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材料力学Mechanics of Materials构件Structure member强度strength刚度rigidity稳定性stability变形固体solid deformation body基本假设fundamental assumption各向同性Isotropy内力internal force外力external force二力杆two force bar刚体rigid body轴向拉伸Axial tension轴向压缩Axial compression拉力tensile force内力Internal force轴力axial force轴力图diagram of axial force集中载荷concentrate load应力stress平均应力Average stress全应力whole stress平面假设Hypothesis of plane section拉应力Tensile stress应力集中stress concentration剪切shearing正应力normal stress剪应力shearing Stress线应变linear strain剪应变angular strain剪力shearing force弹性应变能Elastic strain energy静定问题statically determinate problem 静不定问题statically indeterminate problem 平衡方程equilibrium equations比例极限Proportional limit弹性极限Elastic limit屈服极限Yielding limit塑性材料ductile material 强度极限Strength limit铸铁cast iron轴Shaft扭转Torsion扭转角The angle of twist扭矩Internal torque扭矩图Internal torque diagram剪应力互等定Theorem of complementary shearingstresses弯曲bending梁Beam固定铰支座Fixed hinged support可动铰支座Movable hinged support固定端Rigidly fixed end简支梁simply supported beam悬臂梁Cantilever beam外伸梁Overhanging beam静定梁Statically determinate beam超静定梁Statically indeterminate beam弯曲内力Internal force in bending弯矩Bending moment内力方程Internal force equation剪力图shearing force diagram弯矩图bending moment diagram分布荷载the distributed load荷载集度the density of the distributed load平面刚架Planar rigid frame曲杆Curved rod纯弯曲Pure Bending中性轴Neutral axis曲率半径the radius of curvature挠度Deflection转角Angle of rotation挠曲线deflection curve位移边界条Boundary conditions of thedisplacement支点位移条件Displacement conditions at thesupports连续条件Continuity conditions 光滑条件Sliding conditions积分常数integral constant 一点的应力状态Stressed state at a point原始单元体Original element 主单元体Principal element主面principal plane 主应力principal stress三向应力状态Three Dimensional State of Stress二向应力状态Plane State of Stress 应力圆Stress Circle单向应力状态Unidirectional State of Stress 主应力迹线Principal stress trajectories应变能密度strain-energy density 强度理论Theories of strength最大拉应力（第一强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile stress（first strength）最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile strain（second strength）最大剪应力（第三强度）理论Theory of maximum shearing stress(third strength)形状改变比能（第四强度）理论Theory of maximum torsional (shearing)strain energy (fourth strength）莫尔强度理论Mohr’s strength theory相当应力Equivalent stress组合变形Composite deformation 斜弯曲Skew bending中性轴方程Equation of the neutral axis 不稳定平衡instable equilibrium拉(压)弯组合变形Bending and tension or compression稳定平衡Stable equilibrium 压杆失稳Loss of stability of the column临界压力the critical pressure of the column 理想压杆Ideal compressive columns长度系数Length coefficient 约束系数constraint coefficient临界应力Critical stress 柔度Flexibility应变能Strain energy 卡氏定理Catigliano’S Theorem莫尔定理(单位力法) Mohr’S theorem(Method of unit force)。
Abelian group 阿贝尔群，又称Abel群ablation 烧蚀abnormal dispersion 反常色散Abrikosov vortex lattice 阿布里科索夫涡旋线格子Abrikocov vortex state 阿布里科索夫涡旋态absorber 吸收体absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱abundance 丰度acceptor doping 受主掺杂acceptor impurity 受主杂质accumulation layer 累积层achromatic phase matching 消色差相位匹配achromatic wave plate 消色差波片achromatism 消色差[性]ac Josephson effect 交流约瑟夫森效应，又称交流Josephson效应acoustic compliance 声顺acoustic ohm 声欧[姆]acoustic stiffness 声劲[度]acoustic-optic tensor 声光系数张量acousto-optic effect 声光效应acousto-optic Q-switch 声光Q－开关acousto-optic signal processor 声光信号处理器acousto-optical tunable filter 声光可调滤波器actinide element 锕系元素activated tunneling 激活隧穿active device 有源器件active region 激活区addressing electrode 寻址电极adiabatic theorem，绝热定理adiabatic transformation 绝热变换adiabatic transport，绝热输运adiabaton 浸渐子，绝热子advection 平流aerodynamic sound 空气动力声aersol 气溶胶affinity potential 亲和势aggregate 聚集体aggregation 聚集Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect AB效应，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB) 效应Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux AB磁通，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB)磁通allowed state 容许态alpha decay ( -decay) 衰变alpha particle ( -particle) 粒子Altshular-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) effect AAS效应，又称Altshular-Aronov-Spivak效应amplification without inversion 无反转放大amplitude limiting 限幅amplitude transformer 变幅杆Andreev reflection 安德列也夫反射，又称Andreev反射Andreev mirror 安德列也夫镜[子]，又称Andreev镜[子] Andreev scattering 安德列也夫散射，又称Andreev散射angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy 角分辨光电子谱[学] anisotropic confinement 各向异性限域anisotropic scatterer, 各向异性散射体anisotropy energy 各向异性能anomalon 反常子anomalous power laws 反常幂[次]率anomalous proximity effect，反常临近效应anomaly 反常antidot 同quantum antidot 反量子点antidodal point 腹点antigravity 反引力antihyperon 反超子anti-localization, 反局域化antimeson 反介子anti-exclusive principle 反不相容原理antiferromagnetic interaction 反铁磁相互作用antiferromagnetic semiconductor 反铁磁半导体anti-Stokes scattering 反斯托克斯散射anti-time ordered function, 反时序函数anyon 任意子aphelion 近日点, 远核点areal density 面密度armchair nanotube 扶手椅型纳米管arrayed waveguide gratings 阵列波导光栅artificial atom，人[工]构[造]原子artificial barrier 人工势垒artificial elment 人造元素atom laser 原子凝射器atom optics 原子光学atom trapping 原子陷俘，原子捕获atom waveguide 原子波导atomic clock原子钟atomic diffraction 原子衍射atomic fountain 原子喷泉atomic form factor 原子形状因子atomic time 原子时attenuation 衰减attosecond X-ray pulse 阿秒X射线脉冲Auger process 俄歇过程，又称Auger过程avalanche counter 雪崩计数器avalanche effect 雪崩效应avalanche