高中英语语法复习之三大从句
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高考英语从句综合知识点高考英语从句是考试中的重要部分,对于学生来说也是一个相对难以掌握的知识点。
在复习过程中,学生需要综合掌握从句的各种类型及正确的用法。
在这篇文章中,我将为大家总结一些高考英语从句的综合知识点。
一、名词性从句名词性从句主要有三种形式:主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
在考试中,我们需要根据不同的语境来正确地使用它们。
1. 主语从句:主语从句在句子中充当主语成分,常用连词有that和whether/if。
例如:Whether we will win the match is still uncertain.(我们是否能赢得比赛还不确定。
)2. 宾语从句:宾语从句在句子中充当宾语成分,常用连词有that, whether/if, 还有一些特殊的动词后接宾语从句,如hope, suggest, advise 等。
例如:They suggested that we should go hiking this weekend.(他们建议我们这个周末去远足。
)3. 表语从句:表语从句在句子中充当表语成分,常用连词有that和whether/if。
例如:The question is whether he will come to the party or not.(问题是他是否会来参加派对。
)二、定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,在句中充当定语成分。
在日常口语和写作中,定语从句的使用频率相对较高,因此熟练掌握其用法对于高考很有必要。
定语从句的关系词有:that, which, who, whom, whose等。
我们需要根据先行词在定语从句中的作用来选择合适的关系词。
1. 关系代词that和which的区别:that用于限定性定语从句中,不可以省略。
而which则用于非限定性定语从句中,用于修饰整句的内容,可以省略。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
语法衔接-三大从句07名词性从句教材衔接知识链接一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.it作形式主语it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)It is+名词+从句It is a fact that...事实是··...It is a surprise that...令人惊奇的是···..·(2)It is+形容词+从句It is strange that...奇怪的是···..·It is necessary that...有必要··...·It is important that...重要的是···..·(3)It+不及物动词十从句It seems that...似乎·.·..·It appears that...似乎···..·It happens that...碰巧·.·(4)It+过去分词+从句It is reported that...据报道······It is believed that...人们相信····.·It is known to all that...众所周知·····3.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。
高考英语高中英语三大从句知识点附例句1. 名词性从句:作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语,常用连接词有that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which等。
例句:- What he said is true.(他说的是真的。
)- I don't know whether he will come or not.(我不知道他会不会来。
)- She asked me if I had finished my homework.(她问我是否完成了作业。
)2. 定语从句:修饰名词或代词,常用连接词有that, who, whom, whose, which等。
例句:- The book that I borrowed from the library is very intere sting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)- The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(站在那边的女孩是我的妹妹。
)- The car, which is parked outside, belongs to my neighbor.(停在外面的那辆车是我邻居的。
)3. 状语从句:表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步等,常用连接词有when, while, before, after, since, until, if, unless, because , since, as, so that, in order that, although, though等。
例句:- I will call you when I arrive at the airport.(我到机场后会给你打电话。
)- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会呆在家里。
)- He failed the exam because he didn't study hard.(他考试不及格是因为他没有认真学习。
高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。
分别是:1、定语从句(形容词从句)2、名词词从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)3、状语从句(副词性从句,包括时间,地点,结果,目的,原因等)一、定语从句:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
(1), who, whom, that这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。
(2),Which 用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略)(3),whose“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)2、关系代词引导的定语从句(1),关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。
(2),关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
(3),关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
二、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:1、连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever3、连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however三、状语从句状语从句(Adverbial Clause)状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
英语从句知识点总结笔记一、从句的分类英语中的从句主要包括名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句三种。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词,可做主语、宾语、表语或宾语补语。
名词性从句主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
主语从句:引导词为that, whether, if, who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。
