A Study of Outsourcing and Self-Run Business Decision 的翻译

最短路径算法在空间移动对象网络数据库中的应用萧兰银，支明丁，李靖摘要一个在空间网络数据库查询的最重要（SNDB）支持基于位置的服务（LBS）是最短路径查询。

给定一个对象在一个网络中，例如一个位置的汽车在一个道路网络，和一组利益的对象，如酒店，加油站和汽车，最短路径查询返回的最短路径从感兴趣的对象的查询对象。

最短的研究路径查询有在线处理和预处理两种方式。

预处理假设兴趣对象的研究是静态的。

本文提出了一种最短路径算法的一组索引结构，支持移动对象的情况。

这算法可以动态问题转化为静态问题。

在本文中，我们重点对道路网络。

然而，我们的算法不使用任何特定的信息，因此可以适用于任何网络。

该算法的复杂度为O，和传统的Dijkstra的复杂度为O（+ K））。

关键词：移动对象；空间网络数据库；最短路径索引；最短路径第一章介绍随着无线通信的不断增长定位技术的发展，许多高效的查询移动对象和查询方法基于位置的服务（LBS）变得越来越重要。

此外，空间中的最短路径查询网络数据库是一种应用最广泛的服务。

Dijkstra的主动性工作之后，许多研究采用多种方法和算法解决问题最短路径查询已进行。

在最短路径研究的两fi领域算法：在线计算和预计算。

在线计算已经得到解决，例如，在最好绑定在预先计算中出现在，第二最好的算法在最短路径研究。

以前的工作的精确算法预处理包括那些使用几何信息，层次分解，概念达到，和A*搜索结合地标分布—。

该方法是计算最佳根据实时时间间隔中的路径。

这方法可以解决网络的动态变化和移动对象，但它需要太多的资源在每一个计算。

因此，计算时间太长，当网络规模较大，它不能提供实时的结果。

文献31讨论了如何重新计算路径快如果网络结构—真正的改变时，最短路径的计算。

在本文中，我们提出的算法在交通—性网络，但我们的算法不使用任何信息—网络环境相关。

因此，该算法可以在其他网络环境中使用。

我们现在讨论一些工作相关的预计算下面。

在这些算法中有两个复合部分：预处理算法计算的辅助数据，并查询算法和辅助计算最短路径—实验数据。

Cultivating Self-Discipline Among University StudentsIn the dynamic and often distracting environment of university, cultivating self-discipline becomes paramount for students to succeed academically and personally. Self-discipline is the ability to regulate one's actions, emotions, and thoughts in pursuit of long-term goals, without external supervision. Here are some strategies to foster this crucial trait in university students.Firstly, setting clear and specific goals is essential. University students should identify their long-term aspirations and break them down into smaller, achievable milestones. Having a clear roadmap provides direction and motivation, encouraging students to stay focused and avoid distractions.Secondly, establishing a routine is crucial. Consistency is key in building self-discipline. By creating a daily schedule and sticking to it, students can develop habits that support their academic and personal goals. This routine should include regular study sessions, breaks for relaxation, and time for extracurricular activities.Thirdly, university students should learn to prioritize their tasks. Understanding which activities are most important and allocating time accordingly helps students stay on track and avoid procrastination. Prioritizing also teaches students to make wise choices and manage their time effectively.Moreover, it is important for university students to seek accountability. This can be done by sharing their goals with friends, family, or mentors and checking in with them regularly. Having someone to whom they are accountable encourages students to stay focused and avoid distractions.Lastly, students should practice self-reflection. Regularly assessing their progress, identifying areas for improvement, and making adjustments accordingly helps students stay motivated and on the path to success. Self-reflection also allows students to gain insights into their strengths and weaknesses, which can be used to further develop their self-discipline.In conclusion, cultivating self-discipline among university students is essential for their academic and personal success. By setting clear goals, establishing routines, prioritizing tasks, seeking accountability, andpracticing self-reflection, students can develop the resilience and focus necessary to achieve their dreams.。

