Utility of Vital Signs in Mass Casualty Disaster Triage灾害救援中的检伤分类

英国传统服饰简述英语作文Title: Exploring Traditional British Attire。

Introduction:British traditional attire reflects the rich history, cultural diversity, and distinct regional identities of the United Kingdom. From the elegant formal wear of the Victorian era to the casual yet stylish attire of the modern-day Briton, traditional clothing holds a significant place in British heritage. In this essay, we will delveinto the evolution and characteristics of traditional British attire.Historical Background:Traditional British attire has evolved over centuries, influenced by various factors such as social status, climate, and historical events. During the medieval period, clothing styles varied depending on one's social class,with nobles wearing elaborate garments made of expensive fabrics while commoners donned simpler attire crafted from wool or linen.Victorian Era:The Victorian era (1837-1901) marked a significant period in British fashion history. Queen Victoria's reign saw the emergence of formal wear characterized by structured silhouettes, high collars, and intricate embellishments. For men, the three-piece suit became the epitome of formal attire, while women adorned themselves in voluminous skirts, corsets, and elaborate hats. The Victorian era also witnessed the rise of the traditional British gentleman, whose impeccable attire symbolized refinement and social status.Tweed and Tartan:The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the popularity of tweed and tartan fabrics in British attire. Tweed, a durable woolen fabric, became synonymous withcountryside pursuits such as hunting and shooting. Its earthy tones and rustic appeal made it a favorite amongboth men and women for outdoor activities. Tartan, on the other hand, holds a special place in Scottish tradition,with each clan having its unique tartan pattern. Kilts, traditionally worn by Scottish men, remain an iconic symbol of Scottish identity and pride.World War Influence:The two World Wars had a profound impact on British fashion, leading to practical changes in attire. During World War I, military uniforms inspired civilian clothing, with trench coats and utility trousers becoming fashionable. World War II ushered in austerity measures, prompting rationing of fabric and clothing. Utility clothing, characterized by its simple and functional design, became the norm during this period.Modern-Day British Attire:In contemporary Britain, traditional attire coexistswith modern fashion trends, reflecting the nation's diverse cultural influences. The quintessential British look often includes elements such as the Burberry trench coat, Barbour waxed jacket, and Hunter Wellington boots. Formal occasions still call for traditional attire, with men opting for tailored suits and women choosing elegant dresses or skirt suits. However, casual wear has become increasingly prevalent, with British fashion embracing a mix of vintage-inspired pieces and contemporary streetwear.Regional Variations:One of the fascinating aspects of British attire is its regional variations, each reflecting local traditions and customs. For example, the Scottish Highlands are known for their distinctive tartan kilts and sporrans, while in Wales, traditional Welsh costumes featuring plaid skirts and bonnets are worn during cultural festivals. In England, regional attire such as the Cornish tartan and Yorkshireflat cap showcase the diversity of British heritage.Conclusion:Traditional British attire embodies the nation's rich cultural heritage and historical legacy. From the opulent garments of the Victorian era to the practical utility wear of the World War years, British fashion has evolved through the centuries while retaining its distinctive identity. Today, traditional attire continues to play a significant role in British culture, serving as a symbol of national pride and heritage.。

如果你有一个花园你想要种什么英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1If I Had a GardenIf I had a garden, I would want to grow all sorts of wonderful things! A garden is like a little world of its own, a special place where you can nurture life and watch it flourish right before your eyes. It's a magical feeling, being able to plant a tiny seed and then see it sprout, unfurl its first delicate leaves, and eventually bloom into something vibrant and beautiful.My dream garden would be a lush oasis, overflowing with fragrant flowers, succulent fruits and vegetables, towering trees providing cool shade, and buzzing with the activity of bees, butterflies, and songbirds. I can almost picture myself strolling along winding pathways, delighting in the kaleidoscope of colors and breathing in the earthy, floral scents. What an absolute joy it would be to cultivate such a verdant paradise!One of the first things I would grow is a wildflower meadow.I adore the idea of a casual, carefree tangle of vibrant blossoms swaying gracefully in the breeze. Imagine drifts of cosmos,zinnias, sunflowers, and black-eyed Susans mingling together in a vibrant, disorganized melange. I envision meandering paths mown through the meadow, inviting you to wander and discover new floral vistas at every turn. It would be an ever-changing tableau as different bloomers take their turn capturing the limelight throughout the growing season.Surrounding the wildflower meadow, I would cultivate a traditional flower garden with an array of annuals and perennials carefully arranged by bloom times, colors, heights, and textures. There would be fragrant roses and peonies, stately delphiniums and foxgloves, cheerful marigolds and petunias, and so much more. My goal would be to ensure there is always something new emerging or reaching its peak, so there are fresh blossoms to admire every week from spring through fall.Of course, no complete garden would be complete without herbs and veggies! I would dedicate a spacious plot to growing my own produce. Plump tomatoes, crisp heads of leafy greens, rainbow-hued carrots and beets, plump pea pods, and so on. Imagine being able to step outside and harvest ingredients for your meals just steps away from your own kitchen! Not only would it be immensely satisfying, but the fruits and veggieswould taste so incomparably delicious when plucked fresh from the vine or pulled from the soil that very day.An herb garden would blend beauty and utility, with chives, rosemary, thyme, sage, basil, and other culinary plants arranged in an ornamental yet productive design. I would love to brush against the aromatic foliage and let the intoxicating scents engulf my senses as I tended them. And of course, fresh herbs would elevate every dish to another level of deliciousness!In one tranquil corner of the garden, I would construct a quaint little pond. It wouldn't be a large body of water, but just enough to anchor that section and provide a serene focal point. Aquatic plants like waterlilies and lotus would adorn the surface while edging plants like irises, cannas, and pickerel weed would soften the perimeter. A few koi or other colorful fish would provide rhythmic flashes of iridescent motion underwater. A few well-placed boulders would enable me to sit and enjoy the therapeutic sounds of gentle flowing water while watching dragonflies hover and dip above the pool.Landscaping trees, shrubs, and vines would tie all the different areas together while contributing their own unique forms, textures, and seasonal interest. Throughout the growing season, they would offer corresponding hues to harmonize orcontrast with the flowers in bloom. I can envision snaking pathways tunneling through arbors enveloped by sweet-scented climbing roses and clematises. Manicured topiaries and espaliered fruit trees anchoring the corners with their geometric forms. Ornamental trees like Japanese maples, crape myrtles, redbuds, and dogwoods providing striking seasonal color and sculptural silhouettes.Of course, no garden would be complete without beloved garden accents and accessories. A few strategically placed benches, gliders, or patio sets would offer enticing spots to pause, rest, and soak in the beauty. A gazebo could provide shade for outdoor meals while offering a prime vantage point over the splendor. Decorative containers could add splashes of color and interest all their own. Perhaps a sundial, birdbath, or other ornamental pieces could inject character and whimsy where you least expect it.Indeed, a garden is never truly finished, merely stopped along its evolving journey. It is an ever-changing work of art that shifts with the seasons and years as plants mature, die back, and are replaced. Tending such an outdoor sanctuary would be incredibly fulfilling and grounding. With each changing year, thecanvas would offer new design opportunities and surprises to delight the senses.For me, a garden represents so much more than just horticulture - it is a living, breathing expression of one's creativity, patience, and appreciation of the natural world. It would be a labor of pure love and an opportunity to find peace and renewal amidst the beauty. To spend time among such splendor, nurturing plants and witnessing the cycles of growth and renewal would be food for my soul. If I had a garden, it would most certainly become my happy place - a verdant paradise to lose myself in while reconnecting with the world around me. What an immense privilege and blessing it would be!篇2If I Had a GardenIf I had a garden, I would want to grow all sorts of wonderful things! Having a little patch of earth to call my own and cultivate however I please sounds like an absolute dream. With a garden, the possibilities would be endless for creating a personal oasis tailored exactly to my desires. I've always loved the idea of getting my hands dirty, working the soil, and watching things sprout, bloom, and bear fruit through my hard work and care. Oh,the sights, scents, and tastes a bountiful garden would provide! Let me take you on a little tour of what I envision.First and foremost, I would absolutely have to devote a good portion of my garden to growing fruits and veggies. There's nothing quite like biting into a juicy strawberry or crisp carrot straight from the garden, is there? The flavor is always so much richer and more vibrant than the produce you get from the grocery store. I would make sure to have plenty of tomato plants, because is there anything better than a fresh tomato still warm from the sun's rays? I'm getting hungry just thinking about it! I would also go a little wild with zucchini, cucumbers, bell peppers, eggplants, and all sorts of leafy greens like spinach, kale, and romaine. Salads, stir-fries, and side dishes would always be incredibly fresh and flavorful.Of course, I would set aside ample space for herbs as well. There's nothing that awakens the senses quite like the aromas of freshly picked herbs. I would make sure to have multiple varieties of basil, from sweet to Thai. Rosemary and thyme for roasted veggies, oregano for homemade pizza and pasta sauce, cilantro for cooling summer dishes, dill for pickling, and parsley for...well, everything! I could cultivate a little herb garden right outside my kitchen door for the ultimate convenience.Speaking of cooking, how could I have a garden without counter herbs like chives, mint, and lavender? The first two would allow me to have an endless supply for baking, teas, and refreshing lemonades. And lavender...oh lavender. I can just imagine running my hands along the delicate purple flowers and breathing in that intoxicating floral aroma. Definitely a must for my garden!While I'm envisioning all these culinary delights, I can't forget about fruit trees and berry bushes! Apples, pears, peaches, plums, and figs would make for delectable late summer and fall treats. And can you imagine strolling through your own personal orchard,篇3If I Had A GardenIf I had a garden, I would grow all sorts of wonderful things!A garden is like a blank canvas waiting to be filled with colors, textures, and life. With some patience, tender care, and a bit of creativity, an empty plot of land can be transformed into a vibrant outdoor sanctuary bursting with beauty and sustenance.First and foremost, I would devote a good portion of my garden to growing fruits and veggies. There's nothing quite likebiting into a juicy strawberry still warm from the sun, or harvesting a basket of crisp lettuce and tomatoes for a fresh salad. I'd make sure to have plenty of raised beds and rich soil to cultivate crops like carrots, broccoli, snap peas, bell peppers, and zucchini. Fruit trees like apple, peach, and plum would line one side, providing both luscious produce and lovely blossoms in spring. And of course, I'd have to include pumpkin and squash vines, which are fun to watch sprawl and twine as the gourds plump up through summer into fall.Next, I'd incorporate a wildflower meadow area, letting native flowering plants reseed themselves each year in a controlled patch of the garden. Wildflowers are essential for supporting bees, butterflies, and other pollinators that play a vital role in the ecosystem. Just imagine the bursts of cheerful colors - sunny yellows, vibrant oranges, deep magentas, and cool blues dancing together in the breeze. It would be anever-changing, low-maintenance display of nature's artistry.Of course, I couldn't have a complete garden without some areas devoted to pretty ornamental plants too. Toward the back, I'd stake out some trellises and arbors for flowering vines like clematis, wisteria, and climbing roses to scramble up. Their cascading blooms would embellish walkways with romanticcharm. In the middle, I'd sculpt some gardening berms and rockery areas to accommodate drought-tolerant succulents and alpine plants that create a sense of structure with their architectural shapes and forms.Around the borders, I'd install some raised beds specifically for cutting gardens, ensuring I'd always have fresh flowers to brighten up the indoors as well. Can't you just envision the vases overflowing with frilly peonies, fragrant lilies, cheery daffodils, and stately irises? By carefully selecting plants with successive blooming seasons, I could have a steady supply of flowers for bouquets from spring through late fall.Tucked in one corner, I'd make sure to include an herb garden with all the culinary must-haves like basil, rosemary, thyme, sage, oregano, parsley, and mint. Having that incredible aroma wafting through the air anytime I brushed against the plants would be absolute bliss. Best of all, I'd be able to snip some fresh herbs whenever I needed them for cooking up delectable dishes.To make the garden an relaxing multi-sensory experience, I'd strategically place some ornamental trees, shrubs, grasses, and water features. A Japanese maple could provide dazzling fall foliage, contrasted with the feathery plumes of pampas grassswaying in the breeze. A re-circulating shallow stone rill could bring the soothing trickle of flowing water to soothe the senses. Fragrant plants like jasmine, honeysuckle, and lilac would scent the air with their intoxicating perfumes on warm days. Little personal touches like whimsical garden art, a handcrafted bench, and meandering pathways would help inject my own personality into the space.Lastly, I'd be sure to incorporate plenty of bird-friendly features like birdbaths, nesting boxes, and coneflowers, echinacea, and sunflowers to provide shelter, water, and food resources for my feathered neighbors. An avid birdwatcher, I'd look forward to having different species visit the garden throughout the seasons - watching them flutter, chirp, and raise their young amid the lush greenery. I'd be thrilled to see little families of chickadees, robins, finches, and wrens making themselves at home among the blooms.With all these thoughtful elements in place, my garden would become more than just a horticultural haven - it would be a multi-faceted retreat nourishing the mind, body, and soul. I'd spend as much spare time as possible out there, savoring the accomplishments of the previous season's work while dreaming up new ideas to evolve it into an even more magnificent oasis forthe coming year. From harvesting the ripe edibles to uncovering new sprouts poking through the soil to relaxing amid the butterflies and birdsong, it would be a place to recharge, relish the joys of nature's cycles, and revel in the fruits of my own patience and creativity.Ah, just picturing my dream garden in all its multi-colored, multi-textured, tantalizingly-scented glory makes me long to roll up my sleeves and start digging! A wide-open plot of soil overflowing with potential is akin to a blank journal waiting to be filled with ideas, stories, and experiences. If granted the opportunity to cultivate my very own gardening haven, I would pour my full passion into its creation and care. By thoughtfully planning and incorporating diverse elements supporting beauty, sustenance, and wildlife, I could craft an evolving environmental tapestry that would be endlessly fascinating, rewarding, and spirit-soothing to behold. If just dreaming about it fills me with this much excitement and anticipation, imagine the joy it would bring tending it each and every day throughout the seasons! Here's hoping my vision of the ultimate backyard oasis can one day become a blooming, buzzing reality.。