例如:What he said is true.(他说的话是真的。
)宾语从句:引导词为that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which等。
例如:I know what you mean.(我知道你的意思。
)表语从句:引导词为that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which等。
例如:The problem is whether we can solve it.(问题是我们能否解决它。
)同位语从句:引导词为that, whether, who, what, which等。
例如:The news that he won the championship pleased everyone.(他赢得了冠军的消息使每个人都很高兴。
)2. 形容词性从句形容词性从句相当于形容词,在句中修饰名词或代词。
形容词性从句的引导词有that, who, whom, whose, which等。
例如:The book that you are reading is interesting.(你正在读的那本书很有趣。
)3. 副词性从句副词性从句相当于副词,在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
副词性从句分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等类型。
时间状语从句:引导词有when, while, before, after, since, until, as soon as, whenever, the moment等。
英语中必考知识点---------三大从句英语中三大从句在英语中,三大从句分别是名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)。
下面我将分别为这三种从句提供定义,并各举10个例句。
(一)名词性从句1. **主语从句**:- That he finished the project on time surprised everyone.- 他按时完成了项目,这让每个人都感到惊讶。
2. **宾语从句**:- She believes that honesty is the best policy.- 她相信诚实是最好的策略。
3. **表语从句**:- The fact is that we are running out of time.- 事实是我们快没时间了。
4. **同位语从句**:- We heard the news that our team had won the championship.- 我们听到了我们团队赢得冠军的消息。
5. **主语从句**:- Whether he will come to the meeting is uncertain.- 他是否会来开会还不确定。
6. **宾语从句**:- I don't know who broke the window.- 我不知道谁打破了窗户。
7. **表语从句**:- My idea is that we should start earlier.- 我的想法是我们应该早点开始。
8. **同位语从句**:- The suggestion that we take a break was accepted by everyone.- 我们休息一下的建议得到了大家的认可。
9. **主语从句**:- What you need is more practice.- 你需要的是更多的练习。
10. **宾语从句**:- They haven't decided when to hold the party.- 他们还没决定什么时候举行聚会。
高中三大从句高中三大从句是指定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。
下面将分别对这三种从句进行详细解析。
一、定语从句定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对先行词进行进一步说明或限定。
定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose等。
其中that和which可以用来引导限制性定语从句,而who, whom, whose只能用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。
例句:a) The car that is parked in front of the house belongs to my neighbor.(限制性)b) My brother, who is a doctor, lives in New York.(非限制性)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有:where, when, why等。
它们用来引导修饰地点、时间、原因等的定语从句。
例句:a) This is the school where I studied last year.b) Do you remember the day when we first met?c) I don't know the reason why he left.二、名词性从句名词性从句是用来充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句。
名词性从句的引导词有连词that、whether/if和疑问词who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why, how等。
1. 主语从句主语从句作为句子的主语,通常用that引导,也可以用疑问词引导。
例句:a) That he is late again is really annoying.b) What you said is not true.2. 宾语从句宾语从句作为句子的宾语,通常用that引导,也可以用疑问词引导。
名词性从句一、概念:在句中起名词作用的句子称名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词:when, where, how, why2、不可省略的连词:①介词后的连词②引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
例如:That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
注:比较:whether与if均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether不能被if 取代:①whether引导主语从句并在句首②引导表语从句③whether 从句作介词宾语④从句后有"or not"大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
例如:It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。
3、名词性that-从句①由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。
例如:主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
高中英语中共有三大从句:一、形容词性从句(即定语从句);二、名词性从句;三、副词性从句(状语从句)。
形容词性从句在句中起到修饰作用,相当于一个形容词,作先行词的定语,有限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句之别。
限定性定语从句不能随意去掉,否则句子意思无法表达明白。
如:He is the man who bought my book yesterday. 如果去掉定语从句,此话没有什么意思。
而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,可以去掉,不影响主句的主要意思的表达。
I met an old woman in the shop yesterday, who was about 80.名词性从句共有四大类型:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句,顾名思义,整个句子相当于句子中的一个名词,充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或者同位语。
