1874年德国药物学家OswalddSchmiedebrg从洋地黄植物中提纯了洋地 黄毒甙,并证明是有效的强心成份。
三剑客
地高辛 是从毛花洋地黄中提取的有效成分
毒K 是从绿毒毛旋花的种子中提取的各种甙的混合物
西地兰 是毛花甙丙的脱乙酰基衍生物
1997年: 2963例,死亡12例 2008年: 2632例,死亡17例 2011年: cardiovascular drugs 死亡 128例
经胆道吸收入血,形成肝–肠循环 ✓ 血浆蛋白结合率:约25% 表观分布容积:6–10L/㎏,洋地黄在心脏组织中的浓度约为血液中浓度
的30倍 ✓ 在体内转化代谢很少,主要以原形由肾排除,每日以原形(60%-90%
)经肾排出体外,小部分由胆道排泄,约达口服量的7%
▪ 降低窦房结自律性:通过对心肌电活动的直接作用和对迷走神经 的间接作用
RESULTS: mortality was unaffected. There were 1181 deaths (34.8 percent) with digoxin and 1194 deaths (35.1 percent) with placebo. In the digoxin group, there was a trend toward a decrease in the risk of death attributed to worsening heart failure (P=0.06). There were 6 percent fewer hospitalizations overall in that group than in the placebo group, and fewer patients were hospitalized for worsening heart failure (26.8 percent vs. 34.7 percent; P<0.001)