photodiodes,apd 雪崩光电二极管azimuth 方位角back-action evasion 非干扰[测量]background radiation 本底辐射，背景辐射background temperature 本底温度, 背景温度balanced homodyne detection平衡零拍探测ballistic aggregate 弹道聚集体ballistic aggregation 弹道聚集ballistic electron injection 弹道电子注入ballistic transport弹道输运ballistics 弹道学band bending 带弯曲band index 带指标band of rotation-vibration 振转[谱]带band offset 带阶band repulsion 带排斥band theory 能带论bar 巴（压强单位），杆Barkhausen noise 巴克豪森噪声，又称Barkhausen噪声barn 巴恩(截面单位，10－24厘米2)barrier 势垒barrier curvature 势垒曲率barrier height 势垒高度barrier state 势垒态barrier tunneling 势垒隧穿base-centered orthorhombic lattice 底心正交格[子] base line 基线base material 基质base metal 碱金属basis vector 基矢beam 束，梁beam dump 束流捕集器beam focusing 束流聚焦behaviour 行为，性能Bell inequality贝尔不等式，又称Bell不等式bend resistance，弯曲电阻bent crystal 弯晶Berry phase 贝里相位，又称Berry相位βdecay β衰变βradioactivity β放射性βray β射线βspectum β谱βstability line β稳定线bevatron 吉伏质子加速器（高能质子同步稳相加速器）bicritical point 双临界点bicrystal junction 双晶结big bang model 大爆炸模型binary diffractive optical element 二元衍射光学元件bioastrophysics 天体生物物理学biochip 生物芯片bipolar junction transistor 双极[结]晶体管bit rate 比特率blackness 黑度blaze line 闪耀角bleaching effect 漂白效应blob 团迹，链滴Bloch electron 布洛赫电子，又称Bloch电子Bloch frequency，布洛赫频率，又称Bloch频率Bloch oscillation，布洛赫振荡，又称Bloch振荡Bloch theorem 布洛赫定理，又称Bloch定理blockade 阻塞Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk [BTK] model BTK模型body-centered cubic lattice 体心立方格[子]body-centered orthorhombic lattice 体心正交格[子]Bogoliubov [-de Gennes] equations 博戈留波夫[－得简斯]方程，又称Bogoliubov [-de Gennes]方程Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann transport equation，玻尔兹曼输运方程bond-angle order 键角有序bond-orientational order 键取向有序bond polarizability 键极化性bond valence 键价boojum 布经(超流氦3中的取向织构)bosonization of field operators 场算符的波色化Bragg peak 布拉格峰，又称Bragg峰Bragg plane 布拉格平面，又称Bragg平面Bragg reflection 布拉格反射，又称Bragg 反射Bragg reflectors 布拉格反射器，又称Bragg 反射器Bragg waveguide 布拉格波导，又称Bragg 波导break junction 断裂结breathing mode呼吸模breeder 增殖反应堆breakup reaction 崩裂反应bright state 亮态brittleness 脆性buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器buffer gas 缓冲气体buffer layer, 缓冲层burn-up 燃耗Büttiker formula, 比特克公式，又称Büttiker公式buzzer 蜂鸣器C-15 structure C-15结构C[a]esium clock 铯钟calorie 卡【洛里】candle 烛光candescence 白热，又称白炽canonical commutation relation 正则对易关系canonical variable 正则变量cantact angle 接触角canted spin order倾斜自旋有序cantilever 悬臂（原子力显微镜中的）canthotaxie眼角[式]排列（另文说明）carbon cycle 碳循环(恒星内部的)carbon nanotube 碳纳米管carrier 载流子carrier concentration 载流子浓度carrier diffuse 载流子扩散carrier reservoir 载流子库Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cauchu-Schwarz inequality Cauchu-Schwarz不等式cavity dark state 腔暗态cavity dumping 腔倒空cavity quantum electrodynamics 腔量子电动力学cavity resonator [谐振]腔共振器14C dating 碳14测年celestial X-ray source 宇宙X 射线源center of inversion 反演中心center of moment 矩心central collision中心碰撞center-of-mass energy 质心系能量centrifuge 离心机centrifugal separation 离心分离ceramic 陶瓷chain folding 链折叠chain statistics 链统计学chalcogenide 硫属化物channel waveguide 沟道波导chaos synchronization 混沌同步chaotic communication 混沌通讯chaotic noise 混沌噪声characteristic impedance 特性阻抗characteristic curve 特征曲线charge-separated plasma 电荷分离等离子体(正负电荷在空间不同区域的等离子体) charge imbalance 电荷不平衡charge ordering 电荷有序charge parity effect，电荷宇称效应charge qubit 电荷量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge-phase qubit 电荷-相位量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge reservoir 电荷库charge stiffness 电荷劲度（衡量外场作用下电荷被自由加速的难易程度）charge-spin coupling电荷自旋耦合（用于自旋电子学）charge stripe phase 电荷条纹相charge-to-mass ratio 荷质比charge transfer insulator 电荷转移绝缘体charge transfer salt 电荷转移盐charge velocity 电荷速度（见于电荷－自旋分离现象）charging energy，充电能chemical shift 化学位移chiral liquid crystal 手征液晶chiral molecule手征分子，又称手性分子chiral symmetry broken 手征对称[性]破缺chirp啁啾chirped Gaussian pulse 啁啾高斯脉冲chirp filter 啁啾滤波器，又称线性调频滤波器，或色散延迟线chopper 斩波器circumlunar orbit 环月轨道circumsolar orbit 环日轨道circumterrestrial orbit 环地轨道cis-lunar space 月地空间clad 覆盖clamping 箝位classical fluid 经典液体clean limit [干]净极限cleaved coupling cavity 解理耦合腔cloning fidelity克隆保真度closed shell 满壳层，又称闭壳层，英文又称closure shellcluster state簇态CNO cycle 碳氮氧循环coalescence 聚合, 并合code 1，[代]码；2，密码；3，符号coding 编码codirectional coupling 同向耦合coefficient of correlation 关联系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coexistence line 共存线(相图中的)coexisting phase 共存相coherence factor 相干因子coherence length，相干长度coherent atomic recoil 相干原子反冲coherent electron tunneling 相干电子隧道coherent peak 相干峰coherent photoassociation 相干光缔合coherent population oscillation相干布居振荡coherent population trapping相干布居囚禁coherent population transfer相干布居迁移coherent structure 拟序结构coherent terahertz waves相干太赫波coherent transient effects 相干暂态效应coherent trap 相干捕获cold finger 冷头cold fusion 冷聚变collective coordinate 集体坐标collective mode 集体模collective motion 集体运动collective pinning model 集体钉扎模型collinear phase matching 共线相位匹配colloid 胶体，胶质colloidal metal 胶体金属colored noise 色噪声colossal magnetoresistance [CMR] 庞磁电阻commensurate lattice 公度格子compact star 致密星compensated impurity 补偿杂质complementary metal oxide semiconductor [CMOS] 互补金属氧化物半导体complex 1，复合体；2，络合物complex analytical signal theory 复解析信号理论complex-conjugate pulses 复共轭脉冲compliance 1，柔度；2，顺度composite Fermion 复合费米子compression of ultrashort pulses 超短脉冲压缩compressor 压缩器，压机concurrence并发纠缠,又称量子并发condensate 凝聚体condensation energy 凝聚能condenser 冷凝器conductance fluctuation, 电导涨落conductance