会计学原理第19

Chapter 21Exercise 21-1 (25 minutes)1. Allocation of Indirect Expenses to Four Operating DepartmentsPersonnel ..............................22 11 8,800 Manufacturing ......................104 52 41,600 Packaging ............................. 34 17 13,600 Totals ....................................200 100% $80,000Personnel ..............................5,000 5 3,050 Manufacturing ......................45,000 45 27,450 Packaging ............................. 23,000 23 14,030 Totals ....................................100,000 100% $61,000Personnel ..............................1,200 1 167 Manufacturing ......................42,000 35 5,845 Packaging ............................. 16,800 14 2,338 Totals ....................................$120,000 100% $16,700 2. Report of Indirect Expenses Assigned to Four Operating DepartmentsMaterials ...................$16,000 $16,470 $ 8,350 $ 40,820 Personnel ..................8,800 3,050 167 $ 12,017Manufacturing ..........41,600 27,450 5,845 $ 74,895 Packaging ................. 13,600 14,030 2,338 $ 29,968 Totals ........................$80,000 $61,000 $16,700 $157,700Exercise 21-2 (30 minutes)........................Depreciation ......................56,600 2,000 MH $28.30 per machine hour Line preparation ...............46,000250 setups $184.00 per setup1. Assignment of overhead costs to the two products using ABCMachinery depreciation ......... 500 hours $ 28.30 14,150 Line preparation ..................... 40 setups $184.00 7,360 Total overhead assigned ....... $23,340Machinery depreciation ......... 1,500 hours $ 28.3042,450 Line preparation ..................... 210 setups $184.00 38,640 Total overhead assigned ....... $84,660Direct labor .................................. 12,200 23,800 Overhead (using ABC) ................ 23,340 84,660 Total cost ..................................... $54,540 $151,660 Quantity produced ...................... 10,500 ft. 14,100 ft. Average cost per foot (ABC) ....... $5.19 $10.763. The average cost of rounded edge shelves declines and the average cost of squared edge shelves increases. Under the current allocation method, the rounded edge shelving was allocated 34% of all of the overhead cost ($12,200 direct labor/$36,000 total direct labor). However, it does not use 34% of all of the overhead resources. Specifically, it uses only 25% of machine hours (500 MH/2,000 MH), and 16% of the setups (40/250). Activity based costing allocated the individual overhead components in proportion to the resources used.Exercise 21-7 (15 minutes)(1) Items included in performance reportThe following items definitely should be included in the performance report for the auto service department manager because they are controlled or strongly influ enced by the manager’s decisions and activities:•Sales of parts•Sales of services•Cost of parts sold•Supplies•Wages (hourly)(2) Items excluded from performance reportThe following items definitely should be excluded from the performance report because the department manager cannot control or strongly influence them:•Building depreciation•Income taxes allocated to the department•Interest on long-term debt•Manager’s salary(3) Items that may or may not be included in performance reportThe following items cannot be definitely included or definitely excluded from the performance report because they may or may not be completely under the manager’s control or strong influence:•Payroll taxes Some portion of this expense relates to themanager’s salary and i s not controllable by themanager. The portion that relates to hourly wagesshould be treated as a controllable expense.•Utilities Whether this expense is controllable depends on thedesign of the auto dealership. If the auto servicedepartment is in a separate building or has separateutility meters, these expenses are subject to themanager’s control. Otherwise, the expense probablyis not controllable by the manager of the auto servicedepartment.Exercise 21-9 (20 minutes)(1)Electronics ...................$750,000 $3,750,000 20% Sporting Goods ...........800,000 5,000,000 16% Comment: Its Electronics division is the superior investment center on the basis of the investment center return on assets.Exercise 21-9 (continued)(2)Net income ...................$750,000 $800,000 Target net income$3,750,000 x 12% ...... 5,000,000 x 12% .......(450,000)(600,000)Residual income……. $300,000 $200,000Comment: Its Electronics division is the superior investment center on the basis of investment center residual income.(3) The Electronics division should accept the new opportunity, since it will generate residual income of 3% (15% - 12%) of the i nvestment’s invested assets.Exercise 21-10 (15 minutes)Electronics ...................$750,000 $10,000,000 7.50% Sporting Goods ...........800,000 8,000,000 10.0%Electronics ...................