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英汉翻译中的词性转换一、本文概述翻译，作为语言交流的桥梁，在跨文化、跨语言的交流中扮演着至关重要的角色。
英汉翻译，作为其中最为常见和重要的分支之一，其技巧与方法对于提高翻译质量和效率具有深远的影响。
在英汉翻译实践中，词性转换是一种常见的翻译技巧，其运用得当与否直接影响到译文的质量。
本文旨在探讨英汉翻译中的词性转换现象，分析其必要性、常见类型及其在英语汉语言特点下的应用，以期为翻译实践提供有益的参考和指导。
本文将简要介绍英汉翻译中词性转换的必要性，阐述为何在翻译过程中需要进行词性转换，以及这种转换对于提高翻译质量的重要性。
本文将详细分析英汉翻译中常见的词性转换类型，包括名词与动词之间的转换、形容词与副词之间的转换等，并结合具体实例进行说明。
本文将探讨英汉翻译中词性转换的应用策略，结合英语和汉语的语言特点，分析如何在实际翻译中灵活运用词性转换技巧，以实现译文的准确、流畅和地道。
通过本文的阐述和分析，希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和掌握英汉翻译中的词性转换技巧，提高翻译实践中的应变能力和翻译质量，推动英汉翻译事业的不断发展和进步。
二、词性转换的基本概念词性转换，即在翻译过程中，将源语言中的某一词类转换为目标语言中的另一词类，而不改变其原意，是英汉翻译中一种常见的翻译技巧。
这种技巧的运用，旨在使译文更加地道、流畅，更符合目标语言的表达习惯。
在英汉翻译中，由于两种语言的语法结构和表达习惯存在差异，因此，翻译时常常需要进行词性转换。
例如，英语中的动词在汉语中可能需要转换为名词、形容词或副词；同样，汉语中的名词在英语中也可能需要转换为动词、形容词或副词。
这种转换并不是随意的，而是需要基于对源语言和目标语言的理解和掌握，以及对翻译原则的遵循。
词性转换的翻译技巧可以分为两类：一是完全转换，即源语言中的某一词类完全转换为目标语言中的另一词类；二是部分转换，即源语言中的某一词类在转换为目标语言时，仍然保留部分原词类的特性。
动词变名词verb-noun1.在词尾加er,r,双写加er或or:,sing_singer,wait_waiter,find_finder,thrill_thriller,drive_driver,come_comer,explore_explorer,dance_dancer,win_winner,rob_robber,traval_travaller,invent_inventor2.在词尾加ing:build_building,draw_drawing,end_ending,begin_beginning,swim_swimming,skate_skating,feel_feeling,say_saying,mean_meaning,cross_crossing,surf_surfing,paint_painting3.在词尾加ion或去e加ion:,describe_description,produce_production,celebrate_celebration,pronounce_pronunciation,decorate_decorationgraduate_graduation,frustrate-frustration,pollute_pollutioncontribute_contribution,congratulate_congratulation,educate_education,organize_orgnization,donate_donation,appreciate_appreciation,operate_operation,invite_invitation,invent_invention,attract_attractionimpress_impression,inject_injection,instruct_instruction4.其它：know_knowledge,please_pleasure,enjoy_enjoyment,practise_practice,die_death,succeed_success,weigh_weight,sit_seat,change_chance,enter_entrance,fly_flight,rob_robbery,discover_discovery,faile_failure,appear_appearance,breathe_breath动词变形容词verb-adjective第一,后面加able,afford－affordable；以e结尾的动词则去e加able,love－lovable：表示具有此性质、特点或属性.第二,后面加ed,scatter－scattered；以e结尾的动词则直接加d,use－used：表示被动性的属性或特点.第三,不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式规律不大,意义同上.第四,后面加ing,run－running,die－dying,变为现在分词形式,有的去e加ing,有的双写加ing,有的改为y加ing,规律同现在分词,表示有正在主动的进行的属性或特点.1.词尾加ful:use-useful,care-careful,help-helpful,thank-thankfulpeace-peaceful,forget-forgetful,play-playful,succeed-successful,wonder-wonderful2.词尾加d或ed:please-pleased,unite-united,excite-excited,surprise-surprised,organize-organized,close-closed,wound-wounded,relax-relaxed,develop-developed,appreciate-appreciated,frustrate-frustrated,interest-interested,annoy-annoyed,use-used,frighten-frightened,crowd-crowded,thrill-thrilled,pollute-polluted3.词尾加ing:interest-interesting,surprise-surprising,excite-excitingdevelop-developing,frighten-frightening,thrill-thyrillingfrustrate-frustrating,relax_relaxing,live-livingrock-rocking,sleep-sleeping4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry-worried,marry-married,fry-fried,terrify–terrified,satisfy-satisfied 5.词尾加able:know-knowledgeable,enjoy-enjoyabe,suit-suitableadjust-adjustable,comfort-comfortable6.其它：lose-lost,fool-foolish,live-lively/alive/living,sleep-sleepy/sleeping/asleep,wake-awake,taste-tastyspeak-spoken,break-broken,die-dead,educate-educational,world-worldwide。
