2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题.doc

2018年外国语学院外国语言文学博士招生目录及考试科目一、简介外国语言文学一级学科博士学位授权点旨在培养热爱祖国、拥护中国共产党、矢志不移致力于外国语言学及应用语言学和外国文学研究的高级专门人才；培养学生具有专注的学术精神、优良的学术品质、厚实的专业功底、广博的学科知识、独立从事科研工作的能力，能在当代社会和学术语境下进行创新研究，服务于我国的语言文学研究与教学；培养学生具有国际视野和国际层面上的学术能力，能在全球化的学术背景下从事高水平研究。

外国语言文学博士点共设有三个二级学科，分别是外国语言学及应用语言学、英语语言文学和德语语言文学。

外国语言文学博士点学共有6个学科方向：1.认知语言学/语义学2.语料库语言学3.对比语言学4.翻译学5.英美文学6.德语近现代文学二、学科方向1.认知语言学/语义学方向认知语言学是认知科学的重要组成部分,它强调人的身体和心智对于外部世界的经验对语言的核心作用。

认知语言学致力于研究语言的普遍原则与人的认知规律之间的和谐一致，其研究成果与认知科学其他学科的成果相互支撑。

认知语言学理论对实际语言现象的解释；根据实际语料提出相关理论假设；解决语言教学与研究中出现的重大理论与实践问题等。

导师：李福印2.对比语言学方向本学科方向以认知功能语言学为理论基础，开展各个层面的跨语言对比与认知研究，以寻求语言的规律性解释，以及可用于外语教学、语言习得和日常交际等实际问题的原理。

主要研究内容包括：1）语言对比角度，侧重于汉英两种语言的共时对比研究，关注跨语言研究的经典话题与前沿课题；2）认知语法学角度，侧重于对不同语言的使用特点进行认知研究，包括理论、方法与应用研究导师：王义娜3.翻译学方向。

1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other localdistricts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troopsare withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. ClozeDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor MitchAltman of San Fran cisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensiveDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsor ed by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals. McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at P urdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.。

中共中央党校2018年博士研究生(统一考试)招生章程一、培养目标培养德智体全面发展，在本学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专业知识，具有理论联系实际、独立从事科学研究的能力，善于创造性工作的高级专门人才。

二、招生类别1．非定向培养博士研究生：脱产学习三年，需将人事档案转到学校，毕业时根据国家就业政策“双向选择”。

2．定向培养博士研究生：保证脱产学习至少一年，考生工作单位、录取学校、考生本人三方签署定向培养协议，毕业后回原单位工作。

三、报考条件1．中华人民共和国公民，拥护中国共产党的领导，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，品德良好，遵纪守法。

2．符合下列情况之一者：（1）已获得硕士学位的人员；（2）应届硕士毕业生（须在入学前获得硕士学位）；3．非学历教育（单证，只有学位证书而无毕业证书）的专业学位考生或同等学力申请硕士学位人员报考我校博士生必须在报名前已获硕士学位。

4．在境外获得的学位证书须提交教育部留学服务中心的认证。

5．身体健康状况符合国家规定的体检要求。

6．报考非定向培养博士生的考生至入学时未满35周岁（1983年8月31日以后出生）；报考定向培养博士生的考生至入学时未满45周岁（1973年8月31日以后出生）。

四、报名时间及有关手续我校2018年博士研究生一律采取网上报名，具体事项如下：（一）报名时间2017年11月10日9:00－12月10日17:00。

提前报名无效，逾期不予补报，报名截止后不得修改所报信息。

（二）报名流程考生登录我校报名网址：http://121.42.172.162:9101/(S(mgexbi0q0ew3uv5h22hywtim))/dr/login.aspx，浏览报名须知，在网上填报本人真实信息和上传照片。

考生报名前应仔细核对本人是否符合报考条件，提供准确、真实的个人信息、个人照片及相关材料。

考生必须严格按照报名系统规定的格式和像素上传本人照片。

对弄虚作假者，不论何时，一经查实，即按有关规定取消报考资格、录取资格或学籍，并上报教育主管部门和在网上公布。

中国政法大学外国语学院关于博士研究生第一外国语学习和考试的规定根据教育部《研究生外国语学习和考试的规定试行草案》的相关规定，结合我校博士 研究生第一外国语学习的实际情况， 特作如下规定： 学制为一学期，共 64 学时，4 学分。