$10,000,000 $3,750,000 2.67 Sporting Goods ...........8,000,000 5,000,000 1.6 Comments: Its Sporting goods division generates the most net income per dollar of sales, as shown by its higher profit margin. The Electronics division however is more efficient at generating sales from invested assets, based on its higher investment turnover.Problem 21-1A (60 minutes)Part 1Average occupancy cost = $111,800 / 10,000 sq. ft. = $11.18 per sq. ft. Occupancy costs are assigned to the two departments as followsLanya’s Dept................. 1,000 $11.18 $11,180 Jimez’s Dept................. 1,700 $11.18 $19,006**A total of $30,186 ($11,180 + $19,006) in occupancy costs is charged to these departments. The company would follow a similar approach in allocating the remaining occupancy costs ($81,614, computed as $111,800 - $30,186) to its other departments (not shown in this problem).Part 2Market rates are used to allocate occupancy costs for depreciation, interest, and taxes. Heating, lighting, and maintenance costs are allocated to the departments on both floors at the average rate per square foot. These costs are separately assigned to each class as follows:Depreciation—Building .................$ 31,500 $31,500 Interest—Building mortgage .........47,000 47,000Taxes—Building and land .............14,000 14,000Gas (heating) expense ...................4,425 $ 4,425 Lighting expense ...........................5,250 5,250 Maintenance expense .................... 9,625 ______ 9,625 Total ................................................$111,800 $92,500 $19,300Value-based costs are allocated to departments in two stepsSecond floor ...................5,000 10 50,000Total market value .........$250,000Second floor ................... 50,000 20 18,500 3.70Totals ..............................$250,000 100% $92,500Usage-based costs allocation rate = $19,300 / 10,000 sq. ft.= $1.93 per sq. ft.We can then compute total allocation rates for the floors$16.73 Second floor ........................... 3.70 1.93 $ 5.63 These rates are applied to allocate occupancy costs to departmentsLanya’s Department......................... 1,000 $16.73 $16,730 Jimez’s Department......................... 1,700 5.63 $ 9,571Part 3A second-floor manager would prefer allocation based on market value. This is a reasonable and logical approach to allocation of occupancy costs. The current method assumes all square footage has equal value. This is not logical for this type of occupancy. It also means the second-floor space would be allocated a larger portion of costs under the current method, but less using an allocation based on market value.Part 1Professional salaries ..................$1,600,000 10,000 hours $160 per hour Patient services & supplies .......$ 27,000 600 patients $45 per patient Building cost ...............................$ 150,000 1,500 sq. ft. $100 per sq. ft. Total costs ...................................$1,777,000Part 2Allocation of cost to the surgical departments using ABCProfessional salaries ............. 2,500 hours $160 per hr. $400,000 Patient services & supplies ...... 400 patients $45 per patient 18,000 Building cost .......................... 600 sq. ft. $100 per sq. ft. 60,000 Total ...............................................................................................$478,000 Average cost per patient ...............................................................$ 1,195Professional salaries ............. 7,500 hours $160 per hr. $1,200,000 Patient services & supplies ...... 200 patients $45 per patient 9,000 Building cost .......................... 900 sq. ft. $100 per sq. ft 90,000 Total ................................................................................................$1,299,000 Average cost per patient ...............................................................$ 6,495[Note that the sum of the amounts allocated to General Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery ($478,000 + $1,299,000) equals the total amount of indirect costs ($1,777,000).] Part 3If all center costs were allocated on the number of patients, the average cost of general surgery would increase. Since general surgery sees 2/3 of all patients (400/600), it would get allocated 2/3 of all center costs. Orthopedic surgery is currently consuming more professional salaries and building space than general surgery, but has fewer patients.Problem 21-3A (70 minutes)Cost of goods sold ........................ 89,964 63,612 27,500 181,076 (2) Gross profit .................................... 93,636 38,988 22,500 155,124 Direct expensesSales salaries ............................... 21,000 7,100 8,500 36,600Advertising ................................... 2,100 700 1,100 3,900Store supplies used .................... 594 378 400 1,372 (3) Depreciation of equipment ......... 2,300 900 1,000 4,200Total direct expenses .................. 25,994 9,078 11,000 46,072 Allocated expensesRent expense ............................... 5,632 2,835 2,353 10,820 (4) Utilities expense .......................... 2,292 1,153 955 4,400 (4) Share of office dept. expenses ... 15,288 8,540 4,172 28,000 (5) Total allocated expenses ............ 23,212 12,528 7,480 43,220 Total expenses ............................... 49,206 21,606 18,480 89,292Net income ..................................... $ 44,430 $17,382 $ 4,020 $ 65,832 Supporting Computations—coded (1) through (5) in statement aboveGrowth rate (8% increase) ............... x 108% x 108%2010 sales ......................................... $183,600 $102,600 $ 50,000Growth rate (8% increase) ............... x 108% x 108% x 55%* 2010 cost of goods sold .................. $ 89,964 $ 63,612 $ 27,500 A LTERNATIVELY2009 cost of goods sold .................. $ 83,300 $ 58,9002009 sales ......................................... $170,000 $ 95,0002009 cost as % of sales ................... 