0904 2014同等学力英语阅读理解冲刺试题及答案6-2

同等学力英语/yydk/ 2014年同等学力英语第二阶段阅读理解(三)前面同等学力英语第一阶段词汇大家已经有所掌握了，下面进行同等学力英语的第二阶段的练习，此阶段主要加强考生们做阅读理解的能力。

Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) ofenvironmental claims made by household products, according to a "green labeling"study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the report's more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a Germanfertilizer described itself as "earthworm friendly" a brand of flour said itwas "non-polluting" and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentallyfriendlier"The study was written and researched by Britain's National ConsumerCouncil (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by theGerman and Dutch governments and the European Commission." While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear thereis a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about theenvironmental impact of products they buy," said Consumers Internationaldirector Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, WesternEurope, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold inGermany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent(洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test theclaims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the InternationalStandards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards."Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seemenvironmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,"said report researcher Philip Page."Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Householdcleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third onour list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be forconsumers to sort the true from the misleading." he said.The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on productpackaging, because terms such as "environmentally friendly" and "non-polluting" cannot be verified. "What we are now pushing for is to havemultinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO." said Page.11. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ________.A) all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standardsB) the claims made by products are often unclear or deceivingC) consumers would believe many of the manufactures' claimD) few products actually prove to be environment friendly12. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers ________.A) are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB) are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelingC) are becoming more aware of the effects different products have onthe environmentD) still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment13. A study was carried out by Britain's NCC to ________.A) find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standardsB) inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the productsthey buyC) examine claims made by products against ISO standardsD) revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization14. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?A) They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.B) Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.C) They could arouse widespread anger among consumer.D) Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don't need.15. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ________.A) make product labeling satisfy ISO requirementsB) see all household products meet environmental standardsC) warn consumers of the danger of so-called green productsD) verify the efforts of non-polluting products【参考答案】11.B 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.A。