如何平衡学术学习和个人生活英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Balancing academic studies and personal life is a common struggle for many students. The demands of academics can often take up a significant amount of time and energy, leaving little room for personal activities and relaxation. However, it is important to find a balance between the two in order to maintain overall well-being and success in both areas. In this essay, I will discuss some strategies for achieving this balance.One of the key aspects of balancing academic studies and personal life is time management. It is important to create a schedule that allows for dedicated time for both studying and personal activities. This may involve setting aside specific hours for studying each day, as well as scheduling in time for hobbies, exercise, socializing, and relaxation. By having a clear plan for how you will spend your time, you can ensure that you are able to fulfill both academic and personal commitments.Another important strategy for achieving balance is to prioritize self-care. Taking care of your physical and mentalhealth is essential for academic success and overall well-being. This may involve getting enough sleep, eating healthy meals, exercising regularly, and practicing stress-reducing activities such as meditation or mindfulness. By prioritizing self-care, you can ensure that you have the energy and focus needed to excel academically while also enjoying your personal life.Communication is also key in balancing academic studies and personal life. It is important to communicate with professors, classmates, and friends about your schedule and commitments. By being transparent about your availability, you can avoid feeling overwhelmed by conflicting demands and ensure that you are able to meet your academic and personal responsibilities. Additionally, seeking support from friends, family, or counseling services can provide valuable guidance and encouragement in maintaining balance.Finally, it is important to set realistic goals and expectations for yourself. While it is important to strive for academic excellence, it is also important to recognize that perfection is not attainable. It is okay to prioritize self-care and personalwell-being over academic achievements at times, and it is important to be gentle with yourself when things do not go as planned. By setting realistic goals and expectations, you canreduce feelings of stress and pressure and create a more balanced and fulfilling life.In conclusion, achieving a balance between academic studies and personal life is essential for overall well-being and success as a student. By practicing good time management, prioritizing self-care, communicating effectively, and setting realistic goals, you can create a balanced and fulfilling lifestyle that allows you to excel academically while also enjoying personal activities and relationships. Balancing academic studies and personal life may be challenging, but with dedication and effort, it is possible to find harmony and success in both areas.篇2Balancing academic study and personal life is essential for overall well-being and success. While focusing on your studies is crucial for achieving your academic goals, it is equally important to make time for yourself and engage in activities that promote personal growth and relaxation. In this article, we will explore some strategies for balancing academic study and personal life effectively.First and foremost, it is important to prioritize and manage your time efficiently. Create a study schedule that allows you todedicate sufficient time to your academic work while also allowing for breaks and personal activities. Make a list of your daily tasks and prioritize them based on urgency and importance. By staying organized and sticking to a schedule, you can avoid feeling overwhelmed and ensure that you have time for both academic study and personal pursuits.In addition, it is important to set boundaries and learn to say no when necessary. While it is important to be involved in extracurricular activities and social events, it is also essential to recognize when you need to prioritize your academic commitments. Learn to prioritize your tasks and say no to activities that do not align with your academic goals or personal values. By setting boundaries and managing your time effectively, you can strike a balance between academic study and personal life.Furthermore, it is important to take care of your physical and mental health. Engage in regular exercise, get sufficient sleep, and eat a balanced diet to ensure that you have the energy and focus to excel in your academic pursuits. In addition, make time for activities that help reduce stress and promote relaxation, such as meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature. By takingcare of your well-being, you can maintain a healthy balance between academic study and personal life.Moreover, it is important to seek support from friends, family, and mentors. Reach out to others for advice, encouragement, and assistance when needed. Surround yourself with positive influences who can help you navigate the challenges of balancing academic study and personal life. By building a support network, you can effectively manage your responsibilities and maintain a healthy work-life balance.In conclusion, balancing academic study and personal life is essential for overall success and well-being. By prioritizing your time, setting boundaries, taking care of your health, and seeking support from others, you can effectively manage your responsibilities and achieve a healthy balance between academic study and personal pursuits. Remember to make time for yourself and engage in activities that bring you joy and fulfillment. By striking a balance between academic study and personal life, you can thrive both academically and personally.篇3Balancing academic studies and personal life can be a challenging task for many individuals. With the demands ofcoursework, extracurricular activities, social obligations, and personal wellness, finding a harmonious balance between these various aspects of life can seem overwhelming. However, with proper time management, prioritization, and self-care strategies, it is entirely possible to maintain a healthy equilibrium between academic pursuits and personal well-being.One of the key strategies for balancing academic studies and personal life is effective time management. Prioritizing tasks, creating a schedule, and allocating specific blocks of time for studying, socializing, exercising, and relaxation can help individuals maintain a sense of control over their personal and academic responsibilities. By breaking larger tasks into smaller, manageable chunks and setting realistic deadlines for completion, students can avoid feelings of overwhelm and ensure that they have adequate time for both their academic commitments and personal interests.Another important aspect of achieving a balance between academic studies and personal life is setting boundaries and learning to say no. While it is essential to be dedicated to one's academic pursuits, it is equally important to recognize when it is necessary to take a step back and focus on personal well-being. Learning to prioritize self-care and personal time can helpindividuals prevent burnout, maintain mental and emotional well-being, and ultimately enhance their academic performance.In addition to effective time management and setting boundaries, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also play a significant role in achieving a balance between academic studies and personal life. Eating well, getting enough sleep, staying active, and taking time for relaxation and stress relief are all essential components of maintaining overall well-being. By prioritizing self-care and wellness, individuals can improve their focus, concentration, and productivity, ultimately enhancing their academic performance and quality of life.Furthermore, seeking support from friends, family, teachers, and mental health professionals can be instrumental in achieving a balance between academic studies and personal life. Having a strong support system can provide individuals with the encouragement, guidance, and motivation they need to navigate the challenges of academic life while also taking care of themselves. Additionally, seeking out resources such as counseling services, mindfulness practices, and stress management techniques can help individuals develop the skills they need to cope with the demands of academic life in a healthy and sustainable way.In conclusion, achieving a balance between academic studies and personal life is a crucial aspect of overall well-being and success. By practicing effective time management, setting boundaries, prioritizing self-care, and seeking support when needed, individuals can maintain a healthy equilibrium between their academic pursuits and personal interests. Ultimately, by investing in their well-being and maintaining a sense of balance, individuals can enhance their academic performance, improve their quality of life, and achieve success both academically and personally.。

