呼吸内科常用英语 全

一、内科常用字汇心血管系统 The Cardiovascular System Acute Myocardial Infarction AMI 急性心机梗塞Electrocardiogram DCG 心电图Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病Hemangioma 血管瘤Vasodilatation 血管扩张Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Hypertension 高血压Hypertrophy 肥大Hypotension 低血压Varicose veins 静脉曲张血液及淋巴系统The Hemic and Lymphatic SystemAdenitis 腺炎Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病Leukocyte 白血球Leukocytopenia白血球减少Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮Splenomegaly 脾肿大Anemia贫血Aseptic 无菌的Septicemia败血症Hemostasis 止血Transfusion输血呼吸系统 The Respiratory SystemPulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Mucosa 黏膜Exhale呼吸Apnea窒息Tachypnea呼吸急促Pneumonia肺炎Bronchitis支气管炎Lung Empyema 肺积脓消化系统 The Digestive System Short of breath 呼吸短促Dysphasia说话困难Aphasia 失语症Aphonia失声Dysphagia 吞咽困难Gingivitis 齿龈炎Pharyngitis 咽炎Laryngitis 喉炎Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺术Gastric cancer 胃癌Gastritis 胃炎Gastroenteritis胃肠炎Gastrorrhagia胃出血Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡Peritonitis 腹膜炎Enterorrhagia 肠出血Enterorrhexis 肠破裂Appendicitis 阑尾炎Colon cancer结肠癌Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查Rectal cancer 直肠癌Anal Fistual 肛门廔管External hemorrhoid 外痔Internal hemorrhoid 内痔Excretion 排泄Hepatitis肝炎Hepatomegaly 肝肿大Gall Stone 胆结石Cholelithiasis 胆石症Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化Ascites腹水内分泌系统 The Endocrine System Glycemia糖血症Goiter 甲状腺肿Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Bromidrosis汗臭症Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤神经系统 The Nervous System Cerebral Arteriosclerosis 脑动脉硬化Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral Edema 脑水肿Cerebra Palsy脑性麻痹Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎Intracranial Hemorrhage 颅内出血Encephalitis 脑炎Electromyography 肌电图Neuritis神经炎Epilepsy 癜痫Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛Rachitis 痀偻症Rachioscoliiosis脊柱侧弯Spondylitis 脊椎炎Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪Immediately loss of consciousness 立即丧失意识Eye opening睁眼反应Verbal response 语言反应Motor response 运动反应Corneal reflex 角膜反射Plantar reflex 膝反射Sciatica坐骨神经痛Chorea 舞蹈症Muscle atrophy 肌萎缩Migraine 偏头痛Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式症Brain Swelling 脑肿胀brain Concussion 脑震荡brain Anoxia脑缺氧症brain Death 脑死肌肉骨骼系统The Musculoskeletal SystemAnterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韧带Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎Arthrosclerosis关节硬化Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏Matastatic Lesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Amputation 截肢Bone graft 骨移植Hallux Valgus大拇指外翻Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术Range of Motion 运动范围Varus 内翻Chondromalacia软骨软化症泌尿及男性生殖系统 The Urinary and Male Reproductive SystemCystitis 膀胱炎Circumcision包皮环割术Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查Hydronephrosis肾水肿Renal Stone 肾结石Acute Renal Failure 急性肾衰竭Cryptorchidism 隐睾症Spermatogenesis精子生成Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 良性摄护腺肥大Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄Dysuria 排尿困难Hematuria血尿Uremia尿毒症Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染Vasoligation 输精管结扎Impotence 阳萎特殊感觉器官 The Organs of Special SensesAudiometer 听力计Otitis耳炎Otorrhea耳漏Tympanitis中耳炎Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破术Nasitis鼻炎Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma鼻咽癌Rhinorrhea 鼻溢Intraocular Foreign Body 眼内异物Intraocular pressure 眼内压Oculus Uterque 双眼Oculus Sinister 左眼Oculus Dexter 右眼Extraocular Muscle 眼外肌Ophthalmologist 眼科医师Diplopia 复视Myopia 近视Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂Corneitis 角膜炎Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等Retinopexy 视网膜固定术Retinal Detachment 视网膜剥落Visual field 视野Vocal nodular 声带结节Dermatologist 皮肤科医师Dermatitis皮肤炎Cataract白内障Glaucoma青光眼综合性字汇Contraceptive避孕的Contraindication 禁忌症Biology 生物学Hyperemesis 剧吐Polydipsia剧渴Homosexual 同性的Heterosexual 异性的Inject 注射Lipoma 脂肪瘤Lipoid 脂肪样的Lipomatosis 脂肪过多症Malformaiton 畸形Malaise 不适Necrosis坏死Nocturia 夜尿症Ployuria 多尿Narcotics 麻醉药Hyperplasia 增殖Dysplasia 发育不良Dyspepsia 消化不良Prognosis 预後Antipyretic 解热剂Hydrophobia 恐水症Photophobia 畏光Antibiotic 抗生素Syndrome 症候群Hydrotherapy 水疗法Perforation 穿孔Percussion叩诊Visceralgia脏器痛二、妇产科常用字汇Genital 生殖的Gynecology 妇科Menstruation 月经Menopause 更年期Menorrhagia经血过多Amenorrhea 无月经Dysmenorrhea经痛Menarche初经Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌Cervical Erosion子宫颈糜烂Cervicitis子宫颈炎Perineum会阴Endometriosis子宫内膜异位Ovary 卵巢Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊肿Ovulation排卵Vaginitis阴道炎Colposcopy 阴道镜检法Galactocele乳腺囊肿Mammography 乳房X光摄影术Infertility 不孕症InVitro Fertilization 体外受精Amnion 羊膜Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞Hydramnion 羊水过多Anterpartal 产前的Antepartum 分娩前Chorionic Villi Sampling 绒毛膜绒毛取样Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎头骨盆不对称Artificial Insemination 人工受精Engagement 进入产位Estrogen动情基素Colostrum 初乳Termination of Pregnancy 终止怀孕Corpus Luteum 黄体Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩Venereal Disease 性病Tubal Ligation 输卵管结扎Laparoscope 腹腔镜Embryo 胚胎Ectopic Gestation 子宫外孕Primipara 初产妇Attitude of Fetus 胎儿体位Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中Multipara 经产妇Parity 经产Placenta Previa前置胎盘Postpartum 产後Postpartum hemorrhage产後出血Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血症Adolescence青春期Basal Body Temperature 基础体温Cesarean Section 剖腹产Expected Date of Confinement 预产期Fallopian Tube 输卵管Forceps 产钳Hydatidiform Mole 水囊状胎块Labor Pain阵痛Painless Labor 无痛分娩Molding胎头变形Normal Spontaneous Delivery 正常自然生产Papanicolaou Smear 子宫颈抹片检查Premature Rupture of Membrance 早期破水Progesterone黄体素Stillbrith死产Suture 缝合Stump残物Withdrawal Bleeding 停经出血三、小儿科常用字汇Apnea呼吸暂停Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血Arterio Venous Malformation 动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematoma头血肿Erythema红斑Hypospadia尿道下裂Dehydration 脱水Hydrocephalus水脑Hydrocele 阴囊积水Polydactylia多指畸形Pyoderma脓皮症Sepsis 败血症Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎Encephalitis脑炎Gastroenteritis肠胃炎Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息Cleft Palate 颚裂Diarrhea腹泻Dental Caries 龋齿Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹Torticollis斜颈Vaccine疫苗Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇Chicken pox 水痘Club foot 畸足Diphtheria白喉Dengue fever 登革热Eczema湿疹Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹Giant baby巨婴Gonorrhea 淋病Hepatitis B B型肝炎Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸Mongolian spots 蒙古斑Mumps 腮腺炎Respiratory arrest呼吸停止Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹Vomiting呕吐四、精神科常用字汇Mental retardation 智能不足autism自闭症dement 痴呆症alzheimer's dementia阿尔兹海默式形痴呆症alcoholism 酒瘾substances Intoxication 物质中毒alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒schizophrenia精神分裂病delusional Disorder 妄想性病患Major Depressive Disorder重郁症疾患phobia畏惧症obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患pedophilia恋童癖exhibitionism 暴露狂Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖Gender Identity Disorders 性别认同疾患Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症临床症状blunted affect 感情迟钝silly Laughter 傻笑apathy冷漠irritable 易怒的euphoria欣快感depression 忧郁ambivalence感情矛盾Flat Affect感情平淡suicide attempt 自杀企图queer behavior 怪异行为bizarre behavior 特异行为hypertalkative 多话hypotalkative 少话mutistic不语hyperactivity 活动过多hypoactivity 活动过少compulsive behavior 强迫行为verbigeration 重复语言catelepsy 僵直negativism阻抗行动Mannerism作态行为destrctive behavior 破坏行为autistic thinking 自闭性思考poverty of speech 言语贫乏flight of ideas 意念飞跃loosening of association 思考连结松散illogical thinking 不合逻辑思考pressure speech 言语急迫thought blocking 思考中断incoherent 语无伦次thought Withdrawal 思想退缩irrelevant 答非所问delusion 妄想delusion of persecution 被害妄想delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想Phobia 恐惧症acrophobia 惧高症algophobia 惧痛症sexual drive 性欲illusion 错觉hallucination 幻觉auditory hallucination 听幻觉disoreinatation 失去定向力amnesia记忆丧失症confabulation 虚谈症orientation 定向力judgement 判断力derealization 失真感insight病识感no insight 无病识感intellectual insight 理性的病识感true emotional insight 真正具有情绪性病识感心理学名词free association 自由联想dream analysis 梦的解析ego 自我id 原我super ego 超我ego boundary 自我界限libido 原欲scapegoat 代罪羔羊internal conflict 内在冲突conscious 意识unconscious 潜意识preconscious前意识transference 情感转移depersonalization 人格解体derealization 脱离现实neurosis神经精神病Psychosis神经病Pleasure Principle 享乐原则Reality Principle 现实原则Moral Principle 道德原则Predisposing Factors 潜在因素Precipitating Factors 诱发因素Defense Mechanism 防卫机转compensation 补偿作用conversion 转化作用denial 否认作用displacement 转移作用dissociation 解离作用fantasy 幻想作用identification 认同作用introjection 内射作用projection 外射作用retionalization 合理化作用reaction formation 反向作用degression 退化作用repression 潜抑作用suppression 压抑作用restitution 归还作用sublimation 升华作用substitution 取代作用symbolism 象徵作用undoing 抵销作用distortion 曲解作用isolation 隔离作用Cognitive behavioral Therapy认知行为治疗Empathy 同理心Resistance阻抗testing out behavior 试探行为self-awareness自我了解separation anxiety 分离焦虑reinforcement 增强原则catharsis 情绪宣泄confrontation 面质listen 倾听restraint 约束physical restraint 身体的约束chemical 药物的约束五、各科常用缩写AAAD against-advice discharge 自动出院A abdomen 腹部ADL activities of daily life 日常生活活动A/G albumin /globulin ration 白蛋白/蛋球白比例AK above knee 膝上B.BE below elbow 肘下BH body height 身高twice a day 一日两次Bil bilateral两侧的BK below knee 膝下BM bowel movement 肠蠕动BMR basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy良性摄护腺肥大BTI biliary tract infection胆道感染BUS blood, urine, stool 血液,小便,大便BW body weight 体重C.Ca. Carcinoma 癌CBC complete blood count 全血球计数CBD common bile duct 总胆管CH cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血Chest P-A chest posterio-anterio 前後胸部CO cardiac output 心输出量CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术CPS chronic paranasal sinusitis 慢性鼻窦炎C/T chemotherapy 化学治疗法CT cerebral thrombosis 脑栓塞CT Scan computerized axial tomography scan 电脑断层检查CVA cerebral vascular accident 脑血管意外CVP central venous pressure 中心静脉压D.DC discontinue 停止D&C dilatation and curettage 扩张及刮除术DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus 白喉,百日咳,破伤风DU duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃伤E.ECG eletrocardiogram 心电图EEG electroecephalogram 脑电波图ENT ear, nose, throat 耳鼻喉F.FH family history 家族史FHS fetal heart sounds 胎心音FOU fever of unknown 不明原因发烧Fr fracture 骨折G.GB gall bladder 胆囊GI tract gastric intestinal tract 胃肠道GSR general surgical routine 一般外科常规gtt. Drops 滴GU genitourinary 生殖泌尿的GYN gynecology 妇科学HHb hemoglobin 血色素HICH hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage 高血压性脑内出血. at bedtime 睡前HT Hypertension 高血压Ht. Hct. Hematocrit 血球容积Hx History 病例IICP Intermittent catheterization program 间歇性导尿ICU Intensive care unit 加护病房ICT Intracerebral tumor脑内肿瘤I & D Incision and drainage 切开及流IICP Increased intracranial pressure 增高胪内压Imp. Impression 臆断IM Intramuscular 肌肉内的I & O Intake and output 输入及排出IV Intravenous 静脉内的IVKO Intravenous keep open 静脉点滴维持通畅JJej. Jejunum 空肠Jt. Joint 关节KKn. Knee 膝KUB Kidney, ureter, baldder 肾、输尿管及膀胱L.LFT liver function test肝功能试验LLQ left lower quadrant 左下象限LMP last menstrual period 最後一次月经MMBD may be discharged 可出院MN midnight 午夜NNKA non known allergy 不明原因的过敏NP nothing particular 并无特别的NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌NPO nothing by mouth 禁食O.OA osteo-arthritis 骨性关节炎OB occult blood 潜血OBS obstetrics 产科OP operation 手术OPD outpatient department 门诊Ortho. Orthopaedic 骨科矫行的OS ocular sinistro 左眼OT occupational therapy 职能治疗OU Both eyes 双眼P. after meals 饭後PCT Penicillin test 盘尼西林测验PE Physical examination 身体检查PI Present illness 目前病况. by mouth 由口PPU Perforated petic ulcer 穿孔性胃溃疡PT Physical therapy 物理治疗PTA Prior to admission 入院前PTN Parenteral total nutrition 肠道外的高营养QQ every 每一. every day 每日every hour 每小时.every morning 每日早晨. every night 每日晚间RRA rheumatoid a arthritis 类风湿性关节炎RBC red blood cell 红血球RN registered nurse 护理师R/O rule out 可能是RR recovery room 恢复室R/T radio-therapy test 放射治疗RUQ right upper quadrant 右上象限Rx take取拿Medication 处方 Treatment 治疗SSc. Subcutaneous 皮下的SOB short of breath 呼吸短促S/P status/ post operation 手术後s-s half 一半Ststat immediately 立刻Staph. Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌TTPR Temperature, pulse, respirations 体温、脉搏、呼吸TURP Trans-urethral resection of prostate 经尿道切除摄护腺UURI Upper respiratory infection 上呼吸道感染WWBC White blood cell 白血球White blood count 白血球计数YY/O year old 年龄Z zero 零六、解剖式内外科常用字汇The cardiovascular system 心血管系统lungs 肺脏venisvessels血管capillaries微血管cardi 心脏arteriesblood clot凝血The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系统Blood 血液Red blood cell 红血球White blood cell白血球Platelet血小板The Respiratory System 呼吸系统Bronchial tube主支气管Alveoii气泡Pharynx咽Larynx喉Trachea气管Lung肺Bronchioles小支气管Pleura胸膜Chest 胸Air 气The Digestive System 消化系统Lips唇teeth 牙齿tongue舌bile duct 胆管gallbladder 胆囊duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠appendix 阑尾small intestine小肠large intestine大肠rectum 直肠anus 肛门pancreas胰stomach 胃esophagus食道pharynx咽The Endocrine SystemGlands 腺体Adrenals肾上腺Pancreas胰Pituitary 脑下腺Thyroid and parathyroids 甲状腺和副甲状腺Breasts 乳房Ovaries 卵巢Testes睾丸The Nervous SystemBrain 脑Spinal cord 脊髓Vertebra脊椎Cranium颅腔Meninges脑膜Nerves神经The Musculoskeletal System 肌肉骨系统Skull 头骨Clavicle锁骨Sternum 胸骨Ribs 助骨Joints 关节Ligaments 韧带Tendons 肌腱Cartilage 软骨The Urinary and Male Reproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系统Cortex皮质Urinary膀胱Urethra尿道Ureters输尿管Kidney 肾脏Renal pelvis 肾孟Vas deferens精管Urinary bladder 膀胱prostate gland前列腺scrotum 阴囊testis 睾丸penis阴茎urethra尿道The Organs of Special Senses 特殊感觉器官Acoustic nerve听神经Ear 耳朵Hearing 听觉的tube 耳咽管Eardrum 耳骨膜Eustachian 欧式管Nasal cavities鼻腔Nose 鼻Eyelid眼睑Lens晶球体Carnea角膜Tear duct泪管Conjunctiva结膜Choroid layer 脉络膜Retina视网膜Sclera巩膜Optic nerve视神经Obstetrics & Hynecology 妇产科常用字汇Fallopian tube输卵管Ovary 卵巢Uterus子宫Vagina阴道Vulva女阴外生殖器官脑部系统cerebrum 大脑corpus callosum 胼胝体thalamus 视丘cerebellum 小脑diencephalon 间脑cerebral peduncles大脑脚infundibulum漏斗hypophysis 脑下垂体midbrain 中脑pons 桥脑medulla 延脑brain stem 脑干眼球构造pupil 瞳孔suspensory ligaments 悬韧带ciliary process捷状突retinal veins网膜静脉retinal arteries网膜动脉optic nerve视神经anterior chamber前眼房posterior chamber 後眼房iris虹膜vitreous body 玻璃状体internal rectus muscle 内直肌lacrimal puncta泪孔lacrimal canaliculi泪小管lacrimal gland 泪腺excretory lacrimal duct 泪腺管eyebrow眉毛耳朵构造cochlea 耳蜗eustachian tube 耳咽管helix 耳壳tympanic membrance 鼓膜external auditory canal 外耳道semicircular canals半规管malleus锤骨vestibulocochlear nerve前庭耳蜗神经口腔gingiva 齿龈molars 大臼齿premolars 小臼齿canines犬齿incisors 门齿vestibule of mouth 口腔前庭upper lip 上唇upper lip frenulum 上唇系带alveolar provess齿槽突hard palate硬颚palatine tonsil颚扁桃腺sublingual caruncle 舌下阜七、癌症相关单字1. gastric cancer胃癌2. pancreatic cancer胰脏癌3. colon cancer结肠癌4. rectal cancer直肠癌5. prostate cancer摄护腺癌6. nasotharyngdal carcinona鼻咽癌7. cervical cancer子宫颈癌8. lung cancer肺癌9. esophageal cancer食道癌10. bladder cancer膀胱癌11. laryngl caner喉癌12. ovarian cancer软巢癌13. liver cancer肝癌14. skin cancer皮肤癌15. breast cancer乳癌16. leukemia血癌17. bone cancer骨癌18. brain tumor脑癌19. heart disease 心脏病20. lymphoma 淋巴瘤八、医院内常见单字Hospital 医院Nursing school = nursing home 护理学校nursing home Private convalescence hospital慢性疾病或恢复期的患者寮养的私立小医院nursery school 处理幼稚园之幼儿的地方Department of Medicine = Department of Internal Medicine 内科Resident in medicine 内科住院医师Chief of Medicine 内科主任 Medical manInternist = intern = intern 实习生Internist = 内科医师House officer 医院医师的称呼Junior and senior students 医学院学生通常3或4学生Extern 医院实习生Clinical clerk 从事病历记录实习之学生Student nurse 护理学生Graduate nurse护理学校毕业的护士Registered nurse .取得考试许可证Supervisor督导护士Head nurse护士长Scrub nurse 手术助理护士Practicing physician = physician in practice = practitioner 开业医生Ambulance = ambulatory 救护车不限於车子只要是搬运病人的船或飞机Ambulant 可走动不必卧床的病人Ambulantory patient住院患者可走动May ambulate, ambulatory, up ad lib, may walkMalingerer 装病的人 malinger 装病Paretic 麻痹患者Malpractice 诊疗错误Emergency room 急诊室Ward 病房station护理站por恢复室Patient患者,病人Narcotic 麻醉药Nurse护士Doctor 医生Internist内科医生Surgeon外科医生Dentist 牙科医生Gynecologist 妇科医生Orthopedist 骨科医生Oculist 眼科医生Pediatrician 小儿科医生Psychiatrist 精神病医生Intern实习医生Examination table 诊疗台Clinical thermometer 体温计Stethoscope 听诊器Reflector 反光镜X-ray checkup X 光检查X-ray photograph X光像片Operation 手术Scalpel 手术刀Syringe 针筒Hypodermic needle 注射针Injection 注射Ice bag 冰袋Fixation forceps 固定镊Medicine, drug药品Bandage 绷带Absorbent cotton 脱脂棉Gauze 纱布Mask 口罩Wheel chair 轮椅Crutches 柺杖Ambulance 救护车Stretcher 担架Chart 病历表Prescription处方Blood pressure 血压Blood type 血型Artificial respiration 人工呼吸Pill 药丸Capsule胶囊Ointment 软膏Iodine tincture 碘酒Sedative 镇静剂Intensive care unit 加护病房Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR 心肺复苏术Intravenous drip 点滴Chemotherapy化学治疗Computerized Topography电脑断层magnetic resonance imaging核磁共振Bureau of National Health Insurance 中央健保局Fracture骨折Gypsum 石膏九、病历表内常见单字Front sheet, Summary sheet 首页,摘要表History sheet 病历表Physical examination sheet 身体检查表Physician's order sheet 医嘱单Physician's progress note 医生用病情进展记录Laboratory reports 检验报告Radiographic reports X光检查报告Nursing notes 护理记录Graphic chart 图式病历Discharge summary sheet 出院摘要Operation report 手术报告Anesthesia record 麻醉记录Consultation sheet 会诊单Intake and output sheet 摄取与排泄记录Consent or permission for operation 手术同意书Emergency room record 急诊室记录住院病历表身家调查事项identifying data or biographic dataadmission date 住院日期hospital number = chart number 病历号码room number 病房号码namesexage birth datebirth placemarital status = civil status 婚姻状况addressoccupationempolyer 雇主公司行号health insurance number 医疗保险号码referring physician 转介医生各系统的表现状况--全身状态违和感malaise = a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, indefinite bodily weakness or discomfortfeel unwell ill, poorly疲劳感.倦怠感lassitudefatiguetirednesswearinesslanguorlack of energy vigor listlessness exhaustionworn-out虚脱无力状态weaknessfeeblenesslack loss of strength debility powerlessness prostration= extreme weakness or exhaustionasthenia睡眠状态sleepslumber =light sleepa nap =a short sleepa doze = a light or fitful sleep入睡 fall asleep ; go to sleep小睡 take a nap ; take a doze ; slumber ; doze ; drowse欲睡的 sleepy ; drowsy ; somolent ; lethargic睡意sleepiness ; drowsiness ; somnolence摧睡 become= feel =get sleepy=drowsy = somnolent睡眠不足 loss= lack = want of sleep 失眠insomnia ; sleeplessness ; wakefulness ; inability to sleep失眠症的人 insomniac熟睡 sound profound sleep睡醒awake ; wake ; rouse ; awaken作梦 dream恶梦 nightmare梦游症 sleepwalking ; somnambulism梦游病者 sleep-walker ; somnambulist ; night-walker体重方面weight ; body weight体重为 weigh~ ; be ~ in weight最高 maximum最低 minimum平均 average 最适 optimum现在 present体重减少 weight loss ; loss of weight 体重增加 weight gain ; gain in weight ; increase in weight瘦 thin ; lean ; skinny瘦弱 emaciated emaciation肥胖 fat ; stout ; fatty体温状况body temperature量体温 take one's temperature发烧 fever ; pyrexia ; rise elevation of temperature ; increase in temperature发烧的 feverish ; febrile ; fevered ; pyrexic ; pyrexial无发烧的afebrile ; feverless ; apyrexial发冷 a chill ; rigor ; have a cold fit 寒颤 shiver ; shake ; shaking chills ; shivering with chills退热 fall ; drop ; go down ; abate ; remit发汗 sweating ; perspiration弛张热 remittent fever间歇热 intermittent fever连续热 continuous fever危险期 by crisis转轻期 by lysis疼痛方面偏头痛migraine ; megrim ; hemicrania ;後头部痛 occipital pain侧头部痛 temporal pain 前头部痛 frontal pain头痛 havesuffer a headache ; one's head aches ; feel a pain in the head 耳痛 earache ; sore ears ; toalgia 咽喉痛 sore throat ; pharyngalgia眼痛 have painful eyes ; one's eyes hurtsmart齿痛 toothache胸痛 chest pain心前部痛 precordial pain心绞痛 anginal pain胸股下後痛 substernal retrosternal pain胸膜炎痛 pleuritic pain腹痛abdominal pain ; bellystomach ache上腹痛 epigastric pain ; pain in theepigastrium上腹部痛 upper abdominal pain下腹部痛 lower abdominal pain左上腹部痛 left upper quadrant pain 侧腹部痛 flank pain背痛 backache腰痛 low backache ; lumbago关节痛 joint pain肌肉痛 muscular pain神经痛 neuralgia绞痛 colic ; colicky pain胆石绞痛 biliary or gallstone colic 肾石痛 renal colic痛cramps ; crampy cramping pain; spasmodic 博动痛 throbbingpounding, thumping, pulsating pain转移性痛 radiating pain ; pain with radiation牵连痛 referred pain电击痛 lightning fulgurant, shooting pain带状痛 girdle pain神经根性痛 root pain空腹痛 hunger pain夜间痛 nocturnal pain自发痛 spontaneous pain压痛 tenderness固定痛fixed steady pain灼热痛 burning pain刺状痛lancinating ; piercing ; stinging ; darting; stabbing分裂状头痛 splitting ; racking撕裂状痛 tearing ; rending ;钝痛 dull ; obtuse ;剧烈痛sharp ; excruciating ; tormenting ; torturing ; racking ; agonizingly severe不断阵痛 gnawing ; griping擦伤痛 stinging ; smarting ; sore针刺痛 pricking ; pricking呼吸器管和循环器管系统呼吸 breath ; respiration呼吸困难 difficulty in breathing ; dyspnea呼吸短促be short of breath ; shortness of breath ;be short-winded; be out of breath ; lose one's breath 深呼吸 breathe deeply 叹息 sigh ; draw a long breath喘息 pant端坐呼吸 orthopnea劳动时呼吸困难 exertional dyspnea ; difficulty in breathing on exertion physical activity夜间呼吸困难 nocturnal dyspnea呼吸快速 tachypnea ; rapid breathing 喘呜 wheeze ; wheezing打喷嚏 sneezing ; sneeze打嗝 hiccup hiccough ; singultus咳嗽 cough阵发性咳嗽 have a fit of coughing ; have a paroxysmal清喉 clear the throat乾咳dry cough ; hacking couth ; nonproductive cough有痰咳 productive cough ; cough with sputum喀痰 sputum ; phlegm ; expectorate喀血hemoptysis ; bloody expectoration粘喀痰viscid tenaceous ; thick sputum浓喀痰 frothy sputum泡沫状喀痰 mucoid sputum脓性喀痰 purulent sputum血性喀痰 bloody sputum混血喀痰 blood-streaked sputum绿色喀痰 greenish sputum锈色喀痰 rusty sputum感冒 common cold流形性感冒 influenze ; flu ; grippe 胸膜炎 pleruisy气喘 asthma心悸 palpitation悸动 palpitate ; throb脉搏暂停 pause in the pulse ; skipped pulse heart beat速脉 rapid pulse ; tachycardia徐脉 slow pulse ; bradycardia高血压high blood pressure ; hypertension ; hypotension心脏麻痹 heart attack ; heart failure ; cardiac standstill狭心症 angina =angina pectoris心脏瓣膜症 valvular disease of the heart ; leaking heart valve leaky heart动脉硬化 hardening of the arteries ; arterioscalerosis血液循环不佳have a poor circulation of blood间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication消化器官系统食欲不振 a poor weak or bad appetite ; no little appetite ; loss lack or decrease ofappetite ; anorexia食欲增进increase improvement of appetite无食欲have no little ; a poor appetite食欲旺盛have a strong voracious appetite丧失食欲 lose one's apptite空腹 an empty stomach 咀嚼 chewing ; mastication吞咽 swallow gulp吞咽困难 difficulty in swallowing ; dysphagia嗳气打噎 belching ; eructation打酸噎 sour eructation心灼热heatburn ; pyrosis ; water brash逆流 regugitation恶心nausea ; retch ; heaving ; nauseous feeling ; sickly feeling感到恶feel nausea nauseous, nauseated, sick,queasy ; retch ; heave ; feel like vomiting呕吐 vomiting ; emesis ; vomit ; throw up ; bring up ; spew呕吐物vomit ; vomitus; vomited matter咖啡渣 coffee-grounds消化 digestion消化不良 indigestion ; dyspepsia腹部饱胀abdominal distention ; bloating ; flautulence; meteorism; gassiness腹鸣borborygmus ; gurgling ; growling ; rumbling黄疸 jaundice ; icterus腹水 ascites通便 bowel movement ; bowel habit ; pass stools ; move one's bowels ; defecate ; evacuate the bowels ;下痢 diarrhea ; loose bowels ;便秘 constipation水状watery stool feces血状 bloody stool 柏油状 tarry stool泥状 mushy stool软状 loose stool硬状 hard stool呈固状 formed stool呈半固状 semiformed stool大便失禁 fecal incontinence放屁pass gas ; pass wind ; pass flatus 泌尿与生殖器官系统排尿urination ; micturition ; passvoid urine ; urinate ; micturate 尿意 urge desire to urinate尿急 urinary urgency频尿 urinary frequency夜间频尿 frequent urination during the night ; nycturia多尿 polyuria少尿 oliguria无尿 anuria排尿困难 difficulty in urination ; dysuria闭尿 urinary retention尿失禁 urinary incontinence夜间多尿 nocutria夜尿症 bed-wetting ; enuresis混浊尿 cloudy turbid urine血尿 bloody urine ; hematuria性欲 sexual desire ; libido性交 sexual intercourse ; coitus ; coition杨萎 impotence勃起 erection 射精 ejaculation早泄 premature ejaculation遗精 pollution梦遗nocturnal pollutionemission; wet dream包茎phimosis ; tightening of the foreskin prepuce割礼 circumcision性病 veneral disease .月经 menstruation ; menses ; periods ; menstrual periods初潮 menarche ; onset of menses停经 menopause更年期 climacteric ; changeof life 痛经dysmenorrhea ; painful menstruation无月经 amenorrhea ; missed periods月经过多 menrrhagia ; hypermenorrhea ; excessive bleeding; excessive flow白带 vaginal discharge阴道出血 vaginal bleeding少量时 yaginal spoting子宫出血metrorrhagia ; uterine bleeding妊娠 pregnancy ; conception怀孕 conceive ; be pregnant不妊sterility ; barrenness ; infertility ; inability to conceive 流产 abortion ; miscarriage ;人工流产induced abortion避孕contraception; birth control避孕药 contraceptive阵痛 labor 生产分娩childbirth ; delivery ; give birth to; be delivered坐月子childbed ; confinement; pueriperium ; puerperal period孕吐 morning sickness ; nausea and vomiting of pregancy骨关节与肌肉系统脱臼joint ; dislocation ; be dislocated be out of joint ; be put out of joint扭伤 sprain挫伤 sprain twist ; wrench关节炎 arthritis风湿症 theumatism痛风 gout gaut关节痛 arthralgia ; joint pain变形 deformity骨折 fracture石膏 cast ; plaster of Paris义腿肢 artificial limb肌肉痛 muscle pain ; myalgia ; sore muscle扭筋 strain ; sprain肩坚硬 stiffness in a shoulder ; a stiff shoulder ; a cramp in the calf ; leg cramp抽筋 have a cramp ; be cramped肌肉压痛tenderness of muscle ; muscular tenderness精神与神经系统意识混浊 clouding of consciousness丧失意识loss of consciousness ; unconsciousness 恢复意识 recover consciousness昏厥 fainting ; syncope昏睡 soma昏迷 stupor嗜睡somnolence ;sleepiness; drowiness ; lethargy错乱confusion ; distracted ; distraught胆妄的 delirious幻觉 hallucination痉挛 convulsion ; cramp ; spasm癫痫 epilepsy半身不遂 be paralyzed on one side ; become hemiplegic肌无力 muscular weakness步行困难 difficulty in walking说话不清 speak thickly蹒跚 stagger ; reel ; falter ; walk zigzag ; walk with an unsteady gait; reel along肌肉萎缩 atrophy of muscle左手性 left-handedness右手性 right-handedness运动失调 ataxia无感觉 loss of sensation ; numbness ; anesthesia失去感觉become numb ; loss sensibility知觉过敏 hypersthesia知觉迟钝 hypesthesia知觉异常 paresthesia神经质nervousness ; sensitive ; touchy 神经衰弱 nervous breaksown意志消沉 depressed ; in low spirits情绪佳in good mood ; cheerful ; euphoric情绪不稳定unstable ; labile capricious易受刺激 excitable ; easily excited ; irritable不安的anxious ; apprehensive ; uneasy内向的人 introvert外向的人 extrovert健忘 be forgetful ; have a poor memory漠不关心 indifferent ; nonchalant ; unconcerned自卑感 inferiority complex歇斯底里病 hysteria。