新阳光2014年同等学力英语模考试卷第四套答案解析Part ⅠDialogue Communication Section A 1. 本题选C 。

解析：根据Man 的回答：“我想看一下小镇租个房子”，可以知道，Woman 应该是问对方需不需要帮助。

因此选C 。

2. 本题选A 。

解析：根据Woman 问：“我可以知道你的名字吗？”，可以直接把答案确定为A 。

3. 本题选B 。

解析：根据下面Man 的回答“最好是在镇中心。

”，可以知道，Woman 问的是地理位置。

4. 本题选C 。

解析：根据Anne 的回答“不用麻烦了”，可以知道她是要自己做。

5. 本题选A 。

解析：根据下面Anne 的回答“你知道，我才刚刚学会做。

”，可知，John 应该是在夸赞Anne 。

6. 本题选B 。

解析：将前面两项排除，只剩下B 。

Section B7. 本题选D 。

解析：根据前半句“我将要了解一些你的信息”，应该推测出来下半句应该及时补充说明这个了解信息的过程不会太长。

8. 本题选C 。

解析：Man 已经表明了要开一个活期账户，因此，Woman 应该拿出相应的表格为他进行办理手续。

故选C 。

9.本题选B 。

新阳光教育解析：根据Man 的回答出了自己的名字，应该推测出，Woman 是问了他的姓名。

10. 本题选A 。

解析：will 开头的一般疑问句要用Yes 或者No 来作答，因此选A 。

Part II Vocabulary11. 本题选A 。

解析：动词词义辨析。

disclose 公开，揭露；reveal 揭露，暴露；conceal 隐藏；disguise伪装；claim 声称；要求。

句意：警方透露，两名官员在接受内部调查。

12. 本题选C 。

解析：动词词义辨析。

manufacture 捏造，虚构；produce 生产；shape 塑造；forge伪造；manage 经营，管理。

句意：她坚持说这个故事里不体面的细节全是捏造。

2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12014 National Grade Special Examination for Postgraduates (English) Questions and AnswersSection I: Vocabulary and GrammarPart A: Vocabulary and Structure1. After the new railway line _________, the small village________ by tourists.A. has been open; has been visitedB. will be open; will be visitedC. is open; is visitedD. was open; has visited2. “I must apologize for my mistake,” said the manager. “It ______ not happen again.”A. willB. shouldD. would3. We knew so little about the causes of cancer that for many years treatment was mainly _______ at relieving the pain and suffering of patients.A. aimedB. attemptedC. directedD. intended4. The cardinal rule of camping in the wilderness is to leave no trace ________ you have been there.A. so thatB. now thatC. thanD. that5. The firemen were ______ about how the fire started, and were investigating the matter.A. arbitraryC. puzzledD. sensitivePart B: Sentence Completion6. The sample submitted to the lab was so ______ that it was difficult to measure accurately.7. After ________ in the storm for several hours, the rescue team finally found the missing hikers.8. Instead of being ________ about the future, we should focus on the present and make the most of our opportunities.Answer Key:1. C2. D3. A4. D5. C6. concentrated7. battling8. apprehensiveSection II: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1According to the passage, what are some potential benefits of artificial intelligence?A. Increased efficiency in the workplaceB. Improved decision-making processesC. Enhanced healthcare servicesD. All of the abovePassage 2What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of combating climate changeB. The role of renewable energy sources in reducing pollutionC. The potential benefits of transitioning to a low-carbon economyD. The challenges of implementing sustainable energy solutionsPassage 3Which of the following statements about the importance of sleep is supported by the passage?A. Regular sleep patterns can improve memory and cognitive functionB. Lack of sleep can contribute to a higher risk of chronic health conditionsC. The body undergoes important processes during sleep that aid in overall well-beingD. All of the aboveAnswer Key:Passage 1: DPassage 2: CPassage 3: DOverall, the 2014 National Grade Special Examination for Postgraduates tested a range of vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills. Candidates were required to demonstrate their understanding and ability to analyze various topics in English.篇22014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)It is common belief that money can’t buy happiness. However, some psychologists and economists believe that there is a strong 1 between money and happiness. They argue that happiness is related to income, but the 2 is not very strong. According to them, a person’s well-being increases with income up to a certain point, but the benefits of having more money level off afterwards.Do higher incomes result in greater happiness? In 3 with most previous studies, a research 4 by economists Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton in 2010 found that money does have an effect on people’s emotional well-being, but the effect 5 off at a relatively low level of income. They found that after an annual income of $75,000, people did not report greater levels of happiness. Nevertheless, the same study showed that higher incomes do continue to improve people’s life satisfaction.So what conclusions can be drawn from this study? It seems that happiness and life satisfaction are two different 6 . While a higher income may not lead to greater happiness per se, it can result in a greater sense of life satisfaction. In other words, people with higher incomes are more satisfied with their lives, even if they are not necessarily happier on a day-to-day basis.In conclusion, while money may not be able to buy happiness, it can certainly contribute to a greater sense of life satisfaction. It is important to 7 that money is not the only factor that influences happiness and well-being. Factors such as health, relationships, and personal fulfillment are also important determinants of a person’s overall sense of happiness.1. A. contrast B. connection C. confusion D. relationship2. A. correlation B. contradiction C. difference D. interaction3. A. regard B. contrast C. relation D. line4. A. conducted B. developed C. devised D. carried5. A. levels B. fades C. compounds D. sets6. A. concepts B. theories C. ideas D. themes7. A. remind B. recall C. remember D. mentionAnswer:1. D2. A3. B4. A5. B6. A7. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: For each of the following passages, there are several questions and each question has 4 choices. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. (20 points)Passage 1Have you ever found yourself addicted to your smartphone? With the convenience of modern technology, it is easy to become reliant on our phones for a variety of tasks such as communication, navigation, and entertainment. However, this reliance can quickly turn into an addiction if not managed properly.One common sign of smartphone addiction is the constant need to check one’s phone for updates, messages, or notifications. This behavior can be disruptive in social situations and may impact one’s ability to focus on tasks. Additionally, excessive phone usage has been linked to problems such as poor sleep quality, lower attention span, and decreased social interactions.To combat smartphone addiction, it is important to set boundaries and limits on phone usage. This may include turning off notifications, scheduling regular breaks from phone use, or even implementing a “digital detox” where one abstains from using their phone for a period of time. By taking steps to reduce phone usage and prioritize face-to-face interactions, individuals can break free from the cycle of smartphone addiction.1. According to the passage, what is a common sign of smartphone addiction?A. Relying on smartphones for communicationB. Checking one’s phone constantly for updatesC. Using smartphones for navigation and entertainmentD. Managing phone usage properly2. How can smartphone addiction impact individuals?A. Increase in attention spanB. Enhancement of social interactionsC. Improvement in sleep qualityD. Decrease in focus on tasks3. What is a suggested method for combating smartphone addiction?A. Increasing phone usageB. Turning off notificationsC. Using smartphones in social situationsD. Prioritizing phone use over face-to-face interactionsAnswer:1. B2. D3. BPassage 2The rise of social media platforms has revolutionized the way people connect and interact with each other. From Facebook to Twitter to Instagram, these platforms offer a convenient way to stay connected with friends and family, share updates and photos, and engage with a wider audience.However, the use of social media has raised concerns about its impact on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. This can be attributed to factors such as the constant comparison to others’ lives, the pressure to maintainan online persona, and the fear of missing out on social events and activities.Despite these negative effects, social media can also have positive impacts on mental health. For some individuals, social media serves as a support system, allowing them to connect with like-minded individuals and seek help and advice. Additionally, social media can offer a sense of community and belonging, especially for those who may feel isolated or marginalized in their offline lives.In conclusion, while social media can have both positive and negative effects on mental health, it is important for individuals to be aware of their usage and its impact on their well-being. By practicing mindfulness and setting boundaries on social media use, individuals can maximize the benefits of social media while minimizing its negative effects.4. What impact has social media had on the way people connect and interact with each other?A. Decrease in social connectionsB. Rise in face-to-face interactionsC. Revolutionization of communicationD. Disconnection from friends and family5. What negative effects of social media are mentioned in the passage?A. Feelings of anxiety and depressionB. Increase in social connectionsC. Upliftment of mental healthD. Support system for individuals6. How can individuals maximize the benefits of social media?A. Engaging in constant comparison to othersB. Practicing mindfulness and setting boundariesC. Maintaining an online personaD. Feeling isolated in offline livesAnswer:4. C5. A6. BPart BDirections: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. (10 points)The Benefits of GardeningGardening is a popular activity that offers a wide range of benefits for individuals of all ages. From providing fresh produce to promoting physical activity and reducing stress, gardening can have a positive impact on one’s overall well-being.One of the main benefits of gardening is the opportunity to grow one’s own fruits and vegetables. By planting and tending to a garden, individuals can enjoy the satisfaction of harvesting their own produce and incorporating it into their meals. This not only promotes a healthy diet but also encourages a deeper appreciation for the food we eat.In addition to the physical benefits, gardening is also known to have mental health benefits. The act of gardening can be a relaxing and therapeutic activity that helps reduce stress and anxiety. Spending time outdoors in nature and working with plants can have a calming effect on the mind and promote a sense of peace and well-being.Moreover, gardening can also promote physical activity and overall fitness. Tasks such as planting, weeding, and watering require physical exertion and movement, which can help individuals stay active and maintain their health. Gardening is alow-impact form of exercise that can be enjoyed by individuals of all fitness levels.Overall, gardening is a beneficial and rewarding hobby that can improve one’s physical health, men tal well-being, and overall quality of life. Whether gardening in a small backyard or a community garden, individuals can experience the joys and benefits of cultivating their own plants and reap the rewards of a greener and healthier lifestyle.7. What is one of the main benefits of gardening mentioned in the passage?8. How can gardening benefit one’s mental health?9. What physical benefits does gardening provide?Answer:7. The opportunity to grow one’s own fruits and vegetables.8. Gardening can be a relaxing and therapeutic activity that helps reduce stress and anxiety.9. Gardening can promote physical activity and overall fitness by requiring physical exertion and movement.