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高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习概述：语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。
What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如: Open the door, please。
请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！一、虚拟语气虚拟语气用于表示所说的话与现在的事实相反，或与过去的事实相反，或与将来的事实相反。
表示说话人的主观愿望、猜想、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小或不可能发生的情况。
虚拟语气一般用于正式的书面语中。
多用于复合句中。
虚拟语气是由谓语动词的特殊形式表达出来的。
w If they invite me this evening, I shall go with them. （陈述语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性很大）w If they invited me this evening, I should go with them. （虚拟语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性小或者根本不可能）二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
w If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高考语法复习：虚拟语气讲解及提升练习一、if条件句中的虚拟语气要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。
We would be back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。
常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。
—Do you have Betty's phone number?——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？—Yes.Otherwise，I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday.——有，不然我昨天就联系不上她了。
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。
三、虚拟语气在从句中的运用1．在名词性从句中的运用(1)在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三要求(require，demand，request)、四建议(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
2019高考英语查缺补漏集中营：虚拟语气一、表能力1． When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A．should B．couldC．must D．need解析：选B 考查情态动词。
句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我什么时候想看电视就可以看。
根据题干中的whenever I wanted to可知，此空应填could，表示一般的能力，指想做就能做到。
2． He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A．wouldn't B．shouldn'tC．couldn't D．mustn't解析：选C 考查情态动词。
句意：尽管他想睡，但仍睡不着，(因为)当时他拼命想着一个主意，一直到想出来为止他才睡去。
此处couldn't表示“不可能”，符合句意。
3． I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.A．can B．mightC．would D．need解析：选A 考查情态动词。
句意：如果我能弄到钱，我就和John一起去欧洲度假。
结合前后部分的内容可知，此处表示的是能力。
故用can“能，会”。
——————————————————————————————————————①表示现在的能力：can，am/is/are able to②表示将来的能力：will be able to③表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了———————————————————————————————————————No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.—Oh, you are really his big fan.——在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。
2019届高三英语精准培优专练三：虚拟语气（解析版）一、真题在线1.（2018·北京卷·单项选择）They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven 【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。
2.（2017·北京卷·单项选择）If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put 【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。
3.（2018·天津卷·单项选择）If we _______the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.A. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch 【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。
故从句用过去完成时。
4. （2018·天津卷·单项选择）—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn’t beenB. wouldn’t have beenC. weren’tD. wouldn’t be 【答案】B【解析】由yesterday可知，与过去事实相反，otherwise相当于if I hadn’t had Betty’s number，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。
5. (2015·重庆卷·单项选择)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didn’t writeB. hadn’t writtenC. wouldn’t writeD. wouldn’t have【答案】D【解析】Without his wartime experiences是个含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。
6. (2015·安徽卷·单项选择) It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______ nowhere to stay now.A. hadB. had hadC. would haveD. would have had【答案】C【解析】or暗含虚拟条件，相当于if we didn’t book a room，其后的句子相当于主句，由时间状语now可知，与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用would do。
7. (2018·江苏卷·单项选择)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _____ a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had 【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，这里表示将来的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时。
8. (2018·江苏卷·单项选择) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might 【答案】B【解析】在“It is/was +形容词+that从句”中，that从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟。
这里表示“竟然”，should不能省略。
二、对点专练一、单项选择1. Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be comple ted and I wish they ______ always late.A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，这里表示现在的情况。
wish后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反，故选A。
2. Teachers recommend parents ____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustn’t allowD. couldn’t allow【答案】A【解析】句意：为了安全，老师建议家长不要让不满12岁的孩子骑自行车上学。
recommend 表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
3. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused【答案】B【解析】would rather后面的从句要用虚拟语气。
表示现在或将来的动作，用一般过去时；表示过去的动作，用过去完成时。
4. I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldn’t have goneB. didn’t goC. wouldn’t goD. hadn’t gone【答案】A【解析】由句意“没有你的慷慨相助，我不可能熬过那段艰苦岁月。
”可知，该句表示与过去事实相反，故选A。
without your generous help相当于一个条件状语从句if it had not been for your generous help。
5. Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you some help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying【答案】C【解析】这是一个交错条件句。
主句表示与现在事实相反，由从句中的时间状语then可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。
6. — The weather has been very hot and dry.— Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables______.A. wouldn’t dieB. didn’t dieC. hadn’t diedD. wouldn’t have died【答案】D【解析】从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反，主句有时间状语now，表示与现在事实相反，考生很容易受此影响而误选A。
后面句子的意思是“我的菜也不会死了”，说明菜已死，所以这里表示的是与过去事实相反。
7. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they_____ to our help.A. would have comeB. could comeC. have comeD. had come 【答案】A【解析】or暗含虚拟条件，其后的句子相当于主句，由语境可知，与过去事实相反，故谓语动词用would have done。
8. My mom suggests that we _____ eat out for a change this weekend.A. shouldB. mightC. couldD. would 【答案】A【解析】suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
用“should+动词原形”。
9. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时。
10. —It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______.A. hadn’tB. haven'tC. didn'tD. don't 【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。
Hadn’t是hadn’t taken的省略。
11. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a bus iness trip in New York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been 【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，这里表示对过去的愿望。
wish后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反，故选D。
二、单句语法填空1. It is important that we_________(study)hard to succeed.【答案】(should)study【解析】考查主语从句中的虚拟语气，it is important that从句，从句中用(should)+动词原形,所以答案填should study，should可以省略。
