8BUnit1Pastandpresent

8B Unit 1 Past and present一、重点词组ed to do sth 过去常常做某事be / get/become used to doing sth 习惯于做某事*be used to do sth 被用来做某事2. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物*share n. 份额，股份3. be kind / nice/ friendly to sb 对某人友好* It is kind of sb to do sth 对于某人来说，做某事是好心的* kindness n. 好心4. at different times 在不同的时代*at a time 一次*at times 有时5. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事* It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事6. sb spends some time on sth/ sb spends some time doing sth= It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费时间做某事7. interview sb = have an interview with sb 采访某人get some information 得到一些信息*information 不可数名词message 消息可数名词take a message 带个口信8. know sb/ sth very well 对某人/某物很了解9. move sth away from sp 把某物搬离某地move to sp 搬到某地move away 搬走10. in the southern part of…= in the south of…在…的南部(范围内)to the south of…= be south of …在…南部（范围外）eastern 东部的western 西部的northern 北部的11. get/be married to sb 嫁给某人get married用于一般过去时；have/has been married 用于现在完成时*marry sb 嫁/娶某人marry A to B 把A嫁给B12. move two blocks away 搬了两个街区远13. over the years 多年以来14. turn part of the town centre into a new park 把镇中心的部分变成一个新公园turn…into…* change…into…把…变成…turn on/off 打开/关掉*turn up 把音量调高/出现*turn down 把音量调低/拒绝*turn around 转过身15. a large shopping mall 一个大型的购物大厦16. a pollution problem 一个污染问题*pollute v. 污染*polluted adj. 污染的17. put the waste into the river 把垃圾放进河里waste n. 废弃物*waste v. 浪费waste sth *waste n. a waste of time 浪费时间18. realize the problems 意识到了这个问题*realize = be aware of 意识到*realize one’s dream= one’s dream comes true 实现某人的梦想19. take action to do sth= act to do sth 行动做某事20. improve the situation 改善这种情况*improvement n. 改善，改进21. much cleaner 干净多了*much/even/a little/a bit/ far/ still等后用比较级22. in some ways 在某种程度上/在某些方面on one’s way to sp. 在某人去某地的路上by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道in any way 在任何方面in this way 以这种方式23. most of my old friends 我的大部分老朋友most friends 大多数朋友24. so often as before 和以前一样经常地as…. as 和…一样not as/so…as 不如24. play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下中国象棋play+乐器类单词play+球类/棋牌类单词play with 玩具类单词25、feel a bit lonely感到有点儿孤独（寂寞）live alone 独自居住*alone= by oneself= on one’s own 独自*a lonely village 一个偏僻的村庄26、from time to time = sometimes= at times有时27、because of + n. / v-ing 因为because后跟原因状语从句28、know little about sth. 对……知之甚少a few 一些后跟复数few 几乎没有+复数a little 一点儿后跟不可数名词little 几乎没有+不可数名词29、take place / happen 发生(没有被动语态)*break out 爆发(没有被动语态)*run out 用光(没有被动语态)30、all one’s life一生，一辈子，终生31、over the past century在过去的一个世纪里32、hear about …听说关于……hear of 听说hear from 收到某人的来信33、living conditions 居住条件living area 生活区域*living adj. 活的*live, alive, living，lively的区别1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。

八年级英语8B Unit1Past and present译林版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：8B Unit1Past and presentGrammar 现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。

其构成：have (has) +过去分词。

规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。

现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下：肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film.He/She /It has seen the film.否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they ha ven’t.Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.现在完成时中常用的一些表达：already: 已经，常用于肯定句中，放在句中或句末。

用于疑问句常表示惊讶疑惑。

yet 已经，还，常用于疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。

ever 曾经，常用于疑问句中，放在句中。

never 从不，表示否定，放在句中。

just刚刚，常用于肯定句中，放在句中。

since 自从…以来，后面接时间点或从句。

for 后面接一段时间。

例：I have finished my homework already.My cousin hasn’t returned the library book yet.They have just given the food to the poor boy.Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? No, never.I have known him since ten years ago/ for ten years.My sister has lived in Canada since she was born.现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。