英语单词词性分类：动作和名词的转换英语单词词性分类：动词和名词的转换动词转名词1. -tion/-ation：许多动词可以通过添加-tion或-ation后缀来转换为名词，例如：- educate (动词) → education (名词)- create (动词) → creation (名词)2. -ing：通过添加-ing后缀，一些动词可以转换为动名词，例如：- run (动词) → running (动名词)- swim (动词) → swimming (动名词)- sing (动词) → singing (动名词)3. 不规则变化：还有一些动词转换成名词时存在不规则的变化，例如：- lose (动词) → loss (名词)- win (动词) → win (名词)- teach (动词) → teaching (名词)名词转动词1. -ize/-ise：通过添加-ize或-ise后缀，一些名词可以转换为动词，例如：- globalization (名词) → globalize (动词)- organization (名词) → organize (动词)- realization (名词) → realize (动词)2. 形容词转动词：一些名词也可以通过添加动词to be的形式来转换为动词，例如：- success (名词) → succeed (动词)- failure (名词) → fail (动词)- change (名词) → change (动词)3. 不规则变化：还有一些名词转换成动词时存在不规则的变化，例如：- child (名词) → child (动词)- water (名词) → wa ter (动词)- dog (名词) → dog (动词)以上是英语单词词性分类中，动词和名词的转换方式的简要介绍。
希望对您学习英语有所帮助！。
高中英语知识点归纳名词与动词的转化英语语法中，名词和动词是一对重要的词类，它们在句子中扮演着不同的角色和功能。
而在某些情况下，名词和动词之间可以通过一些转化的方法相互转换。
本文将从几个常见的角度总结归纳高中英语中名词和动词的转化。
一、名词转动词1. 加“-ize”或“-ify”将名词转化为动词的一种常见方法是在名词的词尾加上“-ize”或“-ify”。
例如：- 名词：global（全球）动词：globalize（全球化）- 名词：beauty（美丽）动词：beautify（美化）这种方式常用于表示将某事物进行某种处理或转变的动作。
2. 加前缀“en-”另一种将名词转化为动词的方式是在名词前面加上“en-”。
例如：- 名词：light（光）动词：enlighten（启发，开导）- 名词：length（长度）动词：lengthen（延长）这种方式常用于表示使某物具有某种特征或状态。
3. 加前缀“re-”有时，我们还可以通过在名词前面加上“re-”来转化为动词，表示重新做某事。
例如：- 名词：do（工作、任务）动词：redo（重新做）- 名词：build（建造）动词：rebuild（重建）这种方式常用于表示对以前做过的事情进行重复或重新进行。
二、动词转名词1. 加后缀“-ing”最常见的将动词转化为名词的方式是在动词词尾加上“-ing”。
例如：- 动词：run（奔跑）名词：running（跑步）- 动词：write（写）名词：writing（写作）这种方式常用于表示某个动作或状态。
2. 加后缀“-tion”或“-sion”有些动词可以通过在词尾加上“-tion”或“-sion”来转换成相应的名词。
例如：- 动词：inform（通知）名词：information（信息）- 动词：expand（扩大）名词：expansion（扩张）这种方式常用于表示某种行为、结果或状态。
3. 加后缀“-ment”另一种常见的动词转名词的方式是加上“-ment”后缀。
动词转换成名词动词转换成名词常见的有：(1）.动词+er→名词call →caller design→designer attack→attacker farm→farmer perform→performer wait→waiter work→worker teach→teacher keep→keeper paint→painter sell→seller speak→speaker wait→waiter clean→cleaner play→player sing→singer own→owner murder→murderer support→supporter climb→climber interview→interviewer report →reporter等.(2)。
动词+r→名词manage→manager write→writer dance→dancerdive→diver drive→driver strike→striker help→helper explore→explorer produce→producer等.注意：run→runner swim→swimmer travel→traveller win→winnerrob→robber kidnap→kidnapper shop→shopper cook→cook等。
（3）. 动词+or→名词visit→visitor invent→inventor direct→director等。
(4). 动词+(t）ion→名词act→action organize→organizationattract→attraction describe→description educate→educationinvent→invention oprate→opration discuss→discussionpollute→pollution expore→exploration decide→decision suggest→suggestionprotect→protection direct→direction present→presentationintroduce→introduction invite→invitation等.(5). 动词+ing→名词hear→hearing warn→warning check→checking kidnap→kidnapping cycle→cycling hike→hikingcamp→camping ski→skiing dive→diving climb→climbingfeel→feeling mean→meaning train→training walk→walkingpark→parking mean→meaning shop→shopping meet→meetingturn→turning cross→crossing begin→beginning build→building clean→cleaning draw→drawing paint→painting swim→swimming wash→washing raise→raising fight→fighting jog→jogging shake→shaking draw→drawing等。
