第三讲特殊句式

第三讲特殊句式第三讲特殊句式

考点⼀主谓⼀致

【⼝诀巧记】

主谓⼀致规则多掌握⼝诀不难做

单单复复最常见，集体名词谓⽤单，如若强调其成员，复数谓语记⼼间。有些名词谓常复，people, police即这般。

主语单数后接介，谓语单数介⽆关，many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应⽤单。or, nor, but also, there be,近主原则挂嘴边。

关系代词作主语，谓语根据先⾏词判。不定式短语、动名词、主语从句谓常单。

时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest, means, following等，意义决定其复单。none of, all of, half of等，of之宾语定复单。还有分数、百分数，依据of之宾语定复单。

代词all指⼈谓常复，all指事情谓常单。and连接两名词，⾝兼两取⼀定单。

none, each, every后单名，两种（件）事（物）系⼀概念，以上情况请记清，谓语动词全⽤单。

形容词带the表⼀类⼈，姓⽒复数加定冠，-s结尾的海峡、⼭脉与群岛，谓语⽤复勿⽤单。

代词neither, either, each等，⽤作主语谓全单。1.语法⼀致原则

主语后跟有with, together, with, as well as, like, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前⾯的主语保持⼀致。I think Tom， rather than you is to blame for the accident.

我认为汤姆不是这次事故的罪魁祸⾸。2.就近原则

（1）就近⼀致原则由or, either. . . or . . . , neither. . . nor. . ., not only. . . but also. . .等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单

复数上保持⼀致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么你要么你的⼀个学⽣将参加明天到期的会议。

（2）由 there, here引起的主语不⽌⼀个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的⼀个

主语保持⼀致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.

铅笔盒⾥有⼀⽀铅笔和两⽀钢笔。3.意义⼀致原则

（1）“no/ each/every/many a +单数名词+and +no/each/every/many a+单数名词”

作主语，谓语动词⽤单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每个⼈都很有理由为她们的⽗亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。

（2）⾮谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词⽤单数。To get to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.

早睡早起是个好习惯。【点津】

【对点演练】

⼀．根据汉语提⽰完成下列句⼦，有些句⼦需要选择括号⾥正确的⼀个词完成句⼦。1.The teacher with the students _____(be动词) playing football

on the playground.

2.Tom or you ______(be动词) to blame.

3.Each boy and each girl ________(have/has) been invited to the

party.

4.I saw a number of students _____(跳舞) in the hall.

5.The rest of the books _________(be动词)dull .

⼆．单句语法改错。1.Henry, rather than Jane and John, are responsible for the loss.

2.Neither you nor I are fit for the work.

3.Every boy and every girl in our class love Jay Chou.

4.The number of the cars in our city are 1000.

5.The rest of oil are not enough.

考点⼆倒装1.全部倒装

（1）表⽰地点或⽅位的副词或介词短语，如：here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, under the tree等置于句⾸时。South of the river lies a small factory.位于南部的⼀个⼩⼯⼚。

There goes the bell for break.下课铃响了

【点津】

主语为代词时，注意句⼦的语序。Out rushed the children.孩⼦们冲了出去。

Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。

（2）s uch放在句⾸，且在句中作表语时。Such are the facts; no one deny them.

这些都是事实，没有⼈否认。2.部分倒装

（1）o nly修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句，且放在句⾸时。Only after talking to two students did I discover that havingstrong

motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

只有与这两个学⽣谈话之后我才意识到有着强⼤的动⼒是实现梦想

的关键因素之⼀。

【点津】Only修饰主语时，句⼦倒装。

Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。

（2）否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, inno case, by no means, on no condition, in no way等置于句⾸

时。Never before have I seen such a moving film. =I have never seen such a moving film before.

我以前从未看过如此感⼈的电影。

（3）as/though引导让步状语从句时，要将表语，状语或谓语动词提到句⾸；though引导让步状语从句时，也可以⽤正常语序。Tiredthough/as he was, he kept on running. =Though he was tired, he kept on running.尽管他累了，他还是继续跑。

（4）⼋个部分倒装的句型

【对点演练】

⼀．根据括号⾥的提⽰完成下列句⼦，有些句⼦需要选择括号⾥正确的词来完成句⼦。1.There _____(go/goes) the bell announcing the end of the class.

2.Only in this way ____(能够)we solve the problem on time.

3.Seldom ______(have/had) I seen such a big snake before I came to this

island.

4.Pop star as/ though she ____(be动词), she still needs to improve.

5.He has made up his mind to continue with his studies, so______(助动

词) I6.So small was the mark ______(如此……以致于……)I could hardly see it.

7.Not only did he the prices increase, _______(⽽且)their wages were

raised as well.

8.Hardly ______(have/had)I picked up the phone when he hung up. ⼆．单句改错。

1.Here come the bus.

2.Only lately I see the professor on campus.

3.Little I dream of hearing such exciting music.

4.Fail as/though I, I would never give up.

5.I do not know his name, nor I want to.

6.So hardworking a boy is he we all admire him.

7.Not until then he know he lost his way.

8.No sooner we got there than it became dark.考点三其他特殊句式1.强调句

（1）基本句型是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”。

被强调的部分可以是主语，宾语和状语等。It was after the war over that English was able to come back to his

research work again.战争结束后，那个英国⼈⼜能回到他的研究⼯作中去了。

（2）强调句型的⼀般疑问词只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was +it+ that从句”。Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry? 是

不是因为Jack上学迟到⽼师才⽣⽓的。

（3）如果原句中含有“not…until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not 连着状语⼀起提前。Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his

musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初期

他的⾳乐天赋才被承认。

【点津】not until引导的复合句放于句⾸，主句要⽤倒装语序。但如果放于被强调的

位置，则that后的主谓不倒装。It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.直到我下了车，

我才意识到这⼀点。（强调句）Not until I got off the bus did I realize it.直到我下车，我才意识到

这⼀点。（倒装句）

（4）“it is…that…”结构不能强调谓语动词。

如果需要强调动词，⽤“do/does/did+动词原形”，以加强语⽓，意为“的确，真的；务必”。He did say that he would help me.