篇32014 Postgraduate English Test Questions and Answers for Equivalent CandidatesPart I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1:There is a Bengali proverb which says that even a book-stall attracts a crowd. Newspapers are the first draft of history. When you receive a letter or a message do you not read it immediately? This illustrates the enormous power of the printed word. Books are the only true medium of communication of thought in the world. When you feel lonely your book will become your friend and comfort you.1. According to the Bengali proverb mentioned in the passage, ______.A. a book-stall attracts a crowd because people are curiousB. people like to read standing upC. everyone likes to gather at a book-stallD. books exert a strong attraction on people2. According to the passage, _______ are the only true medium of communication of thought in the world.A. radio and televisionB. letters and messagesC. newspapers and magazinesD. books3. According to the passage, described above, ______.A. a book-stall is preferable to a newspaperB. newspapers are of little valueC. the printed word is powerfulD. books are never boringPassage 2:‘Mental illness’ refers to a wide assortment of m ental health conditions—disorders that affect your mood, thinking, and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addictivebehaviors. Many people have mental health concerns from time to time. But a mental health concern becomes a mental illness when signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect your ability to function.4. According to the passage, mental illness refers to ______.A. common mental health concernsB. disorders that do not affect behaviorC. a wide variety of mental health conditionsD. mood and behavior problems only5. In the passage, mental health concerns become mental illnesses when ______.A. they cause frequent stress and affect functionB. they are not treated properlyC. they have not yet been studiedD. they only relate to mood problems6. The passage suggests that _______.A. mental health concerns are not seriousB. addictive behaviors are not considered mental illnessesC. everyone experiences mental health concerns at some pointD. depression is not a mental illnessPassage 3:The most enjoyable museums in the world are hands-on, interactive, and engaging. You don't just look at the exhibits, you also touch, feel, and sometimes, even taste them. Naturally, these museums are especially popular with children.7. According to the passage, the most enjoyable museums in the world ______.A. are hands-on and interactiveB. focus on looking at exhibitsC. are not popular with childrenD. are located all over the place8. The passage suggests that the museums described ______.A. are only for adultsB. are not interactiveC. do not allow you to touch exhibitsD. engage all of your senses9. Children are especially drawn to these museums because they ______.A. are boring and uninterestingB. are not hands-on or interactiveC. only focus on looking at exhibitsD. allow them to touch, feel, and taste exhibitsPart II Vocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. Each sentence has 4 underlined words or phrases. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part.10. The research firm is known for its innovative approach to problem-solving.A. traditionalB. freshC. expensiveD. frustrating11. The company was fined for violating environmental regulations.A. followingB. ignoringC. supportingD. reforming12. His persistent efforts paid off in the end.A. regularB. continuedC. suddenD. spontaneous13. The police arrested the suspect on suspicion of robbery.A. accusationB. doubtC. involvementD. escape14. The ambassador conducted negotiations with the foreign delegation.B. ledC. mediatedD. canceled15. The new law will be implemented next week.A. enforcedB. proposedC. postponedD. revised16. She is always bragging about her accomplishments.A. humbleB. exaggeratingC. boastingD. hiding17. His excessive drinking has been causing concern among his friends.A. moderateC. regularD. extreme18. The city skyline is dominated by tall skyscrapers.A. surroundedB. characterizedC. overwhelmedD. influenced19. The dress designer uses a variety of fabrics in her creations.A. designsB. patternsC. materialsD. colors20. The new plan will have a significant impact on the environment.A. positiveB. negativeD. minor21. It's important to maintain a healthy work-life balance.A. improveB. achieveC. keepD. lose22. Her contagious laughter brightened up the room.A. hilariousB. infectiousC. suddenD. fake23. The company is facing fierce competition from its rivals.A. friendlyB. intenseC. casualD. distant24. The ancient ruins contain a treasure trove of historical artifacts.A. wealthB. assortmentC. collectionD. discovery25. His fiery speech ignited a revolution in the country.A. passionateB. hatefulC. calmD. aggressive26. The artist's abstract paintings are open to interpretation.A. criticismB. understandingC. explanationD. judgment27. They are discussing the logistics of organizing the event.A. detailsB. expensesC. challengesD. possibilities28. The company decided to diversify its product range.A. decreaseB. expandC. modifyD. limit29. The professor's lectures are always enlightening and informative.A. boringB. inspiringC. confusingD. educational30. The new software is compatible with most operating systems.A. includedB. connectedC. suitableD. popularPart III Cloze Test (15%)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.There are many ways to__(31)__ stress, but one strategy is to “embrace the stress.” Instead of running from it, __(32)__ [A] it motivates you. The __(33)__ [B] answer is that stress can help you do better, but it all depends __(34)__ [C] your attitude. If you_(35)_ [D] that stress is bad, it will only make you feel worse. A __(36)__ [A] study by scientists shows that people who were told “stress is good for you” __(37)__ [B] better on tests compared to those who weren’t given the __(38)__ [C] message. They found that stress could help you in situations where you __(39)___ [D] quick thinking. This is because you r body’s stress response can be used to __(40)__ [A] you perform at your peak. If you’re in a __(41)__ [B] situation, rather than letting the stress overwhelm you, __(42)__ [C] embracing it will help you cope.__(43)__ [D] prove that the stress hormone cortisol can be helpful if you believe that it is. __(44)__ [A] study from the University of Buffalo, New York, found that __(45)__ [B] who viewed stress as debilitating had __(46)__ [C] health risks, while those who __(47)__ [D] it as a natural response showed better health outcomes.31. A. release32. A. if33. A. right34. A. in35. A. admit36. A. recent37. A. did38. A. same39. A. need40. A. let41. A. danger42. A. owning43. A. The44. A. Another45. A. crew46. A. higher47. A. definePart IV Error Detection (10%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. Select the part that is incorrect.48. A new research has (A) shown that people (B) who take regular (C) naps tend to be (D) more creative.49. After presenting the (A) project, the company's (B) sales team felt contented (C) with their effort (D).50. The cooperation between the two (A) companies have resulted (B) in a successful (C) marketing campaign (D).51. The professor emphasized (A) the importance of (B) regular attendance (C) in order to pass (D) the course.52. She is an experienced (A) and dedicated (B) employee, who is (C) always willing to (D) help her colleagues.Part V Writing (35%)Write an essay of about 500 words on the topic: "The Importance of Education in Modern Society."Answers:1. D2. D3. C4. C5. A6. C7. A8. D9. D10. B11. A12. B13. A14. B15. A16. C17. D18. B19. C20. C21. C22. B23. B24. C25. A26. C27. A28. B29. D30. C31. A33. A34. C35. A36. A37. B38. C39. D40. A41. A42. C43. D44. A45. B46. C47. D48. A50. B51. D52. DThe Importance of Education in Modern SocietyEducation plays a crucial role in modern society, shaping individuals' lives and influencing the development of nations. It is the key to unlocking opportunities, broadening perspectives, and empowering individuals to make informed decisions. In today's rapidly changing world, the importance of education cannot be overstated.Firstly, education provides individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in various aspects of life. From acquiring basic literacy and numeracy skills to advanced specialized knowledge, education equips individuals with the tools they need to navigate the complexities of the modern world. It enables people to think critically, solve problems, and adapt to new challenges, making them valuable contributors to society.Additionally, education fosters personal growth and development, allowing individuals to discover their interests,passions, and potential. Through exposure to diverse perspectives and experiences, education encourages lifelong learning and self-improvement. It promotes creativity, innovation, and intellectual curiosity, enriching individuals' lives and enhancing their personal fulfillment.Furthermore, education is essential for promoting social cohesion, equality, and economic prosperity. By providing individuals with equal access to quality education, societies can achieve greater social mobility, reduce inequality, and promote social justice. Education empowers individuals from all backgrounds to fulfill their aspirations, contribute to their communities, and participate meaningfully in society.In conclusion, education is a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of progress in modern society. By investing in education, individuals, communities, and nations can unlock untapped potential, promote inclusive development, and build a brighter future for generations to come. The transformative power of education is undeniable, shaping the world we live in and creating opportunities for a better tomorrow.。