1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂3. dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4. blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5. consume v. 消耗，耗尽6. split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a. 裂开的7. spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃8. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9. slip v. 滑动，滑落;忽略10. slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片11. bacteria n. 细菌12. breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13. budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14. candidate n. 候选人15. campus n. 校园16. liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17. transform v. 转变，变革;变换18. transmit v. 传播，播送;传递19. transplant v. 移植20. transport vat. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具21. shift v. 转移;转动;转变22. vary v. 变化，改变;使多样化23. vanish vi. 消灭，不见24. swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25. suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26. suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的27. mild a. 温暖的，暖和的;温柔的，味淡的28. tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29. nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌(的人或事物)30. insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的;无价值的31. accelerate vt. 加速，促进32. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的;完全的33. boundary n. 分界线，边界34. brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住(车)35. catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目36. vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37. vain n. 徒劳，白费38. extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39. extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40. extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分41. agent n. 代理人，代理商;动因，原因42. alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精45. approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46. stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47. acquire vt. 取得，获得;学到48. accomplish vt . 完成，到达;实行49. network n. 网状物;广播网，电视网;网络50. tide n. 潮汐;潮流51. tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52. trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53. torture n. /vt. 拷打，折磨54. wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55. wax n. 蜡56. weave v. 织，编57. preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶;容器，器皿;血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt. /n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl. ]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模;等级;刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi. 易于，趋向88. tendency n. 趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的43. appeal n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求44. appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合;改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学101. organ n. 器官，风琴102. excess n. 过分，过量，过剩103. expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出，消费;经费106. expense n. 开销，费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大，扩张;展开，膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大，扩充;发展，膨胀110. private a. 私人的，个人的111. individual a. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体112. personal a. 个人的，私人的;亲自的114. personnel n. [总称] 人员，员工;人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予，同意，准予119. grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的120. invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭121. acid n. 酸，酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算，核算125. calendar n. 日历，月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口，输出130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口，输入131. impose vt. 把. . . 加强(on);采用，利用132. religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把. . . 录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯，触犯138. bother v. 打搅，麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍140. internal a. 内部的，国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先，事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物，辐145. range n. 幅度，范围 v. (在某范围内)变动146. wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对. . . 感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立148. issue n. 问题，争论点;发行，(报刊)一期149. hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地;足够152. adhere vi. 粘附，附着;遵守，坚持153. ban vt. 取缔，禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获155. valid a. 有效的，有根据的;正当的156. valley n. 山谷，峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的，始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的，连续(不断)的159. continual a. 不断地，频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增161. exploit v. 剥削;利用，开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的166. removal n. 除去，消除167. render vt. 使得，致使167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊!168. precaution n. 预防，防备，警惕169. idle a. 懒散的，无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出，鉴定171. identify n. 身份;个性，特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to) 抵抗的，抗. . . 的，耐. . . 的174. resolve vt. 解决;决定，决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价134. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者135. video n. 电视，视频 a. 电视的，录像的177. coarse a. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则，法规，密码180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷，盘绕181. adult n. 成年人182. advertise v. 为. . . 做广告183. advertisement n. 广告184. agency n. 代理商，经销商185. focus v. (使)聚集 n. 焦点，中心，聚焦186. forbid vt. 不许，禁止187. debate n. /v. 辩论，争论188. debt n. 欠债189. decade n. 十年190. enclose vt. 围住;把. . . 装入信封191. encounter vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到192. globe n. 地球，世界;地球仪193. global a. 全球的;总的194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览195. scandal n. 丑事，丑闻196. significance n. 意义;重要性197. subsequent a. 随后的，后来的198. virtue n. 美德，优点199. virtual a. 实际上的，事实上的200. orient vt. 使适应，(to, toward)使朝向 n. 东方201.portion n.一部分202.target n.目标，靶子vt.瞄准203.portable a.手提式的204.decline v.拒绝，谢绝;下降205.illusion n.错觉206.likelihood n.可能，可能性207.stripe n.条纹208.emphasizev t.强调，着重209.emotion n.情感，感情210.emotional a.感情的，情绪(上)的211.awful a.极坏的，威严的，可怕的212.awkward a.笨拙的，棘手的213.clue n.线索，提示214.collision n.碰撞，冲突215.device n.装置，设备216.devisev t.发明，策划，想出217.inevitable a.不可避免的221.previous a.先，前，以前的222.provision n.[pl.]给养，口粮;准备，设备，装置 223.pursue vt.追逐;追求;从事，进行224.stale a.不新鲜的，陈腐的225.substitute n.代用品vt.代替226.deserve vt.应受，应得，值得227.discrimination n.歧视;辨别力228.professional a.职业的，专门的229.secure a.安全的，可靠的230.security n.安全，保障231.scratch v./n.抓，搔，扒232.talent n.才能，天资;人才233.insurance n.保险，保险费234.insure vt.给...保险，保证，确保235.nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不过236.neutral a.中立的，中性的237.spot n.地点;斑点vt.认出，发现;玷污238.spray v.喷，(使)溅散239.medium a.中等的，适中的n.媒介物，新闻媒介240.media n.新闻传媒241.auxiliary a.辅助的，备用的242.automatic a.自动的pete vi.竞争，比赛petent a.有能力的，能胜任的petition n.竞争，比赛246.distribute vt.分发247.disturb vt.打搅，妨碍248.infer v.推论，推断249.integrate v.(into,with)(使)成为一体，(使)合并250.moist a.潮湿251.moisture n.潮湿252.promote vt.促进;提升253.region n.地区;范围;幅度254.register v./n.登记，注册255.stable a.稳定的256.sophisticated a.老于世故的，老练的;很复杂的257.splendid a.极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的258.cancel vt.取消，废除259.variable a.易变的，可变的260.prospect n.前景，前途;景象261.prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣262.aspect n.方面;朝向;面貌263.cope vi.(with)(成功地)应付，处理218.naval a.海军的219.navigation n.航行220.necessity n.必需品;必要性264.core n.果心，核心265.maintain vt.维持，保持;坚持，主张266.mainland n.大陆267.discipline n.纪律;惩罚;学科268.domestic a.本国的，国内的;家用的;家庭的269.constant a.不变的，恒定的n.常数270.cliff n.悬崖，峭壁271.authority n.权威;当局272.audio a.听觉273.attitude n.态度munity n.社区，社会mit vt.犯(错误，罪行等)，干(坏事等)ment n./vt.评论277.distinguish vt.区分，辨别278.distress n.痛苦，悲伤vt.使痛苦279.facility n.[pl.]设备，设施;便利，方便280.faculty n.能力，技能;系，学科，学院;全体教员281.mixture n.混合，混合物282.mood n.心情，情绪;语气283.moral a.道德上的，有道德的284.prominent a.突出的285.substance n.物质;实质286.substantial a.可观的;牢固的;实质的287.prompt vt.促使a.敏捷的，及时的288.vivid a.生动的289.vocabulary n.词汇(量);词汇表290.venture n.风险投资，风险项目v.冒险;取于291.version n.版本，译本;说法292.waist n.腰，腰部293.weld v./n.焊接294.yawn vi.打哈欠295.yield vi.(to)屈服于;让出，放弃n.产量296.zone n.地区，区域297.strategy n.战略，策略298.strategic a.战略(上)的，关键的299.tense a.紧张的v.拉紧n.时态300.tension n.紧张(状态)，张力301.avenue n.林荫道，大街302.available a.现成可用的;可得到的parable a.(with,to)可比较的，类似的parative a.比较的，相对的305.dash vi.猛冲，飞奔306.data n.数据，资料307.dive vi.跳水，潜水308.diverse a.不同的，多种多样的309.entitle vt.给...权利，给...资格310.regulate vt.管理，调节311.release vt./n.释放，排放;解释解脱312.exaggerate v.夸大，夸张313.evil a.邪恶的，坏的314.shrink vi.起皱，收缩;退缩315.subtract v.减(去)316.suburb n.市郊317.subway n.地铁318.survey n./vt.调查，勘测319.wealthy a.富裕的320.adjust v.调整，调节321.attach vt.系，贴;使附属322.profit n.利润，益处;v.有益于，有利于323.profitable a.有利可图的324.slope n.斜坡，斜面325.reinforce vt.