动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertisingagree— (in )agreementapartment 公寓amusement 娱乐argue---argument争吵commit奉献—commitmentcompliment 称赞，恭维develop---developmentdisgree—disagreementdepartment 局，部experiment 实验，试验equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理2．V+ tion 结尾attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人；令人向往的地方conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争，比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----educationdecide----decisiondescribe—description描写，描绘express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式graduate 毕业—graduationoperate 操作，动手术—operationorganize----organization instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention invite—invitationinspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的--- pollute----pollution 污染predict---prediction 预言pronounce ---pronunciationresolve 决心-----resolution 决心permit 允许-----permissionsuggest-建议，暗示--suggestionsolve解决-----solution 解决方法3．V+ ance 结尾appear—appearance 外貌，出现perform----performance 演出4．V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathingend 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---trainingmean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语5．V+ 其他Beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐behave 行为，举止----behaviorknow---knowledgefly—flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时的人或物，碰撞mix 混合-----mixture 混合物press 按，压—pressure 压力sit-----seat 座位succeed-- successtour 在-----旅游，在-----作巡回演出直接+地点 tour China ---tour 旅游/ tourist 游客名词变形容词1.名词+yAnger 生气-----angryhunger---hungryfog—foggy有雾的fur----furry 毛皮的guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚的health---healthyluck---luckycloud---cloudywind—windyrain---rainysnow---snowysun—sunnytourist------touristy 游客多的business---busysalt 盐--- salty 咸的shine---shiny 发亮的silk 丝绸—silky 丝绸般的sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味，品味------tasty 甜的2.名词+ edbalance –balanced 平衡的spot 斑点，地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的organized 有组织的distusted 厌恶的offended 生气的crowded 拥挤的polluted 被污染的pleased 高兴的3．名词+ ful/less meaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的；粗心的help---helpful / helpless home—homeless 无家可归的colour---colourfulpain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的use---useless/ usefulthank—thankful 充满感激的peace 和平 ---- peaceful 平静的，宁静的playful 顽皮的，爱玩耍的4．名词+ ableadjustable 可调整的comfort---comfortableknowledge---knowledgeablesuit 一套-----suitable 合适的5.名词+ ousenormous 巨大的danger—dangerousmystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变 tconfidence----confidentdifference---different7. al 结尾medicine 药----medical 医学的music---musicalnature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的) nation—national 国家的education---educational有教育意义的tradition----traditional 传统的origin起源---original 新颖的；独创的8．名词+ lyfriend—friendlylive---lively 活跃的，有生气的love—lovely 可爱的9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的10. 其他energy精力---energeticfool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的，免费的height 高度—highillness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---deadpleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular pride---proudscientist----scientific 科学的方位的词表达名词—形容词East—easternWest—westernSouth—southernNorth---northernIn the west of ChinaIn the western part of China四大洲名词-----形容词Asia 亚洲–---- AsianAfrica 非洲----- African Europe欧洲----- European America 美洲-----American形容词变副词1．形容词+ lybad—badlybright—brightly 明亮地casual—casually 随意地clear—clearly 清楚地complete—completely 完全correct---correctly 正确地final--finallyfortunate—fortunately幸运地general—generally 一般来讲loud—loudlyparticular 特殊的，独特的—particularly polite—politelyproper 合适的-，恰当的---properlymain------mainly 主要地most 多数-----mostly 多半，大多数normal---normally 正常地quick—quicklyquiet—quietly 轻轻地，安静地real—reallyrecent 最近的----recently 最近；近来hard 难的；努力地---hardly 几乎不late 迟的—lately 最近；近来sad--sadlyslow---slowlyspecial—specially 专门，特殊地specific---specifically 特定地，明确地strong—strongly 坚决地，强烈地sudden—suddenly突然usual—usually2. 