2014年英语六级阅读真题及答案解析（第二套）2014年英语六级阅读真题及答案解析（第二套）Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A) In a parking lot.B) At a grocery.C) At a fast food restaurant.D) In a car showroom.2. A) Change her position now and then.B) Stretch her legs before standing up.C) Have a little nap after lunch.D) Get up and take a short walk.3. A) The students should practice long-distance running.B) The students' physical condition is not desirable.C) He doesn't quite believe what the woman says.D) He thinks the race is too hard for the students.4. A) They will get their degrees in two years.B) They are both pursuing graduate studies.C) They cannot afford to get married right now.D) They do not want to have a baby at present.5. A) He must have been mistaken for Jack.B) Twins usually have a lot in common.C) Jack is certainly not as healthy as he is.D) He has not seen Jack for quite a few days.6. A) The woman will attend the opening of the museum.B) The woman is asking the way at the crossroads.C) The man knows where the museum is located.D) The man will take the woman to the museum.7. A) They cannot ask the guy to leave.B) The guy has been coming in for years.C) The guy must be feeling extremely lonely.D) They should not look down upon the guy.8. A) Collect timepieces.B) Become time-conscious.C) Learn to mend clocks.D) Keep track of his daily activities.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It is eating into its banks.B) It winds its way to the sea.C) It is wide and deep.D) It is quickly rising.10. A) Try to speed up the operation by any means.B) Take the equipment apart before being ferried.C) Reduce the transport cost as much as possible.D) Get the trucks over to the other side of the river.11. A) Find as many boats as possible.B) Cut trees and build rowing boats.C) Halt the operation until further orders.D) Ask the commander to send a helicopter.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Talk about his climbing experiences.B) Help him join an Indian expedition.C) Give up mountain climbing altogether.D) Save money to buy climbing equipment.13. A) He was the first to conquer Mt. Qomolangma.B) He had an unusual religious background.C) He climbed mountains to earn a living.D) He was very strict with his children.14. A) They are to be conquered.B) They are to be protected.C) They are sacred places.D) They are like humans.15. A) It was his father's training that pulled him through.B) It was a milestone in his mountain climbing career.C) It helped him understand the Sherpa view of mountains.D) It was his father who gave him the strength to succeed.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