增强，加强326.reject vt.拒绝327.fatal a.致命的;重大的328.fate n.命运329.humble a.谦逊的;谦虚的330.illegal a.不合法的，非法的331.award vt.授予，判给n.奖品，奖金332.aware a.意识到333.column n.柱，圆柱;栏，专栏edy n.喜剧335.dumb a.哑的;沉默的336.dump vt.倾卸，倾倒337.deaf a.聋的;不愿听的338.decorate vt.装饰，装璜339.principal a.最重要的n.负责人，校长340.principle n.原则，原理341.prior a.优先的，在前的342.priority n.优先，重点343.prohibit vt.禁止，不准344.remarkable a.值得注意的，异常的，非凡的345.remedy n./vt.补救，医治，治疗346.repetition n.重复，反复347.vain a.徒劳的，无效的parative a.比较的，相对的305.dash vi.猛冲，飞奔348.undertakev t.承担，着手做;同意，答应349.unique a.唯一的，独特的350.obstacle n.障碍(物)，妨碍351.odd a.奇特的，古怪的;奇数的352.omit vt.省略353.opponent n.敌手，对手354.opportunity n.机会，时机355.orchestra n.管弦乐队356.semester n.学期;半年357.semiconductor n.半导体358.seminar n.研讨会359.terminal a.末端的，极限的n.终点360.territory n.领土361.approximate a.大概的，大约v.近似362.arbitrary a.随意的，未断的363.architect n.建筑师364.architecture n.建筑学365.biology n.生物学366.geography n.地理(学)367.geology n.地质学368.geometry n.几何(学)369.arithmetic n.算术370.algebra n.代数371.entertainment n.娱乐;招待，款待372.enthusiasm n.热情，热心373.entry n.进入，入口处;参赛的人(或物) 374.environment n.环境375.episode n.插曲，片段376.equation n.方程(式)377.restrain vt.阻止，抑制378.restraint n.抑制，限制379.resume v.(中断后)重新开始380.severe a.严重的381.sexual a.性的382.simplicity n.简单;朴素383.simplify vt.简化384.sorrow n.悲哀，悲痛385.stuff n.原料，材料vt.填进，塞满386.temporary a.暂时的，临时的387.temptation n.诱惑，引诱388.terror n.恐怖389.thrust v.挤，推，插392.arouse vt.引起，激起;唤醒393.burden n.重担，负荷394.bureau n.局，办事处395.marvelous a.奇迹般的，惊人的396.massive a.大的，大量的，大块的397.mature a.成熟的398.maximum a.最高的，最大的399.minimum a.最低的，最小的400.nonsense n.胡说，冒失的行动402. nucleus n. 核403. retail n. /v. /ad. 零售404. retain vt. 保留，保持405. restrict vt. 限制，约束406. sponsor n. 发起者，主办者 vt. 发起，主办，资助407. spur n. /vt. 刺激，激励408. triumph n. 胜利，成功409. tuition n. 学费410. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪411. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生412. universal a. 普遍的，通用的;宇宙的413. universe n. 宇宙414. via prep. 经由，经过，通过415. vibrate v. 振动，摇摆416. virus n. 病毒417. voluntary a. 自愿的418. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿(做)419. vote v. 选举 n. 选票420. wagon n. 四轮马车，铁路货车421. appoint vt. 任命，委派422. approach v. 靠近，接近 n. 途径，方式423. appropriate a. 适当的424. bunch n. 群，伙;束，串425. bundle n. 捆，包，束 vt. 收集，归拢426. ceremony n. 典礼，仪式427. chaos n. 混乱，紊乱428. discount n. (价格)折扣429. display n. /vt. 陈列，展览430. equivalent a. 相等的 a. 相等物431. erect a. 竖直的 v. 建造，竖立432. fax n. /vt. 传真433. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的434. fertilizer n. 肥料435. grateful a. 感激的390.treaty n.条约，协定391.arise vi.产生，出现，发生;起身436. gratitude n. 感激437. horror n. 恐怖438. horrible a. 可怕的439. Internet n. 国际互联网，因特网440. interpret v. 翻译，解释441. interpretation n. 解释，说明442. jungle n. 丛林，密林443. knot n. 结 vt. 把. . . 打成结444. leak v. 漏，渗出445. lean vi. 倾斜，倚，靠446. leap vi. 跳跃447. modify vt. 修改448. nylon n. 尼龙449. onion n. 洋葱450. powder n. 粉末451. applicable a. 可应用的，适当的452. applicant n. 申请人453. breadth n. 宽度454. conservation n. 保存，保护455. conservative a. 保守的456. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物457. passion n. 激情，热情458. passive a. 被动的，消极的459. pat v. /n. 轻拍，轻打460. peak n. 山峰，顶点461. phenomenon n. 现象462. reluctant a. 不情愿的，勉强的463. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖，指望464. relevant a. 有关的，切题的465. reliable a. 可靠的466. relief n. 轻松，宽慰;减轻467. reputation n. 名气，声誉468. rescue vt. /n. 营救469. triangle n. 三角(形)470. sequence n. 连续;顺序471. shallow a. 浅的472. shiver vi/n. 发抖473. shrug v. /n. 耸肩474. signature n. 签名475. sincere a. 诚挚的，真诚的476. utility n. 功用，效用477. utilize vt. 利用 481. applause n. 鼓掌，掌声482. appliance n. 器具，器械483. consent n. 准许，同意 vi (to) 准许，同意484. conquer vt. 征服485. defect n. 缺点，缺陷486. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的487. evolve v. 演变488. evolution n. 演变，进化489. frown v. /n. 皱眉490. frustrate vt. 使沮丧491. guarantee vt. /n. 保证492. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的493. jealous a. 妒忌的494. jeans n. 牛仔裤495. liquor n. 酒，烈性酒496. liter/litre n. 升497. modest a. 谦虚道498. molecule n. 分子499. orbit n. 轨道 v. (绕. . . )作轨道运行500. participate v. (in) 参与，参加501. particle n. 微粒502. particularly ad. 特别，尤其503. respond vi. 回答，答复;反应504. response n. 回答，答复;反应505. sensible a. 明智的506. sensitive a. 敏感到，灵敏的507. tremble vi. 颤抖508. tremendous a. 巨大的;精彩的509. trend n. 趋向，倾向510. trial n. 审讯;试验511. apparent a. 显然的，明白的512. appetite n. 胃口;欲望513. deposit n. 存款，定金 v. 存放，储蓄514. deputy n. 副职，代表515. derive vt. 取得，得到;(from)起源于516. descend v. 下来，下降517. missile n. 导弹518. mission n. 使命;代表团519. mist n. 薄雾520. noticeable a. 显而易见到521. notify vt. 通知，告知522. notion n. 概念;意图，想法523. resemble vt. 像，类似于478. utter vt. 说出 a. 完全的，彻底的479. variation n. 变化，变动480. vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆525. revenue n. 收入，岁入;税收526. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所527. shield n. 防护物，盾 vt. 保护，防护528. vital a. 重要的;致命的，生命的529. vitally ad. 极度，非常;致命地530. urban a. 城市的531. urge vt. 鼓励，激励532. urgent a. 急迫的，紧急得533. usage n. 使用，用法534. violence n. 强力，暴力535. violent a. ****的536. violet a. 紫色的537. weed n. 杂草，野草538. welfare n. 福利539. whatsoever ad. (用于否定句)任何540. whereas conj. 然而，但是，尽管541. essential a. 必不可少的;本质的542. estimate n. /vt. 估计，估量543. evaluate vt. 评估，评价544. exceed vt. 超过，越出545. exceedingly ad. 非常，极其546. exclaim v. 呼喊，大声说547. exclude vt. 把. . . 排斥在外，不包括548. exclusive a. 读有的，排他的549. excursion n. 远足550. flash vi. 闪光，闪耀551. flee vi. 逃走552. flexible a. 易弯曲的553. flock n. 羊群，(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人554. hardware n. 五金器具555. harmony n. 和谐，融洽556. haste n. 急速，急忙557. hatred n. 憎恶，憎恨558. incident n. 事件，事变559. index n. 索引，标志560. infant n. 婴儿561. infect v. 传染562. inferior a. 劣等的，次的，下级的563. infinite a. 无限的564. ingredient n. 组成部分565. inhabitant n. 居民566. jail n. 监狱524. reveal vt. 揭露570. junior a. 年少的;资历较浅的571. laser n. 激光572. launch vt. 发动，发起573. luxury n. 奢侈; 奢侈品574. magnet n. 磁铁，磁体575. male a. 男性的，雄的576. female a. 女性的，雌的577. manual a. 用手的，手工做的 n. 手册578. manufacture vt. /n. 制造，加工579. marine a. 海的;海产的580. mutual a. 相互的581. naked a. 裸露的582. negative a. 否定的，消极的583. neglect vt. 忽视，忽略584. origin n. 起源，出身585. oval a. 椭圆形的 n. 椭圆形586. outset n. 开始，开端587. presumably ad. 大概，可能588. prevail vi. 流行，盛行589. quit v. 停止590. quotation n. 引文，引语591. recreation n. 娱乐活动592. recruit vt. 招募，吸收(新成员)593. rival n. 竞争对手，敌手594. shuttle n. 梭子; 航天飞机595. skim vt. 搬(去)，掠过;浏览596. sketch n. 草图;梗概597. slender a. 苗条的，修长的598. theme n. 主题599. textile n. 纺织品600. tropical a. 热情的，炎热的601. kneel vi. 跪602. label n. 标签603. merchant n. 商人604. mere a. 仅仅的，只不过的;纯粹的605. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西(或人)606. numerous a. 众多的，许多的607. parade n. 游行 v. 列队行进608. pants [pl. ] n. 长裤;内裤(整理：胥桂苓)609. partial a. 部分的610. passport n. 护照611. prescribe vt. 开药，吩咐采用. . . 疗法612. primitive a. 原始的，早期的567. jam n. 果酱;拥挤，堵塞568. jewel n. 宝石569. joint a. 连接的;共同的614. ridiculous a. 可笑的，荒漠的615. redid a. 严格的;僵硬的616. withstand vt. 经受，承受617. witness n. 目击者;证据 vt. 注意到;证明618. withdraw v. 收回，撤销619. slippery a. 滑的620. smash vt. 粉碎，打烂621. snap n. /vt. 折断，拉断;快照622. software n. 软件623. solar a. 太阳的624. lunar a. 月的，月球的625. submerge vi. 潜入水中626. submit vi. (to)屈服，听从627. timber n. 木材，原木628. tissue n. 组织;薄纱，手巾纸629. title n. 题目，标题630. tone n. 语气，音调631. drift vi. 漂，漂流632. drip n. 滴633. durable a. 耐用的，持久的634. duration n. 持续，持续期间635. dusk n. 黄昏，薄暮636. leather n. 皮革637. legislation n. 法律，法规;立法638. leisure n. 闲暇;悠闲639. loose a. 松的，宽松的640. loosen v. 解开，放松641. tannest a. 认真的，诚挚的642. earthquake n. 地震643. echo n. 回音，回声644. elaborate a. 精心设计的，复杂的645. elastic n. 橡皮圈(带) a. 有弹性的646. elbow n. 肘647. electron n. 电子648. volcano n. 火山649. volume n. 卷，册;体积，容量650. fatigue n. 疲劳，劳累651. faulty a. 有错误的，有缺点的652. favorable a. 称赞道;有利的，顺利的653. favorite a. 特别受喜欢的 n. 喜爱的人或物654. gallery n. 画廊613. ridge n. 脊，山脊，埂658. gaze v. 凝视，注视659. gear n. 齿轮，传动装置660. gene n. 基因661. lest conj. 唯恐，免得662. liable a. 可能的，大概的; (to) 易于. . .663. liberal a. 自由得664. liberty n. 自由665. license/license n. 许可证，执照666. moisture n. 潮湿667. motivate vt. 激励，激发668. motive n. 动机，目的669. generate vt. 生成，产生(光、热、电等)670. genius n. 天才，天赋671. genuine a. 真的，真诚的672. gasoline n. 汽油673. germ n. 微生物，细菌674. gesture n. 姿势，手势675. giant a. 巨大的 n. 巨人，巨物676. glimpse n. 一瞥，一看677. glory n. 光荣，荣誉678. glorious n. 光荣的，极好的679. golf n. 高尔夫球运动680. hydrogen n. 氢681. oxygen n. 氧682. hostile a. 敌对的，敌意大683. household n. 家庭，户684. hook n. 钩685. holy a. 神圣地，圣洁的686. hint n. 暗示，示意687. hesitate v. 犹豫688. highlight vt. 强调，突出689. hence ad. 因此，所以;今后，从此690. herd n. 兽群，牧群691. deliberately adv. 故意的692. attraction n. 吸引，吸引力693. destructive adj. 破坏性的694. starvation n. 饥饿，饿死695. exhaustion n. 竭力，疲惫696. strike n. 罢工 v. 打击，罢工697. strength n. 力量，力气698. await vt. 等候699. deportation n. 放逐700. closed 关门655. gallon n. 加仑656. gap n. 间隔，差距657. garbage n. 垃圾，废物谢谢观看! 欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考,如有雷同纯属意外。