quantization 电导量子化conduction electron 传导电子confinement 1，约束（等离子）；2，限域（凝聚态）；3，禁闭（高能）congregating effect 聚集效应conjugate variable 共轭变量conservation of angular momentum 角动量守恒conservation of crystal momentum 晶体动量守恒conservative dislocation motion 保守位错运动(位错沿滑移面平行于Burgers矢量运动无净质量流)conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation law of flux 磁通守恒律conservation of momentum 动量守恒conservation of particle number粒子数守恒contact angle 接触角contact potential 接触势contact resistance 接触电阻continuation 延拓continuous group 连续群contour line 等值线contour map 等值线图contradirectional coupling反向耦合conventional unit cell 惯用单胞，简称单胞convergence factor 收敛因子conversion electron 内转换电子coolant moderator 载热减速剂cooperative diffusion 合作扩散Cooperon, 库珀子Cooper pair box 库珀对盒子coplanar waveguide 共面波导copolymer 共聚物core energy 芯能core nucleus 核芯[核]correlated spontaneous emission 关联自发发射correlation exponent 关联指数cosmic aerodynamics 宇宙气体动力学cosmic age 宇宙年龄cosmic constant 宇宙常量cosmic [microwave] background radiation [CMBR] 宇宙[微波]背景辐射cosmic microwave background 宇宙微波背景cosmic string 宇宙弦cosmochemistry 宇宙化学，天体化学cosmological nucleosynthesis 宇宙核合成cosmos 宇宙co-tunneling 共隧穿Couette flow 库埃特流Coulomb blockade 库仑阻塞Coulomb gap 库仑隙Coulomb interaction 库仑[相互]作用Coulomb island 库仑岛，又称单电子岛（single electron island）Coulomb potential 库仑势Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力Coulomb staircase 库仑台阶counter telescope 计数器望远镜coupled-channels model 耦合道模型coupled mode theory 耦合模理论coupled waveguides，耦合波导coupled wells耦合阱coupling energy 耦合能coupling strength 耦合强度covalent bond 共价键creep wave蠕波，又称爬波critical assembly [核反应堆]临界装置critical density 临界密度critical dimension 临界维度cross-phase-modulation 交叉相位调制cross field 交叉场cross junction, 十字结crosstalk attenuation 串扰衰减crystal-field splitting 晶［体］场劈裂crystalline anisotropy晶态各向异性crystal symmetry class 晶体对称类cubic lattice 立方格子cuprate 铜氧化物curie 居里(非国际制放射性活度单位)current bias 电流偏置current operator 电流算符cutoff energy，截止能量cyclone 气旋cyclotron effective mass 回旋有效质量D/A converter 等于digital to analog converter 数模转换器damping radiation 阻尼辐射dark current 暗电流dark energy 暗能量dark state 暗态dark-state polariton 暗态光极化子date line 日界线dc Josephson effect 直流约瑟夫森效应，直流Josephson效应dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) 直流超导量子干涉器Debye wave vector 德拜波矢decay heat 衰变热decay time，衰减时间deceleration 减速度decibel 分贝decoherence 退相干，又称消相干decoherence-free 无退相干，又称无消相干decontamination factor 去污因子decoupling epoch 退耦期decoy state 诱骗态deformation potential，形变势degeneracy collapse 简并塌缩degenerate pressure 简并压degenerate star 简并星de Gennes-Taupin length de Gennes-Taupin长度degree of order 有序度de Haas-Shubnikov effect de Haas-Shubnikov效应delay time，延迟时间demultiplexer 解复用器dendrite 1,枝晶；2，枝蔓；3，枝蔓体dense coding 密集编码dense wavelength division multiplexing 密集波分复用density correlation function，密度关联函数density distribution 密度分布density wave 密度波depairing 拆对dephasing length，退相位长度depinning 脱钉[扎]depleted Uranium 贫化铀deplation force 排空力（胶体物理用语）depletion layer 耗尽层descreening 去屏蔽deterministic equation 确定(论)的方程deuterium 氘, 即重氢deuterium oxide 重水dextrorotation 右旋diabatic approach 非绝热近似diagnostics 诊断学diagonal element 对角元diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagonalization 对角化diamond structure 金刚石结构diblock copolymer 双嵌段共聚物dielectric response function 介电响应函数dielectric function，介电函数dielectric microcavity 介电[质]微腔dielectric reflector 介[电]质反射器differential conductance 微分电导differential input 差分输入differential rotation 较差自转（天文学用语）differential scanning calorimetry 差分扫描量热术diffraction-free beam 消衍射光束diffractive binary optics 衍射二元光学diffuseness [parameter] 弥散参数diffusion constant，扩散常数diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion region 扩散区diffusive transport，扩散输运digit 数字digital circuit 数字电路digital cross connect 数字交叉连接digit[al] to analog converter (DAC) 数模转换器digital micromirror device 数字微镜器件dilation 膨胀dilute phase 稀相dilation symmetry 伸缩对称dimensionless conductance 无量纲电导dimer 二聚体dimerization 二聚化dipole interaction 偶极相互作用dipole giant resonance 偶极巨共振Dirac braket 狄拉克括号Dirac picture 狄拉克绘景, 即相互作用绘景directed diffusion 定向扩散directional bond 定向键directional coupler 定向耦合器directional ordering 取向有序directional quantization 方向量子化direction of magnetization 磁化方向direct lattice 正格子，又称正点阵direct transition 直接跃迁dirty limit 脏极限dirty-metal regime，脏金属区discontinuity 1，不连续[性]；2，突变[性] dislocation network 位错网络disordered alloy 无序合金disordered system 无序系统dispersion compensation 色散补偿dispersion-managed solitons 调控色散孤子dissipationless flow 无耗散流dissociation energy 离解能distillable entanglement 可萃取纠缠distinguishable states可区分态distributed Bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射器domain 1，畴；2，[定义]域；3，区域donor level 施主能级dopant 掺杂物doping 掺杂dosimetry 剂量学double-barrier tunneling，双势垒隧穿double exchange interaction 双交换相互作用double heterostructure DH 双异质结doublet state 双重态dressed atom 着衣原子，又称缀饰原子droplet model 小液滴模型Drude model，德鲁德模型duty ratio 占空比d-wave pairing d波配对dyad 并矢dynamical mass 动力学质量(08.02dynamic random access memory [DRAM] 动态随机存储器dynamic screening，动态屏蔽dynamically induced coherence 动态诱导相干dynamo theory 发动机理论dyne 达因early universe 早期宇宙eccentricity 偏心率eclipse 1，食；2，交食edge channel，边缘通道edge dislocation 刃[型]位错edge state，边缘态effective field theory 有效场理论effective Hamiltonian 有效哈密顿量effective mass approximation，有效质量近似Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment EPR思想实验Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect EPR效应Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair EPR对Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox EPR佯谬elastic compliance 弹性顺度elastic deformation 弹性形变electrical isolation 电绝缘electric breakdown 电击穿electric capacity 电容electric resistance 电阻electrical quadrupole moment 电四极矩electrochemical potential 电化学势electromagnetic absorption 电磁吸收electromagnetically induced absorption 电磁感生吸收electromagnetically induced transparency 电磁感生透明electromagnetic-environment effect，电磁环境效应electron backscattering pattern 电子背散射图样electron-beam lithography 电子束刻蚀electron configuration 电子组态electron density 电子密度electron-doped high temperature superconductor 电子掺杂的高温超导体electronegativity 电负性electron-electron interaction，电子－电子相互作用electron-hole pair 电子空穴对electron-hole recombination 电子-空穴复合electron hologram 电子全息术electron transition 电子跃迁electron pair 电子对electron pair tunneling 电子对隧穿electron-phonon coupling 电子声子耦合electron temperature，电子温度electron tunneling 电子隧穿electron waveguide，电子波导electron volt (eV) 电子伏electrorheological effect 电流变效应electrorheological fluid 电流变液Eliashberg equations Eliashberg方程Eliashberg theory of strong coupling Eliashberg强耦合理论elliptical orbit 椭圆轨道elliptic flow 椭圆流emittance 发射度empirical pseudopotential method 经验赝势方法empty lattice approximation 空晶格近似endohedral fullerene 内嵌原子富勒烯end-butt coupling 端面对接耦合energy relaxation length，能量弛豫长度energy transport velocity 能量传输速度ensemble average，系综平均entangled state 纠缠态entanglement 1，纠缠；2，纠缠度entanglement concentration 纠缠浓缩entanglement measure 纠缠度量entanglement monotone 单调纠缠量entanglement of formation 生成纠缠entanglement purification 纠缠纯化entanglement witness 纠缠见证entropy force 熵力envelope function，包络函数epithermal neutron 超热中子epoxy 环氧树脂erbium-doped fiber amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器error correction 纠错Esaki diode 江崎二极管evanescent state，衰逝态even-odd nucleus 偶奇核even parity 偶宇称evolution of inflation 暴涨演化Ewald construction Ewald作图法Ewald sphere Ewald球excess current 过剩电流excess neutron 过剩中子exchange-correlation hole 交换关联空穴exchange-correlation functional 交换关联泛函exchange hole 交换空穴exchange integral 交换积分excitation spectrum 激发谱excluded volume 排除体积exclusion of flux 磁通排斥exclusion principle 不相容原理exotic nucleus 奇特核expanding universe 膨胀宇宙extended [Brillouin] zone scheme 扩展[布里渊]区图式extraterrestrial life 地外生命extravehicular activity(EV A) [太空]舱外活动f-sum rule f求和规则face-centered orthorhombic lattice 面心正交格[子] face-on 正向facsimile 传真，英文简写为faxfacula 光斑Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计faint object 暗天体fan diagram 扇形图F-center F中心Feno lineshape Feno线型Feno resonance Feno共振fan spin order 扇状自旋有序farad (F) 法拉（电容单位）Faraday depolarization 法拉第退偏振Faraday law of electrolysis 法拉第电解定律far-from-equilibrium system，远离平衡态系统far-side 背面（far-side of the moon, 月球背面）far-ultraviolet (FUV) 远紫外fast fission 快裂变fatigue crack 疲劳裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂fatigue strength 疲劳强度feed [source] 馈源feeder 馈线femto (f) 飞（＝10-15）(01)femtosecond pulse shaping 飞秒脉冲成形Fermi age 费米[中子]年龄Fermi age-diffusion equation 费米年龄扩散方程Fermi arc 费米弧Fermi coupling constant 费米耦合常数Fermi energy 费米能量Fermi gas 费米气体Fermi golden rule 费米黄金定则Fermi liquid 费米液体Fermi liquid parameter 费米液体参数Fermi loop 费米环Fermi point 费米点Fermi transition费米跃迁Fermi vacuum 费米真空Fermi velocity 费米速度Fermi wavelength 费米波长Fermi wave vector，费米波矢Fermi’s golden rule费米黄金规则ferrielectric crystal 亚铁电晶体ferrimagnet 亚铁磁体ferroelectric 铁电体ferroelectric crystal 铁电晶体ferromagnet 铁磁体few-cycle pulse少周[期]脉冲few nucleon transfer 少[数]核子转移Feynman path，费曼路径Feynman path integral，费曼路径积分fiber cross connect 光纤交叉连接fiber grating 光纤光栅Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fiducial confidence bar 置信棒fiducial point 基准点field intensity 场强field quantization 场量子化field quantum 场量子field strength 场强figure of merit，又称qualityfactor 品质因数filament 1，丝；2，丝极finite-amplitude wave 有限振幅波，又称大振幅波finite-difference method 有限差分方法finite element method 有限元法finite size effect 有限尺寸效应finite-size scaling 有限尺寸标度first approximation 一级近似first Brillouin zone 第一布里渊区first point of Aries 春分点，英文又称：vernal equinoxfirst point of Cancer 夏至点，英文又称：summer solsticefirst point of Capricornus 冬至点，英文又称：winter solsticefirst point of Libra 秋分点，英文又称：autumnal equinoxFiske steps 费斯克台阶，又称自感应台阶fissility 易裂变性fission 1，裂变；2，分裂fission isomer 裂变同质异能素fission nuclide 裂变核素fission reactor 裂变反应堆fission-spectrum neutron 裂变谱中子fission track dating 裂变径迹年代测定fitting curve 拟合曲线five-fold symmetry 5重对称fixed-range hopping 定程跳跃flash memory 闪速存储器，简称闪存flat spectrum 平谱flattening factor 扁率floating probe 浮置电极，又称浮置探针floating phase 浮置相Floquest theorem 弗洛开定理flow resistance 流阻fluctuating wall 涨落壁fluctuation 涨落（统计物理〕，又称起伏（声学〕fluence 注量fluorescence probe 荧光探剂flux，通量flux 1通量，又称流量；2，注量率；3，焊料；4 助熔剂flux bundle 磁通束flux flow amplifier (FFA) 磁通流放大器flux flow oscillator (FFO) 磁通流振荡器flux flow transistor（FFT）磁通流三极管,又称涡旋流三极管(vortex flow transistor) flux-line lattice 磁通线格子flux line 磁通线flux tube 磁流管flux quantum 磁通量子flux quantization 磁通量子化foam 泡沫focal point 焦点focal ratio 焦比focus 1，焦点；2，震源folding Brillouin zone 折叠布里渊区forbidden beta decay 禁戒b衰变forecast 预报forward bias 正向偏压four-Josephson junction logic (4JL) 四约瑟夫森结逻辑门Fourier analysis 傅里叶分析Fourier transform 傅里叶变换Fourier [transform] nuclear magnetic resonance 傅里叶[变换]核磁共振Fourier [transform] Raman spectroscopy 傅立叶[变换]拉曼谱学four probe method 四探针法four-terminal resistance，4端电阻fractional