大学英语四级真题2014年6月-（2）试题及答案大学英语四级真题2014年6月-(2)Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1、Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.2、A. They came in five different colors.B. They were good value for money.C. They were a very good design.D. They were sold out very quickly.3、A. Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B. Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C. Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D. Report her problem to the dorm management.4、A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B. He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C. Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D. The washing machine should be checked annually.5、A. The man fell down when removing the painting.B. The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C. The woman likes the painting on the wall.D. The painting is now being reframed.6、A. It must be missing.B. It was left in the room.C. The man took it to the market.D. She placed it on the dressing table.7、A. Go to a play.B. Meet Janet.C. Book some tickets.D. Have a get-together.8、A. One box of books is found missing.B. Some of the boxes arrived too late.C. Replacements have to be ordered.D. Some of the books are damaged.9、A. The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B. The man did not expect his paper to be graded too soon.C. Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D. Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.10、A. To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B. To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C. To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D. To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.11、A. T o teach him how to Use the kitchenware.B. To discuss cooking experiences with him.C. To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D. To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.12、A. There are so many different sorts of knives.B. Cooking devices are such practical presents.C. A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D. Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen.13、A. Some new problems in her work.B. Cooperation with an international bank.C. Her chance for promotion in the bank.D. Her intention to leave her present job.14、A. The World Bank.B. Bank of Washington.C. A U.S. finance corporation.D. An investment bank in New York.15、A. Supervising financial transactions.B. Taking charge of public relations.C. Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D. Offering service to international companies in the United States.16、A. It is a first major step to realizing the woman's dream.B. It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C. It is a loss for her current company.D. It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage One17、A. Carry out a thorough checkup.B. Try to keep the gas tank full.C. Keep extra gas in reserve.D. Fill up the water tank.18、A. Attempting to leave your car to seek help.B. Opening a window a bit to let in fresh air.C. Running the engine every now and then.D. Keeping the heater on for a long time.19、A. It exhausts you physically.B. It makes you fall asleep easily.C. It causes you to lose body heat.D. It consumes too much oxygen.Passage Two20、A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B. They refuse gifts when doing business.C. They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D. They give gifts only on special occasions.21、A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B. They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C. They have to follow many specific rules.D. They pay attention to the quality of gifts.22、A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B. We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.C. We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D. Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Passage Three23、A. It reflects American people's view of French politics.B. It is first published in Washington and then in Paris.C. It explains American politics to the French public.D. It is popular among French government officials.24、A. Work on her column.B. Do housework at home.C. Entertain her guests.D. Go shopping downtown.25、A. T o report to her newspaper.B. To refresh her French.C. To visit her parents.D. To meet her friends.26、A. She might be recalled to France.B. She might change her profession.C. She might close her Monday column.D. She might be assigned to a new post.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he is considered 27 until the court proves the person is guilty.To arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been 28 . The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station, where the name of the person andthe 29 against him are formally listed.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or 30 . If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return tocourt 31 run away, he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put upbail (保释金). At this time, too, the judge will 32 a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. The attorney may present 33 as well as witnesses. The judge then decides whether thereis enough reason to 34 .The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is 35 to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the 36 of the American government.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Many Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate (文盲). Many 37 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The 38 Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries. Argentines, their neighbors, 39 18th.The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government 40 a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things.One discouragement to reading is that books are 41 . Most books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long 42 education. Primary schooling became universal only in the1990s.All this means Brazil's book market has the biggest growth 43 in the western world.But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004, 89 million, including textbooks 44 by the government, than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library 45 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites (白蚁) had eaten much of the46 . That ought to be a cause for national shame.A. averageB. collectionC. distributedD. exhibitionE. expensiveF. launchedG. namedH. neglectedI. normalJ. particularlyK. potentialL. quitM. rankedN. simplyO. treasuredSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.The T ouch-Screen GenerationA. On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children's apps (应用程序) for phones and tablets (平板电脑) gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off their games. The gathering was organized by Warren Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactive children's media. Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reach the hall's second story, while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe (敬畏) and delight. But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around the hall like so many open boxes of candy. I walked around and talked with developers, and several quoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori's, "The hands are the instruments of man's intelligence."B. What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children here were not down at the shore poking (戳) their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or picking seashells. Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their faces a few inches from a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.C. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its policy on very young children and media. In 1999, the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citing research on brain development that showed this age group's critical need for "direct interactions with parents and othersignificant care givers". The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changed significantly since then. In 2006, 90% of parents said that their children younger than 2 consumed some form of electronic media. Nevertheless, the group took largely the same approach it did in 1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use, on any type of screen, for these kids. (For older children, the academy noted, "high-quality programs" could have "educational benefits".) The 2011 report mentioned "smart cell phone" and "new screen" technologies, but did not address interactive apps. Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parents that some good might come from those little swiping (在电子产品上刷) fingers.D. I had come to the developers' conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents, enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem, that they might offer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy's ideals, and at some level do not want to. Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the morecautious doctors weren't ready to address.E. I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds, an app that teaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling. She was a former Montessori teacher and a mother of four. I myself have three children who are all fans of the touch screen. What games did her kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I could take home."They don't play all that much."Really? Why not?"Because I don't allow it. We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unless it's clearly educational."No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by the standards of over-controlling parents."On the weekends, they can play. I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop. Enough."F. Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were also parents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanes and long car rides. Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an hour. The most permissive said half an hour a day, which was about my rule at home. At one point I sat with one of the biggest developers of e-book apps for kids, and his family. The small kid was starting to fuss in her high chair, so the morn stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else could enjoy their lunch. When she saw me watching, she gave me the universal tense look of mothers who feel they are being judged. "At home," she assured me, "I only let her watch movies in Spanish."G. By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomes almost everywhere in our lives, American parents are becoming more, not less, distrustful of what it might be doing to their children. Technological ability has not, for parents, translated into comfort and ease. On the one hand, parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital stream that they will have to navigate (航行) all their lives; on the other hand, they fear that too much digital media, too early, will sink them. Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical (外科的) instruments, devices thatmight perform miracles for their child's IQ and help him win some great robotics competition—but only if they are used just so. Otherwise, their child could end up one of those sad, pale creatures who can't make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in the virtual world.H. Norman Rockwell, a 20-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, and our own vision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene. Add to that our modem fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences—that every minute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged (放纵的) will add up to some permanent handicap (障碍) in the future—and you have deep guilt and confusion. To date, no body of research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speak Chinese, or alternatively that it will rest her nervous system—the device has been out for only three years, not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather research subjects. So what is a parent to do?47、The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in the electronic age.48、 American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to their children.49、 Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.50、The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict controlover her kids' screen time.51、 Research shows interaction with people is key to babies' brain development.52、So far there has been no scientific proof of theeducational benefits of iPads.53、American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids' interpersonal relationships.54、 The author expected developers of children's apps to specify the benefits of the new technology.55、 The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.56、 The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD..Passage OneWhen young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap—that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management roles—failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had ,the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的)? All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion—to pursue science and sports, math and theater—and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing'.57、 Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______.A. they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB. they do not feel as fit for management rolesC. they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD. they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities58、What does the author say about America's higher education system?A. It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B. It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C. It does not take care of women students' special needs.D. It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.59、What does the author say about today's college experience?A. It is different for male and female students.B. It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C. It is more exhausting than most women expect.D. It is not so satisfying to many American students.60、What does the author say about women students in college?A. They have no idea how to bring out their best.B. They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C. They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D. They don't perform as well as they did in high school.61、 How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?A. Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B. Women are not ready to take management roles.C. Women are caught between career and family.D. Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Passage TwoReading leadership literature, you'd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader.I don't believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to (追求) leadership in the first place.We've all met the type of individual who simply must takecharge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine (神圣的) right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can't be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn't their only tool. In fact, it isn't even their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else: answer, solutions, patterns, problems, opportunities. They know it's vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulateand intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you aren't leading at all. You're dictating. A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.62、 What does the author think of the leaders he knows?A. Many of them are used to taking charge.B. Few of them are equal to their positions.C. Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D. Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.63、Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?A. They believe they have the natural gift to lead.B. They believe in what leadership literature says.C. They have proved competent in many situations.D. They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.64、What characterizes a great leader according to the author?A. Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.B. Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.C. Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.D. Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.65、 How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?A. They reassess the situation at hand.B. They become impatient and rude.C. They resort to any tool available.D. They blame their team members.66、 What is the author's advice to leaders?A. Concentrate on one specific task at a time.B. Use different tools to achieve different goals.C. Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.D. Show determination when faced with tough tasks.Part Ⅳ Translati onDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.67、为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。

