高中英语常考不可数名词
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高中英语培优补差不可数名词形容词副词篇A.基础复习(1):不可数名词不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。
常用的不可数名词有:advice, news, weather, climate, information, baggage/luggage, wealth, paper, work, homework, housework, paperwork, (firework: 烟火; 烟花。
可数名词),equipment, room/space(空间), grammar, evidence, fun, practice, wood, progress, jewelry, furniture, cash, money, change(零钱。
作为“变化”讲时,有单复数。
),garbage/rubbish, cloth, clothing, ink, blood, bread, water, air, sweat, milk, tea, juice, beer, wine, rain, snow, ice, fog, soil, oil, silk, wool, sand, sugar, heat, soap, coal, cheese , meat, rice, wheat, corn, butter, soup, oxygen , gold, grass……, 食物,粮食,金属等。
waters: 水域; 领海; 海域。
paper: 报纸; 试卷; 答卷; 论文。
这时为可数名词。
hair : 头发。
指全部头发时为不可数名词; 指几根头发时为可数名词,要加s●不可数名词前不可以加:a/an these those many several (a) few 等。
可以加: the this that some any one’s much a little littlea lot of = lots of plenty of a good/great deal of不可数名词没有单数、复数,前面不可加a/an, 不可以给它们加s或者es。
高中英语名词考点在高中英语的学习中,名词是一个重要的语法板块。
掌握好名词的相关考点,对于提升英语语言能力和应对考试都具有重要意义。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨高中英语名词的常见考点。
一、名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词指特定的人、地方、机构等的名称,如 China(中国)、New York(纽约)、Microsoft(微软)等,其首字母通常要大写。
普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,如 book(书,单数)、books(书,复数)。
而不可数名词没有复数形式,如 water(水)、information(信息)。
二、可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式变化规则多样。
一般情况下,直接在名词后加s,如 cats(猫)、dogs(狗)。
以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词,加 es,如 buses(公共汽车)、boxes(盒子)、watches(手表)、dishes(盘子)。
以辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词,把 y 变为 i 再加 es,如 babies(婴儿)、cities(城市);但以元音字母+y 结尾的名词,直接加s,如 toys(玩具)、days(天)。
以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,把 f 或 fe 变为 v再加 es,如 leaves(树叶)、knives(刀);但有些词直接加 s,如roofs(屋顶)。
还有一些不规则的名词复数形式需要特别记忆,如 man men(男人)、woman women(女人)、child children(孩子)、foot feet (脚)、tooth teeth(牙齿)等。
三、不可数名词的量化不可数名词不能用具体的数字来表示数量,但可以借助一些量词来量化。
常见的量词有piece(片、块、件)、bottle(瓶)、cup(杯)、glass(玻璃杯)、bag(袋)等。
例如,a piece of paper(一张纸)、a bottle of water(一瓶水)、two cups of coffee(两杯咖啡)。
【高中英语】常考词的语法与用法:die, difference,different【高中英语】常考词的语法与用法:die,difference,different◆迪耶夫。
1.表示“死”,不及物,因此不能带宾语或用于被动语态。
如:错误:hediedhispath/他的父亲去世了。
正:hisfatherisdead.他父亲死了。
但它后面可以跟一个同源对象:他死得很惨,死得很勇敢。
2.表示死的原因,其后通常接介词of/from,其区别大致为:(1)如果死亡原因存在于人体内(主要指疾病、衰老和其他自身原因),则通常使用介词。
例如,死于疾病(心脏病、癌症等)(2)若死因不是存在人体之内或之上,而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因),一般用介词from。
如:diefromanearthquake(atrafficaccident,alightning,astroke,etc)死于地震(交通事故,雷击等)(3)如果死亡原因是环境对身体的影响,即双方的共同原因,你可以使用,从。
例如,adrink引起的死亡(周围、过度工作、劳累、饥饿和寒冷等)死于饮酒(受伤、过度工作、饥饿、寒冷等)但是在实际运用中,两者混用的情况较多。
◆不同点。
1.表示“区别”、“差异”,根据情况可用作可数名词或不可数名词。
如:两种语言之间有很多不同。
这两种语言有许多不同之处。
thereismuchdifferenceofopiniononthesubject.在这个问题上意见分歧很大。
2.用介词between表达两者之间的差异。
例如:thedifferencebetween5and8is3.5与8相差3。
根据情况,有时也可以使用其他介词。
例如:differencesamongmen人们之间的不同意见夜的不同3.用于makea(no)difference,意为“有(没有)差别”、“有(没有)影响”、“起(不起)重要作用”等。
如:他们的健康状况已经发生了重大变化。
语法复习十五:名词(一)名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1、可数名词单数变复数:①一般加s :lesson → lessons, pen → pens②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, ph oto → photos, zoo → zoos③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city → cities, story → stories④以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife → knives, leaf → leaves但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe (保险箱)→ safes, proof(证据)→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:①单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, means②不规则变化:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen。
但是,German → Germans③复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
1.---- May I take your order now?---- We’d like three black _____ and …A. coffeeB. coffeesC. cups of coffeesD. cup of coffees答案:B解析:coffee用作可数名词时意思是“(一)份/客咖啡”,常是餐馆里点菜用语,three coffees = three cups of coffee。
题干评注:不可数名词量的表示问题评注:当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数、当物质名词表示份数时,可数、抽象名词有时也可数、物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
2.--- I feel a bit hungry.----Why don't you have bread?A.any B.some C.1ittle D.a答案:B解析:bread是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词表示它的量,所以排除选项D。
little修饰不可数名词,但它表示否定概念,不符合题意。
any和some均可修饰不可数名词,Why don't you do sth?你为什么不……?这一句型是建议对方做某事,在表示建议、请求的问句中要用some,意思是希望得到肯定回答,即对方能够接受建议。
