昆明理工大学冶金原理2018年考博真题博士入学试卷

昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2025 考试科目名称：流体力学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

第 1 页共2 页。

昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2027 考试科目名称：生物化学（生科院）
考生答题须知
1一所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2一评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3一答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4一答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

一一一名词解释（任选5题，每题5分，共25分）
1乙酰CoA
2三联密码子
3 PCR扩增
4端粒酶的作用
5氧化磷酸化反应
6 糖异生作用
7蛋白质的4级结构
8红移
9梯度洗脱
10分配系数
11正相色谱
12 基准物质
（二）简答题（任选5题，每题10分，共50分）
1简述三大营养物质及其在代谢上的相互联系？
2简述蛋白质免疫印迹法的基本原理？
3简述原核生物乳糖操纵子的工作原理？
4 简述DNA聚合酶的特点及其作用？
5简述酶的活力，活力单位，比活？
6简述丙酮酸可进入糖代谢中的哪些代谢途径参与物质代谢反应
7色谱根据分离机理的不同主要分为哪些类型？
第 1 页共 3 页。

昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2020 考试科目名称：运筹学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

第 1 页共2 页。

2018年云南昆明理工大学冶金物理化学考研真题A 卷一、选择题。

在题后括号内，填上正确答案代号。

(共15小题, 每小题2分，合计30分) 1、对于任何循环过程，系统经历了若干步骤。

根据热力学第一定律，正确的是：、对于任何循环过程，系统经历了若干步骤。

根据热力学第一定律，正确的是：( )( )( )。

( 1 ) ( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )。

2、系统经某过程后，其焓变∆H = Q p ，则该过程是，则该过程是( )( )( )。

( 1 ) ( 1 )理想气体任何过程；理想气体任何过程；理想气体任何过程； ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 )理想气体等压过程；理想气体等压过程； ( 3 ) ( 3 )真实气体等压过程；真实气体等压过程；真实气体等压过程； ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 )封闭系统不作非体积功的等压过程。

封闭系统不作非体积功的等压过程。

3、在同一温度压力下，一定量某物质的熵值（）。

（1）S (气) > S (液) > S (固)；（2）S (气) < S (液) < S (固)；（3）S (气) = S (液) = S (固)；（4）S (气) > S (液) = S (固)。

4、在一定的温度和压力下，已知反应A →2B 反应的标准摩尔焓变为∆r H,1(T )及反应2A 2A→→C的标准摩尔焓变为∆r H , 2(T ), ), 则反应则反应C →4B 4B 的的∆r H , 3(T )是：（）。

（1）2∆r H ,1(T ) + ∆r H , 2(T )；（2）∆r H , 2(T ) ) －－ 2∆r H ,1(T )；（3）∆r H , 2(T ) + ∆r H ,1(T )；（4）2∆r H ,1(T ) ) －－∆r H , 2(T )。

5、液态水在100100℃及℃及101.325 kPa 下汽化成水蒸气，则该过程的（）。

（1）∆H = 0 = 0；；（2）∆S = 0 = 0；；（3）∆A = 0 = 0；；（4）∆G = 06、在一定温度和压力下α，β任意两相平衡时，两相中下述物理量相等的是（）。

第 1 页 共 2 页 昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题考试科目代码： 2006 考试科目名称 ： 冶金物理化学考生答题须知1． 所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2． 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3． 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4． 答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

1、(15分) 纯氧顶吹炼钢中是将298 K 的氧气通过喷枪吹入1 673 K 的钢水中。

O 2(g)与钢水中溶解的碳[C]起反应。

试计算1 kg 溶解的[C]氧化成CO(g) 放热多少?已知：25 ℃下，CO(g) 的标准摩尔生成焓为 −110.52 kJ ·mol -1, 1 673 K 下, C(石墨)溶于铁液的溶解焓为 22.60 kJ ·mol -1, C p , m (C, 石墨) = (16.86 + 4.77⨯ 10-3 T / K ) J ·K -1· mol -1；C p , m (CO, g) = (28.14 + 4.10 ⨯10-3 T / K ) J ·K -1· mol -1。

(碳的摩尔质量M (C) = 12 g · mol -1。

)2、（15分） 已知反应 ① Fe 2O 3(s) +3CO (g) ==2Fe(α) + 3CO 2 (g) 在1 393 K 时的K 为0.049 5，同样温度下反应 ② 2CO 2(g) == 2CO(g) + O 2(g)的K =1.40×10-12。