2007年12月conservation（自然资源的）保护，管理；保存，保藏fraction一部分，小部分，一点，一些emission散发，发热；发出物，发射物unveil揭露，展示，使公诸于众scale1天平，秤盘2标度，刻度，标尺，3等级，级别eliminate排除，消灭，淘汰，略去，不考虑utility效用，功用；有用的东西；公用事业，公用事业设备subsidy补助金，补贴，津贴household appliance家用电器flexible可变通的，易适应的，灵活的；柔韧的，有弹性的self-denial自我否定exclude拒绝接纳，把~~排除在外，排斥，不包括evident明显的，明白的sympathy同情；赞同，支持；慰问sympathetic同情的，支持的，和谐的breadwinner养家活口的人，谋生的手艺或工具cope with对付，妥善处理occupation占领，占据；职业，工作；占用casual偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的，随便的acquaintance相识的人；对~~有了解，认识cater to提供伙食，迎合destin命定，注定，预定ultra过度的convince使相信emerge出现，显出，暴露vision视力，视觉；想象力，幻想，梦想extraordinary非同寻常的，特别的；特别安排的，临时的colony殖民地；侨民聚居地prejudice成见，偏见，歧视。

动词，使有偏见，不利于，损害organ器官；机构；新闻媒体anticipate先于~行动；预感，期望compose of由~~组成burden重负。

动词，加重负于conference会议；讨论商谈count on依赖，依靠；期望，指望complicate使复杂化self-esteem自尊心demonstrate举行游行示威；说明，演示；论证，证明enhance提高，增强，提高reckon猜想；考虑，认为；计算exaggerate夸大，夸张；扩大，增加intense强烈的，剧烈的；热情的，热切的；紧张的，认真的intensify使增强，使加剧submit提交，建议，主张；不及物，屈服，认输dismiss解雇，开除；排除，不再考虑quota定额，配额digit数字；手指，脚趾2007年6月fulfill履行，实现，完成（计划等）consultant顾问assess估计，估价；评定，核定commitment许诺，承诺；承担的义务；信奉，献身pursue追捕，追击；追求；从事，经营investigate调查，审查alternative形容词1两者择一的，供替代的，2不寻常的，非传统的，名词，1可供选择的事物，2选择的余地frustrate使受挫折，令人沮丧passion热情，激情；爱好，酷爱；狂怒odd古怪的vision视力，视觉；想象力，幻想in pursuit of追求，寻求assure使相信，确信；保险ultimately副词，最后，最终quest动词，名词：探求，探索，寻找generous慷慨的，大方的；善良的；大量的，丰富的comment名词，评论，意见，解释，批评。

建平中学高三下3月月考2020.3Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Cruz Genet, 11, and Anthony Skopick, 10, couldn’t agree. Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? There was only one way to find out.So on a chilly January evening last year, the two friends ventured（冒险）onto the frozen pond near their homes in Frankfort, Illinois, ___21___（get）a better look. First they cast a rock onto the ice to test it, then they stepped on it. ___22___（convince）the ice would hold their weight, Ant hony took a few steps, then… FOOMP. He crashed through the seemingly frozen surface. There was no sound, he just fell instantly.Cruz rushed to help his terrified friend. FOOMP—the pond swallowed him too. Cruz managed to lift ___23___ out of the frozen water and onto a more solid section. He then cautiously worked his way toward Anthony. But the ice ___24___（not hold），a nd he fell in again. This time, he couldn’t get out. The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling in their limbs. There was not much chance ___25___ they could free themselves from the trouble. Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthony’s older sister had seen the boys ___26___（fall）into the pond and started screaming for help. John Lavin, a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store, heard her. He quickly pulled over. Seeing the boys, he grabbed a nearby buoy（浮标），kicked off his shoes, and ran into the water, ___27___（chop）his way through the ice with free fist. Lavin made his way ___28___ Cruz and Anthony and pull them back to land. They were taken to the hospital, where doctors discovered that their five-minute stay in the water ___29___（lower）their body temperature nearly ten degrees.Fortunately, the boys have fully recovered, ___30___ they are still a little awestruck（惊叹的）by their fearless neighbor.“Just to think,”says Cruz,“I f he hadn’t been there, I would have died.”Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.American fashion from the ___31___ of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other active outfits suit casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and utility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion. Fashion in America was logical and ___32___ to the will of the women who wore it. American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even ___33___ specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as “modem art” would later be; it was ___34___ invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were targeted to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity（独创性）and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summerdresses and outfits, in particular, were ___35___ cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and ___36___, as the modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers ___37___ the freedom of women who wore the clothing.Many have argued that the women designers of that time ___38___ their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in designing clothes on the basis of utility. But could utility alone ___39___ the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion’s relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, ___40___ designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.Ⅲ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Face shape lets AI spot rare disordersPeople with genetic syndromes（综合症）sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis an be ___41___ given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors ___42___ the possibilities.Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the overall impression of faces and ___43___ a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They ___44___ the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to ___45___ potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also ___46___ the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations（变异）that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not ___47___, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are ___48___ and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about ___49___. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, ___50___ use such techniques to ___51___ against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. ___52___, Gurovich says the tool will only be ___53___ for use by clinicians.This technique could bring significant ___54___ for those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers. For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically. For others, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, ___55___, help find new treatments or cures.41. A. convincing B. tricky C. reliable D. feasible42. A. bring about B. result from C. narrow down D. rule out43. A. return B. input C. top D. feed44. A. based B. imposed C. focused D. trained45. A. identify B. distinguish C. shift D. cure46. A. tested B. demonstrated C. recognized D. acquired47. A. acceptable B. perfect C. reliable D. workable48. A. covered B. excluded C. highlighted D. supervised49. A. objectivity B. accuracy C. credibility D. privacy50. A. legally B. habitually C. efficiently D. secretly51. A. discriminate B. fight C. argue D. vote52. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However53. A. impossible B. available C. ready D. rare54. A. challenges B. benefits C. damages D. concerns55. A. by contrast B. in turn C. in addition D. on the contrarySection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The two roadsIt was New Year’s night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. When he cast them on the earth, where a few more hopeless people besides himself now moved towards their certain goal—the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and regret. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads—one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and resounding with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and where devils and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled.He looked towards the sky and cried painfully, "Oh youth, return! Oh my father, place me once more at the entrance to life, and I'll choose the better way!" But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away.He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappeared, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret, which was like a sharp arrow, struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood, who entered on life together with him. But they had made their way to success and were now honored and happy on this New Year's night.The clock in the high church tower struck and the sound made him remember his parents' early love for him. They had taught him and prayed to God for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards that heaven where his father lived. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with a despairing effort, he burst out a cry: "Come back, my early days! Come back!"And his youth did return, for all this was only a dream, which he had on New Year's Night. He was still young though his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the roadwhich leads to the peaceful and sunny land.Those who still linger on the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain. "O youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!"56. In the 3rd paragraph, the man cried painfully because ___.A. all the hopeless people were moving towards deathB. he had lost forever the chance to take the right roadC. His parents and the happy days of his youth were goneD. he refused to take the toad leading to a deep dark cave57. What happened to the man before his sudden realization?A. He was at his father’s fune ral farewell.B. He was enjoying the New Year’s eve.C. He was wandering at the entrance to life.D. He was having a dream of his life in old age.58. We can infer from the story that ___.A. the man’s childhood friends led a joyful life like himB. the man still had the opportunity to chose the right wayC. both the man’s parents passed away when he was youngD. the man’s father was quite strict with his son before death59. The passage is mainly written for ____.A. a new driver getting lost on a detourB. a concerned mother with two children to raiseC. an experienced teacher with a good reputationD. a hesitating young adult facing a tough life choice（B）“Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo”is a real sentence.How?Let’s break it down, starting with a simple phrase:Monkeys from Pisa bully deer from London.OK, admittedly it’s an implausible scenario, but it’s a grammatically fine sentence. In English we can use place names as adjectives, so let’s shorten the sentence a little.Pisa monkeys bully London deer.Now we’ll throw in some giraffes from Paris to even the score with those mean monkeys.Pisa monkeys, whom Paris giraffes intimidate, bully London deer.English is peculiar in that you can omit relative pronouns, e.g.,“the person whom I love”can be expressed as “the person I love.”L et’s do that to this sentence.Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes intimidate bully London deer.This kind of pronoun removal can be a little more difficult to grasp when written than when spoken. Saying the above sentences with pauses after monkeys and intimidate can help. Now we need to replace both of the verbs, intimidate and bully, with their（admittedly uncommon）synonym, buffalo.Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes buffalo buffalo London deer.A gain, pauses help keep the meaning in mind: Put a pause after monkeys and the first buffalo. Now we’ll replace all the worldwide place names with the second-largest city in New York State, Buffalo.（T hat’s Buffalo’s tallest building, One Seneca Tower, below.）Buffalo monkeys Buffalo giraffes buffalo buffalo Buffalo deer.You can probably guess what the next step is. But before we replace all the animals with the common name for the American bison, note how the capital letters in the above sentence help you keep the place names separate from the other usages of the word. OK, here goes:Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.One last thing to note: This exceptional sentence is possible because the plural of the animal buffalo is buffalo, not buffalos, otherwise all the words wouldn’t be identical.English is strange and wonderful!60. How should we read the following sentence with proper pauses?A. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo / buffalo buffalo / buffalo Buffalo buffalo.B. Buffalo buffalo / Buffalo buffalo buffalo / buffalo Buffalo buffalo.C. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo / buffalo buffalo buffalo / Buffalo buffalo.D. Buffalo buffalo / Buffalo buffalo / buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.61. What is the key element to make this sentence possible?A. The relative pronouns in English can be omitted.B. In English, place names can be used as adjectives.C. The city has the same name with a kind of American bison.D. The word buffalo has the same form of singular and plural.62. Where can you probably find this article?A. Wandering the EarthB. Linguistics Around UsC. Popular Animal ScienceD. Collins English Grammar（C）The idea that richer countries are happier may seem intuitively obvious. However, in 1974, research by economist Richard Easterlin found otherwise. He discovered that while individuals with higher incomes were more likely to be happy, this did not hold at a national level. In the United States, for example, average income per person rose steadily between 1946 and 1970, but reported happiness levels showed no positive long-term trend; in fact, they declined between 1060 and 1970. These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term“Easterlin paradox”: the idea that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in higher average long-term happiness.Having access to additional income seems to only provide a temporary surge in happiness. Since a certain minimum income is needed for basic necessities, it’s possible that the happiness boost from extra cash isn’t that great once you rise above the poverty line. This would explain Easterlin’s findings in the United States and other developed countries. He argued that life satisfaction does rise with average incomes—but only in the short term. Recent research has challenged the Eastern paradox, however. In 2013, sociologists Ruut Veenhoven and Floris Vergunst conducted a study using statistics from the World Database of Happiness. Their analysis revealed a positive correlation between economic growth and happiness. Another study by the University of Michigan found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ceases to contribute to your happiness:“If there is a satiation point, we are yet to reach it.”T he study’s findin gs suggested that every extra dollar you earn makes you happier. With so much debate about the relationship between money and happiness, it’s clear that happiness itself is a complex concept and depends on many factors.According to psychologists Selin Kesebir and Shigehiro Oishi, happiness also depends on how your income compares to the people around you. They argue that a country’s economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed. In emerging countries with high income inequality—where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer—average happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity. This suggests that governments should consider implementing policies to ensure more equal distribution of wealth. The happier people are, the more productive they are likely to become, thus leading to improved economic outcomes at the individual and national levels.There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness, with arguments both for and against the notion that richer countries are happier. However, it is clear that wealth alone isn’t enough to make us happy. The effect of income inequality on happiness shows that happiness is a societal responsibility. We need to remember the positive effects of generosity, altruism, and building social connections. Perhaps our focus should be less on how much money we have, and more on how we use it.63. According to the passage, Easterlin Paradox refers to ____.A. the fact that the more money, the happier people will feelB. the suggestion that money should be given the top priorityC. the question how economic outcomes are distributed nationwideD. the opinion that higher income doesn’t necessarily generate happiness64. The word“satiation”in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to“__”.A. satisfactionB. controversialC. centralD. sensitive65. What is the major reason for people’s unhappiness related to money?A. Money not enoughB. Money not fairly distributedC. Rich people richerD. Unequal money paid for equal work66. Which of the following might be best title of this passage?A. It’s all relativeB. Easterlin paradoxC. The economics of happinessD. Rising income, rising happinessSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceTrue intelligenceTaking charge of yourself involves putting to test some very popular myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. ___67___ It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is "intelligent. " Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. ___68___Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D.—Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent”do not have N. B. D. ’s because they are in charge of themselves. ___69___You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. ___70___ But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N. B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.Ⅳ. Summary writingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Blowing a Few TopsEver stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions? It’s not all death, destruction and hot liquidrock—scientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one such eruption.Solar geoengineering involves simulating a volcano by spraying aerosols（气溶胶）into the atmosphere. When they combine with oxygen, droplets of sulfuric acid（硫酸）form. These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth, cooling the planet. All good in theory, but the consequences are largely unknown and a few could be disastrous. In a study recently published in Nature Communications, researchers led by Anthony Jones, a climate scientist from the University of Exeter, found that using this technology in the Northern Hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical winds hitting the U.S. and Caribbean. But there’s an annoying exchang e: more winds in the Southern Hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa. That’s because the entire climate system is linked—disrupting one region will invariably affect another. How would a nation react if another was causing its weather to get much worse? Would that be an act of war?There is, however, a case for using solar geoengineering on a global scale. Jones says it could be used to“take the edge off”the temperature increases scientists are predicting. It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies.The study also highlights a far bigger problem with solar geoengineering: its complete lack of regulation.“T here’s nothing that could stop one country just doing it,”Jones says.“You only need about 100 aircraft with three flights per day. It would cost $1 billion to $10 billion per year.”He adds,“I t’s deeply disturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence on the climate, yet there’s just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it.”Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand, as well as far more that will need to be done before solar geoengineering is considered safe—or too dangerous to even discuss.V. TranslationsDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 建议老年人晚上不要喝浓茶，以免睡不着。