chain yield 相对链产额fractional cumulative yield 分积累产额fractional distillation 分馏fractional independent yield 分独立产额fractional statistics 分数统计法fragment 1，碎片；2，片段Franck-Condon principle弗兰克-康登原理free electron approximation 自由电子近似free electron gas 自由电子气体free energy 自由能free –free transition 自由－自由跃迁，又称自由态间跃迁freely falling body 自由落体free radical 自由基free spectral range 自由光谱范围freezing point 凝固点Frenkel exciton 弗仑克尔激子frequency conversion 频率转换Frequency division multiplexing 频分复用frequency jitter 频率抖动frequency multiplication 倍频friction 摩擦Friedel oscillation，Friedel振荡Friedel sum rule Friedel求和规则Frohlich interaction Frohlich相互作用front velocity波前速度frustrated magnet 窘组磁体fuel cell 燃料电池Fulde-Ferrell state Fulde-Ferrell态fullerene 富勒烯full moon 满月function 函数functional (1)泛函(2)功能（的）fundamental interaction 基本相互作用fundamental space-filling mode 基本空间填充模fuse (1)熔解(2)保险丝fused silica熔融石英fusion reactor 聚变[核反应]堆fuzzy information 模糊信息fussy mathematics 模糊数学gain-clamping 增益箝位gain efficiency 增益效率Galton plate 伽尔顿板-陈gamma(γ)伽马（地磁场强单位γ＝nT）gamma rayγ射线gap 1，隙；2，能隙gap anisotropy 能隙各向异性gap parameter 能隙参数gaseous state 气态gate1，门；2，栅（极）gate voltage 门电压gauge symmetry 规范对称性gauss (G) 高斯（磁感应强度单位G＝10－4T）Gaussian fluctuation 高斯涨落Gauss law 高斯定理Gauss surface 高斯面generalized Balmer formula 广义巴尔末公式generalized work 广义功general refractive index 广义折射率（量子信息）geomagnetic declination 地磁偏角geomagnetic inclination 地磁倾角geometrical structure factor 几何结构因子geometrization of gravitation 引力几何化German silver 德银g-factor g因子g-factor of electrons 电子的g因子g shift g移位ghost imaging 鬼成像giant magnetoresistance (GMR) 巨磁电阻Giaever tunneling 盖沃尔隧穿（单电（粒）子隧穿）Gibbs ensemble 吉布斯系综gilbert 吉尔（磁通势单位）Ginzburg-Landau coherence length 金兹堡-朗道(GL)相干长度Ginzburg-Landau equation 金兹堡-朗道(GL)方程Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov Go’rkov theory（GLAG）金兹堡-朗道-阿布里科索夫－高里科夫理论Glan-Thompson prism 格兰－汤普森棱镜Glan-Taylor prism 格兰-泰勒棱镜glass phase 玻璃相glassy ceramics 微晶玻璃glassy metal 玻璃态金属Glauber state Glauber态glide axis 滑移轴glide line 滑移线global phase 整体相位（量子信息）goniometer 测角器graded bandgap layer 缓变带隙层Gorter-Casimir two-fluid model 高特－卡西米尔二流体模型Graded index lens (GRIN) 梯度折射率透镜gradient of electric potential 电势梯度gram-molecule 克分子，摩尔（mole）grand free energy 巨自由能granular matter 颗粒物质granular superconductor 颗粒超导体granule 颗粒granularity 颗粒性granular metal 颗粒金属graphite 石墨graphite structure 石墨结构graph [线]图graph state 图态（量子信息）gravitational deflection of light 光线的引力偏折gravity acceleration 重力加速度Gray code 格雷码grazing angle 1，掠射角；2，擦边角greenhouse effect 温室效应group index of refraction 群折射率group theory 群论group velocity dispersion 群速度色散growth 生长growth model 生长模型guest host liquid crystal 宾主型液晶guided wave optics 导波光学gyroscopic effect 回转效应half metal 半金属half metallic magnet 半金属磁体half wave filter 半波滤波器half wave oscillator 半波振子half- wave zone method 半波带法half-wave voltage 半波电压Hall angle 霍尔角Hall coefficient 霍尔系数Hall field 霍尔电场[强度]Hall plateau 霍尔平台Hall resistance 霍尔电阻Hall voltage 霍尔电压halo nucleus 晕核halogen 卤素Hamiltonian matrix哈密顿［量］矩阵hard sphere 硬球hard sphere approximation 硬球近似harmonic generation 谐波产生Hartree-Fock electron 哈特里-福克电子H-center H心health physics 保健物理heat conductivity 1,导热性;2,热导率heat flow vector 热流矢量heat flux 热通量heat switch 热开关heavy electron 重电子heavy element 重元素heavy fermion superconductor 重费米子超导体heavy [fission] fragment 重【裂变】碎片heavy hole 重空穴heavy wall 重壁heavy water 重水hedgehog 猬缺陷height of potential barrier 势垒高度Heisenberg Hamiltonian 海森伯哈密顿量Heisenberg operators 海森伯算符Heisenberg uncertainty principle 海森伯不确定【性】原理Heitler-London theory 海特勒－伦敦理论Helfrich spontaneous curvature model 黑弗里希自发曲率模型helical spin order螺旋自旋有序helium liquefier 氦液化器heptahgedron 七面体Hermite polynomial 厄米多项式Hermitian matrix 厄米矩阵hertz (Hz) 赫兹, 频率单位heterotic superstring theory 杂化超弦理论Heusler alloy 霍伊斯勒合金hexadecapole 十六极hexahedron 六面体hexatic phase 六角相high coherence model 高相干模型high electron mobility transistor 高电子迁移率晶体管（简写：HEMT）high energy particle 高能粒子high-field domain 强场畴high-order dispersion 高阶色散high-order harmonic generation 高阶谐波产生high pass filter 高通滤波器high temperature reservoir 高温热源high temperature superconductor（HTS）高温超导体high vacuum 高真空high voltage electron microscopy 高压电子显微术Hohenberg-Kohn energy functional 霍恩伯格-科恩能量泛函hole-electron recombination 空穴－电子复合hole surface 空穴面(k空间中未占据态区的表面)hole-type high temperature superconductor 空穴型高温超导体holey fiber 多孔光纤hollow core optical fibers 空心光纤holon 空穴子homodyne零拍homodyne detection 零拍探测homolog[ue] 同系物homopolymer 单聚合物honeycomb photonic band gap fiber 蜂窝型光子带隙光纤hopping conductance 跳跃电导hopping energy，跳跃能hopping probability 跳跃概率hopping transport 跳跃输运host 基质host crystal 基质晶体，又称主晶hot carrier 热载流子h/e oscillation h/e振荡h/2e oscillation h/2e振荡Huang equations 黄[昆]方程组Huang-Rhys factor 黄昆－里斯因子Hubbard Hamiltonian 哈勃德哈密顿量Hubbard model 哈勃德模型Hubble time 哈勃时间hybrid bond 杂化键hybrid field effect 混合场效应hydrodynamics 流体［动］力学hydrodynamic mode 流体［动］力学模hydromagnetic disturbance 磁流体扰动hydromagnetic instability 磁流体不稳定性hydrophilic force 亲水力hydrophobic association 疏水缔合hydrophobic force 疏水力hyperbolic point 双曲点hypernucleus 超核hyper-Rayleigh scattering 超瑞利散射hyperspherical coordinate 超球座标hysteresis loop 1，滞后回线；2，磁滞回线hysteresis loss 1，滞后损失；2，磁滞损耗。