8B Unit 1 Past and present 知识清单一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit.1.past and present 过去和现在【区别】① (A)in the past在过去（past作名词，此短语用于过去时句型中）(B)in/over/during the past ten years在过去的10年中（past作形容词，此短语用于现在完成时句型中）(C) half past one 一点半（past作介词）②at present = now = at the moment 现在，目前2.I have just eaten it. 我刚把它吃掉了。

【现在完成时】★【区别】①just now刚才（用于过去时中）I bougt a new bike just now.②just 刚才（用于现在完成时中）I have just bought a new bike just now.3.in the bowl 在碗里ed to share food with me 过去常常和我一起分享食物【used to do sth. 过去曾经做某事】ed to be so kind to me 过去常常对我这么友好【be kind/friendly/nice to sb.对某人友好】★【重点】①used to do sth. （过去时）过去经常做某事，曾经做某事。

My father used to be a teacher. = He was a teacher in the past.There used to be a small bridge over the river.= There was a small river over the river in the past.②be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事【此句型中to为介词】I am used to getting up early.③be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth.（被动语态）被用来做某事Wood is used to make paper. =Wood is used for making paper.6.transport at different times 不同时代的交通(工具)7. take turns to talk about it 轮流谈论它①take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事③wait for one’s turn to do sth. 等待轮到某人做某事8. I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常骑自行车去上学。

8B Unit 1 Past and presentGrammarⅠPresent perfect tense一、现在完成时谓语动词的定义：A.现在完成时态表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

e.g. 1.He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。

)B.现在完成时态表示动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

e.g. 1.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。

)二、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：have/has+ved （其中have/has为助动词，ved为动词的过去分词。

）e.g . I have finished the composition already.四、过去分词的构成1、直接加–ed looked watched2、以不发音的e结尾的，加–d changed moved3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，加-ed studied carried4、重读闭音节，一元加一辅，双写辅音字母，加-ed planned dropped★现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。

如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。

(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。

不与确定的过去时间状语连用。

如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。

(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)3. 两种时态的区分(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。

8B Unit 1 Past and Present 语言点Welcome to the unit1.Past and present 过去和现在(1) past 名词，“过去”in the past e.g. :We can‟t change the past ,but we can try to forget it.我们不能改变过去，但是我们可设法忘掉它。

People lived a hard life in the past .过去人们过着艰苦的生活。

（2）past 形容词，“过去的，昔日的”e.g. In the past years ,we have built too many houses.在过去的几年里，我们已经建造了太多的房子。

(3) past 副词，“过”额。

E.g. : A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.一位妇女路过时，看见了事情的发生。

（4）pass 动词“通过，经过，递给”固定结构：pass sb sth= pass sth to sb ”把某物递给某人。

E.g. : Can you pass the exam, Tom? 汤姆，你能通过考试吗？（5）present 名词“现在，目前”at present =now(在现在) e..g. :People live a happy life at present.现在人们过着幸福的生活。

（6）present 名词“礼物”=gift e.g.: I received many nice presents at the Spring Festival.2.It was in the bowl an hour ago.一小时前它还在碗里。

an hour ago 一小时前，只用在一般过去时中。

E.g. :She left thirty minutes ago 它三十分钟前离开了。

8B unit1 past and present标题解析：Past and present(1)past 做名词，表示“过去，往昔”in the past 在过去，从前=years agoPast 做形容词，表示”过去的“，in the past few years在过去的几年当中Past 做副词，表示”经过，过去“，walk past the house, drive past the post office 走过...;驶过...Past 做介词，表示”超过，在...之后“，ten past seven, 7点10分辨析：past/passpast做介词，跟动词连用，如run past, walk past, hurry past, drive past...不能单独使用表示经过Pass做动词，直接跟宾语，如pass the house, pass the supermarket; 此外，pass当动词表示“递给”pass me the salt 例题：When I walked the playground, I saw a lot of boys there.A.Past; play footballB.Passed; playing footballC.Past; playing footballD.Passed; play football(2)Present 做名词，表示“现在”，at present现在=nowPresent 做名词，表示“礼物”，buy sb. a present=buy a present for sb.Present 做形容词，表示“现在的，目前的”，the present condition 目前的状态the present day当代的例题：汉译英他们经常谈论过去，现在和将来。