49% 62%2010 sales ........................................ $183,600 $102,600 $ 50,000 2010 cost as % of sales .................. x 49% x 62% x 55%* 2010 cost of goods sold .................. $ 89,964 $ 63,612 $ 27,500 * T he 55% cost of goods sold percent is computed as 100% minus the predicted 45% gross profit margin.Growth rate (8% increase) ................x 108% x 108%2010 store supplies ..........................$ 594 $ 378 $ 400One-fifth from clock to paintings (1,408) $ 1,408 One-fourth from mirror topaintings ______ (945) 945 2010 allocation of $10,820 rent .........$ 5,632 $ 2,835 $ 2,353 Percent of total * ...............................2010 allocation of $4,400total utilities ....................................$ 2,292 $ 1,153 $ 955Percent of total sales * ......................54.6% 30.5% 14.9% 2010 allocation of $28,000total office departmentexpenses ($20,000 in 2009plus $8,000 increase) ......................$ 15,288 $ 8,540 $ 4,172 * Instructor note: If students round to something other than one-tenth of a percent, theirnumbers will slightly vary.Part 1a.Responsibility Accounting Performance ReportManager, Camper DepartmentFor the YearBudgeted Actual Over (Under)Amount Amount Budget Controllable CostsRaw materials .................................$195,900 $194,800 $ (1,100) Employee wages ............................104,200 107,200 3,000 Supplies used .................................34,000 32,900 (1,100) Depreciation—Equipment ............. 63,000 63,000 0 Totals ..............................................$397,100 $397,900 $ 800b.Responsibility Accounting Performance ReportManager, Trailer DepartmentFor the YearBudgeted Actual Over (Under)Amount Amount Budget Controllable CostsRaw materials .................................$276,200 $273,600 $ (2,600) Employee wages ............................205,200 208,000 2,800 Supplies used .................................92,200 91,300 (900) Depreciation—Equipment ............. 127,000 127,000 0 Totals ..............................................$700,600 $699,900 $ (700)c.Responsibility Accounting Performance ReportManager, Ohio PlantFor the YearBudgeted Actual Over (Under)Amount Amount Budget Controllable CostsDept. manager salaries ................. $ 97,000 $ 98,700 $ 1,700 Utilities ........................................... 8,800 9,200 400 Building rent .................................. 15,700 15,500 (200) Other office salaries ..................... 46,500 30,100 (16,400) Other office costs ......................... 22,000 21,000 (1,000) Camper department ...................... 397,100 397,900 800 Trailer department ........................ 700,600 699,900 (700) Total ............................................... $1,287,700 $1,272,300 $(15,400)Part 2The plant manager did a good job of controlling costs and meeting the budget. He came in under budget for the plant even though he paid the department managers more than budgeted and had to absorb the amounts over budget in their departments. This is because he spent less than the budget amount on building rent, other office salaries, and other office costs. The Trailer Department manager also came in under budget. The Camper Department manager came in over budget, and thus performed the worse of the three managers.Problem 21-1B (60 minutes)Part 1Average occupancy cost = $372,000 / 20,000 sq. ft. = $18.60 per sq. ft.Occu pancy costs are assigned to Miller’s department as followsMiller’s Dept.................. 2,000 $18.60 $37,200Part 2Market rates are used to allocate occupancy costs for the building rent. Lighting and cleaning costs are allocated to the departments on all three floors at the average rate per square foot. Costs assigned to each class are:Lighting expense ................... 20,000 $20,000 Cleaning expense .................. 32,000 _______ 32,000 Totals ...................................... $372,000 $320,000 $52,000Value-based costs are allocated in two steps(i) Compute market value of each floorSecond floor ...................7,500 24 180,000Basement floor ...............5,000 12 60,000Total market value .........$600,000Problem 21-1B (Continued)(ii) Allocate the $320,000 to each floor based on its percent of market valueSecond floor ...................180,000 30 96,000 12.80 Basement floor ............... 60,000 10 32,000 6.40$600,000 100% $320,000Usage-based costs allocation rate = $52,000 / 20,000 sq. ft.= $2.60 per sq. ft.Total allocation rates for the departments on all three floors areSecond floor .................12.80 2.60 15.40Basement floor ............. 6.40 2.60 9.00These rates are applied to alloc ate occupancy costs to Miller’s departmentMiller’s Department ................................2,000 $9.00 $18,000Part 3A basement manager would prefer the allocation based on market value. This is a reasonable and logical approach to allocation of occupancy costs. With a flat rate method, all square footage has equal value. This is not logical for this type of occupancy. Less cost would be allocated to the basement departments if the market value method were used.。