division n. 分隔，分离lecture v. 讲座looming adj. 潜在的，即将到来的visible adj. 看得见的positive forces 积极力量work against 对…起反作用，抵消optimistic adj. 乐观的narrow v. 变得狭窄commercialize v. 商业化in the interest of 为了…的利益universalize v. 普及access n. 接通网络after all 毕竟online adj. adv. 在网上potential customer 潜在顾客be left behind 落后，被抛在后面planet n. 行星（此处指地球）net v. 编织，联系widen v. 扩大，加宽combat v. 斗争poverty n. 贫困defeat v. 战胜，击败enormous adj. 巨大的potential n. 潜力impoverished adj. 陷入贫困的get over 克服outdated adj. 过时的anti- （词缀）反对colonial adj. 殖民地的prejudice n. 偏见with respect to 与…有关的investment (into something) 投资invasion n. 入侵sovereignty n. 主权infrastructure n. 基础设施foundation n. 基础capital n. 资金harbor n. 港口highway n. 城市间的高速公路port n. 港口invest v. 投资former colony 以前的殖民地（指美国）finance v. 资助immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民electronic adj. 电子的well off 小康，富裕fool v. 虚度光阴corporation n. 公司recognize v. 认识到telecom n. 电信take full advantage of 充分利用be responsible for 对…负责guard against 留意attach importance to (n.) 强调，重视foreign fund 外国资金wipe out 消除connect v. 连接justify v. 为…将道理，找理由overseas adj. 海外的be prejudiced against 歧视，对…怀有偏见adopt v. 采纳，接受pattern n. 形式Passage Threedistrust v. 不信任be deep into 埋头苦干，努力工作self-analysis n. 自我分析journalism n. 新闻报道credibility n. 可信度project n. 项目，工作计划turn out to be 结果是low-level adj. 低水平的factual error 错误的事实combine… with… 将两者结合起来head-scratching adj. 挠头的puzzlement n. 困惑，不明白的地方source n. 来源，根本go way deeper 有深层含义template n. 方式plug v. 提供消息conventional adj. 常规的，普通的story line 故事情节，报道方式backbone n. 支柱ready-made n. 半成品，容易的narrative structure 叙事结构otherwise adj. 不然就…confusing adj. 令人不解的disconnect n. 分离，隔断journalist n. 记者alien to something adj. 陌生，疏远survey n. 调查questionnaire n. 问卷metropolitan adj. 大城市的resident n. 居民at random 随意，随机的reply n. 回复be likely to 常常，很有可能upscale neighborhood 高档社区maid n. 女佣trade stocks 参与股票交易volunteer n. 志愿者put down one’s root 深入，与…联系紧密be broadly defined 定义更为广泛的elite n. 精英reflect v. 反映astonishing adj. 令人震惊的media n. 媒体root in 在于，起因于inaccuracy n. 不准确reportorial skills 报道技巧clash v. 碰撞world view 世界观explosive adj. 爆炸性的，严峻的declining adj. 处于衰退的attitude n. 观点，态度vastly adv. 非常annoy v. 令…不快sponsor v. 赞助symposium n. 研讨会be dedicated to (n.) 专门为了flee v. 逃跑get around 了解，查明notice v. 注意到bias n. 偏见former adj. 以前的diversity n. 多样化race n. 人种，种族gender n. 性别outlook n. 眼界origin n. 起源trustworthy adj. 可靠的contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的illuminating adj. 有启发作用的superficial adj. 表面world outlook 世界观owing to (n.) 因为，由于tendency n. 趋势hire v. 雇佣prejudice v. 歧视，怀有偏见Passage Fourgo through 经历wave n. 浪潮，潮流merger n. 合并acquisition n. 兼并witness v. 目睹process n. 过程sweep v. 席卷hyperactive adj. 非常活跃的emerge v. 出现unsurpassed might 无法比拟的巨大力量concentration n. 集中，集团化anti-competitive force 反竞争势力multinational corporation 跨国公司account for 占据figure n. 数字affiliate n. 附属或分支机构segment n. 部分foreign investment 外国投资reform n. 改革firm n. 公司phenomenon n. 现象serious concern 严重关注role n. 作用，地位ultimate adj. 最终的stability n. 稳定massive adj. 巨大的M & A 企业合并与兼并underlie v. 构成基础globalization n. 全球化transportation and communication 运输与通讯trade and investment barriers 贸易与投资壁垒 enlarge v. 扩大operation n. 操作be capable of (n.) 有能力从事meet one’s demand 满足…的需求beneficial adj. 有好处的detrimental adj. 有害的productivity n. 生产率current adj. 目前的，现在的scanty adj. 稀threat n. 威胁fear v. 害怕trust n. 托拉斯break something up 打破，分割telecom n. 电信reduction n. 削减pace n. 步伐，速度megamerger n. 大规模合并重组banking industry 银行业supervise v. 监督regulate v. 管理operate v. 操纵lender n. 债主the last resort 最后的手段gigantic adj. 巨大的shift v. 转换，转移get strict about 严格对…的制度infringement n. 侵权fair competition 公平竞争take up the role as 承担…的职责，角色defend v. 保卫issue n. 事务typical adj. 典型的trend n. 趋势foreign fund 外国资金driving force 动力surplus n. 赢余infer v. 推论出serve as 作用是threaten v. 威胁enormous adj. 巨大的attitude n. 观点，态度optimistic adj. 乐观的objective adj. 客观公正的pessimistic adj. 悲观的biased adj. 带有偏见的Passage Fivequit v. 放弃，离职it occurs to somebody that 想到，想起trend n. 流行趋势lateral move 工作中的平级调动pride n. 自豪，尊严block v. 封锁professional progress 事业进展prompt v. 催促abandon v. 放弃，抛弃high profile 良好形象career n. 事业（职业）in the manner of 以…的方式disgraced adj. 出现丑闻的government minister 政府部长cover v. 掩盖exit n. 离开curiously adv. 令人好奇地term n. 术语，称呼downshift n. v. 减少工作量excuse n. 借口absolute adj. 绝对的，确实的transform v. 转型passionate adj. 充满激情的advocate n. 倡导者philosophy n. 人生准则preach v. 倡导settle for 对… 感到满足 a bit of 一点点discover v. 发现much-publicized adj. 被媒体广泛报道的resignation n. 辞职editorship n. 编辑工作buildup n. 集合，集结stress n. 压力doctrine n. 教条，准则juggle one’s life 满负荷的生活工作alternative n. 另外的选择move n. 行动reward n. 好处financial adj. 金融，财政的social status 社会地位persuade v. 劝说pressured adj. 充满压力的deadline n. 最后期限fearful adj. 令人恐惧的strain n. 压力office policy 办公室的工作原则limitation n. 极限，限制materialistic adj. 物质的well-established adj. 得到广泛公认的voluntary adj. 自愿的ironically adv. 有讽刺意味地breed (bred) v. 培养，滋生anti-consumerism n. 抵制消费第一的观念simplify v. 简化，简约newsletter adj. 时事通讯tip n. 窍门recycle v. 再利用cling film 保鲜膜soap n. 肥皂achieve v. 完成，达到be equivalent to 和… 相同drop-out n. 失业，失学reaction n. 反应economic decline 经济衰退mass redundancy 大量过剩downsize v. 裁员，精简be linked to 与… 联系thrift n. 节俭acquaintance n. 熟悉seek v. 打算，寻求generation n. 一代urge v. 督促，鼓励mythical adj. 令人神往的organic vegetable 有机，无公害蔬菜risk doing something 冒…的风险recognition n. 认可compel v. 强迫circumstance n. 情况，形势mold v. 塑造be characterized by 特点是，以…为特点extreme adj. 极度的emerge as v. 以…面貌出现pace n. 步伐adventurous spirit n. 冒险精神2002年阅读理解试题Passage Oneintend to do v. 打算humor n. 幽默identify v. 找出，识别shared experience 共同的经历，经验relevant to adj. 和…有关audience n. 听众be in sympathy with 同感，同情point of view 观点address v. 和…说话，强调refer to 指的是disorganized adj. 杂乱无章的method n. 方法secretary n. 秘书alternatively adv. 相反comment on 评论，评价boss n. 老板convention n. 全体会议work well 很有作用heaven n. 天堂accommodation n. 吃住条件peaceful adj. 心境平和的rush v. 猛冲grab v. 抓，抢夺stomp v. 跺脚reply n. 答复，回答position n. 位置，形势appropriate adj. 适当的make a passing remark 短暂发言，说话inedible adj. 没法吃，难以下咽的canteen n. 食堂，饭厅notorious adj. 名声恶劣的taste n. 品位attempt to do 尝试，试图cut in 插嘴resent v. 讨厌disparaging adj. 轻视，鄙视的on safe ground 保险地stick to 坚持scapegoat n. 替罪羊awkward adj. 窘迫，不自然casual adj. 随意的，自然的apparently adv. 显然，明显地off-the-cuff adj. 即兴的，非正式的deliver v. 说话relaxed adj. 放松的unforced adj. 随意的in a… manner 以…方式raise eyebrow 表示不满或者惊奇light-hearted adj. 放松的，轻松的twist n. 歪曲，扭伤familiar adj. 熟悉的quote n. 引言exaggeration n. 夸张understatement n. 言外之意inject v. 注射，注入take advantage of 利用，欺负make fun of 取笑show sympathy for 同情imply v. 推论出，暗示conscious of adj. 意识到godlike role 上帝般的职责（救死扶伤）be entitled to something 有权利享受privilege n. 特权infer v. 推论出focus on 关注，集中于inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材laughing stock 笑柄desired result 希望达到的结果well worded adj. 措辞得当的strategy n. 策略Passage Twodawn n. 开始ingenuity n. 灵巧，智力devise v. 设计cunning adj. 狡猾的，灵巧的cope with 应付boring adj. 无聊的burdensome adj. 辛苦，劳累的plain adv. 纯粹，简直就是nasty adj. 难以处理的compulsion n. 动力，强迫robotics n. 机器人（的学问）confer v. 授予，给予capability n. 能力yet to 将要，还没有create v. 创造mechanical version 机械版本science fiction 科幻小说be populated with 充满intelligent adj. 智力的，智慧的gizmo n. 小发明presence n. 出现，存在barely adv. 几乎不universal adj. 普遍的existence n. 存在remove v. 除去human labor 体力劳动hum to the rhythm 发出有节奏的嗡鸣assembly n. 生产线automated teller terminal 自动提款机transaction n. 交易subway train 地铁tireless robo-driver 不知疲倦的机器人司机miniaturization n. 微缩electronics n. 电子技术micro-mechanics 微观力学perform surgery 进行外科手术sub-millimeter adj. 亚毫米的accuracy n. 精确precision n. 精确highly skilled 技术熟练的physician n. 内科医生stage n. 阶段laborsaving adj. 节约劳动力的utility n. 用处operate v. 运转supervision n. 监督goal n. 目标pose a challenge 提出挑战handle v. 处理error n. 错误common sense 常识reliably adj. 可靠地interact with 互动，相互作用dynamic adj. 动态的quest for something 探索artificial intelligence 人工智能a spell of 一段时间的initial adj. 开始，起初的optimism n. 乐观精神transistor n. 传感器circuit n. 电路microprocessor n. 微处理器copy v. 模仿，重复action n. 行为，活动extend v. 延伸，推广forecast n. 预报attempt to 尝试，试图model v. 建购roughly adv. 大约nerve cell 神经细胞talented adj. 有天赋，高智商的perception n. 观察complicated adj. 复杂的previously adv. 过去，从前imagine v. 想象recognize v. 认出panel n. 仪表板 a fraction of n. 微小的片段，部分glimpse n. 一瞥scene n. 场景immediately adv. 立刻disregard v. 忽略irrelevant adj. 无关的instantaneously adj. 瞬间的winding adj. 蜿蜒曲折的be suspicious of 表示怀疑crowd n. 拥挤的人群approach v. 达到neuro- （词缀）神经的demonstrate v. 显示manufacturing industry 制造业elite n. 精英tackle v. 处理，应付creature n. 生物beyond one’s ability 某人无法达到的能力fulfill v. 完成，实现delicate adj. 细致的verbally adv. 言语地，口头地respond v. 做出反应independently adv. 独立地besides prep. 除… 之外intervention n. 干涉，干扰cultivate v. 培养creativity n. 创造力internal adj. 内部的perceive v. 观察abnormality n. 反常情况Passage Threeeconomic decline 经济衰退supply-cut n. 减少供应crude oil 原油jump v. 迅速上升barrel n. （石油）桶triple v. 成三倍scary adj. 令人害怕的call up memory 引起人们的回忆quadruple v. 翻两番，四倍previous adj. 从前的，过去的shock n. 轰动，震惊double-digit adj. 两位数字inflation n. 通货膨胀global adj. 全球的headline n. 报纸头条warning n. 警报gloom n. 昏暗doom n. 末日suspend v. 暂停grip n. 抓，握northern hemisphere 北半球in a short term 短期内consequence n. 后果severe adj. 严重，艰难account for 占据petrol n. 汽油retail n. 零售muted adj. 无声无息的pump price （石油）零售价rich economies 富国be dependent on 依赖be sensitive to 容易受到影响swing n. v. 摇摆conservation n. 保护（自然资源）shift v. 转移fuel n. 燃料energy-intensive 能源密集型consumption n. 消费，消耗software n. 软件consultancy n. 咨询steel n. 钢材GDP 国内生产总值constant adj. 一致，不变的estimate v. 估计average v. 平均为emerge v. 出现squeeze v. 挤压lose sleep 担忧commodity n. 商品excess n. 超出的部分sizable portion 相当大的比例index n. 指数broadly adv. 广泛地infer v. 推断出dramatically adv. 大幅度地fluctuate v. 波动have significant impact on 产生巨大影响shrink v. 缩小optimistic adj. 乐观的gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的scared adj. 令人害怕的Passage Foursupreme court 最高法院physician-assisted suicide 安乐死implication n. 含义medicine n. 医疗界relieve somebody of 让…从… 中解脱rule v. 裁定constitutional right 宪法赋予的权力in effect 实际上medical principle 医疗原则moral principle 道德准则hold v. 认为intend to do 打算，意图foresee v. 预见actor n. 行动者justify v. 作为…的理由dose n. 剂量morphine adj. 吗啡terminally ill 临终的dosage n. 剂量eventually adv. 最终contend v. 争论shield v. 保护insist v. 坚持认为sufficient adj. 足够的medication n. 治疗hasten v. 加速chair v. 主持maintain v. 认为prescribe v. 开药方drug n. 药品legitimate adj. 合法的medical purpose 医疗目的illegal adj. 非法的surgery n. 外科手术homicide n. 杀人risk v. 冒…的风险physician n. 内科医生release v. 发行，颁布volume n. 册identify v. 确定undertreatment n. 治疗不充分aggressive n. 大胆的ineffectual adj. 无效的forced adj. 强制性的medical procedure 医疗程序prolong v. 延长dishonor v. 让…不够体面twin adj. 双重，同时存在的profession n. 职业人士take steps 采取措施require v. 要求management n. 处理therapy n. 治疗（方法）billing code 法案hospital based care 住院治疗assess v. 评估，估计play a key role 起到关键作用well-meaning adj. 出发点是好的medical initiative 医疗动机translate into 转化为unconcerned with 不关心predictably adv. 预先已经知道地extent n. 程度constitute v. 构成systematic adj. 有系统，有目的的patient abuse 虐待病人licensing board 执照办法机构presumptuously adv. 自以为是地incompetently adv. 不合格，不称职地suspension n. 暂停，吊销strongly oppose 强烈反对commit suicide 自杀guilty adj. 有罪的recovery n. 恢复，复原inadequate adj. 不够充分的bold adj. 大胆的desperate adj. 绝望的punish v. 惩罚2003年阅读理解试题Passage Onespymaster n. 超级间谍，间谍领袖lay the root for 为… 打下基础be fascinated with 对…着迷come to hand 方便的espionage n. 间谍活动spy v. 做间谍profession n. 职业pastime n. 业余消遣reshape v. 重塑vocation n. 职业revolution n. 变革electronic adj. 电子的give birth to 产生point-and-click 点击spook n. 密探intelligence n. 情报influential adj. 有影响力contest n. 竞赛compile v. 编撰，收集整理data n. 数据by a large margin 以很大优势tiny adj. 微小的advantage n. 优势mastery n. 精通，掌握firm n. 公司splash n. 溅起的水花，影响力private adj. 私营的analysis n. 分析based in 总部位于corporation n. 大公司prediction n. 预测available online 可以在网上得到mutually reinforce 相互加强，交相呼应collection n. 收集distribution n. 发放vacuum up 掏空，探询究竟far corners of the world 世界的另一端crisis n. 危机sign-up 网络用户former adj. 过去的risk n. 风险earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭rely on 依赖lean staff 数量有限的员工military intelligence background 军事间谍背景outsider status 旁观者的立场，地位key n. 关键brief n. 简短情况介绍back-and-forthing 信息交流agency n. 情报机构dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息on the chance that 以防，避免take pride in 对…感到自豪independent adj. 独立的emergence n. 出现net n. （互联）网络fan n. 支持者remold v. 重塑restore v. 恢复pastime n. 业余活动revive v. 使…得到重生episode n. 插曲honor v. 表彰unique adj. 独一无二的exert efforts 付出努力achieve success 取得成功enjoy popularity 得到流行，受到欢迎guarantee n. v. 担保be characterized by 特点是fairly reliable 相当可靠的official status 官方地位nonconformist image 不守成规者的形象efficient adj. 有效率的Passage Twoparaphrase v. 解释statesman n. 政治家triumph n. 胜利misguided cause 受到误导的事业seek to do 努力，设法biomedical research 生物医学研究rule out 取消，废除respond forcefully to 对…做出强有力的反应advocate n. 倡导者argument n. 观点confuse v. 迷惑the public 公众thereby adv. 因此threaten v. 威胁advance n. 进步，进展target v. 以… 为目标funding n. 资助process n. 过程allegation n. （没证据的）断言cruelty n. 残忍setting n. 环境，背景perplex v. 困扰deliberately adv. 故意地harm v. 伤害grandmotherly woman 上了年纪的妇女staff v. 做… 的工作人员booth n. 亭子，展位street fair 街头集会distribute v. 分发brochure n. 小册子fur n. 动物皮毛oppose v. 反对immunization n. 免疫vaccine n. 疫苗assure v. 确信reply v. 回答epidemics n. 流行病well-meaning adj. 好心的，出发点好的communicate v. 传达，表达compassionate adj. 有同情心的human term 普通人可以理解的说法molecular biology 分子生物学connection n. 联系hip replacement 换臀手术bypass operation 阑尾切除手术vaccination n. 接种疫苗pet’s shot 宠物注射unaware adj. 没有意识的treatment n. 治疗方式cruel adj. 残忍的adopt v. 采用，利用present v. 呈现，发表lest prep. 以免go unchallenged 无人质疑deceptive adj. 欺骗性的appearance n. 外表，外衣institution n. 机构open to tours 向游人开放laboratory n. 实验室humane adj. 人道的ultimate adj. 最终的stakeholder n. 负责人，说话算数的人patient n. 患者health research community 医疗。