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一.词汇拓展1.marry v. →married (adj.) 已婚的2. communicate v. →communication (n.)3. north n. →northern (adj.)4. wife n. →wives(复数)5. interview v. →interviewer (n.) 采访者6.recent adj. →recently (adv.)7.exact adj. →exactly (adv.)8.pollute v. →pollution(n.)二.重点短语1.和某人分享某物2.对某人好3.不同时期的交通工具4.阳光镇的变化5.非常了解这个地方不太了解那个地方6.从那时起自从2005年以来自从去年以来自从三个星期前以来7.搬家搬到南京搬走搬出搬进一座新公寓搬到两个街区以外8.在…南部9.结婚10.变化很大变成change n.改变（可数）找零，零钱（不可数）11.在过去在现在12.这些年以来13.把…变成翻到14.打牌下中国象棋15.简单快捷16.花费时间做某事17.水污染噪音污染减少污染18.过去经常做某事19.像以前一样经常地20.把…扔进21.一个很严重的问题22.采取行动做某事23.在某种程度上顺便问一下在去…的路上挡路24.开阔的空间/ 户外活动场所25.不时地，偶尔26. 一处自然景点地方27.从…借…借给某人…/把…借给…28.在使用中29.带…去…30.独自地31.居住环境32.清新的空气33.和他的父母一起出国37.保持联系38.近期照片recent 在近几年中39. 通过email交流40.使交流简单41. 在镇中心三.重点句子1.-Eddie，have you seen my food ? ----Yes. I’ve just eaten it.Just 表示“刚刚”，表示刚刚发生的事情，用于现在完成时态。

8B Unit 1 Past and present一、词组1)过去常常做某事 used to do sth2)习惯做某事 be/get used to doing sth3)被用来做某事 be used to do sth4)对某人友好 be kind to sb5)和某人分享某物 share sth with sb6)做一份历史课题 do a history project7)这些年，历年 over the years8)北京的变化 the changes in Beijing9)不同时代的运输工具 transport at different times10)不同形式的交通工具 different forms of transport11)等候下一班公交车 wait for the next bus12)搬家 move house13)居住在城镇的北部 live in the northern part of town14)和某人结婚 get/be married to sb15)结婚 marry sb16)从那以后 since then17)把……变成…… turn… into …18)一家钢铁厂 a steel factory19)往河里扔废物 put the waste into the river20)采取措施改善在这种情况 take action to improve the situation21)在某种程度上 in some ways22)我的大部分老朋友 most of my old friends23)像以前一样经常 as often as before24)打牌和下中国象棋 play cards and Chinese chess25)感觉有一点孤独 feel a bit lonely26)有时，偶尔 from time to time / sometimes27)发生 take place28)阳光镇的历史 the history of Sunshine Town29)采访某人 interview sb/have an interview with sb30)某人的一生 all one’s life31)在过去 /在现在/在将来 in the past/at present/ in the future32)教许多关于中国的历史 teach a lot about the history of China33)学习更多关于北京的过去和现在 learn more about Beijing’s past and present34)听说这部电影 hear about the film35)计划做某事 plan to do sth36)居住环境，居住条件 living conditions37)干净又新鲜的空气 clean and fresh air38)从……返回 return from / come back from39)回到…… return to40)出国 / 国内外 go abroad /at home and abroad41)和……保持联系 keep in touch with42)主要通过电子邮件交流 mainly communicate by email43)让交流变得容易的多 make communication much easier44)玩乐的好去处 a good place to have fun45)穿过城镇的中心 run through the centre of the town46)很快适应生活的变化 get used to the changes of life quickly47)独自、独立 on one’s own48)大的空地 large open space49)在两边 on both sides/on each/either side50)享受舒适的生活 enjoy a comfortable life51)搬到/搬进/搬出 move to /move into / move out of52)水/噪音/空气污染 water/noise/air pollution/noise53)乘汽车往返城镇 travel to and from the town54)听收音机 listen to the radio55)在他们的空余时间 in their free time二、句型1。