一、第一外语为英语 （一）博士研究生符合下列条件之一者，可于入学后第一周携带相应的成绩证明原件到 研究生外语办公室递交免修考试申请，并在规定时间参加免修考试。

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 新托福标准分 100 分以上（2 年内有效） ； GRE 成绩 2000 分（含）以上（5 年内有效） ； GMAT 成绩 700 分（含）以上（5 年内有效） ； WSK （PETS5）考试成绩合格（2 年内有效） ； 雅思考试成绩 7 分（含）以上（2 年内有效） ； 本科或硕士阶段为英语专业； 在相应外语国家获得过学位。

矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥。

（二）免修考试成绩优秀者具备免修免考资格，获得相应的成绩和学分；免修考试成绩 良好者具备免修不免考资格，可免修英语课程的课堂学习，但必须参加学校组织的期末考 试，成绩合格者获得相应的成绩和学分。

聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇。

（三）其余学生必须参加课堂学期，从所开设的课程中任选两门学习，期末参加相应课 程的考试，成绩由平时成绩，期末成绩按比例综合认定。

70 分以下者第二学年跟下一届学 1/5生重修。

残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆。

二、第一外语为其他语种 （一）第一外语为非英语语种的博士研究生，如果在本科阶段、硕士阶段为法、日、 德、俄、西班牙、意大利等语言文学专业本科生或硕士研究生或者在相应外语国家获得过 学位，可申请该第一外国语课程的免修考试。

酽锕极額閉镇桧猪。

（二）免修考试成绩优秀者具备免修免考资格，获得相应的成绩和学分；免修考试成 绩良好者具备免修不免考资格，可免修该外语课程的课堂学习，但必须参加学校组织的期 末考试，成绩合格者获得相应的成绩和学分。

2006-2018年北京大学外国语学院比较文学与世界文学考研真题2018年北京大学外国语学院比较文学与世界文学考研真题文学理论一、名解：1、黑人性诗歌2、朗吉努斯3、《拉丁美洲：被切开的血管》4、美国移民文学5、小说化6、文学场域二、简答1、非洲文学理论特点2、俄国普罗普文论3、艾略特论17世纪玄学派诗人4、解释东方、非洲、文学5、分析泰戈尔的戏剧6、用两部作品分析反高潮7、本雅明论译文的一段话8、翻译与世界文学关系三、论述1、文学的政治化阐释2、欧洲浪漫主义文学和象征主义文学异同3、结构主义与后结构主义关系世界文学史一、名解1、维吉尔2、南非戏剧家阿索尔·福加德3、超现实主义4、石黑一雄5、加利西亚·葡萄牙语抒情诗6、《星辰时刻》二、简答1、纪伯伦“生命神圣性”2、《金云翘传》3、但丁对意大利文学的影响4、自传与他传5、分析若泽·萨拉马戈的小说6、分析帕斯的诗歌《兄弟情谊》7、彼得大帝和叶卡捷琳娜二世改革对俄罗斯文学影响8、十月革命一百周年，十月革命对俄罗斯文学影响三、论述1、阿契贝作品反映的尼日利亚社会现实2、基督教与西方中世纪文学3、后殖民文学与世界文学2017外国语学院比较文学与世界文学真题一，名词解释。