Abelian group 阿贝尔群，又称Abel群ablation 烧蚀abnormal dispersion 反常色散Abrikosov vortex lattice 阿布里科索夫涡旋线格子Abrikocov vortex state 阿布里科索夫涡旋态absorber 吸收体absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱abundance 丰度acceptor doping 受主掺杂acceptor impurity 受主杂质accumulation layer 累积层achromatic phase matching 消色差相位匹配achromatic wave plate 消色差波片achromatism 消色差[性]ac Josephson effect 交流约瑟夫森效应，又称交流Josephson效应acoustic compliance 声顺acoustic ohm 声欧[姆]acoustic stiffness 声劲[度]acoustic-optic tensor 声光系数张量acousto-optic effect 声光效应acousto-optic Q-switch 声光Q－开关acousto-optic signal processor 声光信号处理器acousto-optical tunable filter 声光可调滤波器actinide element 锕系元素activated tunneling 激活隧穿active device 有源器件active region 激活区addressing electrode 寻址电极adiabatic theorem，绝热定理adiabatic transformation 绝热变换adiabatic transport，绝热输运adiabaton 浸渐子，绝热子advection 平流aerodynamic sound 空气动力声aersol 气溶胶affinity potential 亲和势aggregate 聚集体aggregation 聚集Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect AB效应，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB) 效应Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux AB磁通，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB)磁通allowed state 容许态alpha decay ( -decay) 衰变alpha particle ( -particle) 粒子Altshular-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) effect AAS效应，又称Altshular-Aronov-Spivak效应amplification without inversion 无反转放大amplitude limiting 限幅amplitude transformer 变幅杆Andreev reflection 安德列也夫反射，又称Andreev反射Andreev mirror 安德列也夫镜[子]，又称Andreev镜[子] Andreev scattering 安德列也夫散射，又称Andreev散射angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy 角分辨光电子谱[学] anisotropic confinement 各向异性限域anisotropic scatterer, 各向异性散射体anisotropy energy 各向异性能anomalon 反常子anomalous power laws 反常幂[次]率anomalous proximity effect，反常临近效应anomaly 反常antidot 同quantum antidot 反量子点antidodal point 腹点antigravity 反引力antihyperon 反超子anti-localization, 反局域化antimeson 反介子anti-exclusive principle 反不相容原理antiferromagnetic interaction 反铁磁相互作用antiferromagnetic semiconductor 反铁磁半导体anti-Stokes scattering 反斯托克斯散射anti-time ordered function, 反时序函数anyon 任意子aphelion 近日点, 远核点areal density 面密度armchair nanotube 扶手椅型纳米管arrayed waveguide gratings 阵列波导光栅artificial atom，人[工]构[造]原子artificial barrier 人工势垒artificial elment 人造元素atom laser 原子凝射器atom optics 原子光学atom trapping 原子陷俘，原子捕获atom waveguide 原子波导atomic clock原子钟atomic diffraction 原子衍射atomic fountain 原子喷泉atomic form factor 原子形状因子atomic time 原子时attenuation 衰减attosecond X-ray pulse 阿秒X射线脉冲Auger process 俄歇过程，又称Auger过程avalanche counter 雪崩计数器avalanche effect 雪崩效应avalanche photodiodes,apd 雪崩光电二极管azimuth 方位角back-action evasion 非干扰[测量]background radiation 本底辐射，背景辐射background temperature 本底温度, 背景温度balanced homodyne detection平衡零拍探测ballistic aggregate 弹道聚集体ballistic aggregation 弹道聚集ballistic electron injection 弹道电子注入ballistic transport弹道输运ballistics 弹道学band bending 带弯曲band index 带指标band of rotation-vibration 振转[谱]带band offset 带阶band repulsion 带排斥band theory 能带论bar 巴（压强单位），杆Barkhausen noise 巴克豪森噪声，又称Barkhausen噪声barn 巴恩(截面单位，10－24厘米2)barrier 势垒barrier curvature 势垒曲率barrier height 势垒高度barrier state 势垒态barrier tunneling 势垒隧穿base-centered orthorhombic lattice 底心正交格[子] base line 基线base material 基质base metal 碱金属basis vector 基矢beam 束，梁beam dump 束流捕集器beam focusing 束流聚焦behaviour 行为，性能Bell inequality贝尔不等式，又称Bell不等式bend resistance，弯曲电阻bent crystal 弯晶Berry phase 贝里相位，又称Berry相位βdecay β衰变βradioactivity β放射性βray β射线βspectum β谱βstability line β稳定线bevatron 吉伏质子加速器（高能质子同步稳相加速器）bicritical point 双临界点bicrystal junction 双晶结big bang model 大爆炸模型binary diffractive optical element 二元衍射光学元件bioastrophysics 天体生物物理学biochip 生物芯片bipolar junction transistor 双极[结]晶体管bit rate 比特率blackness 黑度blaze line 闪耀角bleaching effect 漂白效应blob 团迹，链滴Bloch electron 布洛赫电子，又称Bloch电子Bloch frequency，布洛赫频率，又称Bloch频率Bloch oscillation，布洛赫振荡，又称Bloch振荡Bloch theorem 布洛赫定理，又称Bloch定理blockade 阻塞Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk [BTK] model BTK模型body-centered cubic lattice 体心立方格[子]body-centered orthorhombic lattice 体心正交格[子]Bogoliubov [-de Gennes] equations 博戈留波夫[－得简斯]方程，又称Bogoliubov [-de Gennes]方程Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann transport equation，玻尔兹曼输运方程bond-angle order 键角有序bond-orientational order 键取向有序bond polarizability 键极化性bond valence 键价boojum 布经(超流氦3中的取向织构)bosonization of field operators 场算符的波色化Bragg peak 布拉格峰，又称Bragg峰Bragg plane 布拉格平面，又称Bragg平面Bragg reflection 布拉格反射，又称Bragg 反射Bragg reflectors 布拉格反射器，又称Bragg 反射器Bragg waveguide 布拉格波导，又称Bragg 波导break junction 断裂结breathing mode呼吸模breeder 增殖反应堆breakup reaction 崩裂反应bright state 亮态brittleness 脆性buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器buffer gas 缓冲气体buffer layer, 缓冲层burn-up 燃耗Büttiker formula, 比特克公式，又称Büttiker公式buzzer 蜂鸣器C-15 structure C-15结构C[a]esium clock 铯钟calorie 卡【洛里】candle 烛光candescence 白热，又称白炽canonical commutation relation 正则对易关系canonical variable 正则变量cantact angle 接触角canted spin order倾斜自旋有序cantilever 悬臂（原子力显微镜中的）canthotaxie眼角[式]排列（另文说明）carbon cycle 碳循环(恒星内部的)carbon nanotube 碳纳米管carrier 载流子carrier concentration 载流子浓度carrier diffuse 载流子扩散carrier reservoir 载流子库Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cauchu-Schwarz inequality Cauchu-Schwarz不等式cavity dark state 腔暗态cavity dumping 腔倒空cavity quantum electrodynamics 腔量子电动力学cavity resonator [谐振]腔共振器14C dating 碳14测年celestial X-ray source 宇宙X 射线源center of inversion 反演中心center of moment 矩心central collision中心碰撞center-of-mass energy 质心系能量centrifuge 离心机centrifugal separation 离心分离ceramic 陶瓷chain folding 链折叠chain statistics 链统计学chalcogenide 硫属化物channel waveguide 沟道波导chaos synchronization 