以le 结尾的去e + ycomfortable---comfortablygentle—gentlypossible---possiblysimple ----simply 仅仅；只；简单地terrible---terribly3. 辅音字母+ y 变 ilyeasy—easilyheavy—heavilyhappy--happily4.特殊good—well好地 well 身体健康的，井true—truly名词---形容词—副词beauty 美，美人—beautiful—beautifully care—careful—carefully care—careless—carelesslydifference---different---differently happiness—happy—happily hunger—hungry--hungrily health—healthy—healthily luck—lucky—luckily noise—noisy—noisily pride—proud—proudly骄傲地sadness—sad—sadlysafety 安全；安全的地方—safe—safely silence—silent---silently 默默地success—successful—successfully truth—true—truly unluck—unlucky—unluckilywonder 奇迹—wonderful—wonderfully既是形容词又是副词early get up early ；an early trainlate be late for classcome late for schooldeep dive deep into the seaa hole deep largehigh jump high；a high mountainhard a hard question；a hard stone work hard / study hardrain hardlong It takes too longIt takes a long timefar jump farMy home is far from school straight a straight linego straight along here三 . 派生：指由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。
英语词性转换规则大全(1).动词转化为名词，post-postage mail-mailweigh-weight advise-advice(2)动词转化成名词-形容词act-actor / actress-activechange-change-changeable(3) 动词转化成形容词，副词，名词fill-fullneed-necessary-necessarilyinterest(v. / n.) interested /interesting(4)n. a. n. a.名词转化为形容词person personal ( 个人的; 私人的 )fun funny(5)n. pl. n. pl.名词转化为名词复数gentleman gentlemen human humans（6)a. ad. a. ad.形容词转化为副词possible possibly probable probably(7)a. ad. n.形容词转化为副词，名词true truly truthlucky luckily luck(8)原级比较级最高级far farther / further farthest / furthestlittle less least一、名词变为形容词的方法1. 在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。
例如：rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky等。
注意：1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。
如：sun—sunny, fun—funny等。
2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加-y。
例如：noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。
2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。
例如：care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful等。
英语单词词性转换一、动词v.→名词n.1、词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.注意:1以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.2以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词,应双写末尾的辅音字母再加er; 例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.2.在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieve—achievement 成就advertise—advertisement例如:argue—argument争论3.在动词词尾加上-tion/sion变成名词例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;invent—invention discuss—discussion;express—expression educate—education;graduate—graduation; operate—operation 去e再加"ion"compete—competition; organize—organization 把e改成其他字母再加"tion"decide—decision conclude—conclusion 把de改为s再加"ion"describe—description描写,描绘这是特例,不规则变化4.在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appear—appearance 外貌;出现perform—performance 演出accept—acceptance 接受resist-resistance n.抵抗,阻力5.在动词词尾加-ing变成名词方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waitingbathe—bathing say—saying谚语 mean—meaning注意:以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词,应双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing 如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning二、动词v.→形容词adj.1.动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如: afford－affordable；love－lovable2.