hawai Chapter 6Inventories and Cost of SalesQUICK STUDIESQ uick Study 6-1 (25 minutes)a. FIFODate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 320 @ $6.00 = $1,9201/ 9 85 @ $6.40 320 @ $6.00= $2,46485 @ $6.401/25 110 @ $6.60 320 @ $6.0085 @ $6.40 = $3,190110 @ $6.601/26 320 @ $6.00 = $1,92045 @ $6.40= $1,01440 @ $6.40 = 256110 @ $6.60360 $2,176b. LIFODate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 320 @ $6.00 = $1,9201/ 9 85 @ $6.40 320 @ $6.00= $2,46485 @ $6.401/25 110 @ $6.60 320 @ $6.0085 @ $6.40 = $3,190110 @ $6.601/26 110 @ $6.60 = $ 726155 @ $6.00 = $ 93085 @ $6.40 = 544165 @ $6.00 = 990360 $2,260c. Weighted AverageDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 320 @ $6.00 = $1,920 1/ 9 85 @ $6.40 320 @ $6.0085 @ $6.40 = $2,464(avg. cost is $6.084*)1/25 110 @ $6.60 320 @ $6.00©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009 Solutions Manual, Chapter 6 32985 @ $6.40 = $3,190110 @ $6.60(avg. cost is $6.194*)1/26 360 @ $6.194 = $2,230*155 @ $6.194 = $ 960* *roundedAlternate solution format(a) FIFO: 110 @ $6.60 = $ 72645@ $6.40 = 288155 $1,014Ending inventory cost(b) LIFO:155 @ $6.00 = $ 930Ending inventory cost(c) Weighted average:320 @ $6.00 = $1,92085 @ $6.40 = 544110@ $6.60 = 726515 $3,190Cost of goods available for sale$3,190/515 = $6.194 (rounded) weighted average cost per unit155 units @ $6.194 = $ 960 Ending inventory cost (rounded)©McG330Q uick Study 6-2 (10 minutes)Beginning inventory.....................................10 units @ $28 $ 280Plus 1st week purchase.......................................10 units @ $30 3002nd week purchase......................................10 units @ $31 3103rd week purchase.......................................10 units @ $32 3204th week purchase.......................................10 units @ $34 340Units Available for sale................................50 unitsCost of Goods Available for Sale................$1,550Q uick Study 6-3 (25 minutes)a. FIFODate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance12/ 7 10 @ $ 9 = $ 90 10 @ $ 9 = $ 9012/14 20 @ $10 = $200 10 @ $ 920 @ $10 = $29012/15 10 @ $ 9 12 @ $10 = $1208 @ $10 = $17012/21 15 @ $12 = $180 12 @ $10= $300____ 15 @ $12$170b. LIFODate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance12/ 7 10 @ $ 9 = $ 90 10 @ $ 9 = $ 9012/14 20 @ $10 = $200 10 @ $ 920 @ $10 = $29012/15 18 @ $10 = $180 10 @ $ 92 @ $10 = $11012/21 15 @ $12 = $180 10 @ $ 92 @ $10 = $290____ 15 @ $12$180©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009 Solutions Manual, Chapter 6 331c. Weighted AverageDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance12/ 7 10 @ $ 9 = $ 90 10 @ $ 9 = $ 9012/14 20 @ $10 = $200 10 @ $ 9= $29020 @ $ 10(avg cost is $9.667)12/15 18 @ $9.667 =$17412 @ $9.667 = $11612/21 15 @ $12 = $180 12 @ $9.667= $296____15 @ $ 12$174(avg cost is $10.963)d. Specific identification(3 units x $9) + (9 units x $10) + (15 units x $12) = $297.Quick Study 6-4 (10 minutes)1. FIFO2. Specific identification3. LIFO4. LIFO5. LIFOQ uick Study 6-5 (10 minutes)1. The consignor is Jabar Company. The consignee is Chi Company. Theconsignor, Jabar Company, should include any unsold and consigned goods in its inventory.2. Title will pass at “destination” which is Kwon Company’s receiving dock.Liu should show the $750 in its inventory at year-end as Liu retains title until the goods reach Kwon Company.©McG332Cost..............................................................................................$17,500PlusTransportation-in (300)Import duties.............................................................................1,000 Insurance.. (250)Inventory cost...........................................................................$19,050The $400 advertising cost and the $3,000 cost for sales staff salaries are included in operating expenses—not part of inventory costs. Those two costs are unnecessary to get the vehicle in a place and condition for sale.Q uick Study 6-7 (20 minutes)Per Unit Total Total LCM applied to Inventory Items Units Cost Market Cost Market Items Whole Mountain bikes 20 $650 $500$13,000$10,000$10,000 Skateboards 22 400 4508,8009,9008,800790 34,000 31,600 31,600_______850Gliders 40$55,800$51,500$50,400$51,500a. LCM for inventory as a whole...................................................$51,500b. LCM applied to each product ..................................................$50,400Q uick Study 6-8(15 minutes)a.Overstates 2009 cost of goods sold.b.Understates 2009 gross profit.c.Understates 2009 net income.d.Overstates 2010 net income.e.The understated 2009 net income and the overstated 2010 net incomecombine to yield a correct total income for the two-year period.f.The 2009 error will not affect years after 2010.