混沌同步chaotic communication 混沌通讯chaotic noise 混沌噪声characteristic impedance 特性阻抗characteristic curve 特征曲线charge-separated plasma 电荷分离等离子体(正负电荷在空间不同区域的等离子体) charge imbalance 电荷不平衡charge ordering 电荷有序charge parity effect，电荷宇称效应charge qubit 电荷量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge-phase qubit 电荷-相位量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge reservoir 电荷库charge stiffness 电荷劲度（衡量外场作用下电荷被自由加速的难易程度）charge-spin coupling电荷自旋耦合（用于自旋电子学）charge stripe phase 电荷条纹相charge-to-mass ratio 荷质比charge transfer insulator 电荷转移绝缘体charge transfer salt 电荷转移盐charge velocity 电荷速度（见于电荷－自旋分离现象）charging energy，充电能chemical shift 化学位移chiral liquid crystal 手征液晶chiral molecule手征分子，又称手性分子chiral symmetry broken 手征对称[性]破缺chirp啁啾chirped Gaussian pulse 啁啾高斯脉冲chirp filter 啁啾滤波器，又称线性调频滤波器，或色散延迟线chopper 斩波器circumlunar orbit 环月轨道circumsolar orbit 环日轨道circumterrestrial orbit 环地轨道cis-lunar space 月地空间clad 覆盖clamping 箝位classical fluid 经典液体clean limit [干]净极限cleaved coupling cavity 解理耦合腔cloning fidelity克隆保真度closed shell 满壳层，又称闭壳层，英文又称closure shellcluster state簇态CNO cycle 碳氮氧循环coalescence 聚合, 并合code 1，[代]码；2，密码；3，符号coding 编码codirectional coupling 同向耦合coefficient of correlation 关联系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coexistence line 共存线(相图中的)coexisting phase 共存相coherence factor 相干因子coherence length，相干长度coherent atomic recoil 相干原子反冲coherent electron tunneling 相干电子隧道coherent peak 相干峰coherent photoassociation 相干光缔合coherent population oscillation相干布居振荡coherent population trapping相干布居囚禁coherent population transfer相干布居迁移coherent structure 拟序结构coherent terahertz waves相干太赫波coherent transient effects 相干暂态效应coherent trap 相干捕获cold finger 冷头cold fusion 冷聚变collective coordinate 集体坐标collective mode 集体模collective motion 集体运动collective pinning model 集体钉扎模型collinear phase matching 共线相位匹配colloid 胶体，胶质colloidal metal 胶体金属colored noise 色噪声colossal magnetoresistance [CMR] 庞磁电阻commensurate lattice 公度格子compact star 致密星compensated impurity 补偿杂质complementary metal oxide semiconductor [CMOS] 互补金属氧化物半导体complex 1，复合体；2，络合物complex analytical signal theory 复解析信号理论complex-conjugate pulses 复共轭脉冲compliance 1，柔度；2，顺度composite Fermion 复合费米子compression of ultrashort pulses 超短脉冲压缩compressor 压缩器，压机concurrence并发纠缠,又称量子并发condensate 凝聚体condensation energy 凝聚能condenser 冷凝器conductance fluctuation, 电导涨落conductance quantization 电导量子化conduction electron 传导电子confinement 1，约束（等离子）；2，限域（凝聚态）；3，禁闭（高能）congregating effect 聚集效应conjugate variable 共轭变量conservation of angular momentum 角动量守恒conservation of crystal momentum 晶体动量守恒conservative dislocation motion 保守位错运动(位错沿滑移面平行于Burgers矢量运动无净质量流)conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation law of flux 磁通守恒律conservation of momentum 动量守恒conservation of particle number粒子数守恒contact angle 接触角contact potential 接触势contact resistance 接触电阻continuation 延拓continuous group 连续群contour line 等值线contour map 等值线图contradirectional coupling反向耦合conventional unit cell 惯用单胞，简称单胞convergence factor 收敛因子conversion electron 内转换电子coolant moderator 载热减速剂cooperative diffusion 合作扩散Cooperon, 库珀子Cooper pair box 库珀对盒子coplanar waveguide 共面波导copolymer 共聚物core energy 芯能core nucleus 核芯[核]correlated spontaneous emission 关联自发发射correlation exponent 关联指数cosmic aerodynamics 宇宙气体动力学cosmic age 宇宙年龄cosmic constant 宇宙常量cosmic [microwave] background radiation [CMBR] 宇宙[微波]背景辐射cosmic microwave background 宇宙微波背景cosmic string 宇宙弦cosmochemistry 宇宙化学，天体化学cosmological nucleosynthesis 宇宙核合成cosmos 宇宙co-tunneling 共隧穿Couette flow 库埃特流Coulomb blockade 库仑阻塞Coulomb gap 库仑隙Coulomb interaction 库仑[相互]作用Coulomb island 库仑岛，又称单电子岛（single electron island）Coulomb potential 库仑势Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力Coulomb staircase 库仑台阶counter telescope 计数器望远镜coupled-channels model 耦合道模型coupled mode theory 耦合模理论coupled waveguides，耦合波导coupled wells耦合阱coupling energy 耦合能coupling strength 耦合强度covalent bond 共价键creep wave蠕波，又称爬波critical assembly [核反应堆]临界装置critical density 临界密度critical dimension 临界维度cross-phase-modulation 交叉相位调制cross field 交叉场cross junction, 十字结crosstalk attenuation 串扰衰减crystal-field splitting 晶［体］场劈裂crystalline anisotropy晶态各向异性crystal symmetry class 晶体对称类cubic lattice 立方格子cuprate 铜氧化物curie 居里(非国际制放射性活度单位)current bias 电流偏置current operator 电流算符cutoff energy，截止能量cyclone 气旋cyclotron effective mass 回旋有效质量D/A converter 等于digital to analog converter 数模转换器damping radiation 阻尼辐射dark current 暗电流dark energy 暗能量dark state 暗态dark-state polariton 暗态光极化子date line 日界线dc Josephson effect 直流约瑟夫森效应，直流Josephson效应dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) 直流超导量子干涉器Debye wave vector 德拜波矢decay heat 衰变热decay time，衰减时间deceleration 减速度decibel 分贝decoherence 退相干，又称消相干decoherence-free 无退相干，又称无消相干decontamination factor 去污因子decoupling epoch 退耦期decoy state 诱骗态deformation potential，形变势degeneracy collapse 简并塌缩degenerate pressure 简并压degenerate star 简并星de Gennes-Taupin length de Gennes-Taupin长度degree of order 有序度de Haas-Shubnikov effect de Haas-Shubnikov效应delay time，延迟时间demultiplexer 解复用器dendrite 1,枝晶；2，枝蔓；3，枝蔓体dense coding 密集编码dense wavelength division multiplexing 密集波分复用density correlation function，密度关联函数density distribution 密度分布density wave 密度波depairing 拆对dephasing length，退相位长度depinning 脱钉[扎]depleted Uranium 贫化铀deplation force 排空力（胶体物理用语）depletion layer 耗尽层descreening 去屏蔽deterministic equation 确定(论)的方程deuterium 氘, 即重氢deuterium