动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.例如: scatter－scattered use－used3不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同b.三.名词n.→形容词adj.1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词尤其是一些与天气有关的名词例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy,health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty内疚的tourist—touristy游客多的 , salt 盐—salty 咸的silk丝绸—silky丝绸般的, sleep—sleepy 昏昏欲睡的注意:1如果以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy有雾的, fur—furry毛皮的2少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y".如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny发亮的, taste口味—tasty甜的2.名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot斑点—spotted有斑点的; talent—talented 有天赋的organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced平衡的3.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful,use—useful, meaning—meaningful4.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的hope—hopeless没希望的,home—homeless无家可归的5.一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident 6.在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively7.在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: danger—dangerous prosperous a 繁荣的pro 在前+sper 希望+ous 8.名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: music—musical; medicine—medical 这个比较特殊9名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的 value—valuable有价值的10.名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: wood—wooden 木制的 wool—woolen 羊毛的四.形容词adj.→副词adv.▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly。
宝高高三总复习词语变形归纳★动词与名词的转换（v.----n.）（一）--mentabandon—abandonment accomplish—accomplishment achieve—achievement acknowledge---acknowledgement adjust---adjustment advertise—advertisement agree—agreement amaze—amazement announce—announcement appoint—appointment argue—ar gu ment arrange—arrangement assess—assessment astonish—astonishment attach---attachment attain—attainment commit---commitment develop—development disagree—disagreement disappoint---disappointment discourage---discouragement embarrass---embarrassment equip---equipment excite---excitement employ---employment encourage---encouragement enjoy---enjoymentgovern---government improve---improvement manage---management punish---punishment refresh---refreshment replace---replacement require---requirement retire---retirement settle---settlementtreat---treatment（二）--tionabolish—abolition absorb—absorption accumulate—accumulation accuse—accusation acquire—acquisition adapt—adaptation(改编（本) add—addition admire—admiration admit—admission adopt—adoption adore—adoration allocate—allocation apply—application appreciate—appreciation associate—association assume—assumption attract---attraction calculate—calculation cancel—cancellation celebrate---celebration clarify---clarification classify—classification collect---collection combine---combination communicate---communication compensate—compensation compete—competition complete---completion compromise---compromise concentrate---concentration condemn---condemnation confirm---confirmation congratulate---congratulation connect---connection consider---consideration construct---construction consume---consumption contradict---contradiction contribute---contribution correct---correction（纠正，改正之处）corrupt—corruption create---creationdeclare---declaration decorate---decoration delete---deletion describe—description destroy---destruction