题干评注:不可数名词量的表示问题评注:bread是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词表示它的量。
3.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.A averageB numberC amountD quantity答案:A解析:a number of 许多amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
一、名词二、定义二、名词的数(前有a或an,后无s 前无a或an,后必有s)(一)可数名词单数复数规则1.+S 一般情况desks boys2.+es 以小四吃烧饼(x s ch sh o)结尾注意o结尾有生命+es Negro hero potato tomato无生命+s zoo photo3.y-----i+es 辅音字母+y结尾countries companies4.f/fe----v+es 以f/fe结尾5.常考不规则变化child------children man-------men woman------women foot-------feet (二)常见不可数名词(前无a或an,后无s)fun 乐趣advice 建议weather 天气information 信息bread 面包equipment 设备homework 家庭作业heart 心housework 家务活Knowledge 知识money 钱news 新闻消息progress 进步注:job 可数advice 可数工作建议work 不可数suggestion 不可数作品可数experience 经验(不可数) exercise 锻炼(不可数)经历(可数) 练习(可数)chicken 鸡肉(不可数) word 新闻,消息(不可数)小鸡(可数) 话,词(可数change 零钱(不可数)变化(可数)三、名词作定语1.man和woman有单复数变化例:men teachers women workers2.其他名词一般用单数例:apple trees coffee shops四、名词所有格1.有生命+’s (如果名词复数加s则直接加’)例:Lily’s trees’ women’s2.无生命用of (注意与汉语顺序相反)门的窗户the window of the door如果碰到名词+of+名词则需从后往前翻3.双重所有格a friend of mine a teacher of my sister’s五、涉及词性转换(一)动词变名词例如:Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are it top_____(attract).1)动词+enceexistence存在occurrence 发生reference 参考preference 偏好2)动词+anceacceptance 接受appearance 出现performance 履行tolerance 容忍enterance 进入assistance 帮助insurance 保险3)动词+tionproduction 生产introduction 介绍reduction减少prevention 阻止protection 保护invitation 邀请communication交流devotion致力competition竞争organization 组织contribution 贡献education教育pollution 污染4)动词+sionimpression 印象depression沮丧expression 表达expansion扩大decision 决定permission允许5)动词+mentagreement 同意development 发展punishment 惩罚treatment 对待settlement 定居achievement 成就improvement 改进encouragement鼓励6)其他grow-----growth die------death believe------belief succeed-----successstudy (动词学习)(名词研究)change 变化(动词、名词)(二)形容词变名词1)加ydifficult -----difficulty responsible-----responsibility similar-----similarity possible---- possibility honest-------- honesty2)加nesskind-----kindness ill-----illness aware------awareness3)加thwide----- width dead----death true------truth4)其他different-----difference able-----ability crowd (名词人群)(形容词拥挤的)(三)名词变名词science----scientist relation-----relationship六、考试题型及做题方法(一)语法填空如果给的词不是名词,但要填的词是名词,则根据上述方法进行变换如果所给词是名词,则可以考虑变复数或者所有格练习:1.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellingsadmirable is their ____ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.2.The nursery team switches him every few ____( day) with his sister. Then, handlethe most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____ (achieve).3.Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we takeshort breaks regularly.4.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived fromroughly 551 to 479 B.C. , influenced the (develop)of chopsticks.5.This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a methodof fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.6. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.7. This development was only possible with the _____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.8. She is determined to carry on with her (educate).9. She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.10. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showeda mere five to 10 minutes day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).11. This switch has decreased _______ (pollute) in the country's major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.12. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.13. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.14. When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.15. I'd skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark water of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).16. I had many wonderful (experience),but I also had a sad one.(二)改错如果是可数名词,前面没有a/an, 那么需要在后面加s如果是不可数名词,那么后面一定不能加s注意词性转换练习:1. The film was very good,but I didn't enjoy it because there were some problem in the cinema.2. I always have enough food to eat,a big room to live in,and beautiful cloth to wear.3. Those students are going to call on woman scientists tomorrow4. I've made some progresses in my listening and speaking.5. If you go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.6. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.重点:可数名词单复数规则常考不可数名词词性转换。