同等学力英语/yydk/2014年同等学力英语第二阶段阅读理解(二)前面同等学力英语第一阶段词汇大家已经有所掌握了，下面进行同等学力英语的第二阶段的练习，此阶段主要加强考生们做阅读理解的能力。

"Tear 'em apart!" "Kill the fool!" "Murder the referee (裁判)!"These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At thetime they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let's not kid ourselves.They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to realbloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It hasbeen shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to reactin ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior.I see the term "opponent" as one of those words. Perhaps the time has cometo delete it from sports terms.The dictionary meaning of the term "opponent "is "adversary ": "enemy ";"one who opposes your interests." "Thus, when a player meets an opponent, heor she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning maydominate one's intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may beconsidered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a refereerefused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he didnot considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves acrosshis wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. "Are they wet enough now?"In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves acrossthe court without considering the consequences that such a move might have onanyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent's international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ballas hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a courtattitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term "opponent" with "associate" could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term "associate" is "colleague"; "friend"; "companion." Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term "associate" rather than "opponent."6. Which of the following statements best expresses the author's view?A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.B) The words people use can influence their behavior.C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.7. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players ________.A) are too eager to winB) are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD) treat their rivals as enemies8. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out tochange his gloves?A) He refused to continue the game.B) He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C) He claimed that the referee was unfair.D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.9. According to the passage, players, in a game, may ________.A) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC) lie down on the ground as an act of protestD) kick the ball across the court with force10. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ________.A) calling on players to use clean language on the courtB) raising the referee's sense of responsibilityC) changing the attitude of players on the sports fieldD) regulating the relationship between players and referees【参考答案】6-10: B D D A C。

2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12014 Same Ability Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Test Questions and AnswersPart I Dialogue InterpretationDirections: The sentence pairs below are closely related and always discuss the same topic. After reading the two sentences, you may choose to omit the information they convey and the reasoning method for it, and select the correct answer from the four choices.1. Speaker A: I heard that Professor Smith got promoted last week.Speaker B: He did. Did you know that he has been working at the university for over 20 years? He really deserves it.Q: What do you know from Speaker B's response to Speaker A?A. Professor Smith has been at the university for a long time.B. Professor Smith has worked hard and finally gotten a promotion.C. Professor Smith is the oldest professor at the university.D. Professor Smith is the most popular professor at the university.2. Speaker A: Can you believe that Anna broke up with Mark?Speaker B: Oh, I know. I always thought they were the perfect couple.Q: What does Speaker B imply about Anna and Mark?A. Anna and Mark have been together for a long time.B. Anna and Mark are no longer a couple.C. Anna and Mark are happy together.D. Anna and Mark are a famous couple.......Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part consists of 4 passages. After reading each passage, answer the questions or complete the statements that follow it.Passage 1The year 1848 brought political revolution and economic migration to Europe. The clinic and hospital in Vienna where Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis worked was one destination for those forced over Europe.Dr. Semmelweis had been born in Hungary in 1818, had entered medical school in Vienna in 1837, and had become a doctor in 1844. The Viennese clinic where Dr. Semmelweis worked was caught in the current of professional careers and economic migration that steered thousands of young doctors to Vienna from other parts of Europe. Chief residents such as Semmelweis had to compete for promotion and the attention of the professors who distributed favors and resources.This intense collective ambition, this jostling and networking, created the vital organizational networks that drove Vienna to the medical pinnacle of Europe. But such headlong, disorganized pursuit of professional allegiance and social advancement led to inevitable error, as the cause of this first medical tragedy soon became clear.1. In 1848, Europe witnessed _____.a. a political revolutionb. a economic migrationc. a and bd. none of the above2. Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis ____.a. was born in Germanyb. entered medical school in Hungaryc. competed for promotiond. entered medical school in Budapest......Part III VocabularyDirection: Select the correct meaning of the underlined word or phrase in the sentence.1. The book is somewhat of a rarity, and it could fetch a high price at the auction.a. valueb. scarcityc. numberd. quality2. The old buildings were standing in defiance of the developer's plan to demolish them.a. obedienceb. supportc. protestd. agreement......Part IV TranslationDirection: Translate the following sentences into English.1. 他们正在进行一场生动的辩论，以寻找新的解决方案。