牛津译林英语8B Unit 1 Past and Present一、1.an hour ago 一小时前2.not play with you any more 不再和你一起玩3.not…any more = no more = not … any longer = no longer不再,再也不……4.in the southern part of town 在南部的镇上5.live together till 1965 住在一起直到1965年6.at different times 在不同的时代7.know the city very well 对这所城市非常了解8.(A and B)get married A和B结婚9. A be married to B A和B结婚（延续）10.move to another flat 搬到另外一所公寓11.in the center of town 在镇中心12.change a lot 变化大13.in the past 在过去14.turn/change the place into a park 变成公园15.at weekends 在周末16.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋17.a shoe factory 一家鞋厂18.water pollution 水污染19.pollute the river 污染河流ed to do sth 过去常常做某事21.dump its waste into the river 把它的废水倒入河里22.the government realized it was a very serious problem政府意识到它是一个非常严重的问题23.take action to reduce the pollution 采取措施来减少污染24.in some ways 在某些方面25.have open space and pretty gardens 拥有开放的空间和漂亮的花园26.move out of …搬出……27.feel a bit lonely 感觉有点孤单28.from time to time/at times 不时/有时29.make me very happy 使得我很开心30.move out of the city 搬出这所城市31.because of +名词因为…..32.be lucky enough to see the changes 足够幸运地看到变化33.a few times 几次34.miss my friends 想念我的朋友35.see/enjoy the exhibition 看/喜欢展览36.decide to do sth 决定做某事37.since last week 自从上周以来38.for a whole week 整个一星期39.by the way 顺便说40.hear from her 收到她的来信41.travel by plane 乘飞机旅行42.own a boat 拥有一条船43.in fact 事实上44.in the sitting room 在起居室45.a real one 一个真的46.in service 在服务中47.in the past and the present 在过去和现在48.take me to school 带我去学校49.on my own/by myself/alone 独自/单独50.in primary school 在小学ed to be 过去常常是52.a lot more people 更多的人53.change a lot 改变了许多54.why not do sth 为什么不做某事55.since he was born 自从他出生后56.since last Friday 自从上周五57.move into new flats 搬进新公寓58.over the years 在几年间59.have more free time 有更多的空闲时间60.have time to relax more 有时间多放松二、【句型学习重点】1.Have you seen my food? 你见了我的食物了吗？2.I’ve known the place for many years.我了解这个地方已经许多年了。

8B Unit 1 Past and presentI.Words1.工厂8.环境，条件2.街区9.正是，没错3.废料10.到国外4.不可能的11.尽管，即使这样5.环境12交流（n）6交通车辆，运输工具(v)7.近来，最经13妻子（复数）II.Phrases1.过去和现在2.饿的3.过去常和我分享食物4.对我好的5.不同时代的交通工具6.你为什么不乘公交车去呢？7.公交车上有太多人8.花费很长时间等下一班车9.对……很了解10.搬家11.结婚12.和我父母居住在镇的北部13.在镇中心14.这些年改变了许多15.搬离了两个街区16.政府已经把镇中心的部分变成了一个新的公园17.一家钢铁厂18.把废弃物排入河里19.意识到这个问题20.采取行动来改善这种情况21.在某些方面22.过去常常下中国象棋23.看到令人惊奇的变化24.不时感到有点孤独25.我大部分的朋友26.对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经变的不太可能。

27.有一个漂亮的现代化城镇是很好的28.干净的多29.他的一生30.这个镇过去时什么样子？31.在过去的一个世纪32.教我们许多关于中国的历史33.干净清晰的空气34.生活条件35.当地人36.搬进新的公寓37.乘公交车来回镇上旅行38.从美国回来39.出国40.在小学41.互相保持联系42.主要通过电邮交流43.互联网使交流更加的容易44.一个玩乐的好地方45.一条河流穿过镇中心46.搬去一所新的学校47.有更多的科目要学习48.习惯于生活的变化49.又窄又脏的道路50.又宽又干净的街道51.大的空地52.两边都是绿色的树53.在他们的业余时间。

