高考英语语法：名词性that从句
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⾼考英语语法：名词性that从句难点
名词性从句，指的是在句法上所起的作⽤与名词所起的作⽤相同的那些从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同
位语从句。能引导名词性从句的引导词很多，但⽤得最多，且能同时引导这四类名词性从句的⾸选that从句。同学们在使⽤名
词性that从句时，应特别注意以下⼏点：
⼀、名词性that从句的功能特点
that只起连接主句和从句的作⽤，在从句中不担任任何成分，本⾝也没有词义。名词性that从句在句中能充当主语、宾
语、表语、同位语等。如：
That he will come is certain. 他将来，这是肯定⽆疑的。(that 从句⽤作主语)
I noticed that he spoke English fluently. 我注意到他说英语很流利。(that 从句⽤作宾语)
The problem is that we haven’t got enough money. 问题就是我们还没有⾜够多的钱。(that 从句⽤作表语)
The fact that he loves Mary is clear to everyone. 他喜欢玛丽这⼀事实是⼈⼈都清楚的。(that 从句⽤作同位语)
⼆、名词性that从句⽤作介词宾语
在⼀般情况下，名词性that从句不能⽤作介词的宾语，如不能说：
They were worried over that you were sick.(误)
He must face up to that he is no longer young. (误)
There’s no getting away from that the country’s economy is suffering.(误)
关于这⼀问题，请注意以下⼏点：
1. that引导的宾语从句⼀般不⽤作介词宾语，但可⽤于介词except, but, in 等少数⼏个介词的宾语。如：
The film is very good except that the ending is a little sad. 这部电影很不错，只是结尾有点让⼈伤⼼。
But that he has a family, he would have left here long ago. 要不是他有⼀个家，他⽼早就会离开英国了。
2. 除 except, but, in 等⼏少数⼏个介词外，其他介词后若要接that从句作宾语，则通常在介词后先接名词the fact 作宾语，
然后再后接that 从句⽤作the fact 的同位语。如上⾯的⼏个误可分别改为：
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你⽣病发愁。
He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 他应该勇于正视⾃⼰不再年轻这⼀事实。
There’s no getting away from the fact that the country’s economy is suffering. 国家经济疲软，这⼀事实⽆法回避。
3. 在少数情况下，介词后接that从句作宾语时，可采⽤“介词+it +that从句”这样的结构，it 被看作是that的先⾏词。如：
You may depend on it that tomorrow will be fine. 你可以指望明天天晴。
See to it that everything is ready in time. 务必要把⼀切都及时准备好。
注：有时还可以⽤于“动词+it+that从句”这样的结构。如：
I take it that they will succeed. 我认为他会成功。
三、引导词that的省略情况
that引导名词性从句时，是连接词，本⾝没有意义，也不作任何句⼦成分，引导宾语从句时可以省略，不过引导主语从
句、表语从句和同位语从句时⼀般不省略。但是请注意以下⼏种情况：
1. 由that引导的主语从句放在句⾸时，that不省略。但是，当主语从句位于句尾，⽽⽤it来做它的形式主语时，that是可以
省略的。如⼈教社⾼⼆英语(下册)就有这样⼀句：
It’s a pity you missed the sports meeting last week. 你错过了上周的运动会，真是遗憾。
2. 引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在⾮正式语体中有时也可以省略。如⼈教社初中英语第三册就有这么⼀例：
The only problem is you can’t eat trees! 的问题是，你不能吃树⼦。
3. 在通常情况下，引导宾语从句的that是可以省略的，但也并不是说它在任何情况下都可以省略。如以下各例中的that就
不宜省略： Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. (and 连接两个名词性从句，that从句放在and后⾯时，that
不能省略)
I know nothing about him except that he is a student.(that 引导的宾语从句做介词宾语时，that不能省略)
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been called off.（如果宾语从句有补⾜语，⽤it作形式宾语
时，that不省略）
He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine. (当that从句和主句谓语动词之间或从句主语之间有
插⼊语时，that不可省略)
四、that引导同位语从句和引导定语从句时的区别
1.从句法功能上来看：同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句⼦成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作⽤，其作⽤⼤致相
当于⼀个冒号；⽽引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句⼦的成分(主语或宾语)。如：
I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句，它在从句中不充当句⼦成分)
The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句，它在从句中充当宾语)
2. 从意义上来看：同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中⼼词的名词所表达的内容是⼀样的，两者之间可以划等号；⽽定语
从句则是限制或修饰中⼼词的，中⼼词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。如：
He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day. (that引导的是同位语从句，其中 the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)
This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句，其中 the factory≠ we visited last month.)
3.从中⼼名词上来看：同位语从句中的中⼼名词常是⼀些表⽰概括意义的抽象名词，这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought,order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。⽽定语从句
中的中⼼名词是没有限定的。如： 4.从是否可省略that来看：引导同位语从句的连词that⼀般不能省略，⽽在定语从句中，that作宾语时，可以省略。另外，
引导定语从句的that若指事物，它可以⽤which来代替，⽽在同位语从句中，that 永远不能⽤which替代。