自律勤劳是学术成功的关键英语作文Self-discipline and diligence are Key to Academic SuccessAcademic success is something that many students strive for, but achieving it is no easy task. It requires dedication, hard work, and a commitment to self-discipline. In order to excel in school, one must possess the qualities of self-discipline and diligence.Self-discipline is the ability to control one's impulses, emotions, and behaviors in order to achieve goals. It involves setting clear boundaries and sticking to them, even when faced with distractions or temptations. Self-discipline is essential for academic success because it allows students to stay focused and on track with their studies. Without self-discipline, it is easy to become disorganized, procrastinate, and fall behind in schoolwork.Diligence, on the other hand, is the quality of being diligent or hardworking. It involves putting in the effort and time necessary to achieve one's academic goals. Diligence is important because it ensures that students are consistently working towards their objectives, even when faced with challenges or setbacks. By being diligent, students can overcomeobstacles and continue to make progress towards their academic aspirations.Together, self-discipline and diligence are a powerful combination that can lead to academic success. When students are disciplined, they are able to stay focused and avoid distractions that may hinder their progress. They are also able to develop good study habits, such as setting goals, creating a study schedule, and staying organized. Diligence, on the other hand, ensures that students are putting in the necessary effort and time to achieve their academic goals.In conclusion, self-discipline and diligence are key components of academic success. By developing these qualities, students can overcome obstacles, stay focused, and achieve their academic aspirations. With self-discipline and diligence, students can reach new heights and excel in their academic endeavors.。

选择性必修第二册Unit 4Breakingboundaries佳作抢鲜背学写作思路，背精彩范文(告知信——学唐诗)(全国Ⅰ卷)假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。