©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009 Solutions Manual, Chapter 6 333Quick Study 6-9A (15 minutes)ofCostEndingSold InventoryGoodsa. FIFO(45 x $6.40) + (110 x $6.60)................................. $1,014(320 x $6.00) + (40 x $6.40)................................. $2,176b. LIFO(155 x $6.00)......................................................... $ 930(110 x $6.60) + (85 x $6.40) + (165 x $6.00)....... $2,260c. Weighted Average ($3,190/ 515 = $6.194* cost per unit)(155 x $6.194)....................................................... $ 960*(360 x $6.194)....................................................... $2,230**rounded©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009Fundamental Accounting Principles, 19th Edition334EXERCISESExercise 6-1 (30 minutes)a. Specific identificationEnding inventory—100 units from January 30, 80 units from January 20, and45 units from beginning inventoryEnding Cost of Computations Inventory Goods Sold (100 x $5.00) + (80 x $6.00) + (45 x $7.00).......$1,295$2,800 - $1,295..................................................$1,505b. Weighted average perpetualDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 140 @ $7.000 = $ 980 1/10 90 @ $ 7.00 = $ 630 50 @ $7.000 = $ 350 1/20 220 @ $6.00 50 @ $7.000= $1,670220 @ $6.000(avg. cost is $6.185)1/25 145 @ $6.185 = $ 897*125 @ $6.185 = $ 773*1/30 100 @ $5.00 _____125 @ $6.185= $1,273$1,527100 @ $5.000(avg. cost is $5.658) *roundedc. FIFO PerpetualDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 140 @ $7.00 = $ 980 1/10 90 @ $7.00 = $ 630 50 @ $7.00 = $ 350 1/20 220 @ $6.00 50 @ $7.00220 @ $6.00 = $1,670 1/25 50 @ $7.0095 @ $6.00 = $ 920 125 @ $6.00 = $ 750 1/30 100 @ $5.00 _____ 125 @ $6.00$1,550 100 @ $5.00 = $1,250, 2009335E xercise 6-1 (Continued)d. LIFO PerpetualDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 140 @ $7.00 = $ 9801/10 90 @ $7.00 = $ 630 50 @ $7.00 = $ 3501/20 220 @ $6.00 50 @ $7.00220 @ $6.00 = $1,6701/25 145 @ $6.00 = $ 870 50 @ $7.0075 @ $6.00 = $ 8001/30 100 @ $5.00 _____ 50 @ $7.00$1,50075 @ $6.00 = $1,300100 @ $5.00Alternate Solution Format for FIFO and LIFO PerpetualEnding Cost ofComputations Inventory Goods Soldc. FIFO(125 x $6.00) + (100 x $5.00)............................................$1,250(90 x $7.00) + (50 x $7.00) + (95 x $6.00)........................$1,550d. LIFO(50 x $7.00) + (75 x $6.00) + (100 x $5.00)...................... $1,300(90 x $7.00) + (145 x $6.00)............................................. $1.500E xercise 6-2(20 minutes)LIBERTY COMPANYIncome StatementsFor Month Ended January 31Specific Identification WeightedAverage FIFO LIFOSales.................................$3,525 $3,525 $3,525 $3,525 (235 units x $15 price)Cost of goods sold......... 1,505 1,527 1,550 1,500 Gross profit.....................2,020 1,998 1,975 2,025 Expenses......................... 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 Income before taxes.......770 748 725 775 Income tax expense (30%).. 231 224* 218* 233* Net income......................$ 539 $ 524 $ 507 $ 542 * Rounded to nearest dollar.©McG336Exercise 6-2 (Concluded)1. LIFO method results in the highest net income of $542.2. Weighted average net income of $524 falls between the FIFO netincome of $507 and the LIFO net income of $542.3. If costs were rising instead of falling, then the FIFO method would yieldthe highest net income.Exercise 6-3 (30 minutes)a. FIFO PerpetualDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 126 @ $ 8 = $1,008 1/10 113 @ $ 8 = $ 904 13 @ $ 8 = $ 104 3/14 315 @ $13 = $4,095 13 @ $ 8315 @ $13 = $4,199 3/15 13 @ $ 8 148 @ $13 = $1,924167 @ $13 = $ 2,2757/30 250 @ $18 = $4,500 148 @ $13250 @ $18 = $6,424 10/ 5 148 @ $13230 @ $18 = $ 6,064 20 @ $18 = $ 360 10/26 50 @ $23 = $1,150 20 @ $18______ 50 @ $23 = $1,510$9,243, 2009337E xercise 6-3 (Concluded)a. LIFO PerpetualDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 126 @ $ 8 = $1,0081/10 113 @ $ 8 = $ 904 13 @ $ 8 = $ 1043/14 315 @ $13 = $4,095 13 @ $ 8315 @ $13 = $4,1993/15 13 @ $ 8180 @ $13 = $2,340135 @ $13 = $1,8597/30 250 @ $18 = $4,500 13 @ $ 8135 @ $13 = $6,359250 @ $1810/ 5 250 @ $18 = $4,500 13 @ $ 8128 @ $13 = 1,664 7 @ $13 = $ 195$6,16410/26 50 @ $23 = $1,150 13 @ $ 87 @ $13 = $1,345_____ 50 @ $23$9,408Alternate Solution FormatofCostEndingSold InventoryGoodsa. FIFO(20 x $18) + (50 x $23)...........................................................$1,510(113 x $8) + (13 x $8) + (167 x $13) + (148 x $13) +(230 x $18)............................................................................$9,243b. LIFO(13 x $8) + (7 x $13) + (50 x $23).......................................... $1,345(113 x $8) + (180 x $13) + (250 x $18) + (128 x $13)............. $9,408FIFO Gross MarginSales revenue (671 units sold x $40 selling price).................$26,840Less: FIFO cost of goods sold................................................ 9,243Gross profit................................................................................$17,597LIFO Gross MarginSales revenue (671 units sold x $40 selling price).................$26,840Less: LIFO cost of goods sold................................................ 9,408Gross profit................................................................................