今将Fe 2O 3(s) 置于 1 393 K, 开始只含有CO(g)的容器内，使反应达平衡，试计算（1）容器内氧的平衡分压力为多少？（2）若想使Fe 2O 3(s) 被CO(g)还原为Fe(α)，问氧的分压力应保持多大？(p =100 kPa)3、(10分）何谓多相反应过程中的化学反应控制？何谓扩散控制？ 试举一例说明多相反应过程中的速率控制步骤的确定方法。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题（A）考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part II S tructure and Vocabulary ( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.It is rather ______ that we still do not know how many species there are in the worldtoday.A.misleadingB. boringC. embarrassingD. demanding2.Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of thegovernment’s ______ policies.A.economicalB. economicC. economyD. economics3.At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment whensome distant mountain is not ______.A.on viewB. at a glanceC. on the sceneD. in sight4.Being impatient is ______ with being a good teacher.A.intrinsicB. ingeniousC. incompatibleD. inherent5.She was so ______ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.A.attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated6.Jack was about to announce our plan but I ______.A.cut him shortB. gave him upC. turned him outD. put him through7.When Jack was eighteen he ______ going around with a strange set of people andstaying out very late.A.took toB. took upC. took forD. took on8.Y ou see the lightning ______ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A.the instantB. for an instantC. on the instantD. in an instant9.It is said that the math teacher seems ______ towards bright students.A.preferableB. partialC. beneficialD. liable10.It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a ______.A.concessionB. submissionC. transmissionD. recession11.People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and ______.A.vivaciousB. perilousC. introvertedD. lucrative12.Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so ______ at handlingpeople that he was made American Ambassador to France.A.shrewdB. foxyC. considerateD. adroit昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题13.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply______ every cheat in the marketplace.A.in lieu ofB. for the price ofC. by courtesy ofD. at the mercy of14.Reporters and photographers alike took great ______ at the rude way the actorbehaved during the interview.A.annoyanceB. resentmentC. offenceD. irritation15.If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very ______.A.waxyB. stickyC. slipperyD. greasyPart III. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as "the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered."When a plane passes the sound barrier—flying faster than sound travels—listeners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules—somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it.The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate波动per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per second—although this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic.Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.The speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717.16.According to this passage, “Mach” refers to ______.A.the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of soundB. a machineC. a Czech-born Australian physicistD.the pilot of the plane17.Sound is produced by ______.A.vibrations of an object passing through the airB.spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pondC.thundersD. a flying plane18.Decibel is ______.A.the frequency of radiating wavesB.the pressure of radiating wavesC.the unit for measuring the intensity of soundD.the speed of sound19.Which of the following is a TRUE statement?A.Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.B.Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.C.Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.D.Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature.20.Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?A.The Prefix Mach.B.The Speed of Sound.C.The Frequency of Sound.D.The Intensity of Sound.Passage 2Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.21.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means ______.A.cultural groups that are formed by scientists.B.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science22.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because______.A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.B.science affects almost every aspect of our life.C.scientists live in a specific subculture.D.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.23.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.A.are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried facts.D.want to have a superficial understanding of science.24.According to this passage, which of the following is true?A.English is a sexist language.B.Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.C.Women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of ourlanguage.D.Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.25.The text most probably is ______.A. a book reviewB. the preface of a bookC.the postscript of a bookD. the concluding part of a bookPassage 3Does using a word processor affect a writer s style？The medium usually does dosomething to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhan’s claim that the medium simply is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now.The question matters.Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor, predicts that over half the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1985. The best-known recruit is Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have only started since the microcomputer boom began in 1980.Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typist’s dread of having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished.This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later.That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture, though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However, these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself. My own experience of the sheer difficulty of committing any words at all to the page means I’m grateful for all the help I can get.For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style. (“immensely”, says Deighton). Seeing your own word on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labor of mechanical retyping that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for this—your slave works hard and so do you.Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn—“expect to lose weeks of work”, says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness that what you have written no longer exists anywhere at all, is unbelievably enraging and baffling.Will word processing generally raise the level of professional writing then? Does it make writers better as well as more productive? Though all users insist it has done so for them individually, this is hard to believe. But reliance happens fast.26.What appears to be changing rapidly in Britain and the USA？A.The style writers are employing.B.The way new writers are being recruited.C.The medium authors are using.D.The message authors are putting forward.27.Typing a manuscript in the conventional manner may make a writer ______.A.have a lot of second thoughts昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题B.become overcritical of his or her workC.make more mistakesD.take few risks28.One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing revision of a text ______.A.is done with too little attentionB.produces a sloppy effectC.fails to produce a fluent styleD.does not encourage one to pick up mistakes29.It is claimed here that word processors create ______.A. a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her workB.the illusion that you are the servant of the machineC. a sensation of powerD. a reluctance in the author to express himself or herself30.As far as learning to use a word processor is concerned, the author of the passage feelsthat Hammond ______.A.is understating the problemB.exaggerates one drawbackC.is too skeptical about the advantageD.overestimates the danger of losing textPassage 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In , the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Y et few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60sand beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Y et there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.31.What is implied in the first sentence?A.Americans are better prepared for death than other peopleB.Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever beforeC.Americans are over-confident of their medical technologyD.Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy32.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ______.A.medical resources are often wastedB.some treatments are too aggressiveC.doctors are helpless against fatal diseasesD.medical costs are becoming unaffordable33.The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ______.A.strong disapprovalB. reserved consentC.slight contemptD. enthusiastic support34.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ______.A.more flexiblyB. more extravagantlyC.more cautiouslyD. more reasonably35.The text intends to express the idea that ______.A.medicine will further prolong people’s livesB.life beyond a certain limit is not worth livingC.death should be accepted as a fact of lifeD.excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart IV Translation (20 points)Section A English-Chinese Translation (10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Y our translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.36.Physics, as well as pure mathematics, has supplied material for the philosophy oflogical analysis. This has occurred especially through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics量子力学. What is important to the philosopher in the theory of relativity is the substitution of space-time for space and time. Common sense thinks of the physical world as composed of “things” which persist through a certain period of time and move in space. Philosophy and physics developed the notion of “thing” into that of “material substance,”and thought of material substance as consisting of particles, each very small, and each persisting throughout all time. Einstein substituted events事素for particles; each event had to each other a relation called “interval,”which could be analyzed in various ways into a time element and a space-element. The choice between these various ways was arbitrary任意的, and no one of them wastheoretically preferable to any other.昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题Section B Chinese-English Translation (10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.37.如果使用得当，恐惧和与之相伴的痛苦是人类和动物拥有的最有用的两样东西。