请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。

内容包括：1.时间和地点；2.内容：学习唐诗；3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。

精彩范文Dear Leslie，How are you going these days? I’m happy that you have made rapid progress in Chinese.Now I’m writing to tell you the teaching plan for the next time.To begin with，w e’l l have our class in my home next Sunday if it is convenient to you.Secondly，I’l l teach you poems of Tang，which are famous not only in China but also throughout the world.Thirdly, they may be a bit difficult for you，so yo u’d better make some preparations in advance.Most importantly，you should learn about the general history of Tang Dynasty，which will be surely of great help to you.I’m looking forward to meeting you next Sunday.Yours，Li Hua迁移运用每日句型练透：be of＋n.＝be＋adj.1.First and foremost，since I plan to major in gardening in the university，having some practical knowledge ahead will be of great benefit/will be beneficial.首先，因为我计划在大学里主修园艺，所以有一些实践知识将会有很大的好处。

2014高考英语全程复习方略素质与能力提升演练：牛津译林必修1——2（答案)必修1、2（120分钟120分)第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1。

What does the woman like collecting best？A. Stamps. B。

Coins. C. Train tickets。

2。

Which country found lovely music is good for people's hearts？A. America。

B. Australia.C. Russia。

3。

What is the woman eager to buy？A. Ice creams.B. Candy.C. Drinks.4. What is the man’s son now?A。

A pupil。

B. A high school student。

C。

A university student。

5. Why didn’t the woman call the man yesterday?A. She lost her cellphone。

B. Her cellphone was power off。

C. Her teacher took her cellphone away。

第二节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

专题二七选五阅读五年高考新高考题组Passage 1(2023新课标Ⅰ)主题：生活态度Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human. 1.You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 2.Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 3.You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 4.That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.It's something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. 5.We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.答案1. D2. B3. F4. C5. GAs an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.•Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 1. You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.•Paint of ten and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 2.•Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 3.Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.•4.Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 5.Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.A. Get out of your comfort zone.B. Make career plans and set goals.C. Don't throw away your beginner art.D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.E. You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.G. You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.答案1. C2. G3. A4. D5. EFitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “1.” With a workout partner, you will i ncrease your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.So, how do you find a workout partner?First of all, decide what you want from that person. 2.Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 3.If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 4.You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5.Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.答案1. C2. D3. B4. G5. FWriting an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.1.When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free.2.Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 3. Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱)paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision. 4.As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 5.The resulting blank space invites you to revise.A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.C. The second draft of the essay should be better.D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.答案1. D2. B3. E4. F5. GMy husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 1.So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)worked. 2.Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I maste red, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 3.French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.4.On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency(效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 5.When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.A. Not all the customers are tourists.B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.G. The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.答案1. F2. C3. G4. E5. AIf the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 1.●Before you open the book, make sure that you are comf ortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 2.●3.Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc. This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.●If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.4. A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.●Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 5.Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.A. Stop to have a rest now and then.B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.答案1. D2. G3. B4. C5. ESome individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 1.Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the“speaking.” 2. Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one. 3.Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 4.And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.5.It's rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can't count the times tha t you've thought,“I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.答案1. G2. A3. C4. B5. DTalking with your doctorTalking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 1.●Stay positive.Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude. 2.Think teamwork! Think positive!●Keep track of how you are feeling.3.This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状) and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.●4.Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic(过敏) to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.●Ask questions.Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 5.Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.A. This will make getting answers easier.B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.答案1. B2. E3. D4. F5. A其他卷题组Passage 9(2023全国甲)主题：完善自我Tricks To Becoming A More Patient PersonHere's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There's one answer:1..In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.•Practice gratitude(感激)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2.. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.•Make yourself waitInstant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3.. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.•4.So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself,“5..” You'll then gradually become more patient.A. Find your causesB. Start with small tasksC. Accept the uncomfortableD. All this adds up to a state of hurryE. It can also help us practice more patienceF. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerableG. They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience答案1. G2. E3. B4. C5. FPassage 10(2023北京)主题：未来规划It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1.When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2.Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3.The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment(注册) or funding. 4.Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.5.Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.B. Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion.C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor:the quality of teaching.E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.F. They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.答案1. D2. F3. G4. B5. EWith gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever,why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 1.But no matter when you travel, it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 2.Then you won't have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 3.In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold.Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 4.Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.Have fun. 5.Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600 (the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you're going 67.92 mph.A. Train trips aren't for impatient types.B. You'll have views from both sides of the train.C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.D. That's particularly true during busy summer months.E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.答案1. D2. G3. C4. E5. AI have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示) on where to buy their presents. 1.Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something; other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. 2. And when writing doesn't seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. 3.You write “Dear Santa” because you don't know him personally and you want to show him respect.4.Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time.There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. 5.This type of writing won't be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.A. It isn't that these young people can't write.B. But it is always purposeful—or at least it should be.C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.答案1. D2. B3. E4. F5. GI have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. 1.•Pick the most important.2.Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.•Combine your activities.Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends,family,work,play,etc.3.Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.•4.You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks,freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.•Lighten up.The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进)toward a happy productive existence. 5.Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.A. Speed up.B. Be an active learner.C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.答案1. F2. D3. C4. B5. GYou've got mail...and it's a postcardPaulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. 1.“I often send postcards to family and friends,” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it.2.”Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch(直觉)paid off.Today his hobby has developed into the website , a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 3. Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. 4.So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 5.That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.A. And that's totally fine.B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.答案1. G2. A3. E4. F5. BYou run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 1.It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 2.Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:3.So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line—called a serpentine line—and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 4.This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.5.It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?C. Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.答案1. A2. G3. D4. F5. B。