以下是一些常见的呼吸科临床术语：1.呼吸频率（Respiratory Rate）：每分钟呼吸的次数。

2.氧饱和度（Oxygen Saturation）：血液中氧气与血红蛋白结合的百分比，通常使用脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）进行非侵入性测量。

3.吸气（Inhalation）：通过口鼻吸入空气或药物。

4.呼气（Exhalation）：将肺中的空气排出体外。

5.肺活量（Lung Volume）：在不同的呼吸阶段，肺部容积和空气流动的度量。

6.气道阻力（Airway Resistance）：气道对气体流动的阻碍程度。

7.用力呼气峰值流速（Forced Expiratory Peak Flow）：通过最大的努力呼气产生的最大气流速度。

8.呼气末正压（Positive End-Expiratory Pressure，PEEP）：在呼气结束时保持在气道内的正压。

9.插管（Intubation）：通过口、鼻或气管切开等方式将导管引入气道，以确保有效的通气。

10.气胸（Pneumothorax）：气体进入胸腔，导致肺部崩溃和胸膜间隙增大。

11.支气管哮喘（Bronchial Asthma）：一种慢性炎症性疾病，导致气道收缩、充血和分泌物增多。

12.慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease，COPD）：一组慢性呼吸系统疾病，主要包括慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。

13.肺炎（Pneumonia）：肺部感染引起的肺组织炎症。

14.呼吸窘迫综合征（Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome，ARDS）：一种严重的呼吸系统疾病，特点是急性肺水肿和呼吸衰竭。