determine---determination devote---devotion discriminate—discrimination distribute--distributiondonate---donation elect---election erupt---eruption evaluate—evaluation examine---exam(ination) found---foundationexpect---expectation explain---explanation explore---exploration graduate---graduation hesitate---hesitation imagine---imaginationinform---information inspect---inspection inspire---inspirationinstruct---instruction intend---intention interrupt---interruption introduce---introduction invent---invention invite---invitationirrigate---irrigation multiply---multiplication negotiate---negotiationobserve---observation occupy---occupation operate---operationorganize---organization participate---participation pollute---pollutionpredict---prediction prepare---preparation prescribe---prescription preserve---preservation prevent---prevention produce---productionprohibit---prohibition promote---promotion pronounce---pronunciation protect---protection qualify---qualification react—reactionrealize---realization recommend---recommendation reduce---reductionreflect---reflection regulate---regulation reject---rejectionrelate---relation relax---relaxation repeat---repetition reserve—reservation satisfy---satisfaction select---selectionseparate---separation simplify---simplification starve---starvationsuggest---suggestion transform---transformation translate---translation transport---transport/transportation violate---violation（三）---sionconclude---conclusion confuse---confusion decide---decisiondiscuss---discussion divide---division explode---explosionexpress---expression extend---extension impress---impressionpersuade---persuasion possess---possession revise---revision（四）--turedepart—departure fix---fixture(固定物) furnish---furnituremix---mixture sign---signature（五）--ceaccept—acceptance advise—advice allow---allowance annoy—annoyance appear—appearance avoid—avoidance defend—defence differ---difference disappear---disappearancedisturb---disturbance exist---existence ignore---ignoranceinsure---insurance notify(通知v.)---notice(注意到v.)—notice(通知，注意n.) obey---obedience occur---occurence offend---offence perform---performance prefer—preference pretend---pretence resemble---resemblanceresist---resistance tolerate---tolerance choose—choice（六）--alapprove—approval arrive—arrival betray—betrayal dismiss—dismissal refuse---refusal remove---removalsurvive---survival（七）-ar/or/er(特殊的)beg—beggar compete—competitor conduct---conductoredit—editor educate---educator hang---hanger(衣架，挂钩)—hang(绞刑吏) contain—container(容器) laugh—laughter operate—operatorremind---reminder(提醒物) rob---ro bb er(盗贼) sharpen---sharpener(削刀，磨器) shave---shaver(刮胡刀) terrify---terror translate---translatorvisit---visitor win---winner（八）-ing(s)belong—belongings bless—blessings(多用复数，偶尔用单数)earn---earnings feel---feeling (可数) fill---filling(填充物)find---findings(多用pl.:最终发现的东西，调查结果，判决) gather---gatheringgreet---greetings(多用复数) hear---hearing(听力，听觉) misunderstand---misunderstanding mourn—mourning open---opening save(救，节约)---savings(储蓄) say---saying(格言) suffer---suffering surround---surroundingswarn---warning（九）--yapologize /se—apology consist---consistency deliver---deliverydiscover---discovery enquire---enquiry equal—equalityinjure---injury recover---recovery summarize---summarytend---tendency unite---unity（十）其他变化形式：analyze /se—analysis applaud—applause bathe—bath behave—behavior believe—belief bleed—bloodbury—burial compare---comparison