
C. lower productivity and a lower average income
D. higher productivity and a higher average income
27. According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing ________.
A. agriculture
B. transport system
C. industry
D. national economy
28. In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate
A. goes up
B. goes down
C. remains stable
D. is out of control
29. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for ________.
A. a developing nation
B. a developed nation
C. every nation with a big population
D. every nation with a small population
30. It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because
_______.
A. there are too many underdeveloped countries
B. underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development
C. different governments have different views of the questions
D. even developed countries may have complex problems
III. Cloze
Can you imagine how you would feel if you feel dangerously ill and could not reach or call a doctor?
Millions of people 31 the world are in this unfortunate 32 , living in distant places 33 there are no railways, no proper roads and no telephones. Thousands of 34 are lost every year, 35 could have been saved if medical attention 36 in time.
37 today help could be brought quickly and easily 38 many of these people 39 full advantage was taken 40 the aeroplane. 41 country has proved this 42 than Australia.
The Australians 43 greater use of the aeroplane than any 44 people in the world. In no other country 45 the total number of miles flown by the 46 person so high. In fact it has been 47 that Australians jump into planes 48 people in other countries jump into trains and buses! It is not surprising 49 , that Australia should have been the first country 50
a Flying Doctor Service.
31. A. on B. through C. all over D. within
32. A. society B. world C. way D. position
33. A. where B. because C. although D. which
34. A. people B. children C. families D. lives
35. A. when B. in which C. which D. they
36. A. had been provided B. had been paid more
C. was given
D. was provided
37. A. Even B. But C. Finally D. So
38. A. from B. with C. in D. to
39. A. but B. if C. and D. unless
40. A. of B. from C. about D. on
41. A. One B. Any C. Not D. No
42. A. better B. worse C. more D. less
43. A. made B. did C. were making D. make
44. A. of B. else C. other D. Japanese
45. A. of B. in C. are D. is
46. A. living B. average C. brave D. medical
47. A. suggested B. estimated C. worked out D. said
48. A. when B. while C. as D. but
49. A. therefore B. in a way C. perhaps D. accordingly
50. A. of B. to develop C. made up of D. into
IV. Translation
1．我们应重视素质教育，使身心同时得到发展。
2．这个观点尽管看上去有理，却没得到证实。
3．形势的紧张程度使她每次听到钟声，都会动情。
4．在我的想象中，他从未做过问心有愧的事。
5．那些素不相识的人写信来祝贺我们的成功，这使我大吃一惊。
1. V ocabulary and Structure
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. A 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. B II. Reading Comprehension
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. C III. Cloze
31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B IV. Translation
1. We should attach importance to quality-oriented education to make the body along with the mind developed.
2. This view, plausible as it may appear, is not borne out by facts.
3. With the intensity of the situation, she could never hear those chimes without emotion.
4. In my mind‘s eye, he has done nothing to be ashamed of.
5. What startled me was the letters from persons unknown congratulating us on our success.
中国人从小就相信英雄得具有大无畏和自我牺牲精神)。当国家利益和个人利益相冲突时，英雄们总是选择牺牲自己。刘胡兰和董存瑞在中国家喻户晓。1947年，15岁的刘胡兰由于积极投身中国解放运动而被敌人杀害。战士董存瑞手托炸药包，炸毁了敌人的碉堡，并献出了自己的生命。但是，随着时间的推移，英雄的标准已经多样化，人们开始质疑这些英雄是否仍然是当今的楷模 Chinese people are brought up to believe that a hero has to be associated with tremendous courage and self-sacrifice. Whenever there is a contradiction between the interest of nation and their own, Chinese heroes always choose to sacrifice themselves. Both Liu Hulan and Dong Cunrui are household names in China. Liu was a 15-year-old girl killed by the enemy in 1947 for being actively involved in liberation of China. And Dong was a soldier who blew off the enemy blockhouse by holding a pack of explosives in his hand and killed himself in the explosion. However, it is open to question whether they can still be role models today since the criteria for heroes have diversified along with the passage of time. 汉语常被认为是一种非常古老的语言。从某种意义上说，这种说法不免失之偏颇。人类所有的语言都可追溯到朦胧的史前时期)，但目前我们还无法确定这些语言是否都同宗同源。五千年前华夏祖先说汉语的方法同英语人士的祖先说英语的方式大致相似。而从另一种意义上说，汉语确实也是一种很古老的语言。今天所存留下来的最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史。这些文字均为甲骨雕文 Chinese is often termed as a very old language. In a sense such a statement is misleading. All human languages go back to the dim uncertainty of prehistory, and at present we have no way of knowing for sure whether or not they can all be traced back to the same root. Five thousand years ago the ancestors of Chinese people spoke an early form of Chinese language in much the same way that the ancestors of English-speaking people were using English. In another sense, however, Chinese is indeed a very old language. The earliest written forms of Chinese in existence today date back nearly 4,000 years. These writings are incisions on bones and tortoise shell. 去年年底公布的一次全国范围的调研结果描绘了18至19岁的一代青年人对公众事件漠不关心的现象。这一代青年与以前的青年相比，所知的更少，所关心的更少，也更少评论领导人和社会制度。这一代人对政治、政府乃至有关外面世界的新闻报道的冷漠态度已经开始影响中国的政治和社会。至今还没有人能充分地解释这一现象。也许缺乏能鼓动人心的事件，家庭的衰落以及网络的兴起可以解释一二。年轻人自己则认为这是公民教育的缺陷引起，并且不断地谈到他们的压力—对就业和成绩全力以赴的关注以及对职业前景的担忧。 The findings of a national study released late last year paint a portrait of a generation of young adults, from 18 to 19 years of age, who are indifferent toward public affairs. It is a generation that knows less, cares less, and is less critical of its leaders and institutions than young people in the past. The indifference of this generation - to politics, to government, even to news about the outside world - is beginning to affect Chinese politics and society. No one has yet offered a full explanation why this should be so. The lack of mobilizing issues is part of the answer, as are the decline of the family and the rise of internet. Young people themselves mention the weakness of their civic education, and they talk incessantly of stress - their preoccupation with getting jobs or grades and their concern about their job prospects.
01. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn't take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner. 02. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 03. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 04. 他们利润增长，部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 05. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 06. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 07. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 08. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。 Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 09. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。 The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 10. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 11. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。 The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 12. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。 This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. 13. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。 You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 14. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure.) There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to head the research there. 15. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。 Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 16. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。 Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 17. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。 I have some reservations about the truth of your claim. 18. 她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。 She isn't particularly tall, but her slim figure gives an illusion of height. 19. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use "it" as the formal subject.) It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar. 20. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice. 21. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。 You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning. 22. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。 Allow me to take part in this project: I am more than a little interested in it. 23. 人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) Everyone knows that he is special: He is free to come and go as he pleases. 24. 看她脸上不悦的神色，我似乎觉得她有什么话想跟我说。 Watching the unhappy look on her face, I felt as though she wished to say something to me. 25. 他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation.)
第二版读写教程第四册unit1答案 Unit One III. 1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute 6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worship IV. 1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pa: 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected V 1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.0 7.1 8. L 9. A 10. D Collocation VI. 1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever 6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agony Word building VII. 1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified VIII. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery sentence Structure IX. 1. other than for funerals and weddings 2. other than to live an independent life 3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . ` 4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything . 5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center X. 1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night 2. would have; told him the answer 3. they needn't have gone at all 4. must have had too much work to do 5. might have been injured seriously Translation XI. - 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying
Vocabulary I 1. 1)insert 2)on occasion 3)investigate 4)In retrospect 5)initial 6)phenomena 7)attached 8)make up for 9)is awaiting 10)not; in the least 11)promote 12)emerged 2. 1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. 2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3)as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5)by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1)be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating 2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1. 1)continual 2)continuous 3)continual 4)continuous 2. 1)principal 2)principal 3)principle 4)principles 5)principal III 1.themselves 2.himself/herself 3.herself/by herself/on her own 4.itself 5.ourselves 6.yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises I.cloze 1. (1)contrast (2)exaggerating (3)priority (4)on the other hand (5)promoting
新视野大学英语（第2版）第4册Unit 1答案 III. 1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute 6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worship IV. 1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pa: 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected V 1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.0 7.1 8. L 9. A 10. D Collocation VI. 1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever 6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agony Word building VII. 1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified VIII. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery sentence Structure IX. 1. other than for funerals and weddings 2. other than to live an independent life 3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . ` 4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything . 5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center X. 1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night 2. would have; told him the answer 3. they needn't have gone at all 4. must have had too much work to do 5. might have been injured seriously XIII. 1 ．B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5. B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9. C 10.A II．D 12.C 13. D 14.A 15. C 16.D 17.B 18.C I9. A 20.D 新视野大学英语（第2版）第4册Unit 2答案 Section A Comprehension o f the text 1. He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood. 2. Because no one in Britain appeared to appreciate his talent for comedy. His comic figures did not conform to British standards. 3. Because his dress and behavior didn't seem that English. 4. It was the first movie in which Chaplin spoke. 5. He used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along without a prepared script. 6. His transformation of lifeless objects into other kinds of objects, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again. 7. She brought stability and happiness to him and became a center of calm in his family. 8. Comic. Vocabulary III. 1. coarse 2. betrayed 3. incident 4. postponed 5. execute 6. surrounding 7. applause 8. extraordinary 9. clumsy 10. sparked IV. 1. for 2. against 3. up 4. about 5. up 6. to 7. down 8. down 9. in 10. on V. l. I 2.J 3.B 4.D 5.E 6.G 7.F 8.L 9.N 10.A Collocation
VI. 1. service 2. help/hand 3. influence 4. guarantee 5. visit 6. span . 7. welcome 8. spirit 9. duties 10. buildings Word Building
新视野大学英语Book II课后练习题答案 Unit 1 Section A Language focus in use building Words learned new words formed -al/ial manager managerial editor editorial substantial substance survive survival traditional tradition marginal margin -cy Consistent consistency Accurate accuracy Efficiency efficient -y Recover recovery Minister ministry assemble assembly 5. 1.editorial 6.margin 11.consistency
cloze 7.Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to serious about into between upon allergic to lost attracted to 9.make sense upon as 9.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也 发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段，古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对于英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英 语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导 致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影，电视，音乐，贸易和技术，包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的 影响力尤其显著。 10.Translate the following paragraph into English Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process,Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art works well reflect calligraphers’ personal feeling, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligraphers’ handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world’s treasure house of culture and art. Section B 4.words in use 1.mysterious 5.recalled 9.expand 5.Expressions in use
Unit 1答案2版）第4册新视野大学英语（第4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything . 5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center III. X. 1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute 1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night 6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worship told him the answer 。2. would haveIV. 3. they needn't have gone at all 1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pa: 4. must have had too much work to do 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected 5. might have been injured seriously 1. 这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。Collocation The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been VI. developed. 1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever 研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时2. 6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agony 的梦。Word building Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, VII. no matter what we may have done during the day. 1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。3. 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their VIII. best. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。4. 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would sentence Structure do it. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的5. IX. 音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。1. other than for funerals and weddings Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day 2. other than to live an independent life become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who 3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . ` 1 / 7 seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. sentence structure 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。6. They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security. X. 1. it is a wonder to find
Unit 1 III. 1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute 6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worship IV. 1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected 10. at best V 1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.O 7.I 8. L 9. A 10. D Collocation VI. 1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever 6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agony Word building VII. 1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified VIII. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery Sentence Structure IX. 1. other than for funerals and weddings 2. other than to live an independent life 3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . ` 4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything . 5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center X. 1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night 2. would have; told him the answer 3. they needn't have gone at all 4. must have had too much work to do 5. might have been injured seriously Translation XI. - 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.
Lesson 25 Do the English speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗？ Why does the writer not understand the porter? I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English? 参考译文 我终于到了伦敦。火车站很大，又黑又暗。我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走，于是向一个搬运工打听。我的英语 讲得不但非常认真，而且咬字也非常清楚。然而搬运工却不明白我的话。我把问话重复了很多遍。他终于听懂 了。他回答了，但他讲得既不慢也不清楚。“我是个外国人，”我说。于是他说得慢了，可我还是听不懂。我的 老师从来不那样讲英语！我和搬运工相视一笑。接着，他说了点什么，这回我听懂了。“您会很快学会英语 的！”他说。我感到奇怪。在英国，人们各自说着一种不同的语言。英国人之间相互听得懂，可我却不懂他们的话！他们说的是英语吗？ 【New words and expressions】（5） railway n. 铁路，铁道 [U] (Br.) / railroad (Am.) a line of railway 一条铁路 railway station 火车站 railway n. 轨道 (pl.) [C] eg. The railway was opened to traffic last year. 这条铁路是去年通车的。 high level railway 高架铁路 表示―地铁‖的词汇： subway ['s?bwei] (Am.) tube [tju:b] (Br.) underground (Br.) metro ['metr?u] (Paris) 地铁 rail n. 横杆，扶手，围栏，轨道 jump rail 出轨
Unit7-Unit2 大英课后练习答案． 新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 7 Vocabulary III. 1. identify 2. attach 3. instinct 4. polish 5. unusual 6. offend 7. detail 8. slight 9.
foundation 10. rob IV. 1. details 2. robbed 3. offended 4. polishing 5. identify 6. slight 7. instinct 8. attached 9. foundation 10. unusual V. 1.attached to 2. Looking through 3. hold dear 4. pulling into 5. face to face with 6. rather than 7. out of control 8. eaten away at 9. have mercy on 10. got to their feet VI. 1. G 2.H 3.J 4.L 5.O 6.A 7.C 8.M 9.D 10.E Sentence structure 1. They should have their pay increased. 2. I had my first book accepted for publication that year. 3. George had his papers taken form him at the police station 4. I had my wallet stolen while I was on holiday. 5. The couple are going to have their wedding photos enlarged at the store. VIII. 1. rather than to her daughter 2. rather than harm them 3. rather than leaving everything to the last minute 4. Rather than using the last of my cash