15.胸腔积液（Pleural Effusion）：在胸腔内积聚的液体，可能导致呼吸困难。

这些术语仅限于提供一般参考，如果你有特定的问题或需要更详细的解释，请咨询医生或专业的呼吸科医生。

一、内科常用字汇心血管系统The Cardiovascular SystemAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心机梗塞Electrocardiogram (DCG) 心电图Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病Hemangioma 血管瘤Vasodilatation 血管扩张Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Hypertension 高血压Hypertrophy 肥大Hypotension 低血压Varicose veins 静脉曲张血液及淋巴系统The Hemic and Lymphatic SystemAdenitis 腺炎Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病Leukocyte 白血球Leukocytopenia白血球减少Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮Splenomegaly 脾肿大Anemia贫血Aseptic 无菌的Septicemia败血症Hemostasis 止血Transfusion输血呼吸系统The Respiratory SystemPulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Mucosa 黏膜Exhale呼吸Apnea窒息Tachypnea呼吸急促Pneumonia肺炎Bronchitis支气管炎Lung Empyema 肺积脓消化系统The Digestive System Short of breath 呼吸短促Dysphasia说话困难Aphasia 失语症Aphonia失声Dysphagia 吞咽困难Gingivitis 齿龈炎Pharyngitis 咽炎Laryngitis 喉炎Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺术Gastric cancer 胃癌Gastritis 胃炎Gastroenteritis胃肠炎Gastrorrhagia胃出血Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡Peritonitis 腹膜炎Enterorrhagia 肠出血Enterorrhexis 肠破裂Appendicitis 阑尾炎Colon cancer结肠癌Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查Rectal cancer 直肠癌Anal Fistual 肛门廔管External hemorrhoid 外痔Internal hemorrhoid 内痔Excretion 排泄Hepatitis肝炎Hepatomegaly 肝肿大Gall Stone 胆结石Cholelithiasis 胆石症Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化Ascites腹水内分泌系统The Endocrine SystemGlycemia糖血症Goiter 甲状腺肿Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Bromidrosis汗臭症Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤神经系统The Nervous System Cerebral Arteriosclerosis 脑动脉硬化Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral Edema 脑水肿Cerebra Palsy脑性麻痹Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎Intracranial Hemorrhage 颅内出血Encephalitis 脑炎Electromyography 肌电图Neuritis神经炎Epilepsy 癜痫Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛Rachitis 痀偻症Rachioscoliiosis脊柱侧弯Spondylitis 脊椎炎Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪Immediately loss of consciousness 立即丧失意识Eye opening睁眼反应Verbal response 语言反应Motor response 运动反应Corneal reflex 角膜反射Plantar reflex 膝反射Sciatica坐骨神经痛Chorea 舞蹈症Muscle atrophy 肌萎缩Migraine 偏头痛Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式症Brain Swelling 脑肿胀brain Concussion 脑震荡brain Anoxia脑缺氧症brain Death 脑死肌肉骨骼系统The Musculoskeletal SystemAnterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韧带Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎Arthrosclerosis关节硬化Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏Matastatic Lesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Amputation 截肢Bone graft 骨移植Hallux Valgus大拇指外翻Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术Range of Motion 运动范围Varus 内翻Chondromalacia软骨软化症泌尿及男性生殖系统The Urinary and Male Reproductive SystemCystitis 膀胱炎Circumcision包皮环割术Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查Hydronephrosis肾水肿Renal Stone 肾结石Acute Renal Failure 急性肾衰竭Cryptorchidism 隐睾症Spermatogenesis精子生成Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 良性摄护腺肥大Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄Dysuria 排尿困难Hematuria血尿Uremia尿毒症Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染Vasoligation 输精管结扎Impotence 阳萎特殊感觉器官The Organs of Special SensesAudiometer 听力计Otitis耳炎Otorrhea耳漏Tympanitis中耳炎Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破术Nasitis鼻炎Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma鼻咽癌Rhinorrhea 鼻溢Intraocular Foreign Body 眼内异物Intraocular pressure 眼内压Oculus Uterque 双眼Oculus Sinister 左眼Oculus Dexter 右眼Extraocular Muscle 眼外肌Ophthalmologist 眼科医师Diplopia 复视Myopia 近视Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂Corneitis 角膜炎Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等Retinopexy 视网膜固定术Retinal Detachment 视网膜剥落Visual field 视野Vocal nodular 声带结节Dermatologist 皮肤科医师Dermatitis皮肤炎Cataract白内障Glaucoma青光眼综合性字汇Contraceptive避孕的Contraindication 禁忌症Biology 生物学Hyperemesis 剧吐Polydipsia剧渴Homosexual 同性的Heterosexual 异性的Inject 注射Lipoma 脂肪瘤Lipoid 脂肪样的Lipomatosis 脂肪过多症Malformaiton 畸形Malaise 不适Necrosis坏死Nocturia 夜尿症Ployuria 多尿Narcotics 麻醉药Hyperplasia 增殖Dysplasia 发育不良Dyspepsia 消化不良Prognosis 预後Antipyretic 解热剂Hydrophobia 恐水症Photophobia 畏光Antibiotic 抗生素Syndrome 症候群Hydrotherapy 水疗法Perforation 穿孔Percussion叩诊Visceralgia脏器痛二、妇产科常用字汇Genital 生殖的Gynecology 妇科Menstruation 月经Menopause 更年期Menorrhagia经血过多Amenorrhea 无月经Dysmenorrhea经痛Menarche初经Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌Cervical Erosion子宫颈糜烂Cervicitis子宫颈炎Perineum会阴Endometriosis子宫内膜异位Ovary 卵巢Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊肿Ovulation排卵Vaginitis阴道炎Colposcopy 阴道镜检法Galactocele乳腺囊肿Mammography 乳房X光摄影术Infertility 不孕症InVitro Fertilization 体外受精Amnion 羊膜Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞Hydramnion 羊水过多Anterpartal 产前的Antepartum 分娩前Chorionic Villi Sampling 绒毛膜绒毛取样Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎头骨盆不对称Artificial Insemination 人工受精Engagement 进入产位Estrogen动情基素Colostrum 初乳Termination of Pregnancy 终止怀孕Corpus Luteum 黄体Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩Venereal Disease 性病Tubal Ligation 输卵管结扎Laparoscope 腹腔镜Embryo 胚胎Ectopic Gestation 子宫外孕Primipara 初产妇Attitude of Fetus 胎儿体位Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中Multipara 经产妇Parity 经产Placenta Previa前置胎盘Postpartum 产後Postpartum hemorrhage产後出血Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血症Adolescence青春期Basal Body Temperature 基础体温Cesarean Section 剖腹产Expected Date of Confinement 预产期Fallopian Tube 输卵管Forceps 产钳Hydatidiform Mole 水囊状胎块Labor Pain阵痛Painless Labor 无痛分娩Molding胎头变形Normal Spontaneous Delivery 正常自然生产Papanicolaou Smear 子宫颈抹片检查Premature Rupture of Membrance 早期破水Progesterone黄体素Stillbrith死产Suture 缝合Stump残物Withdrawal Bleeding 停经出血三、小儿科常用字汇Apnea呼吸暂停Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血Arterio Venous Malformation 动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematoma头血肿Erythema红斑Hypospadia尿道下裂Dehydration 脱水Hydrocephalus水脑Hydrocele 阴囊积水Polydactylia多指畸形Pyoderma脓皮症Sepsis 败血症Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎Encephalitis脑炎Gastroenteritis肠胃炎Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息Cleft Palate 颚裂Diarrhea腹泻Dental Caries 龋齿Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹Torticollis斜颈Vaccine疫苗Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇Chicken pox 水痘Club foot 畸足Diphtheria白喉Dengue fever 登革热Eczema湿疹Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹Giant baby巨婴Gonorrhea 淋病Hepatitis B B型肝炎Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸Mongolian spots 蒙古斑Mumps 腮腺炎Respiratory arrest呼吸停止Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹Vomiting呕吐四、精神科常用字汇Mental retardation 智能不足autism自闭症dement 痴呆症alzheimer's dementia阿尔茲海默式形痴呆症alcoholism 酒瘾substances Intoxication 物质中毒alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒schizophrenia精神分裂病delusional Disorder 妄想性病患Major Depressive Disorder重郁症疾患phobia畏惧症obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患pedophilia恋童癖exhibitionism 暴露狂Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖Gender Identity Disorders 性别认同疾患Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症临床症状blunted affect 感情迟钝silly Laughter 傻笑apathy冷漠irritable 易怒的euphoria欣快感depression 忧郁ambivalence感情矛盾Flat Affect感情平淡suicide attempt 自杀企图queer behavior 怪异行为bizarre behavior 特异行为hypertalkative 多话hypotalkative 少话mutistic不语hyperactivity 活动过多hypoactivity 活动过少compulsive behavior 强迫行为verbigeration 重复语言catelepsy 僵直negativism阻抗行动Mannerism作态行为destrctive behavior 破坏行为autistic thinking 自闭性思考poverty of speech 言语贫乏flight of ideas 意念飞跃loosening of association 思考连结松散illogical thinking 不合逻辑思考pressure speech 言语急迫thought blocking 思考中断incoherent 语无伦次thought Withdrawal 思想退缩irrelevant 答非所问delusion 妄想delusion of persecution 被害妄想delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想Phobia 恐惧症acrophobia 惧高症algophobia 惧痛症sexual drive 性欲illusion 错觉hallucination 幻觉auditory hallucination 听幻觉disoreinatation 失去定向力amnesia记忆丧失症confabulation 虚谈症orientation 定向力judgement 判断力derealization 失真感insight病识感no insight 无病识感intellectual insight 理性的病识感true emotional insight 真正具有情绪性病识感心理学名词free association 自由联想dream analysis 梦的解析ego 自我id 原我super ego 超我ego boundary 自我界限libido 原欲scapegoat 代罪羔羊internal conflict 内在冲突conscious 意识unconscious 潜意识preconscious前意识transference 情感转移depersonalization 人格解体derealization 脱离现实neurosis神经精神病Psychosis神经病Pleasure Principle 享乐原则Reality Principle 现实原则Moral Principle 道德原则Predisposing Factors 潜在因素Precipitating Factors 诱发因素Defense Mechanism 防卫机转compensation 补偿作用conversion 转化作用denial 否认作用displacement 转移作用dissociation 解离作用fantasy 幻想作用identification 认同作用introjection 内射作用projection 外射作用retionalization 合理化作用reaction formation 反向作用degression 退化作用repression 潜抑作用suppression 压抑作用restitution 归还作用sublimation 升华作用substitution 取代作用symbolism 象徵作用undoing 抵销作用distortion 曲解作用isolation 隔离作用Cognitive behavioral Therapy认知行为治疗Empathy 同理心Resistance阻抗testing out behavior 试探行为self-awareness自我了解separation anxiety 分离焦虑reinforcement 增强原则catharsis 情绪宣泄confrontation 面质listen 倾听restraint 约束physical restraint 身体的约束chemical 药物的约束五、各科常用缩写AAAD against-advice discharge 自动出院A abdomen 腹部ADL activities of daily life 日常生活活动A/G albumin /globulin ration 白蛋白/蛋球白比例AK above knee 膝上B.BE below elbow 肘下BH body height 身高b.i.d twice a day 一日两次Bil bilateral两侧的BK below knee 膝下BM bowel movement 肠蠕动BMR basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy良性摄护腺肥大BTI biliary tract infection胆道感染BUS blood, urine, stool 血液,小便,大便BW body weight 体重C.Ca. Carcinoma 癌CBC complete blood count 全血球计数CBD common bile duct 总胆管CH cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血Chest P-A chest posterio-anterio 前後胸部CO cardiac output 心输出量CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术CPS chronic paranasal sinusitis 慢性鼻窦炎C/T chemotherapy 化学治疗法CT cerebral thrombosis 脑栓塞CT Scan computerized axial tomography scan 电脑断层检查CVA cerebral vascular accident 脑血管意外CVP central venous pressure 中心静脉压D.DC discontinue 停止D&C dilatation and curettage 扩张及刮除术DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus 白喉,百日咳,破伤风DU duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃伤E.ECG eletrocardiogram 心电图EEG electroecephalogram 脑电波图ENT ear, nose, throat 耳鼻喉F.FH family history 家族史FHS fetal heart sounds 胎心音FOU fever of unknown 不明原因发烧Fr fracture 骨折G.GB gall bladder 胆囊GI tract gastric intestinal tract 胃肠道GSR general surgical routine 一般外科常规gtt. Drops 滴GU genitourinary 生殖泌尿的GYN gynecology 妇科学HHb hemoglobin 血色素HICH hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage 高血压性脑内出血h.s. at bedtime 睡前HT Hypertension 高血压Ht. (Hct.) Hematocrit 血球容积Hx History 病例IICP Intermittent catheterization program 间歇性导尿ICU Intensive care unit 加护病房ICT Intracerebral tumor脑内肿瘤I & D Incision and drainage 切开及流IICP Increased intracranial pressure 增高胪内压Imp. Impression 臆断IM Intramuscular 肌肉内的I & O Intake and output 输入及排出IV Intravenous 静脉内的IVKO Intravenous keep open 静脉点滴维持通畅JJej. Jejunum 空肠Jt. Joint 关节KKn. Knee 膝KUB Kidney, ureter, baldder 肾、输尿管及膀胱L.LFT liver function test肝功能试验LLQ left lower quadrant 左下象限LMP last menstrual period 最後一次月经MMBD may be discharged 可出院MN midnight 午夜NNKA non known allergy 不明原因的过敏NP nothing particular 并无特别的NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌NPO nothing by mouth 禁食O.OA osteo-arthritis 骨性关节炎OB occult blood 潜血OBS obstetrics 产科OP operation 手术OPD outpatient department 门诊Ortho. Orthopaedic 骨科矫行的OS ocular sinistro 左眼OT occupational therapy 职能治疗OU Both eyes 双眼Pp.c. after meals 饭後PCT Penicillin test 盘尼西林测验PE Physical examination 身体检查PI Present illness 目前病况p.o. by mouth 由口PPU Perforated petic ulcer 穿孔性胃溃疡PT Physical therapy 物理治疗PTA Prior to admission 入院前PTN Parenteral total nutrition 肠道外的高营养QQ every 每一q.d. every day 每日q.h every hour 每小时q.i.d. four times a day 每日四次q.m. every morning 每日早晨q.n. every night 每日晚间RRA rheumatoid a arthritis 类风湿性关节炎RBC red blood cell 红血球RN registered nurse 护理师R/O rule out 可能是RR recovery room 恢复室R/T radio-therapy test 放射治疗RUQ right upper quadrant 右上象限Rx take取拿Medication 处方Treatment 治疗SSc. Subcutaneous 皮下的SOB short of breath 呼吸短促SP.g.r. specific gravity 比重S/P status/ post operation 手术後s-s half 一半St(stat) immediately 立刻Staph. Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌Tt.i.d. Three times a day 每日三次TPR Temperature, pulse, respirations 体温、脉搏、呼吸TURP Trans-urethral resection of prostate 经尿道切除摄护腺UURI Upper respiratory infection 上呼吸道感染WWBC White blood cell 白血球White blood count 白血球计数YY/O year old 年龄Z zero 零六、解剖式内外科常用字汇The cardiovascular system 心血管系统lungs 肺脏venisvessels血管capillaries微血管cardi 心脏arteriesblood clot凝血The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系统Blood 血液Red blood cell 红血球White blood cell白血球Platelet血小板The Respiratory System 呼吸系统Bronchial tube主支气管Alveoii气泡Pharynx咽Larynx喉Trachea气管Lung肺Bronchioles小支气管Pleura胸膜Chest 胸Air 气The Digestive System 消化系统Lips唇teeth 牙齿tongue舌bile duct 胆管gallbladder 胆囊duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠appendix 阑尾small intestine小肠large intestine大肠rectum 直肠anus 肛门pancreas胰stomach 胃esophagus食道pharynx咽The Endocrine SystemGlands 腺体Adrenals肾上腺Pancreas胰Pituitary 脑下腺Thyroid and parathyroids 甲状腺和副甲状腺Breasts 乳房Ovaries 卵巢Testes睾丸The Nervous SystemBrain 脑Spinal cord 脊髓Vertebra脊椎Cranium颅腔Meninges脑膜Nerves神经The Musculoskeletal System 肌肉骨系统Skull 头骨Clavicle锁骨Sternum 胸骨Ribs 助骨Joints 关节Ligaments 韧带Tendons 肌腱Cartilage 软骨The Urinary and Male Reproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系统Cortex皮质Urinary膀胱Urethra尿道Ureters输尿管Kidney 肾脏Renal pelvis 肾孟Vas deferens精管Urinary bladder 膀胱prostate gland前列腺scrotum 阴囊testis 睾丸penis阴茎urethra尿道The Organs of Special Senses 特殊感觉器官Acoustic nerve听神经Ear 耳朵Hearing 听觉的tube 耳咽管Eardrum 耳骨膜Eustachian 欧式管Nasal cavities鼻腔Nose 鼻Eyelid眼睑Lens晶球体Carnea角膜Tear duct泪管Conjunctiva结膜Choroid layer 脉络膜Retina视网膜Sclera巩膜Optic nerve视神经Obstetrics & Hynecology 妇产科常用字汇Fallopian tube输卵管Ovary 卵巢Uterus子宫Vagina阴道Vulva女阴(外生殖器官)脑部系统cerebrum 大脑corpus callosum 胼胝体thalamus 视丘cerebellum 小脑diencephalon 间脑cerebral peduncles大脑脚infundibulum漏斗hypophysis 脑下垂体midbrain 中脑pons 桥脑medulla 延脑brain stem 脑干眼球构造pupil 瞳孔suspensory ligaments 悬韧带ciliary process捷状突retinal veins网膜静脉retinal arteries网膜动脉optic nerve视神经anterior chamber前眼房posterior chamber 後眼房iris虹膜vitreous body 玻璃状体internal rectus muscle 内直肌lacrimal puncta泪孔lacrimal canaliculi泪小管lacrimal gland 泪腺excretory lacrimal duct 泪腺管eyebrow眉毛耳朵构造cochlea 耳蜗eustachian tube 耳咽管helix 耳壳tympanic membrance 鼓膜external auditory canal 外耳道semicircular canals半规管malleus锤骨vestibulocochlear nerve前庭耳蜗神经口腔gingiva 齿龈molars 大臼齿premolars 小臼齿canines犬齿incisors 门齿vestibule of mouth 口腔前庭upper lip 上唇upper lip frenulum 上唇系带alveolar provess齿槽突hard palate硬颚palatine tonsil颚扁桃腺sublingual caruncle 舌下阜七、癌症相关单字1. gastric cancer胃癌2. pancreatic cancer胰脏癌3. colon cancer结肠癌4. rectal cancer直肠癌5. prostate cancer摄护腺癌6. nasotharyngdal carcinona鼻咽癌7. cervical cancer子宫颈癌8. lung cancer肺癌9. esophageal cancer食道癌10. bladder cancer膀胱癌11. laryngl caner喉癌12. ovarian cancer软巢癌13. liver cancer肝癌14. skin cancer皮肤癌15. breast cancer乳癌16. leukemia血癌17. bone cancer骨癌18. brain tumor脑癌19. heart disease 心脏病20. lymphoma 淋巴瘤八、医院内常见单字Hospital 医院Nursing school = nursing home 护理学校(nursing home) Private convalescencehospital慢性疾病或恢复期的患者寮养的私立小医院(nursery school) 处理幼稚园之幼儿的地方Department of Medicine = Department of Internal Medicine 内科Resident in medicine 内科住院医师Chief of Medicine 内科主任(Medical man)Internist = intern = intern 实习生(Internist = 内科医师)House officer 医院医师的称呼Junior and senior students 医学院学生(通常3或4学生)Extern 医院实习生Clinical clerk 从事病历记录实习之学生Student nurse 护理学生Graduate nurse护理学校毕业的护士Registered nurse (R.N.)取得考试许可证Supervisor督导护士Head nurse护士长Scrub nurse 手术助理护士Practicing physician = physician in practice = practitioner 开业医生Ambulance = ambulatory 救护车(不限於车子只要是搬运病人的船或飞机)Ambulant 可走动不必卧床的病人Ambulantory patient住院患者可走动(May ambulate, ambulatory, up ad lib, may walk)Malingerer 装病的人(malinger 装病) Paretic 麻痹患者Malpractice 诊疗错误Emergency room 急诊室Ward 病房station护理站por恢复室Patient患者,病人Narcotic 麻醉药Nurse护士Doctor 医生Internist内科医生Surgeon外科医生Dentist 牙科医生Gynecologist 妇科医生Orthopedist 骨科医生Oculist 眼科医生Pediatrician 小儿科医生Psychiatrist 精神病医生Intern实习医生Examination table 诊疗台Clinical thermometer 体温计Stethoscope 听诊器Reflector 反光镜X-ray checkup X 光检查X-ray photograph X光像片Operation 手术Scalpel 手术刀Syringe 针筒Hypodermic needle 注射针Injection 注射Ice bag 冰袋Fixation forceps 固定镊Medicine, drug药品Bandage 绷带Absorbent cotton 脱脂棉Gauze 纱布Mask 口罩Wheel chair 轮椅Crutches 柺杖Ambulance 救护车Stretcher 担架Chart 病历表Prescription处方Blood pressure 血压Blood type 血型Artificial respiration 人工呼吸Pill 药丸Capsule胶囊Ointment 软膏Iodine tincture 碘酒Sedative 镇静剂Intensive care unit 加护病房Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏术Intravenous drip 点滴Chemotherapy化学治疗Computerized Topography电脑断层magnetic resonance imaging核磁共振Bureau of National Health Insurance 中央健保局Fracture骨折Gypsum 石膏九、病历表内常见单字Front sheet, Summary sheet 首页,摘要表History sheet 病历表Physical examination sheet 身体检查表Physician's order sheet 医嘱单Physician's progress note 医生用病情进展记录Laboratory reports 检验报告Radiographic reports X光检查报告Nursing notes 护理记录Graphic chart 图式病历Discharge summary sheet 出院摘要Operation report 手术报告Anesthesia record 麻醉记录Consultation sheet 会诊单Intake and output sheet 摄取与排泄记录Consent (or permission) for operation 手术同意书Emergency room record 急诊室记录住院病历表身家调查事项( identifying data or biographic data)admission date 住院日期hospital number = chart number 病历号码room number 病房号码namesexagebirth datebirth placemarital status = civil status 婚姻状况addressoccupationempolyer 雇主公司行号health insurance number 医疗保险号码referring physician 转介医生各系统的表现状况--全身状态违和感malaise (= a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, indefinite bodily weakness or discomfort)feel unwell (ill, poorly)疲劳感.倦怠感lassitudefatiguetirednesswearinesslanguorlack of energy (vigor) listlessnessexhaustionworn-out虚脱无力状态weaknessfeeblenesslack (loss) of strengthdebilitypowerlessnessprostration(= extreme weakness or exhaustion)asthenia睡眠状态sleepslumber (=light sleep)a nap (=a short sleep)a doze (= a light or fitful sleep)入睡fall asleep ; go to sleep小睡take a nap ; take a doze ; slumber ; doze ; drowse欲睡的sleepy ; drowsy ; somolent ; lethargic睡意sleepiness ; drowsiness ; somnolence摧睡become(= feel =get) sleepy(=drowsy = somnolent)睡眠不足loss(= lack = want) of sleep失眠insomnia ; sleeplessness ; wakefulness ; inability to sleep失眠症的人insomniac熟睡sound (profound) sleep睡醒awake ; wake ; rouse ; awaken 作梦dream恶梦nightmare梦游症sleepwalking ; somnambulism梦游病者sleep-walker ; somnambulist ; night-walker体重方面(weight ; body weight)体重为weigh~ ; be ~ in weight最高maximum最低minimum平均average最适optimum现在present体重减少weight loss ; loss of weight 体重增加weight gain ; gain in weight ; increase in weight瘦thin ; lean ; skinny瘦弱emaciated (emaciation)肥胖fat ; stout ; fatty体温状况(body temperature量体温take one's temperature发烧fever ; pyrexia ; rise (elevation) of temperature ; increase in temperature发烧的feverish ; febrile ; fevered ; pyrexic ; pyrexial无发烧的afebrile ; feverless ; apyrexial发冷a chill ; rigor ; have a cold fit 寒颤shiver ; shake ; shaking chills ; shivering with chills退热fall ; drop ; go down ; abate ; remit发汗sweating ; perspiration弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever连续热continuous fever危险期by crisis转轻期by lysis疼痛方面偏头痛migraine ; megrim ; hemicrania ;後头部痛occipital pain侧头部痛temporal pain前头部痛frontal pain头痛have(suffer) a headache ; one's head aches ; feel a pain in the head 耳痛earache ; sore ears ; toalgia咽喉痛sore throat ; pharyngalgia眼痛have painful eyes ; one's eyes hurt(smart)齿痛toothache胸痛chest pain心前部痛precordial pain心绞痛anginal pain 胸股下後痛substernal (retrosternal) pain胸膜炎痛pleuritic pain腹痛abdominal pain ; belly(stomach) ache上腹痛epigastric pain ; pain in the epigastrium上腹部痛upper abdominal pain下腹部痛lower abdominal pain左上腹部痛left upper quadrant pain 侧腹部痛flank pain背痛backache腰痛low backache ; lumbago关节痛joint pain肌肉痛muscular pain神经痛neuralgia绞痛colic ; colicky pain胆石绞痛biliary or gallstone colic肾石痛renal colic痛cramps ; crampy (cramping) pain; spasmodic博动痛throbbing(pounding, thumping, pulsating) pain转移性痛radiating pain ; pain with radiation牵连痛referred pain电击痛lightning (fulgurant, shooting) pain带状痛girdle pain神经根性痛root pain空腹痛hunger pain夜间痛nocturnal pain自发痛spontaneous pain压痛tenderness固定痛fixed (steady) pain灼热痛burning pain刺状痛lancinating ; piercing ; stinging ; darting; stabbing分裂状头痛splitting ; racking撕裂状痛tearing ; rending ;钝痛dull ; obtuse ;剧烈痛sharp ; excruciating ; tormenting ; torturing ; racking ; agonizingly severe不断阵痛gnawing ; griping擦伤痛stinging ; smarting ; sore针刺痛pricking ; pricking呼吸器管和循环器管系统呼吸breath ; respiration呼吸困难difficulty in breathing ; dyspnea呼吸短促be short of breath ; shortness of breath ;be short-winded; be out of breath ; lose one's breath 深呼吸breathe deeply叹息sigh ; draw a long breath喘息pant端坐呼吸orthopnea劳动时呼吸困难exertional dyspnea ; difficulty in breathing on exertion( physical activity)夜间呼吸困难nocturnal dyspnea呼吸快速tachypnea ; rapid breathing喘呜wheeze ; wheezing打喷嚏sneezing ; sneeze打嗝hiccup (hiccough) ; singultus咳嗽cough阵发性咳嗽have a fit of coughing ; have a paroxysmal清喉clear the throat乾咳dry cough ; hacking couth ; nonproductive cough有痰咳productive cough ; cough with sputum喀痰sputum ; phlegm ; expectorate 喀血hemoptysis ; bloody expectoration粘喀痰viscid (tenaceous ; thick ) sputum浓喀痰frothy sputum泡沫状喀痰mucoid sputum脓性喀痰purulent sputum血性喀痰bloody sputum混血喀痰blood-streaked sputum绿色喀痰greenish sputum锈色喀痰rusty sputum感冒common cold 流形性感冒influenze ; flu ; grippe上呼吸道感染upper respiratory infection (U.R.I.)胸膜炎pleruisy气喘asthma心悸palpitation悸动palpitate ; throb脉搏暂停pause in the pulse ; skipped pulse (heart beat)速脉rapid pulse ; tachycardia徐脉slow pulse ; bradycardia高血压high blood pressure ; hypertension ; hypotension心脏麻痹heart attack ; heart failure ; cardiac standstill狭心症angina (=angina pectoris)心脏瓣膜症valvular disease of the heart ; leaking heart valve (leaky heart)动脉硬化hardening of the arteries ; arterioscalerosis血液循环不佳have a poor circulation of blood间歇性跛行intermittent claudication 消化器官系统食欲不振 a poor (weak or bad) appetite ; no little appetite ; loss (lack or decrease) of appetite ; anorexia 食欲增进increase (improvement) of appetite无食欲have no (little ; a poor) appetite食欲旺盛have a strong (voracious) appetite丧失食欲lose one's apptite空腹an empty stomach咀嚼chewing ; mastication吞咽swallow gulp吞咽困难difficulty in swallowing ; dysphagia嗳气打噎belching ; eructation打酸噎sour eructation心灼热heatburn ; pyrosis ; water brash逆流regugitation恶心nausea ; retch ; heaving ; nauseous feeling ; sickly feeling感到恶feel nausea (nauseous, nauseated, sick,queasy) ; retch ; heave ; feel like vomiting呕吐vomiting ; emesis ; vomit ; throw up ; bring up ; spew呕吐物vomit ; vomitus; vomited matter咖啡渣coffee-grounds消化digestion消化不良indigestion ; dyspepsia腹部饱胀abdominal distention ; bloating ; flautulence; meteorism; gassiness腹鸣borborygmus ; gurgling ; growling ; rumbling黄疸jaundice ; icterus腹水ascites通便bowel movement ; bowel habit ; pass stools ; move one's bowels ; defecate ; evacuate the bowels ;下痢diarrhea ; loose bowels ;便秘constipation水状watery stool (feces)血状bloody stool柏油状tarry stool泥状mushy stool软状loose stool硬状hard stool呈固状formed stool呈半固状semiformed stool大便失禁fecal incontinence放屁pass gas ; pass wind ; pass flatus泌尿与生殖器官系统排尿urination ; micturition ; pass(void) urine ; urinate ; micturate 尿意urge (desire ) to urinate尿急urinary urgency频尿urinary frequency夜间频尿frequent urination during the night ; nycturia 多尿polyuria少尿oliguria无尿anuria排尿困难difficulty in urination ; dysuria闭尿urinary retention尿失禁urinary incontinence夜间多尿nocutria夜尿症bed-wetting ; enuresis混浊尿cloudy (turbid) urine血尿bloody urine ; hematuria性欲sexual desire ; libido性交sexual intercourse ; coitus ; coition杨萎impotence勃起erection射精ejaculation早泄premature ejaculation遗精pollution梦遗nocturnal pollution(emission); wet dream包茎phimosis ; tightening of the foreskin (prepuce)割礼circumcision性病veneral disease (V.D.)月经menstruation ; menses ; periods ; menstrual periods初潮menarche ; onset of menses停经menopause更年期climacteric ; changeof life痛经dysmenorrhea ; painful menstruation无月经amenorrhea ; missed periods 月经过多menrrhagia ; hypermenorrhea ; excessive bleeding; excessive flow白带vaginal discharge阴道出血vaginal bleeding少量时yaginal spoting子宫出血metrorrhagia ; uterine bleeding妊娠pregnancy ; conception怀孕conceive ; be pregnant不妊sterility ; barrenness ; infertility ;inability to conceive流产abortion ; miscarriage ;人工流产induced abortion避孕contraception; birth control避孕药contraceptive阵痛labor生产分娩childbirth ; delivery ; give birth to ; be delivered坐月子childbed ; confinement; pueriperium ; puerperal period孕吐morning sickness ; nausea and vomiting of pregancy骨关节与肌肉系统脱臼joint ; dislocation ; be dislocated be out of joint ; be put out of joint扭伤sprain挫伤sprain (twist ; wrench )关节炎arthritis风湿症theumatism痛风gout (gaut)关节痛arthralgia ; joint pain变形deformity骨折fracture石膏cast ; plaster of Paris义腿(肢) artificial limb肌肉痛muscle pain ; myalgia ; sore muscle扭筋strain ; sprain肩坚硬stiffness in a shoulder ; a stiff shoulder ; a cramp in the calf ; leg cramp抽筋have a cramp ; be cramped肌肉压痛tenderness of muscle ; muscular tenderness精神与神经系统意识混浊clouding of consciousness 丧失意识loss of consciousness ; unconsciousness恢复意识recover consciousness昏厥fainting ; syncope昏睡soma昏迷stupor嗜睡somnolence ;sleepiness; drowiness ; lethargy错乱confusion ; distracted ; distraught胆妄的delirious幻觉hallucination痉挛convulsion ; cramp ; spasm癫痫epilepsy半身不遂be paralyzed on one side ; become hemiplegic肌无力muscular weakness步行困难difficulty in walking说话不清speak thickly蹒跚stagger ; reel ; falter ; walk zigzag ; walk with an unsteady gait; reel along肌肉萎缩atrophy of muscle左手性left-handedness右手性right-handedness运动失调ataxia无感觉loss of sensation ; numbness ; anesthesia失去感觉become numb ; loss sensibility知觉过敏hypersthesia知觉迟钝hypesthesia知觉异常paresthesia神经质nervousness ; sensitive ; touchy神经衰弱nervous breaksown意志消沉depressed ; in low spirits情绪佳in good mood ; cheerful ; euphoric情绪不稳定unstable ; labile capricious易受刺激excitable ; easily excited ; irritable不安的anxious ; apprehensive ; uneasy内向的人introvert外向的人extrovert健忘be forgetful ; have a poor memory漠不关心indifferent ; nonchalant ; unconcerned。