生词表1.vital 至关重要的2. valid 有效3. initial初始4.radical 激进5.individual 个人的独特的6.exploit 功绩，功劳，勋绩；1.利用；利用…谋私利。

2.剥削。

3.开发，开拓。

7.insight n.洞察力，见识，深刻的了解8. insist vi.坚持，坚决主张 vt.坚持，坚决要求10.inspire vt.使生灵感；鼓舞12.installation n.安装，安置；装置，设备，设施14.instant a.立即的；刻不容缓的 n.瞬间，倾刻15.instinct .天性，本能，直觉《暮光之城》学习的单词词组1.venom毒液2.spread蔓延,伸展的3.vision幻想4.base on 基于5.dream about 梦见6.monster 怪物7.bleeding 出血8.mouth河口9.pill炮弹,药丸10.surrender投降屈服,放弃11.give in 屈服12.ground使接触地面13.lightning闪电般的14.strike罢工,敲打15.rite of passage为人生进入一个阶段而举行的仪式16.plastic塑料的17.cop警察,抓住18.fair展览会集市;公平的，美丽的，白皙的，清楚的19.flightless不能飞的20.weep哭泣21.can罐头22.crash未经许可进入；碰撞，坠落23.buck钱24.get mad 发脾气25.quote引用26.pay up付清钱27.text发短信28.take care of处理29.run off 逃跑30.alive活着的，活泼的，有生机的31.apart分离的32.asleep熟睡的33.convince说服，使确信的34.trip跌倒，绊倒35.flight楼梯阶段36.stair楼梯37.go through通过38.belt腰带39.tie打结系40.suck吸41.will意志42.peaceful安静的43.floorboard地板44.femoral artery股动脉45.femoral大腿的46.artery动脉47.make a choice选择48.sever vt.割断49.rage愤怒50.make for有助于51.feeble虚弱的52.visually生动的形象的53.dynamic有活力的 ,动态的deny [di'nai]54. vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求55. vi. 否认；拒绝56.57.stage舞台58.fragile脆弱的59.avenge报仇60.marital婚姻的63 bond关系；财政文件；财政文件；正式的法律承诺；表面之间；束缚自由的事物；钱的数额61.matrimony婚姻62.irrational没有理智的，不合理的63.mutual相互的，共同的64.holy虔诚的，献身宗教的，圣洁的65.alert使警惕的66.turn out表示67.fall out散伙68.release v.公开发表，发布，释放69.primarily主要的，首先，70.sufficient充分的，足够的71.indicate表明写明，指出，象征72.hazard 危险，冒险73.curb抑制，约束，控制英语单词8单元74.poll民意测验75.resident居住的；居民inhabitant；citizenpute计算77.consumeristic消费主义的78.accordingly因此；相应的79.accounting会计；会计学80.humanity人文学科；人类；仁爱humanitarian人道主义者81.enrollment登记人数，注册fire ['faiə]82. n. 火；火灾；炮火；炉火；热情；激情；磨难83. vt. 点燃；解雇；开除；使发光；烧制；激动；放枪84. vi. 着火；射击；开枪；激动；烧火85.enroll登记，注册86.elementary初级的；小学的；基本的基础的87.secondary中等的；次要的88.specialization专门研究；专修89.maturity成熟90.corporation公司91.agency机构；代理机构92.institution机构93.revelation泄露，揭露94.preferable更好的；更合适的95.incredible难以置信的96.artistic艺术的97.diverse不同的；多样的98.wisdom智慧；睿智99.accumulate积累100.p uzzle使迷惑；使费解101.d istinguish区别，辨别102.b e wasted on sb. 被浪费在某人身上103.i f only要是···就好了；但愿104.a t a low处于低水平105.b e meant to do sth.应该做···106.r ead of读到；从···得知107.o nly to不料；结果却108.in the long run从长远看109.s end in派人去生词1.suspend v.中止，暂停；悬，挂2.suspect v。

(kunming Health Professional College)教案任课教师：谭婧媛教研室：公共基础教研室学科：医护英语时间：2014.9.25教务处制二0一四年九月授课时间第 9 周授课班级中专2014级所有班级章节名称Unit 4 Vital Signs 参考书目医护英语教师用书教学目标1.了解生命体征包含的内容2.读懂有关生命体征观测的两篇短文3.了解生命体征的正常值范围4.掌握本单元所学的重点词汇、短语和句型5.能够完成所有课后练习教学重点1.What do vital signs include ?2.How many ways are there to take temperature ?3.What is the pulse rate for an average adult ? How about an older adult ?教学难点运用所学句型进行关于生命体征的对话练习掌握本单元有关生命体征的医学词汇及短语教学方法Task-based languageteachingCommunicativeApproach教具Blackboardcomputer课时安排 4教学过程与内容Teaching proceduresLearning new word教学内容：Step One :Lead in1.General introduction about the aim of the unit and this two periods Step Two :Presentation1.What do vital signs include ?TemperaturePulseRespirationBlood pressure2.How many ways are there to take temperature ?By rectumBy mouthIn the axilla3.What is the pulse rate for an average adult ? How about an older adult ? The pulse rate for an average adult is 72—80/ min. and 60---70/ min. for an older adult.Step Three :Passage reading: Vital Signs教学过程与内容1.words revision2.ppt watching3.explaination in detail(1-2paras)Step Four：Additional materials on this topicHomework :Finish all the exercises on the workbook;Be well prepared for the new lesson.语言运用要求1.用所学的语言围绕vital signs 这一主题开展听、说、读、写活动2.朗读课文并完成有关练习重点单词reflect status determine response threatening crucial interpret语言点as well as response variations from课文理解1.Many factors such as sleep, eating, weather, noise, exercise, medications, fear, anxiety, and illness, may cause vital signs to change, sometimes beyond the normal range（许多因素会造成生命体征发生变化，如睡眠、饮食、天气、噪音、运动、药物、恐惧、焦虑和疾病。