自律和勤奋是学业成功的关键因素英语作文Self-Discipline and Hard Work: The Keys to Doing Well in SchoolHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm in 5th grade. Today I want to talk to you about something really important when it comes to school – being self-disciplined and hardworking. I've learned that having these qualities is super crucial for doing well academically. Let me explain why.First off, what does it mean to be self-disciplined? Basically, it means you can control yourself and your behavior without others having to discipline you. You stick to your responsibilities and don't get distracted or goof off. Self-disciplined students get their homework done on time, pay attention in class, study for tests, and follow all the rules. It's not always easy though! Sometimes I really want to just play video games instead of doing my math worksheets. But I know that giving in to that urge will just make me fall behind.That's where having willpower comes in. Willpower means being able to resist temptations or urges that might lead you off track. It's like a muscle – the more you exercise it throughself-discipline, the stronger it gets. So every time I resist playinggames until after I've finished my work, my willpower grows a little bit stronger for next time.Diligence is another key part of this. That just means being dedicated and hardworking rather than lazy. Diligent students don't slack off or try to take shortcuts. They put in their best effort, even when the work is really difficult or boring. You have to diligence things like reading carefully, double checking your work, doing revisions, and practicing skills over and over until you've mastered them.Why are self-discipline and diligence so important though? Well, think about how much material you have to learn and master over the school year. Math, reading, writing, science, social studies, and more. Each subject has a ton of concepts, skills, and information to learn. If you aren't self-disciplined and diligent, you'll quickly fall behind. Soon you'll be lost because you'll be missing crucial things you needed to understand the new lessons. It's like missing a step on a ladder – you'll have a really hard time climbing higher.But when you are self-disciplined and hardworking, it's like building on a solid foundation. You learn things thoroughly and sequentially. That makes it easier to understand new concepts since you have that strong base of prior knowledge. You're ableto keep up, get good grades, and develop a genuine mastery over the material.So how can you build self-discipline and diligence? For me, it's been a lot of practice and developing good habits. Like I mentioned before, exercising that willpower muscle is important. I've found ways to remove or avoid temptations that might derail me. For example, I leave my video games in another room when it's time to do homework. That way I'm not getting distracted by them.It's also really helpful to have a set routine and schedule. I do my homework at the same time every night, right after my afternoon snack. That way it's just built into my daily pattern. Having a special homework space that's quiet and free of distractions like TV also helps me concentrate.Getting enough sleep is key too. If I stay up too late playing games or watching TV shows, it's much harder for me to focus and stay on task the next day at school. I get groggy and easily distracted. That's why I have a firm bedtime to make sure I get 9-10 hours of sleep. Being well-rested makes me sharp and ready to tackle my work.Having a good attitude and finding motivation is important too. If I think about how putting in hard work now will pay off inthe future by getting me to a good college and career, it inspires me to give full effort. Remembering that the work is building knowledge and skills that will help me in life also motivates me. I want to learn as much as I can!My parents have been really helpful in fostering these qualities too. If I'm struggling to finish an assignment, they'll gently but firmly encourage me to persist until it's done. They praise me for doing things diligently and without cutting corners. Seeing how proud they are of me working hard makes me want to keep it up.I've also learned that it's okay to ask for help when I need it. Being self-disciplined doesn't mean I have to do everything alone and struggle in silence. If I'm really stuck, I'll ask my teacher to re-explain something or get help from a parent or tutor. That allows me to get。