《斐多篇》‘散文滑稽史诗’《戏剧的小工具篇》‘美是生活’味论原型批评二，简答1，唯实论和现实主义小说的关系2，世界文学的黑人性3，‘象征是通往无限的钥匙’你的理解4，内部研究与外部研究区分的理据5，中国古典文论对日本文论的影响6，谈谈你对小说叙述中的全知视角的理解7，精神分析法与文学文本的关系8，《食人主义宣言》中‘tupi or not tupi , that's a question .’的理解9，‘艺术非人化’和艾略特‘非个性化’的区别10，西方诗剧，歌剧与西方话剧的区别三，论述题1，语言学对西方文论的影响2，亚里士多德模仿论和莎士比亚镜子说的区别3，举2，3例，说明互文性与抄袭的区别世界文学史一，名词解释《埃涅阿斯纪》七星诗社颓废派运动《雪国》阿列克西耶维奇托尔金二，简答1，古希腊琴歌的特点2，古印度文学和古波斯（阿拉伯）文学的联系3，举例说明伏尔泰哲理小说的核心思想4，举例说明莫里哀戏剧体现了新古典主义的哪些特征5，《恶之花》和《包法利夫人》在当时被认为有伤风化，谈谈你的看法6，列举不同国家的两部游记，谈谈他们对世界的认知7，‘多余人’‘小人物’‘新人’的审美诉求8，流亡文学，侨民文学，离散文学的异同9，列举三位参加过西班牙内战的非西班牙作家，谈谈西班牙内战对他们创作的影响10，指出作者，并分析这首诗自我心理志诗人是个造假者。