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句只有在主句句子的成分残缺时才可以考虑使用以上三大从句。
而同位语则是对前面某一名词的展开,即前一名词的具体说明,两者是同等,不是定语从句的修饰与被修饰关系。
如:【同位语从句】We heard the news that he had gone to Beijing yesterday.此句中the news 和that he had gone to Beijing yesterday.是同一意思,可以替换。
the news 去掉,that 引导的则成了宾语从句,不过意思没变。
关于状语从句,副词性从句,主要是为主句谓语动词的发生提供一个时间(when)、地点(where)、条件(if)等等。
常见的状语从句有:1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句;3.原因状语从句;4.条件状语从句;5.目的状语从句;6.让步状语从句;7.比较状语从句;8.程度状语从句;9.方式状语从句;10.结果状语从句。
第一部分从句(Subordinate Clause)是复合句里的一个句子成分。
三大从句:名词性从句状语从句定语从句高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。
分别是:1、名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)2、状语从句(副词性从句,包括时间,地点,结果,目的,原因等)3、定语从句(形容词从句)名词性从句1. 定义:从句在句子中充当名词。
1.分类:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。
(从句在句中充当成份)2.连接词:1)连词:that(无意义,不充当成份),if/wether (无意义,是否),as if ,as though (好像,似乎) 2)连接代词:what(充当主,宾,表,什么),who(主宾表,指人),whom(宾,指人),which(主宾表,定,哪一个),whose(定语,谁的)3)连接副词:when(时间状语,什么时候),where(地点状语,什么地方),why (原因状语,为什么),how (方式状语,怎么样,如何)4)复合连词:whatever(不管什么),whoever(不管是谁),whichever(不管哪个),whomever(不管是谁),whenever(不管什么时候),wherever(不管什么地方),however(不管怎样)一,主语从句1.定义:从句在句中充当主语,常位于句首或者动词be动词之前Eg:他获得一得奖一事使他很兴奋。
That(不充当成份,无意思)he got the first price excited him.她能来我们很高兴。
That she was able to come made us happy.我们是否能准时到达那儿还不确定. Whether we can get there on time is doubtful.我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。
What we should do with the problem is undecided.我们所需要的是时间。
What we need is time.对她来说,最重要的是她的家庭。
三大从句定语从句1.The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important.2. The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor.3. The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive.4. The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour.5. That's just the topic that I'm very interested in.6. He is just the boss who gave me that valuable opportunity.7. I like the cake which you bought yesterday.8. He is the teacher who helped me.9. We all like that speaker who is very humorous.10. The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour.11. She is the girl whom I met at the party.12. There are occasions when one must yield.13.Beijing is the place where I was born.14.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?15. His father died the year when he was born.16.He is unlikely to find the place in which he lived forty years ago.17. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?18.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.19. He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you.20.None of us know the reason for which Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which ). 只用that不用which的情况①先行词指物且含有不定代词(all, little, few, much, everything, anything等)Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?All that Lily told me seems untrue.②先行词被the only, the very, the right, any, every, some, no, just等修饰This is the very bus that I am waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to lend you some money.③先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时,如:This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen?④先行词既有人又有物Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?⑤避免重复a. 主句的主语是疑问词who或whichWhich is the bike that you have lost?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?b. 两个定语从句,其中一个用which另一个用thatThey secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause much pollution.c. 先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中也作表语Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.⑥ 主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语There is a seat that is still available.2. 只用which不用that的情况① 非限制性定语从句② 关系代词前有介词(介词锁定)③ 先行词本身是that(避免重复)只用who不用that的情况:① 先行词是指人的不定代词,如:one , ones, anyone, no one, those等Those who have not got your textbooks please raise you hands.② there be结构中先行词指人There is a man who calls himself Mr. S joining our team.③ 分隔式定语从句中I was one of the persons in my office who were invited.四、关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. (可用on which)where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. (可用in which)why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. (可用for which)主语从句(subject clause)一.定义:主语从句(subject clause),顾名思义就是利用一个从句来代替主语。