$17,432©McG338a. Specific identification method—Cost of goods soldCost of goods available for sale.......................................$10,753 Ending inventory under specific identification3/14 purchase ( 5 @ $13) ........................................$ 657/30 purchase ( 15 @ $18) (270)10/26 purchase ( 50 @ $23)......................................... 1,150Total ending inventory under specific identification.... 1,485 Cost of goods sold under specific identification..........$ 9,268b. Specific identification method—Gross marginSales revenue (671 units sold x $40 selling price)..........$26,840 Less: Specific identification cost of goods sold............ 9,268 Gross profit.........................................................................$17,572E xercise 6-5 (15 minutes)Per Unit Total Total LCM applied to Inventory Items Units Cost Market Cost Market Products Whole Helmets.........19 $45 $49$ 855$ 931$ 855 Bats...............12 73 67876804804 Shoes............33 90 862,9702,8382,838 Uniforms.......37 31 31 1,147 1,147 1,147$5,848$5,720$5,644 $5,720a. Lower of cost or market of inventory as a whole = $5,720b. Lower of cost or market of inventory by product = $5,644©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009 Solutions Manual, Chapter 6 3391. Correct gross profit = $1,100,000 - $700,000 = $400,000 (for each year)2. Reported income figuresYear 2008 Year 2009 Year 2010 Sales.....................................$1,100,000$1,100,000$1,100,000Cost of goods soldBeginning inventory........$280,000$262,000$280,000Cost of purchases............ 700,000 700,000 700,000Good available for sale...980,000962,000980,000Ending inventory.............. 262,000 280,000 280,000Cost of goods sold.......... 718,000 682,000 700,000Gross profit.........................$ 382,000$ 418,000$ 400,000E xercise 6-7A (20 minutes)CostofEndingGoodsSold Inventorya. Specific Identification(100 x $5.00) + (80 x $6.00) + (45 x $7)........................ $1,295$2,800 - $1,295.............................................................. $1,505b. Weighted Average($2,800 / 460 units = $6.087* average cost per unit)225 x $6.087.................................................................. $1,370*235 x $6.087.................................................................. $1,430*c. FIFO(100 x $5.00) + (125 x $6.00)........................................ $1,250(140 x $7.00) + (95 x $6.00).........................................$1,550©McG340d. LIFO(140 x $7.00) + (85 x $6.00).......................................... $1,490(100 x $5.00) + (135 x $6.00)........................................ $1,310 *roundedExercise 6-8A (20 minutes)Ending InventoryCost of Goods Solda. Specific identification(135 x $2.70) + (135 x $2.60) + (135 x $2.30).......$1,026$8,976 - $1,026.......................................................$7,950 b. Weighted average ($8,976/3,780 = $2.375*)405 x $2.375...........................................................962*$8,976 - $962..........................................................8,014* c. FIFO(390 x $2.70) + (15 x $2.60) ..................................1,092(270 x $1.90) + (540 x $2.05) + (1,350 x $2.30) +(1,215 x $2.60)..................................................7,884 d. LIFO(270 x $1.90) + (135 x $2.05).................................790*(390 x $2.70) + (1,230 x $2.60) + (1,350 x $2.30)+ (405 x $2.05).....................................................8,186* *RoundedIncome effect: FIFO provides the lowest cost of goods sold, thehighest gross profit, and the highest net income.©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009 Solutions Manual, Chapter 6 341PROBLEM SET AProblem 6-1A (40 minutes)Instructor note: In the first printing, Requirement 3 in the book for specific identification reads “—units sold consist of…,” which should read “—ending inventory consists of…”1. Compute cost of goods available for sale and units available for saleBeginning inventory......................... 770 units @ $50$38,500 Feb. 10............................................... 420 units @ $4117,220 Mar. 13............................................... 260 units @ $256,500 Aug. 21............................................... 180 units @ $498,820 Sept. 5............................................... 585 units @ $42 24,570 Units available................................... 2,215 unitsCost of goods available for sale $95,6102. Units in ending inventoryUnits available (from part 1).............2,2151,420Less: Units sold (770 + 650).............Ending Inventory (units) (795)©McG3423a. FIFO perpetualDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 770 @ $50 = $38,5002/10 420 @ $41 = $17,220 770 @ $50420 @ $41 = $55,720 3/13 260 @ $25 = $ 6,500 770 @ $50420 @ $41 = $62,220260 @ $253/15 770 @ $50 = $38,500 420 @ $41260 @ $25 = $23,7208/21 180 @ $49 = $ 8,820 420 @ $41260 @ $25 = $32,540180 @ $499/ 5 585 @ $42 = $24,570 420 @ $41260 @ $25 = $57,110180 @ $49585 @ $429/10 420 @ $41230 @ $25 = $22,970_______ 30 @ $25180 @ $49585 @ $42 = $34,140$61,470FIFO Alternate Solution FormatCost of goods available for sale $95,610 Less: Cost of sales 770 @ $50 $38,500420 @ $41 17,220230 @ $25 5,75061,470 Total cost of goods soldEndingInventory $34,140 Proof of Ending Inventory30 @ $25 180 @ $49 $ 7508,820585 @ $42 24,570EndingInventory............... 