2018年云南昆明理工大学冶金原理考研真题一、填空或解释下列各题（每题2分，共20分）1. 氧化精炼时，欲使杂质M′氧化除去，其必要条件是：P O2(M O) P O2(MO)（填＜、=或＞）注：MO为主体金属氧化物，M′O为杂质金属氧化物。

2.什么是拉乌尔定律？。

3. 活化能可反映的影响。

在绝大多数情况下，界面化学反应的活化能（填＞、=或＜）扩散活化能，因此冶金反应通常在低温时受限制，高温时受限制。

4. 什么是交换电流密度？5. 何谓施密特准数（Schmidt Number）是表征的准数，表达式为：6.湿法冶金包括、、三个主要过程。

7. 什么是稳定态原理？。

8. 两种离子共同放电的基本条件是：。

9. 凡能使熔渣表面张力的物质度称为表面活性物质。

10.气氛的控制对冶金过程非常重要，氧势是表示气氛氧化能力强弱的物理量。

在氧化物氧势图（吉布斯自由能图）中，若反应物发生相变，则其氧势线斜率。

二、简答题 (每题10分，共40分)1．下图是有一个不稳定二元化合物C3S2生成的三元系CS-C2S-C2AS相图。

请应用相图的基本知识完成下列各题：（1）在图中标出对应物质的初晶区；（2）E点和P点分别是什么，其发生的反应是什么？（3）试分析成分为x的熔体冷却结晶过程。

2. 区域熔炼是粗金属精炼（尤其是制取高纯金属）中常用的方法之一，如锗和硅的提纯过程中，只需重复区域熔炼过程五次即可使其杂质降低到10-9的水平。

试述区域熔炼的基本原理和方法，影响区域熔炼效果的因素有哪些？3. 炼钢时为什么需要脱磷，简述脱磷的基本原理及影响脱磷的主要因素？4. 试述电位-pH图的绘制要点，下图是298K水体系的电位-pH图请说明氢气、氧气和水的热力学稳定区。

三、计算题（每小题10分，共20分）1. 在用CO 还原铁矿石的反应中，1173K 的k 1=2.978×10-2s -1，1273K的k 2=5.623×10-2s -1。