上海外国语大学2018年博士研究生入学考试英语一试题（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共7页）I．Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%)1. A group of writers posted a letter on the website to accuse Ba idu, China’s largest search engine, _____ copyright violation.A. overB. ofC. againstD. about2. Tiger Mother argues that in Chinese culture____ is fun until you are good at it.A. anythingB. everythingC. somethingD. nothing3. It is illegal to make _______ beggars on the streets that every citizen has the right to stop this crime.A. such little childrenB. such few childrenC. so little childrenD. so few children4. Coca-Cola will invest more in China over the coming three years than they _____ in the entire period between 1979 and 2009.A. doB. didC. have doneD. had done5. US Vice-President Joe Biden ____ the local dishes in a small restaurant in Beijing, for he ate almost everything.A. should have enjoyedB. would have enjoyedC. can’t have enjoyedD. must have enjoyed6. We believe that the government in Beijing will provide migrant workers’ children with public education, _____?A. will itB. won’t itC. don’t weD. don’t they7. Hans.J.Wegner, the first Danish designer to achieve worldwide fame for simplicity, always believes that Remove material____ it is not needed.A. unlessB. so thatC. whereD. in case8. Kids in the new century no longer take ____ their parents impose on him for granted.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether9. Wait at least 24 hours before you buy a big-ticket item, or you will make a purely emotional purchase___ you may regret later.A. whichB. for whichC. about whichD. at which10. The elimination of Bin Laden hardly eliminates the threat of terrorism, _____ the lessening of security procedures.A. it will nor lead toB. nor it will lead toC. it nor will lead toD. nor will it lead to11. The research, ____ by the end of this year, will pave the way for future development.A. to be concludedB. to concludeC. concludedD. have concluded.12. People still lack knowledge about what can be recycled and what cannot, especially when it comes to _____ kitchen garbage.A. sortB. sortingC.sortedD. having sorted13.________, Harry Porter is no longer a boy wizard but a responsible and mature young man.A. Growing upB. Having grown upC. Being grown upD. Having been grown up14. At least 60 percent of workers are supposed to be given access to physical examinations ______ their work is dangerous.A. if onlyB. untilC. providedD. whether15. The reason why we set up “a green responsibility card” is to gi ve people__ a feeling of accomplishment.A．involves B. involving C. involved D. having involvedSection B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)16. You've ________ me a difficult question which I cannot answer.A. posedB. setC. producedD. presented17. The hungry children made a(n) _________ on the kitchen and took all the cakes.A. raidB. assaultC. surpriseD. attack18. The wartime government first ________ men into the forces from nonessential industries.A. enrolledB. absorbedC. recruitedD. admitted19. She wore a _______ white silk dress.A. sheerB. decentC. perfectD. thin20. He does, however, prefer _______ clothes to uniforms.A. ordinaryB. civilianC. customaryD. practical21. There are still many countries where the death penalty is the _______ against murder.A. sanctionB. preventionC. frightD. threat22. Our chances of winning are ________ ;nevertheless, we shall strive to get the best result.A. fragileB. slimC. limpD. feeble23. He spoke so rapidly that I didn't _____ the meaning of what he said.A. captureB. seizeC. catchD. receive24. Only the Chinese have successfully ________ pandas and raised their babies in captivity.A. bredB. fedC. producedD. brought up25. Yesterday's solutions are not always _______ to today's problems.A. favorableB. complementaryC. supplementaryD. applicable26. We’ll show you a film of the _____ of the competition, as there isn't time for the whole thing.A. essenceB. focusC. highlightsD. center27. Buying a new car was first on my list of ________.A. superiorityB. urgencyC. prioritiesD. emergency28. As he is aging, his _______ is getting worse. You have to speak to him in a loud voice.A. hearingB. listeningC. smellingD. tasting29. The travelers in the desert suffered from _____ in the hot sun.A. hungerB. thirstC. fatigueD. boredom30. There has been a serious ______ on the motorway, involving a container lorry and three cars.A. breakdownB. smash-upC. breakupD. conflictII. Cloze Test (20%, @1%)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange 31 to use as money, 32 in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an 33 necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their 34 , were used as money in some countries until recent 35 , and cakes of salt 36 buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.Sea shells 37 as money at some time 38 another over the greater part of the Old World. These were 39 mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the 40 from East to West.Metal, valued by weight, 41 coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries 42 paper money. It can either be exchanged 43 goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, 44 in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The 45 of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays, coins and notes have 46 nearly all the more picturesque 47 of money, and 48 in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial 49 such as weddings and funerals, examples of 50 money will soon be found only in museums.31. A. object B. article C. substance D. category32. A. but B. and C. so D. even33. A. abstract B. advantageous C. abundant D. absolute34. A. weight B. value C. role D. size35. A. times B. events C. situations D. conditions36. A. even B. also C. still D. never37. A. had been used B. are used C. would be used D. would have been used38. A. and B. but C. yet D. or39. A. collected B. produced C. grown D. raised40. A. city B. district C. community D. continent41. A. processed B. produced C. preceded D. proceeded42. A. in spite of B. instead of C. along with D. in line with43. A. against B. as C. in D. for44. A. often B. seldom C. really D. much45. A. earlier B. earliest C. better D. best46. A. replaced B. reproduced C. reflected D. recovered47. A. sizes B. shapes C. formats D. forms48. A. while B. although C. because D. if49. A. events B. gatherings C. occasions D. assemblies50. A. original B. primitive C. historical D. crudeIII. Reading Comprehension(10%, @1%)Directions: In this part there are two passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.Passage OneWe can begin our discussion of "population as global issue" with what most persons mean when they discuss "the population problem": too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the numberadded each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to "a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes."To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 B.C. till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2050 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuseanalogy?A. A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B. A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C. Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D. A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility andlower mortality.2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinctionbecause___.A. only one in ten persons could live past 40.B. there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.C. it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.D. our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.3.Which statement is true about population increase?A. There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2050.B. About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C. Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D. The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.4.The author of the passage intends to___.A. warn people against the population explosion in the near future.B. compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C. find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D. present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.5.The word "demographic" in the first paragraph means___.A. statistics of human.B. surroundings study.C. accumulation of human.D. development of human.PASSAGE BChinese Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general and higher occupational status. The Chinese have risen to this position despite some of the harshest discrimination and violence faced by any immigrants to the United States in the history of this country. Long confined to a narrow range of occupations they succeeded in those occupations and then spread out into other areas in later years, when opportunities finally opened up for them. Today much of the Chinese prosperity is due to the simple fact that they work more and have more (usually better) education than others. Almost one out of five Chinese families has three or more income earners compared to one out of thirteen for Puerto Ricans, one out of ten among American Indians, and one out of eight among Whites. When the Chinese advantages in working and educational are held constant, they have no advantage over other Americans. That is in a Chinese Family with a given number of people working and with a given amount of education by the head of the family, the income is not only about average for such families, and offer a little less than average.While Chinese Americans as a group are prosperous and well-educated Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, and illiteracy is much higher among the Chinese than among Americans in general. Those paradoxes are due to sharp internal differences. Descendants of the Chinese Americans who emigrated long ago from Toishan Province have maintained Chinese values and have added acculturation to American society with remarkable success. More recent Hong Kong Chinese are from more diverse cultural origins, and acquired western values and styles in Hong Kong, without having acquired the skills to proper and support those aspirations in the American economy. Foreign-born Chinese men in the United States are one-fourth lower incomes than native-born Chinese even though the foreign-born have been in the United States an average of seventeen years. While the older Hong Kong Chinese work tenaciously to sustain and advance themselves, the Hong Kong Chinese youths often react with resentment and antisocial behavior, including terrorism and murder. The need to maintain tourism in Chinatown causes the Chinese leaders to mute or downplay these problems as much as possible.6.According to the passage, today, Chinese Americans owe their prosperity to___.A. their diligence and better education than others.B. their support of American government.C. their fight against discriminations.D. advantages in working only.7.The passage is mainly concerned with___.A. Chinese Americans today.B. social status of Chinese Americans today.C. incomes and occupational status of Chinese Americans today.D. problems of Chinese Americans today.8.Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, as is probably associated with___.A. most descendants of Chinese Americans are rebelling.B. most descendants of Chinese Americans are illiterate.C. sharp internal difference between Chinese coming from different cultural backgrounds.D. only a few Chinese Americans are rich.9.Which of the following statements is not true according to this article?A.As part of the minority, Chinese Americans are still experiencing discrimination in Americantoday.B. Nowadays, Chinese Americans are working in wider fields.C. Foreign-born Chinese earn lower income than native-born Chinese Americans with the similaradvantages in the U.S.D. None of the above.10.According to the author, which of the following can best describe the older Hong Kong Chinese andthe youngerA. Tenacious; rebellion.B. Conservative; open-minded.C. Out-of-date; fashionable.D. Obedient; disobedient.IV. Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.More people than ever now work from home for part or all of the week. Such flexibility can seem a good idea, but many people find it difficult to manage their time. Working from home in isolation can also prevent people from engaging in the daily interpersonal relationships that working life can offer –and which can help creativity and improve our mental well-being.In an ordinary workplace, we are helped in our time management by the fact that our access to many temptations is limited. We don’t have to constantly monitor ourselves as our colleagues or bosses are likely to be doing so. While we might bemoan our lack of choice about what we do and when – such as attending a two-hour meeting – we can also be relieved of the need to make choices about what to do next.But when working from home, temptations abound which can eat up our time. Food is in the fridge or can be bought in a quick trip to the shops. Excitement of all kinds can be easily accessed through social media, websites or games which will enthrall us. For some, the temptations to use their time “badly”, particularly onlin e, can be very seductive. At any moment there is a delicate balance of power within: between our creative, constructive side and the side which seeks easier gratification and mindlessness.V. Writing(20%)Directions: Write an essay of about 200 words according to the following prompt. A title is needed.The past few years have witnessed a mounting number of universities allowing students to evaluate their teachers and even decide if they can stay on their positions. Some say that students know the most clearly about the performance of a teacher; some say it is dangerous to leave the right to students to evaluate teachers. Is it up to students to evaluate their teachers? What’s your opinion?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, language and organization.。