中国科学院3月博士硕士入学考试试题PARTⅡVOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or word below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machinescoring Answer Sheet.21. A knowledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equipsB. providesC.offersD. satisfies22. In assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce it was the distortion of family relationships not the of the bond with the parent in divorce that was vital.A. dispositionB. distinctionC.distributionD. disruption23. Finally, let's a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our society ascribes to them.A. stick toB. turn toC.lead toD. take to24. Smuggling is a____________activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore, it must be banned.A. pertinentB. fruitfulC.detrimentalD. casual25. The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under____________of law.A. guidelineB. definitionC.constraintD. idetity26. The food was divided____________according to the age and size of the child.A. equallyB. individuallyC.sufficientlyD. proportionally27. Horseback riding____________both the skill of handing a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.A. embracesB. encouragesC.exaggeratesD. elaborate28. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,____________their cleanness, toughness, and low cost.A. by virtue ofB. in addition toC.for the sake ofD. as opposed to29. He cannot____________the fact that he was late again for the conference at the university yesterday.A. contribute toB. account forC.identify withD. leave out30. Please do not be____________by his had manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.A. disgustedB. embarrassedC.irritatedD. shocked31. For nearly 50 years, Spock has been a____________author writing 13 books including an autobiography and numerous magazine articles.A. prevalentB. stand up toC.prospectiveD. prolific32. Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not____________the test of international competition.A. keep up withB. stand up toply withD. attend to33. The business was forced to close down for a period but was____________revived.A. successivelyB. subsequentlyC.predominantlyD. preliminarily34. The book might well have____________had it been less expensive.A. worked outB. gone throughC.caught onD. fitted in35. We had been taken over by another firm, and a management____________was under way.A. cleanupB. setupC.breakoutD. takeout36. The poor quality of the film ruined the____________perfect product.A. ratherB. muchC.otherwiseD. particularly37. I'll have to____________this dress a bit before the wedding next week.A. let offB. let goC.let looseD. let out38. They reached a(n)____________to keep their dispute out of the mass madia.A. understandingB. acknowledgementC.limitationsD. misgivings39. After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have____________about our map.A. troublesB. fearsC.limitationsD. misgivings40. If you don't want to talk to him, I'll speak to him____________.A. on your accountB. on your behalfC.for your partD. in your interestPAET ⅢCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Direction: There are 15 blanks in this part of the test, read the passage through, Then, go back and choose the suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the world or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process.Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are__ 41__things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value.Almost all fashionable clothes are__ 42__symbolic, so is food. We__ 43__our furniture to serve __ 44__visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses__ 45__the basis of a feeling that it“looks well”to have a “good address.”We trade perfectly good cars in f or__ 46__models not always to get better transportation, but to give__ 47__to the community that we can __ 48__it.Such complicated and apparently__ 49__behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why cna't human beings__ 50__simply and natur ally.” Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative__ 51__of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no__ 52__for wanting to__ 53__to a cat and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process__ 54__instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its__ 55__.41. A. many B. some C. few D. enough42. A. highly B. nearly C. merely D. likely43. A. makd B. get C. possess D. select44. A. of B. for C. as D. with45. A. on B. to C. at D. for46. A. earlier B. later C. former D. latter47. A. suggestion B. surprise C. explanation D. evidence48. A. use B. afford C. ride D. find49. A. useless B. impossible C. inappropriate D. unnecessary50. A. live B. work C. stay D. behave51. A. passivity B. activity C. simplicity D. complexity52. A. meaning B. reason C. time D. doubt53. A. lead B. devote C. proceed D. return54. A. so that B. in that C. considering that D. by reason that55. A. teachers B. students C. masters D. servantsPART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: You will read five passage in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some question or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage1The Solar Decathlon is under way, and trams of students from 14 colleges and universities are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declare one the winner. Unfortunately, for the participants, it rained on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solar energy than was originally planned.Although the Solar Decathlon's purpose is to advertise the benefits of electricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the had weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed D O E's“Solar Village on the National Mall” has receivedvery little of what it needs to run.Since solar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide reliable electricity. For this reason, the fossil fuel savings and environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponents suggest.Washington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment proveds only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost. In fact, a $ 5,000 rooftop photovoltaic system typically generates no more than $ 100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of return comparable to a passbook savings account.Nor do the costs end when the system is installed. Like anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to wear and storm damage, and may need ongoing maintenance and repairs. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form of reduced utility bills.Solar energy has always has its share of true believers willing to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the govenment officials and solar equipment manufactures involved in the Solar Decathlon and similarly one-sided promotions. By failing to be objective, the pro-solar crowd does consumers a real disservice.56. The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a____________.A. technologyB. contestC. strategyD. machine57. What does the author say about the weather?A. It is rare for Washington, D. C. to have such long rainy days.B. It has been raining since Sept 26th for the most of the time.C. It is favorable to the manufacturers to promote solar equipment.D. It has helped see the disadvantages of solar energy.58. What has happened to D O E's“Solar Village on the National Mall”?A. It has revealed a mechanical problem.B. It lacks the energy for operation.C. It needs substantial financial support.D. It has drawn criticism from the government.59. The environmental benefits of solar power are small because____________.A. solar power plants can hardly avoid polluting their surroundingsB. most people prefer the relatively simple use of fossil fuelC. the uses of solar enery still cannot go without fossil fuelD. only several communities entirely consist of solar energy homes60. It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account”____________.A. brings little interestB. brings much interestC. is a deposit of at least $ 100D. is a deposit of at least $ 500061. It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government____________.A. admits its limitation of being expensiveB. rarely mentions its cost to homeownersC. stands on the side of the majority of consumersD. remains more objective than the solar equipment manufacturersPassage2Every year, the American Lung Association (ALA) releases its annual report card on smog, and every year it gives an“F” to over helf the nation's counties and cities. When ALA's “State of the Air ” recently came out, dozens of credulous local journalists once again took the bait, ominously reporting that their corner of the nation received a failing grade. The national coverage was no better, repeating as fact ALA's statement that it is “gravely concerned” about air quality, and neglect ing to solicit the views of even one scientist with a differing view. Toobad, because this report card says a lot less about actual air quality than it does about the tactics and motives of the ALA.The very fact that 60 percent of counties were giver an “F” seems to be alarmist. This is particularly true given that smog levels have been trending downward for several decades. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statistics, ozone, the primary constituent of smog, progress will likely continue, even without the wave of new regulations ALA is now demanding.ALA is correct that some areas still occasionally exceed the federal standard for ozone, but such spiles are far less frequent than in the past. Even Los Angeles, the undisputed smon capital of America, has cleaned up its act considerably. Los Angeler,which exceeded federal smog standards for 154 days in 1989, has had 75percent fewer such spikes in recent years. But an ALA-assigned“F”misleadingly implies that air quality has not improved at all.Most of the nation is currently in attainment with the current smog standard, and much of the rest is getting close, Nonetheless, ALA chose to assign an “ F”to entire county based on just a few readings above a strict new EPA standard enacted in 1997 but not yet in force. In effect, ALA demanded a standard even more stringent than the federal government's, which allows some leeway for a few anomalously high reading in otherwise clean areas. ALA further exaggerated the public-health hazard by grossly overstating the risks of these relatively minor and sporadic increases above the standard.62.The media's response to ALA's “State of the Air ”can best be described as____________.A. trustingB. suspiciousC. criticalD. hesitant63. By citing figures from the EPA, the auther seem to contend that____________ .A. the regulations about smog have proved effectiveB. new regulations are necessary to deal with smogC. smog problems have actually become less seriousD. the federal smog standard has been rather low64. In Paragraph 3, the word “spikes”(in boldface) probably refers to____________.A. the increase above the smog standardB. the irregular readings about air quality in some areasC. the occurrences of smog in Los AngelesD. the current standards demanded by ALA65. The author draws on Los Angeles to prove that the ALA____________.A. is right to assign an “F”to that areaB. often bases its report on the past eventsC. has a good reason to stress smog risksD. has overstated smog problems66. The author agrees with the ALA that____________.A. present smog standards should be made stricterB. the standard established by the EPA is effectiveC. some areas fail to meet the federal standard at timesD. poor air quality is a major problem nationwide67. One of the problems with the ALA seems to be____________.A. its lack of opinions from expertsB. its focus on some irregular casesC. its attempt to make up the dateD. its inconsistent smog standardsPassage3It wa s (and is )common to think that other animals are ruled by“instinct”whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,”and that this is why we are so much more flexibly interlligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well-because they processinformation so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take“normal” behavior for granted. We do not realize that “normal”behavior needs to be explained at all. This“instinct blindness”makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the “natural seen strange.”“It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of any instinctive human act.”In our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural—it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons. Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are di sappointed unless they find a phenomenon “that would surprise their grandmothers,” and cognitie psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problem we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But natural competences—our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others—are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists—we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind.68. William James believed that man is mor flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more____________.A. adaptiveB. reasonableC. instinctiveD. sophisticated69. What do we usually think of our normal behavior?A. It is controlled by powerful thoughts.B. It is beyond the study of psychology.C. It doesn't need to be explained.D. It doesn't seem to be natural sometimes.70. According to the author, which of the following is most likely studied nowadays by psychologists?A. Why do we smile when pleased?B. Why do we love our children?C. How do we appreciates beautiful?D. How do we reason and process information?71. The author thinks that psychology is to____________.A. take the normal behavior for grantedB. make the natural seem strangeC. study abnormal competencesD. make easy things difficult72. The author stresses that our natural abilities are____________.A. not replaced by resoningB. the same as other animals'sC. not as complex as we thinkD. worth studyingPassage4In her 26 years of teaching English, Shannon McCuire has seen countless misplaced commas, misspelled words and sentence fragments.But the instructor at US's Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge said her job is getting harder every day.“I kid you not, the number of errors that I've seen in the past few years have multiplied five times,”she said.Experts say e-mail and instant messaging are at least partly to blame for an increasing indifference toward the rules of grammar, spelling and sentence structure.They say the problem is most noticeable in college students and recently graduates.“They used to at least feel guilty (about mistakes),”said Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D. C.“They didn't necessarily write a little better, but at least they felt guilty.”Ironically, Baron's latest book,“Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It's Heading,”became a vic tim of sloppy proofreading. The book's title is capitalized differently on the cover, spine and title page.“People used to lose their jobs over this,”she said. “And now they just say ‘whatever.’”“Whatever”describes Jeanette Henderson's attitude toward wr iting. The sophomore at the University of Louisiana at Monroe admits that her reliance on spellcheck has hurt her grades in English class. “Computer has spoiled us,”she said.But the family and consumer sciences major believes her future bosses won't mind the mistakes as much as her professor does. “They're not going to check semicolons, commas and stuff like that,” Hen derson said.LSU's McGuire said she teaches her students to use disftinct writing styles that fit their purpose.She emphasizes that there's the mformal language of an e-mail to a friend, but there's also the well thoght out and structured academic or professional style of writing.It's not just e-mail and instant messaging that are contributing to slack writing habits.Society as whole is becoming more informal. Casual wear at work used to be reserved for Friday, for example, but is now commonplace at most offices. There's also a greater emphasis on youth culture, and youth tend to use instant messaging more than adulte do.English language has been neglected at different points in history but always rebounds. During Shakespearen times, for example, spelling wasn't considered important, and early publishers rarely proofread.There will likely be a social force that recognizes the need for clear writing and swings the pendulum back.73. According to Shannon McGuire, what is making her job harder than before?A. More and more students ask her to teach how to write instant messages.B. More and more structural errors are seen in her student's writings.C. Students are becoming increasingly indifferent to learning English.D. Parents are more demanding as to the teaching content of the school.74. We can infer from the passage that college students____________.A. are the victims of the deteriorating educationB. mostly have very had handwritingC. don't think they're writing bad EnglishD. are ashamed of their poor writing skills75. What happened to Baron's latest book?A. It was poorly edited.B. It failed to come out.C. It w as renamed“Whatever”.D. It caused her to lose her job.76. What does Jeanette Henderson mainly study at the university?A. Computer ScienceB. LinguisticsC. Editing and PublishingD. Family and Consumer Sciences77. According to the passage, sloppy writing____________.A. parallels a social tendency of being informalB. worries students as well as professorsC. is taken as trivial by employersD. is ignored in all business concerned sciences78.The word“distinct”（in boldface）in the context means____________.A. clearB. differentC. elegantD. appropriate79. Which is NOT mentioned as a cause of American students' casual writing?A. EmailingB. Slack teachingC. ElegantD. Appropriate80. How does the author feel about the future of the English language?A. ConfidentB. GloomyC. WorriedD. UncertainPassage5Darkness approached and a cold, angry wind gnawed at the tent like a mad dog. Camped above treeline in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming, the torrents of air were not unexpected and only a minor disturbance compared to the bestial gnawing going on behind my belly button. In an attempt to limit exposure of my bare bottom to the ice-toothed storm, I had pre-dug a half dozen catholes within dashing distance. Over and over, through the long night, the same scenario was repeated: out of the bay, out of the tent, rush squat, rush back.“Everyone can master a grief,”wrote Shakespeare,“but he that has it.”Diarrhea, the modern word, resembles the old Greek expression for“a flowing through.”Ancient Egyptian doctors left descriptions of the suffering of Pharaohs scratched on papyrus even before Hippocrates, the old Greek, gave it a name few people can spell correctly. An equal opportunity affliction, diarrhea has laid low kings and common men, women, and children for at least as long as historians have recorded such fascinating trivia. It wiped out, almost, more soldiers in America's Civil War that guns and sword. In the developing world today, acute diarrhea strikes more than one billion humans every year, and leaves more than five million dead, usually the very young. Diarrhea remains one of the two most common nedical complaints of humanity.“Frequent passage of unformed watery bowel movements,”as described by Taver's Cyclopedic Med ical Dictionary, diarrhea falls into two broad types:invasive and non-invasive. From bacterial sources, invasive diarrhea, sometimes called“dysentery,”attacks the lower intestinal wall causing inflammation, abscesses, and ulcers that may lead to mucus and blood(often“black blood”from the action of digestive juices) in the stools, high fever,“stomach”crams from the depths of hell, and significant amounts of body fluid rushing from the patient's nether region. Serious debilitation, even death, can occur from the resulting dehydration and from the spread of the bacteria to other parts of the body. Non-invasive diarrheas grow from colonies of microscpic evil-doers that set up housekeeping on, but do not invade, intestinal walls. Toxins released by the colonies cause cramps, nausea, vomiting, and massive gushes of fluid from the patient's lower intestinal tract. Non-invasive diarrhea carries a highrisk for dehydration.81.In Paragraph 1, the author uses the quoted word“grief”from Shakespeare to refer to____________.A. the terrible weatherB. the stern army lifeC. the suffering from diarrheaD. the tough wartime82. According to the description in Paragraph 1, which of the following did the author NOT do at that time?A. withstanding the coldnessB. Camping in the mountainsC. Getting up repeatedly at nightD. Reading Shakespeare in bed83. Who first gave the disease the name“diarrhea”?A. Ancient EgyptiansB. An old GreekC. American soldiersD. The passage doesn't tell84. According to Paragraph 2____________.A. People of higher status are less likely to be stricken with diarrheaB. diarrhea is no longer a serious disease in the modern worldC. diarrhea has been a threat to humanity throughout historyD. the elderly are more likely attacked by diarrhea than the young85. The invasive diarrhea and the non-invasive diarrhea are different in that____________.A. the former attacks the intestine walls but the latter does notB. the former causes dehydration but the latter does notC. the former makes the patient physically weaker than the latterD. the former is more dangerous than the latterPART ⅤTRANSLATION (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge. 1I have met such persons, and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce, but whose points of vies were appalling. Such persons have erudition (the quality of being knowledgeable), but no discernment; or taste, Erudition is a mere matter of stuffing fact or information, while taste or discernment is a matter of artistic judgment. 2.In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between a man's scholarship, conduct, and taste or discernment. This is particularly so with regard to historians; a book of history may be written with the most thorough scholarship, yet be totally lacking in insight or discernment, and in the judgment or interpretaion of persons and events in history, the author may show no originality or depth of understanding. Such a person, we say, has no taste in knowledge. To be well-informed, or to accumulate facts an details, is the easiest of all things. 3.There are many facts in a given historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind, but discernment in the selection of significant facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one's point of view.An educated man, therefor, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. 4. Now to have taste or discernment requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, an independence of judgment, and an unwillingness to be knocked down by any form fo fraud, social, political, literary, artistic, or academic.There is no doubt that we are surrounded in our adult life with a wealth of fraude: fame frauds, wealth frauds, patriotic frauds, political frauds, religious frauds and fraud poets, fraud artists, fraud dictators and frauds psychologists. When a psychoanalyst tells us that the performing of the functions of the bowels during childhood has a definite connection or that constipation leads to stinginess of character, all that a。