八年级下册Unit1 Past and present知识点梳理【重点单词】past [pɑːst]过去present ['preznt] 现在，目前just [dʒʌst] 刚才used to (过去持续或常发生)曾经since [sɪns] 自…以来ever ['evə] 曾经，永远，这以前northern ['nɔːðən] 北方的，北部的married [ˈmærɪd] 已婚的，结婚的wife [waɪf] (妻子block [blɒk] 街区since [sɪns] 自…以来over ['əʊvə] 在…期间turn ... Into ... 把…变成…pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] 污染；污染物factory ['fæktəri] 工厂waste [weɪst] 废料；废品realize ['rɪəlaɪz] 意识到；实现improve [ɪm'pruːv]改进，改善situation [sɪtjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n] 形势，情况in some ways 在某种程度上however [haʊ'evə] 然而impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbl] 不可能的before [bɪ'fɔː]以前，过去，已经lonely ['ləʊnli] 孤独的，寂寞的from time to time [frɒm//taɪm//tuː//taɪm] 不时，有时，偶尔anyway [ˈenɪweɪ] 尽管，即使这样husband ['hʌzbənd] 丈夫interview [ˈɪntəvjuː]采访；会见all one's life 一生yet [jet] 还，仍recently ['riːsntli]近来，最近past [pɑːst]过去environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 环境transport [trænsˈpɔːt]交通车辆，运输工具condition [kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n] 环境，条件，状况return [rɪ'tɜːn]返回last [lɑːst]最近，上一次；最后abroad [ə'brɔːd]到（在）国外primary [ˈpraɪməri] 小学教育的；初级的keep in touch 保持联系communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] 交流，交际communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] 交流，交际exactly [ɪg'zæktli] （答语）正是，没错be/get used to 习惯于，适应于narrow [ˈnærəʊ] 狭窄的open space 开阔的空地【重点词组】1.in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的ed to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查4.write a report on the changes in your home town 写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道5.know about the different forms of transport 对不同形式的交通工具很了解6.talk about transport at different times 讨论不同时期的交通工具7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns 轮流做某事8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus乘公交车去学校11.interview sb. to get some information 为了得到些信息采访某人12.know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解13.be born 出生14.move house 搬家15.in the northern part of town 在这个镇的西部16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.和某人结婚17.marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人18.move two blocks away搬到两个街区以外19.live in this area 住在这个地区20.since then 自从那以后since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago21.over the years 这些年over the past century 在过去的几个世纪22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town 在镇中心23.turn/change/put sth. into 把某物变成某物24.a steel factory 一个钢铁厂25.put the waste into the river 把垃圾倒入河里put down 记下put away 收好put on 穿上put off 推迟、延期26.take action to improve the situation采取行动改善这种情况27.in some ways 在某些方面on the way (to ) 在……的路上by the way 顺便说no way 没门in any way 无论如何28.most of my old friends大部分我的老朋友29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town30.see each other as often as before像以前一样经常看到对方31.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下棋32.feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单33.from time to time = at times = sometimes 有时34.because of being alone 因为独自一人35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼on both sides/ on each side36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人37.all his life 整个他的一生38.in the past 在过去at present 现在39.make some notes 做些笔记40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.浪费某物在某物/某人上41.repair over ten bicycles= repair more than ten bicycles修理超过10辆自行车42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China教我很多有关中国的历史43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing讨论一个有关北京历史的影片44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present对北京的过去和现在了解更多45.hear about/of 听说hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter=receive/get a letter of sb.收到某人来信46.living conditions 居住条件47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人48.go abroad 去国外at home or abroad 在国内外49.at primary school 在小学50.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系51.make communication much easier使得联系更容易Communicate with sb.和某人保持联系52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行happen发生(偶然发生)53.green hills all around到处都是绿山54.a river runs through the centre of town一条小河穿过镇中心55.get used to the changes of life习惯了生活的变化56.on one’s own = by oneself = alone独自57.throw rubbish 扔垃圾58.in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方59.move into new flats搬到新公寓去60.in their free time在他们业余时间61.travel around the town在镇里转转62.have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车e the new words to talk about my hometown用些新词来讨论我的家乡e facts to support my opinions用事实来支持我的观点【重点句型】1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。