Respiratory systemabdominal breathing 腹式呼吸abscess 脓肿acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸，痰易净（用作各种支气管与肺部疾病的辅药）acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acidosis 酸中毒acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-—支气管炎acute cor pulmonale 急性肺源性心脏病acute lung injury， ALI 急性肺损伤acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染adenosine deaminase， ADA 腺苷脱氨酶adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenopharyngitis 咽扁桃体炎adult respiratory distress syndrome ， ARDS 成人呼吸窘迫综合症aerobe 需氧菌aerodermectasia 皮下气肿aeroporotomy 呼吸道通气术（如用插管法或气管切开术）afebrile 无热（度）的,无发热病的β2-receptor agonist β2受体激动剂airway hyperresponsiveness, AHR 气道高反应性airway obstruction 气道阻塞airway remodeling 气道重塑alkalemia 碱血症alkalosis 碱中毒allergic airway inflammation， AAI 变态反应性气道炎症allergic bronchial-pulmonary aspergillosis, ABPA 变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病allergic granulomatosis 过敏性肉芽肿病allergy 变态反应性；变态反应,过敏反应alveolus （［pl.］alveoli ）肺泡amantadine 金刚烷胺(抗病毒药）ambroxol 盐酸氨溴索（化痰药）aminophylline 氨茶碱（用于舒张支气管平滑肌,平喘及利尿)amphoric breath sound 空瓮性呼吸音ampicillin 氨卡青霉素amygdala 扁桃体amygdalitis 扁桃体炎·1·anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerosis 呼吸间断（尤指新生儿）anaphylaxis 过敏性,过敏反应,过敏症anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anectasis 先天性扩张不全,原发性肺不张angina 咽峡炎，咽痛；绞痛anion gap， AG 阴离子间隙anoxia 缺氧（症）antasthmatic 止喘的，镇喘的、止喘药，镇喘药anthracosis 炭末沉着病，炭肺antibechic 镇咳的，镇咳药antibiotic 抗菌的，抗生的、抗菌素,抗生素anticancer 抗癌的anticarcinogen 抗癌药anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的、抗胆碱能药（副交感神经阻滞药）antiemetic 消水肿的,消水肿药antifebrile 解热的、解热药antifungal 抗真菌的、杀真菌药antigen—antibody reaction 抗原抗体反应antihemorrhagic 抗出血的，抗出血药物anti-infectious 抗感染的anti—infective 抗感染的,抗感染药anti—inflammatory 抗炎的，消炎的，消炎药antimycobacterial 抗分支杆菌的antineoplastic 抗肿瘤的、抗肿瘤药antiphthisic 抗痨的，抗结核的antipneumococcic 抗肺炎球菌的antispasmodic 镇痉的、镇痉药，解痉药antistaphylococcic 抗葡萄球菌的α1—antitrypsin，α1-AT α1—抗胰蛋白酶antituberculin 抗结核菌素antituberculotic 抗结核的、抗结核药antitussive 镇咳的、镇咳药apnea 呼吸暂停、窒息apneumatosis 肺无气，先天性肺不张apneumia 无肺(畸形)artificial respiration 人工呼吸asbestosis 石棉肺，石棉沉着病asphyxia 窒息aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎·2·aspirin induced asthma， ASA 阿司匹林引起的哮喘asthma 气喘，哮喘asthmatiform 气喘样的，哮喘样的asthmogenic 气喘原的，致气喘的、致喘剂atopy 遗传性过敏症auscultate 听诊auscultator 听诊者；听诊器axillary node 腋窝淋巴结bacille Calmette Guerin ， BCG 卡介菌（BCG vaccine 卡介苗) backache 背痛bacteria ( bacterium的复数）细菌bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriemia 菌血症Bamberger-Marie disease (Eugen Bamberger ; Pierre Marie)肥大性肺性骨关节病bambuterol 班布特罗(β2受体激动剂）barrel chest 桶状胸bathypnea 深呼吸bechic 咳嗽的、镇咳药beclomethasone dipropionate , BDP 二丙酸倍氯米松（糖皮质激素）benzopyrene 苯并芘benzylpenicillin 苄青霉素，青霉素Gbody mass index， BMI 体重指数Bouchut’s repspiration (jean A. E。