平顶山“PEP”2024年小学三年级下册英语第三单元测验卷(有答案)考试时间：90分钟（总分:110）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：The periodic table lists all known _______. (元素)2、听力题：The concept of ecological balance highlights the importance of maintaining ______ in nature.3、听力题：He is very ___. (happy)4、听力题：I like to swim in the ________.5、听录音排序。

6、听力题：The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be _____ in a chemical reaction.7、What sound does a cow make?A. MeowB. BarkC. MooD. Roar答案: C8、What is the primary color of the sky?A. GreenB. BlueC. YellowD. Red9、听力题：The children are _____ in the classroom. (talking)10、填空题：The horse gallops across the ______ (田野). It looks very ______ (自由).11、填空题：I like to play ________ (排球) during PE class.12、听力题：The _____ (moon/sun) is bright.13、听力题：His favorite book is about a ________.14、What do we call the process of natural selection?A. EvolutionB. AdaptationC. MutationD. Speciation答案:A15、填空题：The raccoon washes its food in _________. (水)16、听力题：The Cold War involved a space race between the USA and the ________ Union.17、What is the capital of Italy?A. RomeB. VeniceC. MilanD. Florence答案: A18、听力题：It is _____ (sunny) today.In physical education class, we do ______ (锻炼) to stay fit. Exercise is important for a healthy ______ (生活).20、听力题：The chemical symbol for platinum is ______.21、听力题：The chemical symbol for nickel is ______.22、填空题：I saw a ________ in the garden today.23、填空题：My dog enjoys _______ (散步) with me.24、sustainable practices) guide responsible behaviors. 填空题：The ____25、听力题：The butterfly is _______ (fluttering) around.26、填空题：I like to take photos of ________ (风景) when I travel to capture beautiful memories.27、听力题：The __________ is home to many unique species of animals.28、听力题：I want to go ___ the zoo. (to)29、听力题：The chemical formula for rhenium dioxide is _____.30、听力题：The tree has _____ (leaves/branches).31、填空题：The ______ (小鸟) builds its home carefully.32、填空题：The _____ (种植者) gives us tips on how to grow vegetables.33、听力题：The baby is ______ (sleeping) in the crib.I enjoy ______ new things. (learning)35、What is the main language spoken in the UK?A. FrenchB. SpanishC. EnglishD. German36、听力题：The chemical formula for sodium dichromate is _____.37、What is the capital of Switzerland?A. ZurichB. GenevaC. BernD. Basel答案:C38、What is the opposite of light?A. HeavyB. DarkC. BrightD. Clear答案:B39、填空题：The __________ (历史的反思能力) enriches our understanding.40、What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. GeologistD. Biologist答案: A41、填空题：The invention of the bicycle changed personal _____.42、填空题：I saw a ________ at the zoo yesterday.43、What is the term for a baby iguana?a. Hatchlingb. Kitc. Pupd. Chick答案:a44、填空题：I can race my ________ (玩具) down a ramp.45、What is the largest mammal in the world?A. ElephantB. Blue whaleC. GiraffeD. Hippopotamus答案:B46、Which fruit is red and often used in pies?A. BananaB. CherryC. OrangeD. Grapes答案:B47、填空题：I watched a _______ (小鸟) build its nest.48、What do we call the central part of an atom?A. ElectronB. ProtonC. NucleusD. Neutron答案:C49、What is the name of the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Hercule PoirotB. Sam SpadeC. Sherlock HolmesD. Philip Marlowe答案: C50、What do you call a large bird that cannot fly?A. PenguinB. SparrowC. EagleD. Falcon答案:A51、听力题：A tornado is a fast-moving ______.52、听力题：I wear _____ (帽子) in winter.53、听力题：Bases feel ______ and can be slippery.54、Which of these is a common dairy product?A. BreadB. CheeseC. PastaD. Rice答案:B55、填空题：The __________ (历史的交互影响) shape our experiences.56、填空题：A rabbit's nose is very ______ (敏感).57、听力题：A _______ is a reaction that involves the breaking of chemical bonds.58、What do we call the process of converting a solid into a liquid?A. EvaporationB. MeltingC. FreezingD. Condensation答案:B59、What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Firework"?A. Katy PerryB. Taylor SwiftC. Ariana GrandeD. Demi Lovato答案：A60、选择题：What do we call a food that is cooked over an open flame?A. BoiledB. GrilledC. BakedD. Fried61、What is the name of the famous mouse character?A. Donald DuckB. Mickey MouseC. GoofyD. Pluto答案:B62、What do we call the imaginary line dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of Capricorn63、What do we call the process of turning a gas into a liquid?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. FreezingD. Sublimation答案:B64、听力题：A __________ is a mixture of two or more metals.65、听力题：The ice cream is ___ (cold/hot).66、填空题：A _______ (小螃蟹) scuttles along the beach.67、What is the largest organ inside the human body?A. HeartB. LiverC. BrainD. Skin答案:B. Liver68、填空题：The __________ (历史的复杂性) makes it a fascinating subject to study.69、What is the name of the famous ancient city in Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. CorinthD. DelphiThe __________ (历史的见证者) recount significant moments.71、填空题：A skunk sprays a strong ______ (气味) when threatened.72、填空题：My uncle loves to __________. (钓鱼)73、填空题：_____ (herb) are often used in cooking.74、What is the name of the famous American landmark located in South Dakota?A. Mount RushmoreB. Statue of LibertyC. Golden Gate BridgeD. Grand Canyon答案：A75、听力题：The ice cream is ______ (yum) and creamy.76、填空题：A _____ (植物访谈) can share knowledge among communities.77、What do you call a young female bird?A. ChickB. HenC. DoveD. Sparrow78、听力题：The _______ can be a symbol of peace.79、填空题：A _______ (鸭子) loves to swim.80、填空题：I like to pretend I'm a chef with my kitchen ________ (玩具名称).81、填空题：________ (植物保护工作) involves many strategies.82、填空题：My ________ (玩具) has a beautiful design.We can _____ (cultivate) a variety of plants.84、听力题：The main role of DNA is to store _____ information.85、s are popular for their ______ (耐旱) qualities. 填空题：Sugar di86、听力题：The chemical formula for iron(III) oxide is __________.87、听力题：Some plants can _______ in different climates.88、选择题：What do you call a story that teaches a lesson?A. NovelB. FableC. BiographyD. Myth89、听力题：I drink _____ (water/coffee) with lunch.90、听力题：The Earth's atmosphere is vital for protecting ______ life.91、What is the shape of a basketball?A. SquareB. RectangleC. OvalD. Circle答案：D92、选择题：What is the opposite of big?A. SmallB. HugeC. TallD. Wide93、What do we call the first month of the year?A. DecemberB. JanuaryC. FebruaryD. March答案:B94、选择题：Which animal is known as "man's best friend"?A. CatB. DogC. RabbitD. Hamster95、听力题：In a chemical reaction, substances change into new __________.96、What do we call the study of the Earth’s features?A. GeographyB. HistoryC. SociologyD. Biology97、听力题：Objects in motion tend to stay in _______.98、填空题：The kangaroo hops to _______ (寻找) food.99、What do you call a person who studies fish?A. IchthyologistB. BiologistC. ZoologistD. Marine biologist100、填空题：A whale is a __________ (大型) marine animal.。