应届研究生想考上博士，除非考自己导师的，要不就是自己实力超强，起码研究生阶段发个几篇核心期刊论文，然后对研究方向有相当深刻认识，否则......全国英语专业博士点(2009-03-05 17:09:39)标签：考研杂谈设有“英语语言文学”博士点的高校（共27所）北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学、中国社会科学院研究生院、北京外国语大学中国人民解放军外国语学院、中国人民解放军通信指挥学院厦门大学、山东大学、四川大学、河南大学复旦大学、上海外国语大学、华东师范大学南京大学、苏州大学、南京师范大学东北师范大学、湖南师范大学南开大学、中山大学2006年新增英语博士点福建师范大学、华中师范大学北京语言大学、浙江大学中南大学、西南大学设有“外国语言学及应用语言学”博士点的高校（共9所）北京外国语大学复旦大学、上海交通大学、上海外国语大学南京大学广东外语外贸大学06年新增英语博士点同济大学、中山大学、南京师范大学同时设有1:“外国语言学及应用语言学”和2:“英语语言文学”博士点的高校（共6所）北京外国语大学复旦大学、上海外国语大学南京大学中山大学、南京师范大学英语专业考研考博全国重点院校推荐(2009-08-14 22:17:25)标签：教育北京大学英语语言文学为国家重点学科、与外国语言学及应用语言学均为一级博士点1919年北京大学建立英语系，胡适任系主任。