呼吸科英语A：Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。

(一)nose ； naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.rhinocnesmus 鼻痒11.rhinodynia 鼻痛12.rhinorrhea 鼻漏13.allergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎（二）throat ；近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术ryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ;pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛（三）glottis ；近义构型词 glotto-1．glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5．glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学（四）trachea,windpipe 近义构型词 tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.tracheoscopy 气管镜检（五）bronchus ；近义构型词 broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ；近义构型词 pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20 lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik] Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ；近义构型词 pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指 :cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap: 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大 axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣 ,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音）pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质，cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography) Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop 呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验：histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测 29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。

呼吸1——肺炎pneumonia[nju(:)'məunjə] 肺炎lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia （bronchopneumonia）小叶性肺炎（支气管肺炎）interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎Community Acquired Pneumonia （CAP）社区获得性肺炎（院外）Hospital Acquired Pneumonia （HAP）/ nosocomial pneumonia 医院获得性肺炎（院内）protected specimen brush（PBS ) 保护性毛刷bronchial alveolar lavage（BAL) 支气管肺泡灌洗Pneumococcal/Streptococcus[ˌstreptəu'kɔkəs] pneumonia 肺炎球菌肺炎Staphylococcal[ˌstæfiləʊ'kɔkəl]/Klebsiella pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎/克雷白杆菌肺炎Staphylococcus aureus/epidermis 金黄色葡萄球菌/表皮葡萄球菌Anaerobic[æneə'rəubik]/Legionaires[ˌli:dʒə'nɛə] pneumonia厌氧菌所致肺炎/军团菌肺炎Mycoplasma [ˌmaikəu'plæzmə]支原体RSV（respiratory syncytial virus）呼吸道合体细胞病毒HSV（herpes simplex virus）单纯疱疹病毒rhinovirus[ˌrainəu'vaiərəs] 鼻病毒contagious[kən'teidʒəs] adj. 传染性的,会蔓延的,会传播的Malaise[mæ'leiz] n. 不舒服、不适呼吸2——COPDChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) 慢性阻塞性肺疾病comorbidity伴随疾病sputum['spju:təm] 痰spirometry[ˌspaiə'rɔmitri] 肺活量测定法dyspnea[dis'pni:ə] 呼吸困难rhinitis[rai'naitis] 鼻炎exacerbation[eksˌæsə(:)'beiʃən] 恶化，加剧Smoking cessation 戒烟SABA/LABA 短效/长效β2受体激动剂Ipratropium 异丙托溴胺Tiotropium Bromide 噻托溴铵Aminophylline 氨茶碱Pressurized metered-dose inhalers（pMDI）气雾剂Dry powder inhalers （DPI）干粉剂Nebulizer['nebjulaizə]雾化器NIPPV 无创性间断正压通气呼吸3——支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 全球性哮喘防治建议polygenic inheritance多基因遗传atopy特应症allergy 变态反应immediate asthmatic response（IAR）速发型哮喘反应LAR 迟发型哮喘反应OAR 双相型哮喘反应inflammation in the airway 气道炎症airway hyperresponsiveness（AHR）气道高反应性non-adrenergic -non-cholinergic （NANC）非肾上腺素非胆碱能cough variant asthma（CVA）咳嗽变异性哮喘acute exacerbation 急性发作期chronic persistent period 慢性持续期relievable period 缓解期aspirin induced asthma阿司匹林哮喘exercise-induced asthma（EIA）运动性哮喘cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管肺癌呼吸4——肺结核Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri] tuberculosis [tju,bə:kju'ləusis] 肺结核Mycobacterium [,maikəubæk'tiəriəm] tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌NTM（nontuberculous mycobacterium）非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium Bovis 牛型分枝杆菌M.africanum 非洲分支杆菌M.microti 田鼠分枝杆菌cording ['kɔ:diŋ] factor ['fæktə]索状因子drug resistant 耐药mutation 突变selection 诱导CMI （cell mediated immunity）细胞介导免疫反应DTH （delay type hypersensitivity）迟发型变态反应tuberculosis empyema [empi'i:mə] 结核性脓胸PPD（purified protein derivative [di'rivətiv]）纯蛋白衍生物INH（Isoniazid [,aisəu'naiəzid]）异烟肼RFP（rifampin [rai'fæmpin]）利福平SM（streptomycin [streptə'maisin]）链霉素PZA（pyrazinamide[,pirə'zinəmaid]）吡嗪酰胺EMB（ethambutol [eθ'æmbjʊtɔl]）已胺丁醇PAS（para-aminosalicylic acid）对氨基水杨酸DOT（Directly Observed Therapy）全程督导/管理BCG（bacillus Calmette-Guérin）卡介苗呼吸5——特发性肺间质纤维化Idiopathic [ˌidiəˈpæθik] pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)特发性肺间质纤维化interstitial lung disease(ILD)间质性肺病Diffuse parenchymal lung disease(DPLD) 弥漫性肺实质性肺病Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia [nju(:)'məunjə] （IIP）特发性间质性肺炎Usual interstitial pneumonia（UIP）普通间质性肺炎Acute interstitial pneumonia（AIP）急性间质性肺炎Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia（NSIP）非特异性间质性肺炎Bronchiolitis [ˌbrɔŋkiəuˈlaitis] obliterans with organizing pneumonia(BOOP或BOD)闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Desquamative [diˈskwæmətiv] interstitial pneumonia（DIP）脱屑性间质性肺病Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia（LIP）淋巴样间质性肺病Giant cell interstitial pneumonia（GIP）巨细胞性间质性肺病Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease（RBILD）呼吸细支气管炎性间质性肺疾病cryptogenic [ˌkriptəuˈdʒenik] fibrosing pneumonia隐源性机化性肺炎sarcoidosis [ˌsɑ:kɔiˈdəusis] 结节病Transbronchial Lung Biopsy（TBLB）支气管肺活检Bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) 支气管肺泡灌洗Goodpasture’s syndrome肺出血肾炎综合征Surfactant 肺泡表面活性物质ANA 抗核抗体RF 类风湿因子呼吸6——肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism[ˌθrɔmbəuˈembəlizm]（PTE）肺血栓栓塞pulmonary embolism (PE)肺栓塞pulmonary infarction肺梗死venous thromboembolism （VTE）静脉血栓栓塞症deep venous thrombosis（DVT）深静脉血栓形成CT pulmonary arteriography[ɑ:ˌtiəriˈɔɡrəfi]肺部CT肺动脉造影MRPA核磁动脉造影PAA肺动脉造影ultrasonic cardiogram （UCG）超声心动图Pulmonary Ventilation-perfusion scanning肺通气灌注显像Antithrombin [ˌæntiˈθrɔmbin] III抗凝血酶IIITissue-type plasminogen activator(TPA)组织纤溶酶原激活物recombinant [riˈkɔmbinənt] tissue-type plasminogen activator（rt-PA重组组织纤溶酶原激活物streptokinase [ˌstreptəuˈkaineis,-neiz,-ˈki-]（SK）链激酶urokinase ˌjuərəuˈkaineis]（UK）尿激酶activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）活化部分凝血活酶时间prothrombin time （PT）凝血酶原时间INR 国际标准化比值platelet activating factors（PAF）血小板活化因子platelet-derived growth factor（PDGF）血小板衍生生长因子endothelium derived relaxing factor（EDRF）内皮细胞衍生舒张因子dyspnea [disˈpni:ə]呼吸困难hemoptysis [hiˈmɔptisis]喀血anticardiolipin [ˈæntikɑ:diəˈlipin] antibody syndrome抗心磷脂抗体综合征Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test （VDRL）性病研究实验室试验Impedance plethysmography [pliθizˈmɔɡrəfi] (IPG) 下肢阻抗体积描记术呼吸7——肺癌Lung cancer肺癌Primary bronchogenic carcinoma原发性支气管肺癌Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)小细胞肺癌Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)非小细胞肺癌Squamous cell carcinoma鳞癌Adenocacinoma腺癌Large cell carcinoma大细胞癌Adenosquamous carcinoma腺鳞癌Bronchoalveolar carcinoma细支气管肺泡癌Horner symdromePancoast癌Paraneoplastic symdromes副癌综合征Carcinoid ['kɑ:siˌnɔid] 类癌综合征呼吸8——呼吸衰竭respiratory failure[risˈpaiərətri] [ˈfeiljə] 呼吸衰竭hypoxemic respiratory failure 低氧性呼吸衰竭（I型呼吸衰竭）hypercapnic respiratory failure 高碳酸性呼吸衰竭(II型呼吸衰竭)bronchiectasis 支气管扩张pachynsis pleurae [pə'kinsis] [ˈpluərə]胸膜肥厚obstructive ventilatory disorder 阻塞性通气功能障碍restrictive ventilatory disorder 限制性通气功能障碍pulmomary shunt 肺动静脉分流dead space-like ventilation死腔样通气diffusion function 弥散功能CO2 retention CO2潴留oxygen therapy ['ɔksidʒən] [ˈθerəpi]氧疗ventilator 呼吸机invasive ventilation [in'veisiv] [venti'leiʃən]有创性机械通气acute lung injury 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征cardiac pulmonary edema（CPE）心源性肺水肿PEEP 呼气末正压通气呼吸9——肺源性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease 慢性肺源性心脏病sleep apnea syndrome 睡眠-呼吸暂停综合征pulmonary arterial hypertension（PAH）肺动脉高压remodeling 重建中毒poison/toxin 毒物induced emesis 催吐gastric lavage 洗胃blood stream decontamination therapy 血液净化治疗hemoperfusion 血液灌流急救医学Emergency medical service system (EMSS) 急诊医疗服务体系first aid 急救Emergency medical technician (EMT ) 急救医务人员Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏physical trauma 肢体外伤Medical contingency planning 医疗应急计划triage 分诊，伤员鉴别分类Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team 灾难停尸间应变小组（识别遇难者尸体）veterinary 兽医pharmacy 药房urgency (n.) 紧急Basic Life Support(BLS) 基本生命支持Advanced Life Support(ALS) 高级生命支持assessment 判断、评估AED 自动体外除颤仪broad-spectrum antibiotic 广谱抗生素inspiratory plateau pressure 吸气平台压。

呼吸系统Chapter 3 Respiratory Systemaditus laryngis 喉口anterior horn 前角anterior mediastinum 前纵隔apex of lung 肺尖aryepiglottic muscle 杓会厌肌arytenoid杓肌arytenoid articular surface 杓关节面arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨base of lung 肺底bifurcation of trachea 气管杈bronchi 支气管bronchial artery支气管动脉bronchial tree 支气管树bronchopulmonary segments 支气管肺段cardiac notch 心切迹carina of trachea 气管隆嵴choanae 鼻后孔conus elasticus 弹性圆锥costal pleura 肋胸膜costal surface 肋面costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节cricoid arch 环状软骨弓cricoid cartilage 环状软骨cricoid lamina 环状软骨板cricothyroid joint 环甲关节cricothyroid muscle 环甲肌cricotracheal ligament 环状软骨气管韧带cupula of pleura 胸膜顶diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜diaphragmatic surface 膈面epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨epiglottis 会厌ethmoidal bulb 筛泡ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗ethmoidal labyrinth 筛骨迷路external nose 外鼻fissure of glottis 声门裂glottis 声门hilum of lung 肺门horizontal fissure of right lung 水平裂inferior mediastinum 下纵隔infraglottic cavity 声门下腔intercartilaginous part 软骨间部intermediate cavity of larynx 喉中间腔intermenbranous part 膜间部laryngeal cavity 喉腔laryngeal muscle 喉肌laryngeal prominence 喉结laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭larynx 喉lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓侧肌left principal bronchus 左主支气管lingual of left lung 左肺小舌lobar bronchi 肺叶支气管lung 肺median cricothyroid ligament 环甲正中韧带median thyroarytenoid ligament 甲状舌骨正中韧带mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜mediastinal surface 纵隔面mediastinum 纵隔mmembranous wall 膜壁middle medialstinum 中纵隔muscular process 肌突nasal ala 鼻翼nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal cavity proper 固有鼻腔nasal concha 鼻甲nasal gland 鼻腺nasal limen 鼻阈nasal septum 鼻中隔nasa vestibule 鼻前庭nose 鼻nostril 鼻孔oblique arytenoids 杓斜肌oblique fissure 斜裂olfactory region 嗅区paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦parietal pleura 壁胸膜pericardial region 心包区phrennicomediastinal recess 膈纵隔隐窝pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝plica aryepiglottica 杓状会厌襞posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓后肌posterior mediastinum 后纵隔pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary ligament 肺韧带pulmonary lobule 肺小叶pulmonary segment 肺段quadrangular membrane 方形膜region of thymus 胸腺区respiratory system 呼吸系统right principal bronchus 右主支气管rima vestibule 前庭裂root of lung 肺根segmental bronchi 肺段支气管semimunar hiatus 半月裂孔sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝subcarinal angle 嵴下角superior mediastinum 上纵隔superior notch 上切迹supreme nasal concha 最上鼻甲thyroarytenoid muscle 甲杓肌thyrohyoid membrane 甲状舌骨膜thyroid articular surface 甲关节面thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨trachea 气管tracheal cartilages 气管软骨tracheal muscle 气管肌transverse arytenoids 杓横肌triticeal cartilage 麦粒软骨ventricle of larynx 喉室vestibular fold 前庭襞vestibular ligament 前庭韧带visceral pleura 脏胸膜vocal cord 声带vocal fold 声襞vocal ligament 声韧带vocal process 声带突xiphocostal angle 剑肋角vocalis 声带肌。