三大从句知识点总结一、名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中充当名词的作用,可以位于主句中的主语、宾语、表语或者介词宾语的位置,起着名词的作用,因此也被称为从句名词。
名词性从句主要包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等几种。
1. 宾语从句宾语从句用来充当主句中的及物动词(transitive verb)或介词后面的宾语,例如:I know (that) he is coming.(我知道他要来了。
)He said (that) he would come tomorrow.(他说他明天会来。
)在上面的两个例句中,that引导的从句分别充当了know和said后面的宾语。
2. 主语从句主语从句用来作为整个主句的主语,例如:That he is so successful surprises everyone.(他这么成功让每个人都感到惊讶。
)What he is saying is true.(他所说的是真的。
)在上面的两个例句中,从句that he is so successful和what he is saying分别作为整个主句的主语。
3. 表语从句表语从句用来作为及物动词后的表语,例如:The problem is that we don't have enough time.(问题就在于我们没有足够的时间。
)在这个例句中,从句that we don't have enough time充当了动词is后的表语。
4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来解释或者说明名词的内容,例如:The news that he won the prize is exciting.(他获奖的消息令人兴奋。
)在这个例句中,从句that he won the prize充当了news这个名词的同位语。
名词性从句在句子中起着非常重要的作用,能够充分地承担名词的功能,并且丰富了句子的表达方式。
二、定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,对其进行进一步的说明或者限定,增加句子的信息量。
高中英语三大从句1. “哎呀,宾语从句可太重要啦!就像我昨天跟妈妈说‘我知道我应该先写完作业再玩’,这里面‘我知道’后面的就是宾语从句呀。
”- 例子:我和小伙伴们在外面玩得正开心,妈妈喊我回家写作业,我不情愿地说:“我还不想回去呢。
”妈妈说:“你要知道你现在的任务是学习呀。
”我突然就想到了宾语从句,嘿嘿,原来生活中到处都有英语知识呀。
2. “哇塞,定语从句好神奇呀!比如我说‘那个穿红色衣服的女孩是我的好朋友’,‘那个穿红色衣服的’就是定语从句呀。
”- 例子:在学校里,我看到一个很漂亮的女生,我跟同桌说:“那个扎着马尾辫的女生真好看。
”同桌说:“是呀,她学习还特别好呢。
”这不就是定语从句在生活中的体现嘛。
3. “嘿,状语从句也很有意思呢!像‘当我回家的时候,妈妈正在做饭’,‘当我回家的时候’就是状语从句呀。
”- 例子:放学了,我急忙往家跑,一边跑一边想:当我到家的时候,妈妈会给我做什么好吃的呢?到了家,果然妈妈在厨房忙碌着。
4. “你们知道吗,宾语从句就像一把钥匙,能打开好多知识的大门哟!比如‘我觉得他说得对’,这里面就有宾语从句呀。
”- 例子:课堂上老师提问,我回答后,同桌小声说:“我觉得你说得对。
”我心里美滋滋的,原来这就是宾语从句呀。
5. “定语从句就像是给人或东西贴上标签一样,好特别呀!像‘那本我昨天买的书很有趣’,‘那本我昨天买的’就是定语从句呢。
”- 例子:我在书架上找书,对弟弟说:“把那本我上周买的漫画书递给我。
”弟弟很快就找到了,我想这就是定语从句的作用呀。
6. “哇哦,状语从句就像是给事情加上了时间、条件这些背景呢!比如‘如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园玩’。
”- 例子:我和朋友约好周末出去玩,我说:“如果周末天气好,我们就去爬山。
”朋友说:“好呀,希望别下雨。
”这就是状语从句呀。
7. “宾语从句真的是无处不在呀,就像我说‘我知道我错了’,这里面就有宾语从句呢。
”- 例子:我不小心打碎了杯子,妈妈看着我说:“你知道你错在哪儿了吗?”我低着头说:“我知道我错了。
高考英语三大从句是哪些,你分得清吗?一、名词性从句1.当从句的结构与意义都完整,说话人语气坚定用that,有疑问用whether/if。
2.当从句的结构完整,意义不完整,缺状语用where,when,why,how, 缺定语用whose或which。
3.当从句的结构不完整,缺主宾表,说事用what,说人用who, whom。
二、形容词性从句(定语从句)1.当从句的结构不完整,缺主宾表,说事用that /which,说人用that/who/whom.2.当从句的结构完整,意义不完整,缺状语用where(in/on which),when(in/on/at/during which),why(for which).3.当从句的结构不完整,缺定语用whose(=of which/whom the n. = the n. of which/whom)三、副容词性从句(状语从句)时间状语 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the second, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly 地点状语 where, wherever原因状语 because, as, since, now that条件状语 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that 目的状语 so that, in order that, for fear that结果状语so…that, such…that比较状语than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more方式状语 as if, as though, as让步状语though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever来源:网络。
高中英语三大从句 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
一、定语从句阅读中,可略去定语从句不看,找出主谓宾即可。
限定性定语从关系词(非介宾)可省略:关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语。
非限定性定语从句有“,”,关系词指代主句/先行词
moment、minute/time (that)【不用when】
二、状语从句
三、名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语;陈述语序).
☆引导一个从句,只用一个引导词
what可指代“某…” eg:“不再是以前的样子”what
which表示从给定范围中选择其一
who在主、从中用作主语、宾语;whom在主、从中用作宾语
常用表语从句:It seems/…… as if/though…….