die—deathaffect---effect expose---exposure fail---failureforesee---foresight forgive---forgiveness frighten---frightknow---knowledge lose---loss marry---marriageplease---pleasure prove---proof remain---remains(残余, 遗迹, 遗体) represent---representative(代表) respond—response sing---songsit(坐)---seat(座位) store---storage strengthen(强化)---strength(力量，强项) succeed---success weigh---weight withdraw---withdrawal（十一）相同形式abuse—abuse ache—ache access--accessaid—aid aim—aim alarm--alarmamount—amount anchor—anchor answer--answer approach—approach arrest—arrest attack--attackattempt—attempt bargain—bargain bark---barkback(后退，支持)—back（后面，后背）benefit—benefitbid—bid bite—bite block—blockblow(吹)—blow(打击) boil—boil boom--boomboard(上船/车/飞机/..，盖上木板，搭伙) —board （木板，甲板，伙食，董事会）bomb—bomb bond—bond bother—bother bounce—bounce bow(弯腰，鞠躬)—bow(弓，弓形物，蝴蝶结)boycott—boycott brake—brake break—break broadcast—broadcast brush—brush build—building(建筑（物) burst—burst butcher—butcher button---buttoncall—call calm/calmness—calm campaign—campaigncare—care cash---cash cast---castcatch---catch cause---cause change(变化)—change (变化c.;零钱u.c.) charge—charge chat---chat cheat--cheat(骗子，骗人的事)- check—check cheer---cheer circle—circleclap---clap color---color comb---combcomfort—comfort command---command comment---commentconcern---concern conduct---conduct control---controlcopy---copy cost---cost cough---coughcover---cover crash---crash crowd---crowdcry—cry cut---cut dance---dancedamage---damage dash---dash date---datedebate---debate decline---decline decrease—decrease defeat—defeat delay—delay delight---delightdemand---demand deposit—deposit desert(抛弃遗弃)—desert(不毛之地，沙漠) design---design desire---desire discount---discountdislike---dislike dive---dive divorce---divorcedoubt---doubt download---download draft---draftdream—dream dress---dress drill—drilldrop---drop e-mail---email envy---envyenvelope(包住，裹住)—envelope escape---escape exchange---exchangeexcuse---excuse exercise----exercise experience---experience experiment---experiment export---export face(面对，朝着)---face(脸) influence---influence fall---fall fancy---fancyfax---fax fear---fear fight---fightfigure(计算)---figure(数字，人物，体形，肖像) film---filmfloat---float(漂浮物) flood---flood fly(飞)---fly(苍蝇)focus---focus fool(愚弄)---fool(傻子) force(强迫)---force(力量，武力，军队pl.) forecast---forecast form(形成)---form(形式，表格) function---functiongain---gain glance---glance glare---glareguarantee---guarantee guess---guess guide---guidance(指导)—guide(向导，指南) hand(递交)---hand(手) handle(拿，处理，操纵)---handle(把手，理由) harm—harmharvest---harvest hate---hate head(率领)—head(头)help---help hire---hire hit---hit(击中，成功)honor(尊敬，给…以荣誉)—honor hook---hookhope---hope host(主办)—host hug---hughunger---hunger hurry---hurry hurt----hurtimport---import increase---increase influence—influenceinterest---interest interview---interview jog---jogjudge(评判)---judge (法官，评委)---judg(e)ment(判断) jump---jumpkick---kick kiss—kiss knock---knocklack---lack land---land leak---leakleave---leave(准许，假期) lie---lie limit---limitline(站队，排成)---line(绳索，线条，行列，一行，台词) link---linklist---list litter(乱丢东西)---litter(废弃物，一窝) load---loadlock---lock look---look link---linklove---love mail---mail marchmark---mark market---market mask---maskmaster---master match---match(火柴，比赛，匹配) matter--mattermeasure---measure meet---meet/meeting(会议,聚会) mention--mentionmind(介意)---mind(心，头脑，智力，想法) mine(开矿)---mine(矿井，地雷) miss(错过，想念，)—miss(小姐，不中，省略) mistake---mistakemop---mop