795 units $34,140©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009 Solutions Manual, Chapter 6 3433b. LIFO perpetualDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 770 @ $50 = $38,500 2/10 420 @ $41 = $17,220 770 @ $50420 @ $41 = $55,720 3/13 260 @ $25 = $ 6,500 770 @ $50420 @ $41 = $62,220260 @ $253/15 260 @ $25420 @ $41 = $28,22090 @ $50680 @ $50 = $34,0008/21 180 @ $49 = $ 8,820 680 @ $50180 @ $49 = $42,820 9/ 5 585 @ $42 = $24,570 680 @ $50180 @ $49 = $67,390585 @ $429/10 585 @ $4265 @ $49 = $27,755_______680 @ $50115 @ $49 = $39,635$55,975LIFO alternate solution formatCost of goods available for sale $95,610Less: Cost of sales 260 @ $25 $ 6,500420 @ 41 17,22090 @ 50 4,500585 @ 42 24,57065 @ 49 3,18555,975 Cost of Goods SoldEndingInventory $39,635 Proof of Ending Inventory680 @ $50 $34,0005,635115 @ 49EndingInventory………..795 units $39,635©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009Fundamental Accounting Principles, 19th Edition 3443c. Specific IdentificationCost of goods available for sale...........$95,610Less: Cost of Goods Sold675 @ $50..................................$33,750245 @ $41.................................. 10,045190 @ $25..................................4,750180 @ $49..................................8,820130 @ $42.................................. 5,460Total cost of goods sold........................ 62,825Ending Inventory....................................$32,785Proof of Ending Inventory95 @ $50 $ 4,750175 @ $41 7,17570 @ $25 1,750455 @ $42 19,110Ending Inventory…………. 795 units $32,785, 2009345P roblem 6-1A (Continued)3d. Weighted AverageDate Goods Purchased Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Balance1/ 1 770 @ $50.00 = $38,500 2/10 420 @ $41 = $17,220 770 @ $50.00420 @ $41.00 = $55,720(avg. cost is $46.824*)3/13 260 @ $25 = $ 6,500 770 @ $50.00420 @ $41.00 = $62,220260 @ $25.00(avg. cost is $42.910*)3/15 770 @ $42.910* = $33,041**680 @ $42.910* = $29,179** 8/21 180 @ $49 = $ 8,820 680 @ $42.910*180 @ $49.000 = $37,999(avg. cost is $44.185*)9/ 5 585 @ $42 = $24,570 680 @ $42.910*180 @ $49.000585 @ $42.000 = $62,569(avg. cost is $43.300*)9/10 650 @ $43.300 = $28,145**795 @ $43.300 = $34,424$61,186* rounded to three decimals** rounded to nearest dollar4.FIFO LIFO SpecificIdentifi-cationWeightedAverageSales (1,420 x $75)................$106,500$106,500$106,500 $106,500 Less: Cost of goods sold..... 61,470 55,975 62,825 61,186 Gross profit............................$ 45,030$ 50,525$ 43,675 $ 45,3145. The manager would likely prefer the LIFO method since this method’sgross profit is the largest at $50,525. This would give the manager the highest bonus based on gross profit.©McG346a. Lower of cost or market for the inventory as a whole = $275,948b. Lower of cost or market for the inventory by major category =$95,011 + $148,699 + $27,752 = $271,462 c. Lower of cost or market for inventory applied separately = $264,007, 2009347P art 1(a)Cost of goods sold 2008 2009 2010 Reported......................................$ 623,000$ 955,000 $ 780,000 Adjustments: 12/31/2008 error.....- 56,000+ 56,00012/31/2009 error..... + 25,000 - 25,000 Corrected....................................$ 567,000$1,036,000 $ 755,000 (b)Net income 2008 2009 2010 Reported......................................$ 230,000$ 275,000 $ 250,000 Adjustments: 12/31/2008 error.....+ 56,000- 56,00012/31/2009 error..... - 25,000 + 25,000 Corrected....................................$ 286,000$ 194,000 $ 275,000 (c)Total current assets 2008 2009 2010 Reported......................................$1,247,000$1,360,000 $1,230,000 Adjustments: 12/31/2008 error.....+ 56,00012/31/2009 error..... - 25,000 Corrected....................................$1,303,000$1,335,000 $1,230,000 (d)Equity 2008 2009 2010 Reported......................................$1,387,000$1,580,000 $1,245,000 Adjustments: 12/31/2008 error.....+ 56,00012/31/2009 error....._________ - 25,000 Corrected....................................$1,443,000$1,555,000 $1,245,000 P art 2Total net income for the combined three-year period ($755,000) is not affected by the errors. This is because these errors are "self-correcting"—that is, each overstatement (or understatement) of net income is offset by a matching understatement (or overstatement) in the following year.P art 3The understatement of inventory by $56,000 results in an overstatement of cost of goods sold by that same amount. The $56,000 overstatement of cost of goods sold results in an understatement of gross profit by the same amount. This understatement of gross profit carries through to an understatement of net income. Since the understated net income is closed to equity, the final equity figure is understated by the amount of the inventory understatement.©McG348。