呼吸科英语Bronｃhial ａｓthma 支气管哮喘aｃｉdｏｓｉs酸中毒Allergen，alｌｅｒgiｃreaｃtｉon 变异原,变态反应ｂlooｄgas analysis 血气分析Ａnaemia 贫血Alvｅolar肺泡得aｎtibｉotiｃ抗生素Atelectａsis 肺不张Lung ａbscｅss 肺脓肿Athroscｌerotｉc heａrｔdiseａｓｅ动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Ｂetａ２-agonｉst B2受体激动剂Allｅrgiｃbｒｏnchopulmonary asｐeｒgｉlｌosis 曲霉菌ARDS acｕｔe ｒesｐｉrａtory ｄistreｓs ｓyndｒoｍe 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussioｎand aｕｓcultatiｏn 叩／听诊Ｐｕlmｏｎary arteｒial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glｕcocｏrtｉcｏid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiｏpｓy活检Ｂrｏnchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber oｐtiｃbｒonchｏscoｐic ｂioｐsy 纤支镜活检BAL bｒonchoａlｖｅolar lａvaｇｅ支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis，brｏnchiolitｉｓ支气管炎,细支气管炎Boop：bｒoｎchioliｔｉs obliterans witｈorｇanｉｚingｐｎeuｎomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Brｏｎｃhoｓcｏｐy 支气管镜检查CＣＡHD ｃoronarｙarteriosclｅｒotiｃｈearｔdiseasｅ冠心病ＣＰR cardｉoｐｕlmonaｒy resｕsciｔation 心肺复苏CDILD cｈrｏｎic diffuse inｔeｒstitiaｌlｕng dｉｓeasｅ慢性间质性肺病COPＤchｒｏniｃobsｔruｃｔivｅpulｍoｎaｒy diｓeasｅ慢阻肺Ｃｌuｂｂedｆｉngeｒ杵状指dｒy couｇｈ干咳Cyａnosiｓ紫绀Nｏnproductiｖeｃough干咳plicaｔion 并发症DDｙsｐnea 呼吸困难Differential diaｇnoｓｉｓ鉴别诊断Disｃｈarｇe dｉａgnoｓｉs 出院诊断EEｍｐhysemａ肺气肿pulmonａry embｏliｓm 肺栓塞Aciｄbasｅeqｕolｉbｒium 酸碱平衡etｉolｏgｙ病因学Emｐhｙｓemａｔous肺大泡Exｐecｔoratｉon 吐痰Exacｅｒbａtｉon 加重Enｄogenous内生得Exogenouｓ外生得FIｎterstitial pｕlmonary fibrｏsis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ ＧrａｍstaiｎposiｔiveGm—Ｇraｍstain negatｉｖeHHｙpersｅnsiｔｉｖity pneumoniａ过敏性肺炎Hemｏｇlｏbｉn 血红蛋白Ｈemopｔｙsｉs 咯血Hｅｍorrhaｇe 出血ＨＲCＴhigｈ–reｓolution puterizeｄｔomography 高分辨CT Hｉstology 组织学Hｙpｏxia 缺氧IIdioｐａthic inｔeｒｓtitial pneumoｎｉa 特发间质性肺炎Ｉntraｔracheaｌ气管内得Intravenous 静脉内得NNｏnｉnvasｉve vｅntilａｔioｎ无创机械通气OＯSAＳobｓｔrｕcｔｉve slｅep apneａsｙnｄromｅ阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征ＰPｕｌmonary secoｎd ｓounｄ肺动脉瓣第二心音Pｎeuｍonia 肺炎Pnｅｕmothoraｘ气胸PTE ｐulmｏｎary ｔｈrｏmboembｏｌiｓm肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilatiｏn/perｆusiｏｎratio通气血流比Ｐleurａ胸腔积液Pｒｉｍａｒｙbrｏｎchogenｉc cａrcinｏma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Proｖｏｃaｔiｏn test激发试验Parｅnｃhｙmaｌ实质得（insｔeｒsｔiａl间质得）Ｐlｕｍonary edemａ肺水肿Ｌｏbaｒpneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/３Lobulａr ｐneuｍonｉa小叶性肺炎RMoist rａlｅｓ湿罗音Drｙraｌeｓ干罗音SSaO2 ｓａturationｉn ａｒｔeriａｌｂlood 动脉血氧饱与度Ｓhoｒt of breatｈ气短Syncｏpe 晕厥Saｒcoｉdosiｓ结节病Segment 段ＴTubeｒｃuloｓｉs 结核病Tａchypｎea气促Thromboｓiｓ血栓TBLBｔraｎｓbrｏncｈial lung ｂiosｙ经支气管肺活检Thoｒａcosｃopy胸腔镜检查ＵUｐper resｐirａｔｏｒy traｃt ｉnfectioｎ上呼吸道感染WWｈeｅze 哮鸣音其她faｃilitating sputum eｘpecｔｏraｔion 排痰rｅlease of bronｃｈiaｌspasm 解痉细菌ｓteptocoｃcｕs ｐneｕmoiae肺炎链球菌staphyloｃoccus 葡萄球菌ｌegｉｏnellａ军团菌mycｏplasma 支原体chlａmydia衣原体pneｕmocoｃcus 肺炎球菌vidｅo—aｓｓisted thorａcoｓcoｐｉc—guｉｄｅd[θɔ'ｒækəskəup］胸腔镜lung bioｐｓy opｅn lｕng ｂioｐｓyｐleｕrａｌbｉopsyｂiopsy of enlargｅdｌymph nodeｓD－Dimeｒselectroｃardiograｍ(EＣＧ)心电图echocardioｇraｍ超声心动图V／Ｑisｏｔope[’aｉｓəuｔəup] 同位素scan( ventilａtion/perｆusion scanning）spｉral螺旋CＴ/MRA （MagnetiｃＲesonaｎｃe Anｇiｏgraｐhy［,æｎdʒi'ɔɡrəfi］血管造影术）pulmｏｎaｒy angｉoｇraphyDｏpplｅｒ［’dɔplə］多普勒USS ｔｈigh［θai］大腿aｎd ｐeｌvis［'pelvis］骨盆(USS: ｕlｔrasounｄｓcanｎiｎg）ｃａrdｉaｃmoｎitorPSG( pｏlｙsｏmmｏgraｐhy）常见得病名ｄiseasesａcute ｕpperｒｅspirａｔｏry ｔｒaｃt inｆection 急性上呼吸道感染mon coｌｄ普通感冒infｌuｅnza流感[,infｌu’enｚə]pｈaｒyniｇitis 咽炎pｈaryngａｌgia[færin＇ｇæｌdʒiə］咽痛acｕtｅbｒonｃho-ｂｒoｎcｈiｔiｓ急性气管-支气管炎4/１４ｐneumonia肺炎ｍuｎiｔｙaｃqｕiｒed ｐｎeuｍoｎｉａ(CＡP）社区获得性肺炎hｏsｐital acquirｅd pnｅumonｉa （HＡＰ）医院获得性肺炎ｎosoｉcaｌｐｎeumonia (ＮP）医院内肺炎brｏnｃhieｃtasis 支气管扩张ｃhｏｒnic ｂrｏｎｃhitｉs慢性支气管炎ｐulmonａry ｅｍphysema 肺气肿chｒoｎic obstｒuctiｖe pulmonaｒy dｉｓeａsｅ（acｕte exaｃerbａtｉｎｇ) ＡECOPD COPD急性发作bｒｏnchiａl asthma 支气管哮喘allｅｒgic rｈinｉtis［rai＇naitis］过敏性鼻炎respiratory faｉｌure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess肺脓肿pulmonaｒｙｔｕbeｒculosis 肺结核病ｌunｇcancer：肺癌ｐrimaｒy broｎchｏgenic carcｉnoma 原发性支气管肺癌sｑｕamｏus［＇sｋwｅiməｓ］ceｌｌcａrcinoma鳞癌adenoｃarcinｏｍa 腺癌［＇ædəｎəu，kɑ：si’ｎəｕmə］bronchｏａlｖｅolar cｅｌlｃarcｉnoｍa 支气管肺泡细胞癌ｓmallｃｅlｌlunｇｃａｒｃinoma (SＣLC）小细胞肺癌pulmｏnary ｍｅtａｓｔaｓｉs 肺转移瘤［mə'tæstəsｉs］ｐｕlmonary emｂolism (ＰE）肺栓塞pulmonaｒy tｈrｏmboembｏlisｍ(PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[，θrɔmbəｕ’embəlizəm] puｌmonary infarｃtioｎ肺梗死deｅp ｖeｎous tｈrombosｉs ，DＶT 深静脉血栓形成emｐｙemａ脓胸[,empai'ｉ：mə］ｐneumothorａｘ气胸pyopneｕｍotｈoraｘ脓气胸［’paｉəu,nju:məu’θɔ:ｒæks]chrｏnic sｕppurａtive diｓｅase 慢性化脓性疾病[’sʌpjuərətiv，-reｉtｉv］ｃongenｉtaｌｃyanｏｔic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[，saiə'ｎɔtik]ｃｏr pｕlmonaｌe 肺源性心脏病［’kɔ:，pumə’næli］pulmonary hyｐｅrtension 肺动脉高压pulｍonaｒy encｅphａｌopaｔｈy 肺性脑病［en，sefə'lɔpəθi］riｇht hｅart faｉlurｅ；rigｈt—sｉdｅd heａrt faｉlｕrｅ右心衰竭ｐｕlmｏｎary ｖａｓculａｒｄｉseaｓes肺血管疾病iｎterstitiaｌlung disｅasｅ, IＬD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiｏpathic pulmonａrｙfibｒosｉs, IＰF特发性肺纤维化［,idｉə'pæθｉｋ］crｙptogenic[，ｋｒipｔəｕ＇ｄʒｅnik］隐源性得fiｂｒｏsing alvｅoｌitｉs,CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎coｎnective ｔisｓue relａteｄｌung ｄiseaseｓ结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemｉc ｌupｕs[＇lju：pəｓ］狼疮ｅryｔhｅmatｏsus，SLＥ系统性红斑狼疮derｍatomyｏsiｔｉs 皮肌炎ｓａｒｃoidｏsis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi’dəｕsｉs］Ｐulmｏnary alveｏｌarｐroteinosｉｓ[，prəｕtii＇nəuｓｉs］,PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Iｄiopatｈic pulmoｎary hemosiｄeｒosis ［'ｈi:məu，ｓidə'ｒəｕsｉs，，ｈem—］特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Laｎgerｈａns ｃell graｎｕlomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病[’ɡrænjｕ，ləumə'təｕsｉs］Eｏsinopｈilicｇｒａnuloｍa 嗜酸性肉芽肿[，i:əｓinə＇filik]Hisｔiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XＷeｇｅner granｕlｏｍatosis Weｇener肉芽肿eｘtrinsic ａllergic alｖｅolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneｕmoconｉosis 尘肺[’nju：mə,kəuｎi＇əusis］dｒuｇ—inｄuced luｎg disease 药物性肺病aｓｐｅrｇiｌlosiｓ[æ，spə:dʒi’ləusis］曲菌病:alｌｅrｇｉc bronchopuｌmｏｎary asperg ｉｌlosiｓ（ＡBPＡ）pleuraｌdｉsease胸膜疾病ｂronｃhｏ—pｌｅural fisｔｕla支气管胸膜瘘［'fistjuｌə]oral candｉｄiasiｓ口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮［，kændｉ’dａｉəsｉs］oｓtｅoporoｔic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaｕa青光眼cataract白内障ａｃute luｎg injuｒｙ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute resｐiratoｒy distｒess syndｒｏｍe ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征ｕrｔiｃaria荨麻疹ｅczeｍａ湿疹hyｐｅｒｔensioｎ高血压ｄｉabetes 糖尿病be ａdmiｎｉsｔerｅd，treａｔｓb、wiｔh emｐirｉｃａl经验性得，prophｙlａcｔic[，ｐｒɔfi'lækｔik，，prəu—］预防性, remedial[ｒi＇ｍi:ｄｉəｌ］治疗性Ｅxpectoraｎｔ祛痰药[ｅks'ｐekｔərənt］Ｍｕcolytｉcs 粘液溶解剂［，ｍju:kəu’litｉk］常用得药物drｕg ｓoｒaｇentsbroｎｃhoｄilaｔoｒ支气管扩张剂［，ｂrɔŋkəudaｉ’ｌeｉtə]B2-agonistｓ［'æɡəｎiｓｔ］兴奋剂：shoｒt－acｔing ：salｂｕtaｍol沙丁胺醇［sæl＇ｂju:təmɔ（:)ｌ］long－actinｇ: sａlmｅｔeroｌ沙美特罗mｕscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样得aｎtａgonｉsｔs［æｎ’tæɡəniｓt]对抗剂:ipratｒopi ｕm bromiｄe['bｒəumaiｄ] 异丙托溴胺aｍiｎｏｐhylliｎe 氨茶碱［ə，mi：nəu'fili:n］ｓterｏidｓ［’ｓtiərɔid]类固醇iｎhalｅｄ：budesｏnｉde 布地奈ｐo(ｐeｒ德, os）、，beclometｈａsone［，ｂｅkｌəｕ’meθəsəuｎ］倍氯米松,ｆlｕｔicａｓone氟替卡松ｓｙstemｉc:prednｉsolone［＇preｄ＇nｉsəｌəun］强得松hyｄrocｏｒｔisｏnｅ[,haidrəu＇kɔ：tiｚəun] 氢化可得松ｉv、mast cell sｔabilｉzｅrｓ：cromｏglycateｓodium色甘酸钠leｕkoｔｒｉｅｎe[，lｊu：ｋəu’traiən]白三烯reｃeｐtor aｎｔａgoｎiｓｔs：ｍontelｕｋaｓt孟鲁司特respiraｔoｒy sｔiｍｕlanｔs：lobeline6／14nikethamidｅ[ni＇ｋeθəmaid, －mｉd]尼可刹米cardｉaｃtｏnｉｃ强心剂ｄiurｅｔiｃs 利尿剂［,dａiｊuə’ｒｅｔik］ａlbumiｎ白蛋白[’æｌbjumin］ａntｉtuｓsive agｅnｔｓ镇咳药[,ænti’tʌsiv］aｍｍonium chlｏride氯化铵[ə’ｍəunjəm］铵［’klɔ:ｒaid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索(ｍucosolvaｎ沐舒坦)Paｎtｏlｏｃ潘妥洛克常用得治疗措施lｏｗｏr hiｇh flow oxygen：nasａl ｃａnnuｌae［'kænjｕli:］鼻导管，Venturｉ[veｎ'tj ｕəｒi]文里氏ｆａｃｅ-mask nebuliｚer［’ｎebｊｕlａｉｚə］喷雾器：fｉnｅr parｔicｌe ｓize （3to ２0um）ａｌlｏwｓtracheｏbronｃhial ｄｅpositionmeｔｅred doｓe ｉnhaler (ＭDI）定量雾化吸入器via iｎtｕｂatｉon[，inｔｊu：’bｅiʃən］插管,ｔrａcｈeｏｓtomy［,ｔræki'ɔstəmi，，trei-］气管造口术，tｒacheoｔomy[,ｔræki’ɔｔəmi, ，tｒei—]气管切开术）sｙnchroｎizｅd intermitｔｅｎｔmandatｏｒy vｅｎtｉlatｉon,SIMV 同步间歇指令通气preｓsurｅsuppｏｒt ventilatｉon，PＳV压力支持通气thoracｏｃeｎtｅｓis 胸腔穿刺术［，θɔ：rəkəseｎ’tesiｓ］chｅsｔdraiｎ／ｄrainａge 引流术ｃhemotherａｐy 化疗raｄiatioｎtheｒapy 放疗pnｅumoneｃtomy 肺切除术［，ｎｊｕ：məu'ｎeｋｔəmi]lobeｃtoｍy ｏf lｕng，ｐuｌmonaryｌobectomy肺叶切除术［ｌəｕ＇bekｔəmi］叶切除术thoracｏtoｍy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[，θɔ:rə＇ｋɔtəmi］plｅurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurｅctomy胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thrｏmboendarｔｅreｃtomｙ血栓动脉内膜切除术inｆerior vena cava ｆiltｅr下腔静脉过滤器cysｔic['ｓistｉk］囊性得/variｃｏｓe［'væriｋəuｓ］曲张样/ｃyclindｒｉcal柱状-trａｍ－ｔraｃｋs轨道样hｅmoptyｓisｄeｖｉatioｎ：traｃhea ａｎd apex [＇eipeks]尖端ｓhift contralaterａlly对立得旁边ＣＸR: tｒanslucｅnｃｙ[trænz’lｊu:səｎsi] 半透明＋ｃolｌapse倒塌：visible rim边缘ｒefraｃtoｒy or reｃｕｒrent周期性得：plｅurodesｉｓ胸膜固定术，pｌeuｒectｏmy［ｐlｕ’rektəmi]胸膜切除术，ｂｕllａ['bulə］大疱sｔapling装订or laｓeriｎg激光常用得化疗药９/14cisｐlatｉｎ顺铂Geｍcｉtａｂine吉西她滨：Ｇｅmｚar(盐酸吉西她滨注射剂) pａclitａxel; ｔaxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）ｄocｅｔaxel多西她赛(泰素帝) 常见得抗生素beｔa-lacｔａm antiｂiotics: ｉnｈｉbiｔｃｅll wall synｔhesｉｓpｅｎｉｃｉlliｎｓkin tｅstamoxｉcilｌｉｎ阿莫西林piperacilｌin/ｔａzobactａm sｏｄiｕm 哌拉西林/她唑巴坦钠ticarcilliｎ／cｌａvulａｎａｔe potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾ｃepｈamycin头孢菌素类ｃefradiｎｅ头孢拉啶cｅｆacloｒ头孢克洛ｃefoperａzone/sulbａctａm 头孢哌酮／舒巴坦ceｆtｒｉａxone头孢曲松cefpiraｍide 头孢吡啶cｅftazｉdｉme 头孢她定cefｔｉzoxime头孢唑污cａrbｏpeneｍs碳青霉烯类azacｔａm氨曲南meｒopｅnem美罗培南ｉmiｐｅneｍａnｄｓodiuｍciｌａｓｔａtｉn 亚胺培南/西司她丁钠（泰能tｉenａm）Gｌｙｃopeptｉdeｓ糖肽类ｉｎhibit cell walｌassembly ｖanyｃin万古霉素ｎorvanｙcｉｎ去甲万古霉素teicoplａniｎ替考拉林Macrｏｌidｅs大环内酯类: inｈiｂit pｒoｔｅin ｓynthesiｓroxithrｏmｙcin 罗红霉素ｃlａriｔｈromycin克拉霉素aｚｉthｒomyciｎ阿奇霉素erythｒomycin 红霉素Aminogｌycｏｓｉdｅantibiotics：氨基糖苷类ｒenｏ- ａnｄｏtotｏxiｃiｎhibiｔｉnitiａtion aｎd ｅlｏnｇａtion proｃess during prｏtｅin syｎthｅｓisａmikacin阿米卡星（丁胺卡那)ｇｅntamicin 庆大霉素stｒepｔoｍyｃin链霉素Ｓｕlfamiｄｏ磺胺类sｕlｆamｅthoｘazolｅpoｕｎｄ(ＳMZ、CO）Qｕinoloneｓ喹诺酮类：inhibｉtＤNA gｙrａｓｅnorfloｘaｃin 诺氟沙星ｏfｌoｘacin 氧氟沙星levｏfloｘａｃin 左氧氟沙星ｇaｔiflｏｘacin 加替沙星moxifｌoxacin 莫西沙星cｉｐroｆｌoｘacin 环丙沙星Tｅｔｒacycｌine 四环素类minｏcyｃｌiｎｅ美满霉素Nitromidａzole 硝基咪唑类ｍet ｒoniｄazole 甲硝唑tｉniｄａzole替硝唑ornidazｏｌe 奥硝唑Ａntitubeｒculａr agents抗结核药rｉfａmｐicin利福平ｒifapｅnｔｉne 利福喷丁isonｉaziｄe, isonicotinic ｈｙｄraziｄe aｃid IＮH 异烟肼pyraｚinaｍidｅ吡嗪酰胺ethaｍbuｔoｌ乙胺丁醇Antifuｎgal/anｔimｙcotｉc drug 抗真菌药nyｓｔatin 制霉菌素ａmphoterｉcin 两性霉素Ｂfluｃｏｎaｚolｅ氟康唑vorｉconazoｌe 伏立康唑itraｃｏｎazｏle 伊曲康唑Ａntivirｕs ａgeｎtｓribaviriｎ利巴韦林oseltａmivir 奥司她韦acycloｖｉｒ阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦vａｌaｃiｃｌovｉｒ伐昔洛韦foscarnet soｄiｕm，phosphonｏｆoｒｍｉcａcｉd膦甲酸钠（可耐）lａmiｖudiｎe 拉米夫定ｅnｔｅcaｖｉr 恩替卡韦常见得病原微生物ｍｉcｒoorganｉsm, mｉcrobe 微生物bacteriｕｍ细菌liｐopoｌyｓacｃhariｄe （LPS)脂多糖antiｂioｔics 抗生素ｐyｒogｅn 致热原eｘotoｘin 外毒素endotｏxin 内毒素Gｒam ｓtain 革兰染色Colonyｆoｒmｉng unit，CFU 集落形成单位aｎtiｂacterial agents 抗菌药reｓｉstance 耐药性ESBＬs：extendｅd ｓpectｒuｍB-ｌａctamaseｓ超光谱B内酰胺酶ＭRSＡ: methiｃiｌlｉn-rｅsistant ｓtａphｙlococcｕs ａｕreus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bactereｍia菌血症toxemia 毒血症1１/14ｅｎdｏｔoｘemia 内毒素血症ｓepticａｅmia 败血症pyemiａ脓毒血症pathoｇen 致病原pathｏgｅｎicitｙ致病性ｖirｕlｅnce 毒力medｉan lethal dose （ＬＤ５０）半数致死量mediａn ｉnｆectiｖeｄosｅ（ID50）半数感染量vｉruｓ病毒reｐliｃation 复制vｉremｉa 病毒血症nｏｒmal micrｏbiｏta，mｉcroflorａ,norｍａｌｆloｒa, physioloｇiｃalｍｉcrobiota 正常微生物群fｌｏra dｉseｑuｉｌｉbｒium 菌群失调ｄｙsbacteriosis 菌群失调症opｐｏrtunｉstic infeｃtｉoｎ机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染enｄogｅnous iｎfection内源性感染ｅxoｇeｎous infectｉon外源性感染aｎｔimｉcroｂiａl susceptiｂiliｔｙtｅｓｔｉng 药物敏感试验miｎimuｍinｈibitoryｃoｎcenｔraｔioｎ(MIC）最小抑菌浓度minimum bacterｉｃiｄalｃoncentration （MＢＣ）最小杀菌浓度disiｎfectｉoｎ消毒sｔerilｉzatioｎ灭菌asepｓis 无菌asepｔic teｃｈｎiquｅ无菌技术baｃteriostasis 抑菌ａntisepsis防腐disinfeｃtａnｔ消毒剂baｃｔeriostatiｃａgenｔ抑菌剂bacｔericide 杀菌剂autocｌaving or ｓｔｅａm ｕｎder pｒesｓure ｓtｅrilｉzation 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviｏｌｅt rａdiａtion,UV 紫外线isolatｉｏｎpｒecautｉon 隔离预防artｉｆicial acｔive immｕniｚatiｏn 人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种kｉllｅd/iｎactivaｔｅd vaccｉnｅ死/灭活疫苗attentｕated lｉvｅvaｃciｎe减毒活疫苗ｔoxｏid 类毒素aｒtｉficiａｌpａssive iｍmuniｔy人工被动免疫anｔitoｘin 抗毒素gaｍmａglｏbｕlin丙种球蛋白Ｓtapｈｙlocoｃｃuｓａureus金黄色葡萄球菌Coaguｌａse－ｎegative sｔaphylococｃｉ凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Ｓｔａphylococcusｅpideｒmidiｓ表皮葡萄球菌12／14Sｔrepｔｏcｏccuｓpnｅumoniae ，pｎｅumococｃuｓ肺炎链球菌Virｉdansｓtrepｔoｃocci 草绿色链球菌Eschｅｒichia ｃｏli大肠埃希菌Ｋlebsiｅlla pneumｏniａｅ肺炎克雷伯菌Pseｕdｏｍｏnas aｅｒugiｎosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophiluｓｉnｆluｅnzae流感嗜血杆菌Lｅgｉｏnella军团杆菌属Enterｏbaｃter cｌoacａe 阴沟肠杆菌Serｒａtia 沙雷菌属Proｔｅus vｕlgａris 普通变形杆菌Acineｂａcter 不动杆菌属Ｎeisseｒｉa meningｉｔis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria goｎorｒhoeae，gonocｏcｃｕｓ淋病奈瑟菌Shigｅllａ, dyseｎtｅry bacｔerium 痢疾杆菌Ｓaｌmoneｌlａｔyphｉ伤寒沙门菌Ｖiｂｒiｏcholｅrae 霍乱弧菌Helｉｃoｂａｃteｒｐylori幽门螺杆菌Ｃaｍpylｏbaｃteｒjｅjｕnｉ空肠弯曲菌Mycobａcteｒium,ａｃid-ｆaｓｔbａcilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycoｂａcteriｕｍｔuｂercｕlｏsiｓ,tuberclｅｂacillus结核分枝杆菌Pｕｒifｉed protein dｅriｖaｔｅ, ＰPＤOld tｕbｅrculin,OＴＡtypical mycobacｔeria 非结核分枝杆菌Ｍyｃobacteｒiuｍleprae 麻风分枝杆菌Ａnaeｒｏbiｃbacｔeｒial 厌氧性细菌Ｃlosｔｒidｉｕm teｔaｎi 破伤风梭菌Cｌｏｓtridum perfrinｇeｎs产气荚膜梭菌Clｏstridｕm boｔuｌｉnum 肉毒梭菌Cloｓtｒｉduｍｄｉfｆｉcilｅ艰难梭菌antiｂｉotiｃ—aｓsociatedｄiarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseuｄomemｂｒanous cｏlitis 假膜性结肠炎Coｒynebacteriｕm diphtheriaｅ白喉棒状杆菌Yｅrsｉniａ耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Acｔinoｍycｅs 放线菌属Treponeｍa ｐallidｕｍ梅毒螺旋体(苍白密螺旋体）Veｎereaｌdｉseaseｒｅferencｅｌaboｒaｔory（VDＲL)Rapｉｄplasma regaｉn （RＰR)Ｍycopｌａｓma pneuｍoniae肺炎支原体Chlａmｙｄia tracｈomatis沙眼衣原体Vｉruｓｅｓaｓsoｃｉａted wｉth ｒeｓpｉratoryｉｎfectｉoｎs呼吸道病毒Iｎｆｌuenzaｖiruｓ流感病毒Parainfｌｕｅnza virｕs 副流感病毒Respiraｔｏrｙsynｃytial vｉruｓ，RＳV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/１4Cｏｒonａｖirｕs 冠状病毒Seｖere acｕte rｅspｉｒａtory syndrｏｍｅ, SＡRSＡｄｅｎｏｖirus 腺病毒Rｕbellａviｒuｓ风疹病毒Rhinovｉrｕs鼻病毒Enｔerovｉｒｕｓ肠道病毒Rotａvirus 轮状病毒hepatｉtｉs Ｂｖirus 乙型肝炎病毒Ｅnｃephaｌitis Ｂvirｕs流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantａvｉrus 汉坦病毒Vｉral heｍoｒｒｈagic ｆｅver 病毒性出血热Ｈerｐｅs simplex virｕs，ＨSV 单纯疱疹病毒Vaｒｉｃeｌla-Ｚosｔeｒｖiｒus,VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cyｔomegalｏvirus，CMＶ巨细胞病毒Epstein—Bａrr ｖiｒｕｓ，EBＶＥB病毒Hｕman herｐeｓvｉrus ６，HHV-6人疱疹病毒６型Humａn papillomａｖiruses，ＨＰV 人乳头状瘤病毒Huｍａｎimmunodeｆiｃｉency virus,HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquｉｒeｄimmｕnodeficieｎcy syndroｍe，AIDSHuｍan Ｔ－lｙmphotropｉcｖiｒuｓ，ＨTLV人T淋巴细胞病毒Aｄult T—cell ｌｅukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Ｒａbies viｒｕs 风疹病毒Funｇuｓ真菌Ｙeast酵母Spore 孢子Hypｈa 菌丝Dermaｔｏphytes 皮肤癣菌Trｉchopｈｙｔoｎ毛癣菌属Eｐiderｍophyｔon 表皮癣菌属Tiｎｅａ癣Histopｌaｓｍa 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosｉs组织胞浆菌病Ｓaccharｏｍｙｃes albicaｎs，candiｄａaｌbｉcans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Caｎdｉdiasis 念珠菌病Crｙptocoｃcus nｅoforｍans 新生隐球菌Pneｕｍocyｓtis cａrｉnii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pnｅumocystｉｓcａrinii pneｕmｏnia,ＰCＰ卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Ａsperｇillus 曲霉菌Mｕcor 毛霉菌属。

呼吸系统常见英语English: The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the body. There are several common respiratory conditions that can affect the system, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Asthma is a chronic condition that causes inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing and wheezing. COPD is a progressive lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, causing shortness of breath and coughing. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation and fluid buildup, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viruses or bacteria, resulting in coughing and mucus production. Lung cancer is a serious condition where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as persistent cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath.中文翻译: 呼吸系统负责体内氧气的摄入和二氧化碳的释放。