2014 年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication (10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices tocomplete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Sheet.Dialogue oneA.I thought you said there were three menB.They had been in there for about 5 minutesC.It’s the other man I’m talking about.Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gun, the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don’t know, “give me all your money” and the other one-Police officer: 1 ?Burney : No, there were two men and a girl. 2 , the one carrying the suitcase, well he goes up to the other guy-Police officer: The one with the gun?Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she- well, all the other people behind the window – they hand over piles of money and the two men put it into the suitcase and they run out.It was 1:35. 3 .Dialogue TwoA.People today don’t like thatB.I like a good storyC.They still make movies like thatSpeaker A: I like watching old movies and I think they are the best.Speaker B: I agree with you, even though they’re in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color.Speaker A: And there was no violence in ole movies..Speaker B: No, there wasn’t. 4 .Speaker A : They like lots of action.Speaker B : 5 .Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people.Speaker B: Like real people with real problems.Speaker A: 6 .Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.Section BDirections: in this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C,and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to completethe interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A.I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB.I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowC.Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD.I document everythingInterviewer: Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you?Intreviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; my iphone 5; and my Olympus digital camera. 7 : the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch my eye as I walk past.Interviewer: What do you use your computer for ?Interviewee: Well , I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screen now and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. 8 -there are some fantastic sites around n ow. Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home?Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home. 9 -and on top of that they’re always texting on their mobile phones! They play computer games when they think I or their father aren’t looking! They don’t like doing homework, of cou rse , but there are some really good revision sites on the Internet.10 -15 minutes for a whole supermarket “visit”! That feels really good.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary(10points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11.Conditions for the growth of this plant are optimum in early summer.A.most acceptableB. most expressiveC. most favorite D . most desirable12.She often says her greatest happiness consists in helping the disadvantagedChildren.A.is proportionate toB. is composed ofC. lies inD. relies on13.Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A.For the sake ofB. at the cost ofC. in the interest ofD. under the control of14.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends on how aggressively producers market it.A.vigorouslyB. rigorouslyC. efficientlyD. effectively15.Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A.in order thatB. for fear thatC. in case thatD. in spite that16.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.A.impressionB. imaginationC. expressionD. presentation17.Television commercials have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A.reflectionB. examinationC. attackD. pressure18.The mayor has spent a handsome amount of time in his last term working to bring down the tax rate.A.plentyB. SufficientC. moderateD. considerable19.His poor performance may be attributed to the lack of motivation.A.focused onB. caused byC. viewed asD. taken for20.The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.A.obtainB. encourageC. publicizeD. advertisePart III Reading Comprehension(25 points)Section ADirection: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answeron the Answer Sheet.Passage OneLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She’s been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a panic attack. Strange, right? But She’s not alone. While popular phobias (恐惧症)about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly ,they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons ,a phobia that is taking over her life, She won’t walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these “rats with wings ”finds its way onto the platform . Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it .So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from ?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces ,but something about elevators makes me nervous .And so ,when my boyfriend and I found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year -because these sorts of things always happen eventually -I was anticipating the worst .While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we “take advantage of the situation ,”I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing.However, after the fear subsided (消退)I realized that, yes, t his was my greatest fear come true, andyet -it wasn’t all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much.Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.21.The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks because .A.she couldn’t bear their sound on plateB.she is afraid that they may hurt herC.she has never used them beforeD.she has been injured by them before22.The phrase “rats with wings”(Para.3)refers toA. devilsB. exotic ratsC. pigeonsD. strange birds23.The author’s fear of elevators is the result ofA.her dislike of being in closed spacesB.her terrible experienceC.her phobia for no reasonD.her nervousness of being alone24.After the fear subsided, the author realized thatA.an elevator ride could be excitingB.it was not as horrible as she had thoughtC.her boyfriend’s help was importantD.she could have had a good time with her boyfriend25.The purpose for the author to share her experience is toA.introduce what strange fears people haveB.explain why people have strange fearsC.illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultD.encourage people to overcome their fearsPassage TwoThe American public’s obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid food a such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumer to buy their “carb-free” food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that wo consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits; some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease.Carbohydrates also contain antioxidants（抗氧化剂），which protect the body’s cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause cancer.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits and vegetables—all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person’s diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exerciseprogram for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to experts, not the advertisers!26.As is used in Paragraph 1, the word “exhausted” most possibly means .A. startledB. starvingC. derivedD. deprived27.According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free”products.A. value consumers’ well-beingB. are not telling the truthC. offer healthy optionsD. are responsible for obesity28.Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates ?A. Prevention of stroke.B. Prevention of cancer.C. Prevention of fiber reductionD. Prevention of heart disease.29.It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .A.is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsB.contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteinsC.needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyD.is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fats30.The main purpose of the passage is to .A.describe the variety of carbohydratesB.explain how to live a healthy lifeC.promote more physical exerciseD.advocate a healthy dietPassage ThreeOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can’t afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don’t save nearly enough for retirement.In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates—but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance and investment. A recent survey of college students conducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found that students who’d had a personal-finance or money-management course in high school scored no better than those who hadn’t.“We need to figure out how to do this the right way,” says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don’t work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real mon ey and spending decisions into kids’ hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tackling such real-world issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? “It takes confidence to take a stand and to think differently,” says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofitwhose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries, aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives. “This goes beyond money and saving.”31.The financial-literacy education is intended to .A.renew Americans’ enthusiasm about money-managementB.increase Americans’ awareness of the financial crisisC.help Americans to overcome the financial crisisD.enable Americans to manage money wisely32.According to the author ,the National Financial Capability Challenge will beA. ineffectiveB.rewardingC. costlyD.well-received33.By saying that “the financial-literacy m ovement has gained steam”(Para.3),the author means that the movement .A.has received much criticismB.has been regarded as imaginativeC.has been more and more popularD.has gone through financial difficulties34.Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to .A.manage money in a more efficient wayB.carry out financial-literacy education properlyC.improve the social awareness of financial educationD.help students score better in money-management courses35.Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree that commercial and social pressures make one’s purchasing decisions .A. acceptableB. DifficultC. feasible C. unwisePassage FourCheating is nothing new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent- and are less likely to be punished – than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today’s youth . Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today’s youth are far more pragmatic (实用主义的) than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were filled with visions about changing the world, today’s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There’s an underlying fear. If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from oneself. To achieve. To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.Wdward Wynne, a magazine editor, blame the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo, sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. “I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said . He fells that as long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts theycan memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individuals who are doing it,” he said. ‘That’s too easy an answer. We’ve got to start looking at the system.”36.E ducators are finding that students who cheat .A.have poor academic recordsB.are more likely to be punished than beforeC.tend to be dishonest in later yearsD.are not only those academically weak37.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A.Students do not cheat on essay tests.B.Students’ cheating has deep social roots.C.Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating.D.Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.38.W hich of the following points of view would Mr. Huber Agree with?A.Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.B.Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.C.Students who cheat should be expelled from school.D.Cheating would be reduced trough an educational reform.39.T he expression “the individuals” (the last paragraph ) refers to .A.teachersB.parentsC.students who cheatD.school administrators40.The passage mainly discusses .A.people’s tolerance of students’ cheatingB.the decline of moral standards of today’s youthC.factors leading to academic dishonestyD.ways to eliminate academic dishonestySection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answersA, B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children’s education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school, helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvementaffects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researchers combed through nearly three decades’ worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participation in kids’ academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures to children’s academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire（适得其反）—regardless of a parent’s race, or level of education.Do you review your daughter’s homework every night? Robinson and Harris’s data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids(fewer than half of whom are read to daily)and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions don’t take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policy makers have the most influence — they take place at home.Comment 1:Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids.Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.Comment 2:It also depends on the kid . Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn,t mean they are ready for college or the work place.Comment 3:The article doesn’t clearly define “helping,” but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises(e.g. Helping them to solve a math problem)and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they’re completed their work.I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their children’s performance!41.The word “they”(Para.1) refers to .A.principlesB.studiesC.obligationsD.Values42.What is main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?A.Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.B.The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.C.Schools should communicate with parents regularly.D.Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.ment 1 suggests that .A.kids should be kids after allB.Parents should leave their children aloneC.Persistent parental involvement is a mustD.Parents may influence children’s thinking44.The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that .A.getting ready for college is an emotional processB.high intelligence dose not guarantee successC.high school is often boring in the U.S.D.Social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in life45.Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A.Monitoring kids’ class performance.B.Reviewing kids’ homework for accuracy.C.Making sure kids have finished their work.D.Assisting kids in their exercises.Part ⅣCloze(10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we‘re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time try into be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel 47 .But there‘s something that the most sentimental gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 ,practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving .Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things 50 great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often, no. “Gift receivers would be 51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 attempting to be ‘thoughtful and considerate’ by buying gifts they did not explicitly request” to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability(e.g. the 54 of the coffee based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility).46.A. opened B. have opened C. opening D. to open47.A. in return B. in place C. in turn D. in person48.A. How B. Why C. When D. Whether49.A. In many cases B. In many ways C. To sum up D. To be sure50.A. take up B. make four C. lead to D. work out51.A. surprised B. happy C. more surprised D. happier52.A. but for B. as to C. rather than D. regardless of53.A. measure B. select C. classify D. decide54.A. ease B. cost C. quality D. look55.A. continuously B. nevertheless C. whereas D. unexpectedlyPart Ⅴ Text Completion(20 points)Directions:In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in thebox to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text Onesowatching TVhire themPhrases:A.And understandably 56B.that the companies that 57 want moneyC.that could be spent 58Children are a special target of advertisers 59 .Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said : “You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is every where. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 60 .They don,t have our best interests in mind.”They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 61 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.Text Twobeyondsendingas well asPhrases:A. 62 the wages of average familiesB. 63 the reach of most AmericansC. 64 young people to collegeA research group in California has released a “national report card on higher education.” The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982.Costs have climbed much faster than other prices- 65 .The group warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education 66 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The report also expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in67 .Text ThreeimitatebetweenotherwiseacceleratePhrases:A.from 68 its feathers2014 同等学力英语真题B.would be difficult to 69C.it 70 couldD.enabling the bird to 71The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than 72 .How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so by releasing tiny air bubbles 73 .As these bubbles are released, they reduce friction on the surface of the penguin’s wings 74 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster by using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls( 船身).However, researchers acknowledge that further investigation is challenging because “the complexity of penguin’s wings 75 .”Part VI Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary-that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “we should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will hav e to reach a new agreement on the division and distribution of labor.” Seymour says.Part ⅦWriting(15points)Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: A Way to Success. Read the following article in Chinese, then write according to the outline given below. Write yourcomposition on the Answer Sheet.大学毕业时，小刘决定不找工作。