《会计学原理》课后习题答案第一章第二章2-2：练习运用会计科目及其归属的会计要素一、目的：练习运用会计科目及其归属的会计要素。

二、资料：某工业企业有下列资产和权益内容：(1)存放在出纳处的现金；(2)存放在银行的款项；(3)收到购货单位开来并承兑的商业汇票；(4)借入偿还期在1年内的借款；(5)借入偿还期在1年以上的借款；(6)生产部门使用的各种机器设备；(7)厂部使用的办公大楼；(8)库存的原料及其他材料；(9)库存的完工产品；(10)生产部门正在加工中的在产品；(11)所有者投入的资本；(12)出租出借包装物所收取的押金；(13)采购员预借的差旅费；(14)应收购买单位的货款；(15)应付给供应单位的货款；(16)尚未缴纳的税金；(17)本年实现的利润；(18)以前年度积累的未分配利润；(19)企业外购准备长期持有的股票；(20)企业提存的盈余公积；(21)预付的下个季度的财产保险费；(22)接受外单位捐赠的非现金资产。

1、费用是经济利益的总流出2、费用是获取收入的垫支3、费用是日常活动中发生的4、费用将引起所有者权益变化生产成本是由对象化的生产费用形成（人力（体力脑力劳动），物力（原材料等）消耗），它并不会导致所有者权益减少，也不是经济利益的流出，而是资产形态的的转化，是继续由企业拥有和控制的一种资源。

因此生产成本属于资产要素而不是费用要素。

当产品完工一旦对外销售（判断标准），这时生产成本转化为营业成本，从而得到价值补偿，这时候才会导致所有者权益减少，属于费用要素。

本年利润：按照会计要素划分为利润要素，按会计科目划分属于所有者权益类科目营业外收入：非流动资产处置利得、非货币性资产交换利得、出售无形资产收益、债务重组利得、企业合并损益、盘盈利得、因债权人原因确实无法支付的应付款项、政府补资产=权益会计基本等式：资产=负债+所有者权益会计扩展等式：资产=负债+所有者权益+（收入-费用）=负债+所有者权益+利润▪一、目的：练习经济业务的分类和经济业务发生后对账户余额的影响以及试算平衡。

P48 习题一一、目的分析会计科目按隶属关系分类。

二、资料某工业企业现用部分会计科目、子目和细目如下：1.原材料2.短期借款3.B产品生产成本4.应收B公司货款5.主要材料6.辅助材料7.应付丑工厂货款8.应付帐款9.临时借款10.固定资产11.甲材料12.乙材料13.生产成本14.基本生产成本15.润滑油16.运输工具17.生产用房18.生产用固定资产19.A产品生产成本20.机器设备21.应收帐款22.辅助生产成本23.应收A单位货款24.应付子公司货款25.库存商品26.A种商品27.物资采购28.甲类商品19.财务费用30.利息（三）要求在上列科目中分析哪些属于一级科目？哪些属于二级科目？哪些属于明细科目？列示于下表（列示方法见举例）：P48 习题二一、目的分析会计科目按经济内容分类。

二、资料某工业企业发生下列各项经济业务：1.存放在出纳处的现金500元。

2.存放在银行里的款项144,500元。

3.向银行借入3个月期限的临时借款600,000元。

4.仓库中存放的材料380,000元。

5.仓库中存放的已完工产品60,000元。

6.正在加工中的在产品75,000元。

7.向银行借入1年以上期限的借款1,450,000元。

8.房屋及建筑物2,400,000元。

9.所有者投入的资本2,000,000元。

10.机器设备750,000元。

11.应收外单位的货款140,000元。

12.应付给外单位的材料款120,000元。

13.以前年度积累的未分配利润280,000元。

14.对外长期投资500,000元。

三、要求1.判断上列各项经济业务的科目名称及所属要素，填入下表；2.试算资产总额是否等于负债十所有者权益总额。

P49 习题三一、目的计算帐户中的有关数据。

二、资料三、要求根据上列帐户中的有关数据计算每个帐户的未知数据P50习题四一、目的练习资金变化类型。

二、资料某企业发生经济业务如下：1.用银行存款购买材料。

会计学原理课后习题答案目录第一章总论............................................... 错误!未定义书签。

一、单项选择题............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

二、多项选择题............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

三、判断题................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

第二章会计科目、会计账户和复式记账.......................... 错误!未定义书签。

一、单项选择题............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

二、多项选择题............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

三、判断题................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

四、业务题................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

第三章工业企业主要生产经营过程核算和成本计算................ 错误!未定义书签。

一、单项选择题............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

二、多项选择题............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

三、判断题................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

四、业务题................................................. 错误!未定义书签。