murder---murder name---namenod---nod note---note offer---offeroil(加油，上油)---oil order---order part(分别)--part(部分，角色，区域) pause---pause phone---phone picnic---picnicpin---pin place(放)—place (地方) plan---planplant—plant(植物，工厂) play---play plot---plotpoint---point poison---poison polish---polishpractice/se---practice praise---praise preview---previewprocess---process progress—progress promise---promisepull—pull pump---pump purchase---purchasepush---push puzzle---puzzle quake---quakequarrel---quarrel question---question queue—queuerace---race rain---rain range---rangerate(申斥, 斥责, 骂,把(某人)轰走)—rate-(率，比率) reach--reachreason---reason recycle---recycle reform---reformregard---regard(尊敬，问候pl.) register---register relay---relayregret--regret remark---remark rent---rentrepair---repair reply---reply report---reportrequest---request rescue---rescue research—researchresign---resign respect---respect rest---restresult---result return---return review---reviewride---ride ring---ring rise---riserisk---risk roll---roll row---rowruin---ruin run---run rush---rushsacrifice---sacrifice salute---salute scan---scanscare---scare schedule---schedule score---scorescratch---scratch scream---scream screen(遮挡)—screen(屏幕) search---search seat(使…就座)---seat(座位) sense---senseset(放置，安装，布置)—set((一)套，接收器) shake---shakeshape---shape share(分担分享)--share(份额，股份) shelter---sheltership(用船装运)---ship(轮船)---shipment(装货) shock---shockshoot(发射，飞速移动)---shoot(芽苗)—shot(枪声，射击) shout---shoutshow---show sigh---sigh skip—skipsleep---sleep slide---slide smell—smell smile—smile smoke(抽烟)—smoke(烟雾)—smoking(抽烟)—smoker(抽烟者) sneeze—sneeze sniff---sniff snow—snowsob---sob sort---sort sound(听起来)---sound(声音) sow(播种)---sow(大母猪) speed---speed spin---spinspray(喷射)---spray(浪花，喷雾器) spot---spot spread---spreadspy(监视)—spy(间谍) stand(站)---stand(看台) star(演戏)---star(星星，明星) stare---stare start---start stay---staystep---step stick(坚持，粘贴，刺)---stick(棍子，手杖) stress---stressstop---stop strike(打击，罢工)---strike(罢工) struggle---strugglestudy(学习，研究)---study(学习，书房) suit(适合)---suit(一套衣服) supply---supply support---support surprise---surprise swallow(吞咽)—swallow(燕子) swing---swing switch—switchtalk---talk target---target taste---tastetear(撕)---tear(眼泪) telephone---telephone test---testthank---thank thunder---thunder tie(即)---tie(领带)time(计时，安排时间)---time(时间，时代) tip---tiptoast---toast total---total touch---touch trade---tradetrap---trap travel---travel treasure---treasuretrouble---trouble trust---trust twist---twistupdate---update visit---visit volunteer---volunteervote---vote walk---walk waste---wastewatch(观看，注意)---watch(看守，值班人，表) water—waterwater(浇水，给…水喝)---water(水) wave---wavewear---wear whisper---whisper w i nd(〔ai:〕缠绕，迂回前进，上发条)---w i nd(风) wipe---wipe wish---wish witness---witnesswonder(想知道，奇怪)---wonder(奇迹，奇怪) work---workworry---worry wound(打伤，击伤)---wound(伤口，创伤) wrestle---wrestlewrinkle---wrinkle yell---yell yawn---yawnzip(发出飕飕声，拉拉链)---zip(拉链，精神，活力) zoom---zoom（十二）不同名词形式不同语义的情况accompany—company(陪伴；伙伴；一伙人；公司等)---accompaniment(伴随发生的情况；伴奏) advance—advance（前进；进展进步；设法接近；预支）—advancement(促进；提升；推进) act—acting(演技；演戏--)—activity(活动)--- act(多作可数名词表“行为”)—action（行为）accelerate—accelerator(加速器)—acceleration(加速)affect（影响；假装；喜欢）—effect（影响）—affection(深挚的感情；爱情)—affectation(矫揉造作) arm(武装)—army(军队)--armament(军备，武装起来)assist—assistant(助手)—assistance(帮助)attend—attention(注意（力）--attendant(服务员)—attendance(出席，参加，出席的人) advocate—advocate(倡导者，拥护者)—advocacy(倡导)bear—birth(生日)—bearer(拿。