大学生独立自主英语作文University is a crucial stage in the lives of young adults, where they transition from the structured environment of high school to a more independent and autonomous phase of their academic and personal development. This period presents both opportunities and challenges as students navigate the complexities of higher education and prepare for their future careers. The ability to think critically, make informed decisions, and take responsibility for one's own learning and growth is essential for success in the university setting and beyond.One of the primary aspects of university life that fosters independence and autonomy is the shift in the learning environment. In high school, students are often guided closely by teachers, with clear instructions and deadlines for assignments and assessments. However, in university, the onus is on the student to manage their own time, prioritize their tasks, and take an active role in their education. This requires a significant level of self-discipline, organizational skills, and the ability to work independently.University students are expected to take charge of their academic journey, from selecting courses and planning their schedules to conducting research and completing projects. This level of autonomy allows students to tailor their educational experience to their individual interests, strengths, and career aspirations. By making informed choices about their academic path, students develop a sense of ownership and investment in their learning, which can lead to a deeper understanding of the material and a greater sense of accomplishment.Moreover, university life presents opportunities for students to explore their passions and interests beyond the classroom. From joining student organizations and clubs to participating in extracurricular activities, students have the freedom to pursue their hobbies, develop new skills, and engage with diverse communities. This exposure to a wide range of experiences can foster personal growth, enhance social skills, and provide valuable networking opportunities.With this newfound independence, however, comes the responsibility to manage one's own finances, health, and well-being. University students must learn to budget their money, make informed decisions about their expenses, and develop healthy habits to support their academic and personal success. This process of self-management can be challenging, but it ultimately prepares studentsfor the realities of life after graduation.One of the key aspects of university life that encourages independence and autonomy is the opportunity for students to engage in research and independent projects. Whether it's a senior thesis, a research internship, or a capstone project, these experiences allow students to delve deeply into a topic of their choice, conduct original research, and present their findings. This level of intellectual engagement not only enhances their critical thinking and problem-solving skills but also instills a sense of ownership and pride in their work.Additionally, university students are often given the chance to participate in decision-making processes that affect their academic and campus life. From serving on student government committees to providing feedback on university policies, students can have a meaningful voice in shaping the environment in which they learn and grow. This participation fosters a sense of agency and empowerment, as students recognize their ability to influence the world around them.However, the transition to university life is not without its challenges. Some students may struggle with the newfound freedom and responsibility, leading to difficulties in managing their time, maintaining academic performance, or prioritizing their well-being.In these cases, universities often provide a range of support services, such as academic advising, counseling, and mentorship programs, to help students navigate these challenges and develop the necessary skills for independent living.It is important to note that the level of independence and autonomy experienced by university students can vary depending on various factors, such as the specific institution, academic program, and individual circumstances. Some universities may have a more structured or prescriptive approach, while others may emphasize a higher degree of student self-direction. Regardless of the specific context, the overarching goal of university education is to empower students to become self-reliant, critical thinkers, and responsible citizens.In conclusion, the university experience is a crucial stepping stone in the development of young adults, where they are given the opportunity to cultivate their independence and autonomy. From managing their academic pursuits to exploring their personal interests, university students are encouraged to take an active role in shaping their own educational and personal journeys. This process of self-discovery and self-management not only prepares students for the challenges of the real world but also fosters a sense of confidence, resilience, and personal growth that will serve them well throughout their lives.。

第6章阅读表达（一）(2011·天津卷）In college，Spring Break (春假）is usually associated with the beach，parties and sleepless nights，bringing about relaxation，free time and friends。

Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding，however,may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program。

It places college students in communities both at home and abroad.The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy (识字) ,homelessness and the environment.It includes helping kids with their lessons，raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research。

The hope is that，by getting themsevles involved in different environments，students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view.In turn，they will incorporate(融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities。