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普林斯顿大学基本概况学校名称：美国普林斯顿大学(普林斯顿) Princeton University (Princeton)所在位置：美国，Box 430 Princeton, NJ 08542 41-53创建时间：1746QS排名：9USNEWS排名：1学费：37000录取率：0.078普林斯顿大学是美国最著名的私立研究型大学之一，是常春藤盟校的一员，目前在QS大学排名中位列世界第十三位。
普林斯顿大学的基本概况是怎样的呢?和来看看吧。
Princeton University has a longstanding commitment to service, reflected in Princeton’s informal motto — Princeton in the nation’s service and the service of humanity —and exemplified by the extraordinary contributions that Princetonians make to society.The value of service is central to the mission of Princeton as a liberal arts university. It infuses the passions and pursuits of our students, faculty, staff and alumni, and is essential to how Princetonians serve the public good.The University has reinforced its commitment to helping students and alumni use their educations to not only benefit themselves but also society more broadly. We push students, faculty and alumni to think about how their research, education and lives will benefit the nation, the world and humanity, and give them the support and resources to make it happen.Princetonians pursue service in many ways, such as through a profession, vocation or role.With innovation and purpose, our students work with each other to propose and pursue civic engagement projects throughout their time at Princeton. Ideas for engagement arise through classes and research, student organizations and campus activities, and many have a home in the Pace Center for Civic Engagement.Our alumni engage in service across the world, participating in civic society and leading meaningful lives connected to a larger purpose and impact. Every year, more than 15,000 alumni volunteer to serve Princeton and University-sponsored projects. Alumni can serve with their class, regional associations, affiliated groups, the Association of Princeton Graduate Alumni and more. Annually at Alumni Day, top honors go to an undergraduate alumnus and a graduate alumnus for their service to society.Princeton-sponsored service programs offer positive ways for students, faculty and staff to engage with the larger community.普林斯顿大学长期以来都致力于服务，这反映在普林斯顿大学“为美国和人类服务”非正式的校训中，也从普林斯顿大学为社会所做的非凡贡献中得到了证明。
闻名遐迩的普林斯顿大学座落于美国新泽西州普林斯顿小镇，校园环境优雅，宁静安详，爬满常春藤的哥特式建筑让人嗅到浓郁的历史气息，似乎，时间也在此停止了。
普林斯顿处于纽约和费城之间，是一座富有特点的乡村城市。
方圆7平方公里的小城处在新泽西州西南的特拉华平原，东西方向分别有卡内基湖和特拉华河。
河水环绕着的普林斯顿景色幽雅，周围树木繁茂；普林斯顿人口约为3万，市民普遍生活富裕；小城交通方便，距离纽约和费城两大城市分别只需大约1小时车程，加上小城的恬静和安祥，以及浓浓的文化氛围，使普林斯顿成为美国上层人士青睐的居住地。
普林斯顿古色古香的城堡式建筑，精工细雕的石饰艺术，大气开阔的楼院布局，都令人目不暇接，印象深刻，被称为全美国最美丽的校园。
有不少专业摄影师来这里拍摄。
在NassauStreet和WitherspoonStreet的交叉口有一扇及其不起眼的小铁门，但这就是普林斯顿大学真正意义上的校门，即NassauGate，通往NassauHall。
传说，学生在校期间只能两次过校正门门：一次是入学，一次是毕业，不然就毕不了业。
当然这只是传说，从正门出来穿过NassauStreet，可以享用小镇的美味——普林斯顿镇是新泽西州的富裕地区，据说里面的冰激凌店品种之丰富，连费城这样的大都市都自愧不如。
走进校门，首先看到的就是NassauHall，在正门门口有两只老虎铜像，事实上校园中还有许多形态各异的老虎铜像，普林斯顿大学的吉祥物就是老虎。
NassauHall有名并非是其年长，而是因为它见证了美国历史上一连串的重大事件，比如说它是新泽西州的第一个立法机构所在地，是普林斯顿战役的指挥机关，它甚至做过联邦的国会大厦(1781年7月至11月)。
1777年的那场激烈的普林斯顿战役中，乔治.华盛顿指挥他的士兵从英军手中夺回了阵地，NassauHall也在经历了猛烈的炮火后奇迹般的存活下来。
它的一楼大厅是用来纪念历次战争中牺牲的普林斯顿大学校友。
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT,PRINCETON UNIVERSITYPHYSICS301FINAL EXAMINATIONJanuary17,2000,8:30–11:30am,Jadwin A06This exam containsfive problems.Work any three of thefive problems.All problems count equally although some are harder than others.Do all the work you want graded in the separate exam books.Indicate clearly which three problems you have worked and want graded.I will only grade three problems.If you hand in more than three problems without indicating which three are to be graded,I will grade thefirst three,only!Write legibly.If I can’t read it,it doesn’t count!Put your name on all exam books that you hand in.(Only one should be necessary!!!) On thefirst exam book,rewrite and sign the honor pledge:I pledge my honor that I have not violated the Honor Code during this examination.Physical Constants and Conversion Factorsc=2.998×1010cm s−1,¯h=1.054×10−27erg s,k=1.380×10−16erg K−1,e=4.803×10−10statcoulomb,N0=6.025×1023molecules mole−1, m electron=9.108×10−28g,m proton=1.672×10−24g,m neutron=1.675×10−24g,m amu=1.660×10−24g,µB=9.273×10−21erg Gauss−1,G=6.673×10−8cm3s−2g−1.1atm=1.013×106dyne cm−2,1eV=1.602×10−12erg,1cal=4.186×107erg.1.Consider a line of N+1“spins”.A spin can point up or down and the spins are labeled 0,1,2,...,N in order along the line.Suppose that when two adjacent spins point in the same direction,they contribute−J to the energy of the system and when they point in opposite directions,their contribution is+J>0.Non-adjacent spins have no interactions.(a)What are the possible energies of this system and how many states are there witheach energy?Hint:you mayfind it easier to specify a state and do the calculations in terms of the number of same direction and opposite direction pairs rather than the number of up and down spins.(b)The system is in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath at temperatureτ.What is thepartition function?A closed form expression is desired.(c)The system is still in equilibrium at temperatureτ.Determine its average energy andentropy.2.In biological systems,all sorts of interesting interactions occur.For example,it’s possible for the presence or absence of one kind of molecule to“control”the interactions of other molecules.Consider a solution containing molecules of type A,the“active”molecules and molecules of type C,the“carrier”molecules.C molecules have a receptor for A molecules so they can bind A molecules and transport them somewhere(for example, through a cell membrane).The solution may also contain type B,“blocker”molecules and the receptor on the C molecules can bind a blocker instead of an active molecule.Under some conditions,the concentration of B molecules in the solution can control the fraction of C molecules which have bound an A molecule.What does it mean for a C molecule“to have a receptor”for an A molecule?It means that the C and A molecules can form a bound system with energy− A( A>0)relative to =0when they are unbound.Similarly,C and B molecules bind with energy− B. Further, A and B are substantially larger than the energies with which other molecules might be bound at the same place on the C molecule.So we are considering three possible states involving a C molecule and the A and B molecules.First,a bare C molecule with energy0.An A molecule bound to a C molecule with energy− A.And a B molecule bound to a C molecule with energy− B.Assume that the concentration of C molecules in the solution is sufficiently small compared to the concentrations of A and B molecules that the concentrations of A and B molecules are unaffected by the number which bind to C molecules.That is,the solution is an infinite reservoir of A and B molecules as far as the C molecules are concerned. (a)Determine the grand partition function for this system.Also determine the occupancyof the A molecules and that of the B molecules.That is,the fractions,f A and f B, of C molecules which contain an A or a B molecule.You may introduce the chemical potentials,µA andµB,of A and B molecules.(b)The concentration,n A,of A molecules is sufficiently high that in the absence of Bmolecules,essentially every C molecule binds an A molecule.Also recall that so-lute molecules(in a dilute solution)may be treated as an ideal gas,so thatµA=τlog(n A/n Q,A),µB=τlog(n B/n Q,B),where n Q,A and n Q,B are the quantum con-centrations for A and B molecules.To simplify matters assume the masses of A and B are the same so that n Q,A=n Q,B.Now,with reasonable approximations,you should be able to simplify your expression for the occupancy of A molecules so that it depends only on the concentrations,n A,n B,and the binding energies and temperature in the combination( B− A)/τ.(c)As already remarked,in the absence of B molecules,the occupancy of A molecules is100%.However,when the concentration of B molecules in solution reaches1%that of the A molecules in solution,it is observed that the occupancy of A molecules drops to 10%.What is the numerical value of( B− A)/τ?Make a rough estimate of B− A in electron volts.3.This problem contains two“quickies”each of which will receive equal weight in the grading.(a)Consider a ferromagnetic solid containing N spins(with magnetic moments)eachof which may point up or down.Above the Curie temperature,τc,the spins are completely randomly oriented.Below the Curie temperature,the spins spontaneously align becoming completely aligned(either all up or all down)asτ→0.Suppose it is found that a reasonable approximation to the heat capacity(of the spin system alone) as a function of temperature isC(τ)=C c(τ2/τ2c),τ<τc, 0,τ>τc,where C c is a constant.By considering the entropy atτ=0and atτ=τc,determine the value of the constant C c.(b)Do youfind it surprising that life can exist thousands of meters below the surface of theocean where the pressures are huge and no sunlight can penetrate?The energy source is the heat from hydro-thermal vents in the oceanfloor.These are places where molten rock is close to the oceanfloor and can heat the water.In this problem,you’re asked to estimate the boiling point(temperature)of water at these depths.For definiteness, take the density of sea water to beρ=1g cm−3(even though salt water is somewhat denser!),the depth to be D=2km=2×105cm,the gravitational acceleration to be g=980cm s−2,the latent heat of vaporization of water to be =2.3×1010ergs g−1, the specific volume of water vapor at the normal boiling point(373K,1atm)to be v v=1700cm3g−1,and the molar mass of water to be18g mole−1.Please express your answer for the temperature in Kelvin,not ergs!Finally,remember that estimate means to make reasonable approximations.4.Suppose that we lived in a world with two(instead of three)spatial dimensions but physics was otherwise the same(hard to imagine...).Consider a low density gas of non-interacting point particles in this world.The gas has N particles of mass m,occupies a volume(area)A and is in equilibrium at temperatureτ.(a)Determine the partition function of this gas in the limit that multiply occupied statesmay be ignored.Hint:helpful expressions for this part and subsequent parts:1 2π +∞−∞e−u2/2du=12π+∞−∞u2e−u2/2du=1,log N!≈N log N−N.(b)Determine the energy and the(Helmholtz)free energy of this gas.(c)Determine the pressure(a force per unit length in the two dimensional world)and theentropy of this gas.5.Consider spin waves in an isotropic magnetic crystal.These are waves in which the spins responsible for the magnetism oscillate in space and time.Just as with sound waves, the spin waves can be quantized and they can store internal energy in a crystal.However, these waves have a different relation between frequency and wave number than do sound waves.In particular,ω=ak2,where a is a constant.Also,there is only one(longitudinal)polarization per mode.Con-sider a crystal containing N spins in thermal equilibrium at temperatureτ.(a)What is the average energy in a mode of frequencyω?(Neglect the zero-point energyof the mode.)(b)Explain why there are afinite number of spin wave modes in the crystal.(c)At low temperatures,the heat capacity of the spin wave system in the crystal isproportional toτn.What is n?(A numeric value is desired.)THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK。
普林斯顿大学普林斯顿大学，英文名称：Princeton University，创建于1746年，普林斯顿大学是一所位于美国的私立大学。
校训：Dei sub numine viget创办时间：1746年现任校长：雪莉·蒂尔曼知名校友：约翰·F·肯尼迪詹姆斯·麦迪逊所属地区：美国新泽西州学校简介普林斯顿地处纽约和费城之间，是一座别具特色的乡村都市。
小城位于新泽西州西南的特拉华平原，面积约为7平方公里，东濒卡内基湖，西临特拉华河。
普林斯顿的景色幽雅，四周绿树成荫、绿草丛丛，清澈的河水环绕着小城静静流淌;普林斯顿人口约为3万，大多市民生活富裕;小城交通方便，距离纽约和费普林斯顿大学城只需大约1小时车程，加上小城恬静而又安详的生活，浓浓的文化氛围笼罩下的贵族气息，使普林斯顿成为美国上层人士青睐的居住地。
普林斯顿大学是全美第五历史悠久的高等学府，(第一为哈佛大学，第二为威廉玛丽学院，第三为耶鲁大学，第四为宾夕法尼亚大学，第五为普林斯顿大学，这些都是美国的顶尖学府)美国独立战争在这里赢得第一次胜利.爱因斯坦在这里度过了他生命中最后的22年时光.它记录了博弈论大师纳什波澜壮阔的人生经历.爬满常春藤的哥特式校园，永不停歇地讲述着美丽心灵的故事.它是美国政治家的摇篮，从这里走出了两位总统和44位美国州长.这里曾经盛开文学界姹紫嫣红的繁荣景象，当代最著名的大诗人艾略特在此冥想玄思，它是驱动人类前进的原动力，33位诺贝尔奖得主以及众多华人学术精英，在这里为人类文明注入了重量级的资本。
普林斯顿的学生都必须遵照被称为“荣誉规章”(''Honor Code”)的学术诚信的政策。
这条规定需要学生写一份书面保证，保证对所有的书面作业既没有剽窃也没有违反其他道德规范。
写下这份保证表示签署的学生已经理解这条政策的“双向责任”：自己绝对遵守，也向校方报告任何其他学生违反这条政策的现象。