In spring of 2004, when US gas prices hit US $2 a gallon, University of Washington senior Jo Blue kept on driving. After Hurricane Katrina last August, prices topped US $3 a gallon. But Blue kept driving. Now, when prices have leveled -at about US$ 2.25, she still commutes an hour everyday to her job as a swim coach. Blue has to get to work and public transportation is not an option. Buses to the suburb where she works are infrequent, so Blue has no choice but to spend US $30 a week on gas.High gas prices, which began to soar in 2004, have Americans-whose way of life depends on cars-complaining, but not doing much to change the country’s car culture.Like Blue, most Americans, except those in major cities, drive to work. Many live in sprawling suburbs which are accessible only by car. The average American spends 55 minutes each day behind the wheel, according to the US Department of Transportation. In 2003, the US’s 290, 000 residents registered 237, 000 vehicles.Many experts say that this car driven lifestyle is unsustainable. “An event like Hurricane Katrina demonstrates how constrained and fragile the energy supply is now,” said Barry Silverthorne, producer of “The End of Suburbia”, a documentary about American car culture.In the 1950s, King Hubert, a geologist working for Shell, a major US oil company, predicted that the rate of oil extraction（提取）could not continue to increase forever. Once all the high quality or easiest-to-reach oil was extracted, oil would become progressively scarcer and more expensive until the supply runs out altogether.Many major oil fields in the Middle East have reached or will soon reach their peaks, says Megan Qinn, director of the Community Solution, an organization that promotes sustainable development.Though most experts agree the US should become less dependent on cars, few have addressed the issue of “how”.“Deep down in America many of us have a sense that we are about to hit a brick wall of some kind. But people are too distracted by Paris Hiton and iPods to notice,”said Silverthorne.1. According to the author, the key reason why Americans need car is that ______.A. they need to drive to workB. they have so many highwaysC. many live in suburbs accessible only by carD. many want to go traveling by car2.According to the statistics in 2003, every US residents owns ______ vehicle(s).A. at least 0.5B. at least 0.8C. at least 1D. at least 1.23. King Hubbert says that oil ______.A. will be replaced by other high quality or easy-to-reach energyB. is reaching its peak graduallyC. will run out immediatelyD. will decrease some day4. The author believes that American car culture is ______.A. a luxuryB. necessaryC. sustainableD. unsustainable5. The last paragraph suggests that ______.A. Americans only care about celebrities and luxury productsB. Americans know they are about to hit a wall due to energy crisisC. Americans know they should make a change of some kindD. Americans are conscious but do nothing about energy shortage答案及解析：文章大意：本文探讨了美国的汽车文化，指出这种开汽车的生活方式不是可持续的，因为世界原油产量不可能永远持续增长。

2014高考英语阅读理解全程冲刺训练(4)及答案【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】CHow could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals。

How ever，most z oos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats。

Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored，lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species，but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior，intelligence, or beauty。

Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name，diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal be havior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals' natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self—destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth， a sign of unhappiness and pain。