至今已有83年的历史。

北大英语系是我国第一批硕士点和博士点之一，也是外国语言文学专业的博士后流动站和国家第一批重点学科点。

研究门类齐全、研究实力雄厚。

英语系研究生共设有英语文学、英语语言学、美国研究、翻译研究、和英语教育等五个专业方向，学制为3年。

现任院长程朝翔教授。

教授23名。

具有博士学位的22名。

英语系出版了大量学术专著、骨干教材和优秀译作。

攻读博士学位继续深造、在国家部委、外事部门、各级政府、新闻出版等外事部门任职北京外国语大学语语言文学为国家重点学科、与外国语言学及应用语言学均为一级学科博士点英语学院成立于2001年，现任院长为孙有中教授。

旭晨教育-2018年全国医学博士考博英语一本通含2016历年真题答案听力上册目录目录《考博英语一本通》系列丛书序言3考博英语一本通使用说明5第一部分考试指南7一、博士研究生考试指南7二、考博前期准备8三、导师联系和公关13四、专业和院校选择19五、专业课复习策略20六、资料和真题收集方法22七、面试技巧23第二部分医学考博英语复习指导25一、全国医学博士外语统一考试简介25二、全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲26三、全国医学博士英语统一考试试题分析27四、医学考博英语复习策略32第三部分考博英语专项突破35第一章词汇突破——大规模记忆词汇的方法35医学考博英语词汇题型概述及考情分析35第一节、概述35第二节、大规模记忆词汇的基本方法37第三节、词缀39第四节、词汇解题思路43第五节、考博词汇综合练习（Exercise One- Exercise Twelve）53第二章阅读理解84医学考博英语阅读题型概述及考情分析84第一节、核心理论－化繁为简去伪存真86第二节、解题技巧1－框架结构阅读模版90第三节、解题技巧2－问题类型解题要点102第四节、精准定位－原文命题高发考点118第五节、精准理解－高频词汇长难词句124第六节、阅读理解实战讲解133第七节、阅读理解综合练习137第三章完形填空153医学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析153第一节概述:考试目的和内容156第二节解题方法：一个中心157第三节解题方法：两个结构之层层递进158第四节解题方法：两个结构之对立观点160第五节解题方法：三个层次之篇章161第六节解题方法：三个层次之语法164第七节解题方法：三个层次之词汇165第八节完形填空综合练习(Exercise One-Ten) 167第四章英语写作179医学考博英语写作题型概述及考情分析179第一节、摘要写作概述179第二节、英文摘要写作180第三节、英文短文写作技巧185第五章语法197医学考博英语语法概述及考情分析197第一节语法概述197第二节动词的时态和语态198第三节非谓语动词203第四节虚拟语气210第五节从句213第六节强调与倒装218第四部分医学考博英语历年真题2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析235 2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2522015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2562015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析271 2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2832014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2882014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析303 2014年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文319下册目录第四部分医学考博英语历年真题（续）32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析17 2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文242012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题292012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析41 2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文472011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷512011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析622011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文682010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题712010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析84 2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文892009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题922009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析103 2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文109 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1132008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析123 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文129 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1322007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析143 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文148 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1522006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析163 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文168 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1722005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析183 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文188 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1912004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析203 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文209 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2122003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析224 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文231 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2362002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析249 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文255 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2602001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析274 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文281第五部分参考资料284参考资料1:全国博士英语统一考试高频词组284参考资料2:考博英语形近易混淆词总结284参考资料3:考博英语完形填空常考词组及固定搭配汇总284参考资料4:考博英语万能写作模板284参考资料5:医学考博英语写作必记分类词汇284参考资料6:全国博士英语统一考试词汇大纲(医学）284。