常用主语从句(it作形式主语):①It’s no wonder(难怪) that…….②It’s a pity(遗憾) that…….连接副词:how短语(how …)等
宾从否定前移:think/believe/imagine/suppose sth. be/do not→don’t ~ sth. be/do
同位语从句解释其内容:
fact/news/idea/hope/thought/order/fear/doubt/word(口信)/ proof(证据)/belief/story。
1、定语从句(形容词从句)2、名词词从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)3、状语从句(副词性从句,包括时间,地点,结果,目的,原因等)一、定语从句:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
(1), who, whom, that这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。
(2),Which 用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略)(3),whose“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)2、关系代词引导的定语从句(1),关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。
(2),关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
(3),关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
二、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:1、连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever3、连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however三、状语从句状语从句(Adverbial Clause)状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
高考英语语法知识点从句高考英语语法知识点:从句高考英语考试中,从句作为一个重要的语法知识点经常出现。
从句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的复合句。
在从句的结构和功能方面我们需要了解一些重要的知识点。
一、名词性从句名词性从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语和补语的功能。
根据不同的功能,名词性从句有三种形式:主语从句、宾语从句和表语/补语从句。
1. 主语从句:主语从句在句子中充当主语的角色,通常由由连接词that,whether/if引导。
例如:- That she is a talented musician is undeniable.(她是个有才华的音乐家是不可否认的。
)- Whether/if he can pass the exam is still uncertain.(他是否能通过考试还是未知数。
)主语从句常常出现在"It is/was + adj./n. + that"的句型中。
2. 宾语从句:宾语从句出现在句子中作为动词的宾语,通常由由连接词that, whether/if引导。
例如:- She asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.(她问我是否完成了作业。
)- I hope that it will stop raining soon.(我希望很快能停止下雨。
)宾语从句常常出现在及物动词后面,或者在介词to之后。
3. 表语/补语从句:表语从句和补语从句是由连接词that引导的从句。
例如:- I'm afraid that she is not coming to the party.(恐怕她不会来参加晚会。
)- He seemed very happy that he had won the race.(他似乎对自己赢得比赛感到非常开心。
)表语从句通常出现在系动词后面,而补语从句在及物动词后面。
二、定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
三大从句定语从句1.The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important.2. The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor.3. The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive.4. The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour.5. That's just the topic that I'm very interested in.6. He is just the boss who gave me that valuable opportunity.7. I like the cake which you bought yesterday.8. He is the teacher who helped me.9. We all like that speaker who is very humorous.10. The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour.11. She is the girl whom I met at the party.12. There are occasions when one must yield.13.Beijing is the place where I was born.14.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?15. His father died the year when he was born.16.He is unlikely to find the place in which he lived forty years ago.17. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?18.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.19. He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you.20.None of us know the reason for which Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which ). 只用that不用which的情况①先行词指物且含有不定代词(all, little, few, much, everything, anything等)Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?All that Lily told me seems untrue.②先行词被the only, the very, the right, any, every, some, no, just等修饰This is the very bus that I am waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to lend you some money.③先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时,如:This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen?④先行词既有人又有物Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?⑤避免重复a. 主句的主语是疑问词who或whichWhich is the bike that you have lost?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?b. 两个定语从句,其中一个用which另一个用thatThey secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause much pollution.c. 先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中也作表语Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.⑥ 主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语There is a seat that is still available.2. 只用which不用that的情况① 非限制性定语从句② 关系代词前有介词(介词锁定)③ 先行词本身是that(避免重复)只用who不用that的情况:① 先行词是指人的不定代词,如:one , ones, anyone, no one, those等Those who have not got your textbooks please raise you hands.② there be结构中先行词指人There is a man who calls himself Mr. S joining our team.③ 分隔式定语从句中I was one of the persons in my office who were invited.四、关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. (可用on which)where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. (可用in which)why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. (可用for which)主语从句(subject clause)一.定义:主语从句(subject clause),顾名思义就是利用一个从句来代替主语。
例如:That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us .二.连接词引导主语从句的连词主要有:从属连词:that,whether连接代词:who,whoever,whom,whose,what,whatever,which,whichever连接副词:when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however主语从句的连接词that 无实际意义,但是不可省略其他连接词有实际意义,不可省略三.时态,从句时态不受主句时态的影响。
That price will go up is certain.Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.What we need are good doctors.如果主语从句放在句首表示“是否”的时候,不能用If只能有Whether为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末(It+形式主语谓语+宾/表+从句)(1)That he will win the match is certain. → It is certain that he will win the match.(2)That he has made a very important discovery in chemistry is true → It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.(3)what caused the accident is still a mystery. → It is still a mystery what caused the accident.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1)If引导的主语从句It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. ()If he will leave for Beijing tomorrow is uncertain()(2)It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. ( )That President jingo will visit our school next week is said. ( )(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ( )That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ( )(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. ( )Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. ( )宾语从句(object clause)一.定义:名词性从句均是异曲同工。
即宾语从句就是利用一个从句来代替宾语。
例如:I think (that) you shoud tell the truth二.连接词从属连词主要有that,if,whether连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whoever, whatever, whichever等That 用于陈述句的连接词(包括)肯定和否定,在句中不作任何成分,所以常常省略(有例外) I think (that) is funny.She hopes (that) tomorrow will be a good whether.I wonder if you can go with me?I don’t know whether i can go home?I know what I want to do.I ask him where I could take the bus.三.时态1.主句为现在时/将来时/完成时的时候。