oxide 重水dextrorotation 右旋diabatic approach 非绝热近似diagnostics 诊断学diagonal element 对角元diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagonalization 对角化diamond structure 金刚石结构diblock copolymer 双嵌段共聚物dielectric response function 介电响应函数dielectric function，介电函数dielectric microcavity 介电[质]微腔dielectric reflector 介[电]质反射器differential conductance 微分电导differential input 差分输入differential rotation 较差自转（天文学用语）differential scanning calorimetry 差分扫描量热术diffraction-free beam 消衍射光束diffractive binary optics 衍射二元光学diffuseness [parameter] 弥散参数diffusion constant，扩散常数diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion region 扩散区diffusive transport，扩散输运digit 数字digital circuit 数字电路digital cross connect 数字交叉连接digit[al] to analog converter (DAC) 数模转换器digital micromirror device 数字微镜器件dilation 膨胀dilute phase 稀相dilation symmetry 伸缩对称dimensionless conductance 无量纲电导dimer 二聚体dimerization 二聚化dipole interaction 偶极相互作用dipole giant resonance 偶极巨共振Dirac braket 狄拉克括号Dirac picture 狄拉克绘景, 即相互作用绘景directed diffusion 定向扩散directional bond 定向键directional coupler 定向耦合器directional ordering 取向有序directional quantization 方向量子化direction of magnetization 磁化方向direct lattice 正格子，又称正点阵direct transition 直接跃迁dirty limit 脏极限dirty-metal regime，脏金属区discontinuity 1，不连续[性]；2，突变[性] dislocation network 位错网络disordered alloy 无序合金disordered system 无序系统dispersion compensation 色散补偿dispersion-managed solitons 调控色散孤子dissipationless flow 无耗散流dissociation energy 离解能distillable entanglement 可萃取纠缠distinguishable states可区分态distributed Bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射器domain 1，畴；2，[定义]域；3，区域donor level 施主能级dopant 掺杂物doping 掺杂dosimetry 剂量学double-barrier tunneling，双势垒隧穿double exchange interaction 双交换相互作用double heterostructure DH 双异质结doublet state 双重态dressed atom 着衣原子，又称缀饰原子droplet model 小液滴模型Drude model，德鲁德模型duty ratio 占空比d-wave pairing d波配对dyad 并矢dynamical mass 动力学质量(08.02dynamic random access memory [DRAM] 动态随机存储器dynamic screening，动态屏蔽dynamically induced coherence 动态诱导相干dynamo theory 发动机理论dyne 达因early universe 早期宇宙eccentricity 偏心率eclipse 1，食；2，交食edge channel，边缘通道edge dislocation 刃[型]位错edge state，边缘态effective field theory 有效场理论effective Hamiltonian 有效哈密顿量effective mass approximation，有效质量近似Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment EPR思想实验Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect EPR效应Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair EPR对Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox EPR佯谬elastic compliance 弹性顺度elastic deformation 弹性形变electrical isolation 电绝缘electric breakdown 电击穿electric capacity 电容electric resistance 电阻electrical quadrupole moment 电四极矩electrochemical potential 电化学势electromagnetic absorption 电磁吸收electromagnetically induced absorption 电磁感生吸收electromagnetically induced transparency 电磁感生透明electromagnetic-environment effect，电磁环境效应electron backscattering pattern 电子背散射图样electron-beam lithography 电子束刻蚀electron configuration 电子组态electron density 电子密度electron-doped high temperature superconductor 电子掺杂的高温超导体electronegativity 电负性electron-electron interaction，电子－电子相互作用electron-hole pair 电子空穴对electron-hole recombination 电子-空穴复合electron hologram 电子全息术electron transition 电子跃迁electron pair 电子对electron pair tunneling 电子对隧穿electron-phonon coupling 电子声子耦合electron temperature，电子温度electron tunneling 电子隧穿electron waveguide，电子波导electron volt (eV) 电子伏electrorheological effect 电流变效应electrorheological fluid 电流变液Eliashberg equations Eliashberg方程Eliashberg theory of strong coupling Eliashberg强耦合理论elliptical orbit 椭圆轨道elliptic flow 椭圆流emittance 发射度empirical pseudopotential method 经验赝势方法empty lattice approximation 空晶格近似endohedral fullerene 内嵌原子富勒烯end-butt coupling 端面对接耦合energy relaxation length，能量弛豫长度energy transport velocity 能量传输速度ensemble average，系综平均entangled state 纠缠态entanglement 1，纠缠；2，纠缠度entanglement concentration 纠缠浓缩entanglement measure 纠缠度量entanglement monotone 单调纠缠量entanglement of formation 生成纠缠entanglement purification 纠缠纯化entanglement witness 纠缠见证entropy force 熵力envelope function，包络函数epithermal neutron 超热中子epoxy 环氧树脂erbium-doped fiber amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器error correction 纠错Esaki diode 江崎二极管evanescent state，衰逝态even-odd nucleus 偶奇核even parity 偶宇称evolution of inflation 暴涨演化Ewald construction Ewald作图法Ewald sphere Ewald球excess current 过剩电流excess neutron 过剩中子exchange-correlation hole 交换关联空穴exchange-correlation functional 交换关联泛函exchange hole 交换空穴exchange integral 交换积分excitation spectrum 激发谱excluded volume 排除体积exclusion of flux 磁通排斥exclusion principle 不相容原理exotic nucleus 奇特核expanding universe 膨胀宇宙extended [Brillouin] zone scheme 扩展[布里渊]区图式extraterrestrial life 地外生命extravehicular activity(EV A) [太空]舱外活动f-sum rule f求和规则face-centered orthorhombic lattice 面心正交格[子] face-on 正向facsimile 传真，英文简写为faxfacula 光斑Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计faint object 暗天体fan diagram 扇形图F-center F中心Feno lineshape Feno线型Feno resonance Feno共振fan spin order 扇状自旋有序farad (F) 法拉（电容单位）Faraday depolarization 法拉第退偏振Faraday law of electrolysis 法拉第电解定律far-from-equilibrium system，远离平衡态系统far-side 背面（far-side of the moon, 月球背面）far-ultraviolet (FUV) 远紫外fast fission 快裂变fatigue crack 疲劳裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂fatigue strength 疲劳强度feed [source] 馈源feeder 馈线femto (f) 飞（＝10-15）(01)femtosecond pulse shaping 飞秒脉冲成形Fermi age 费米[中子]年龄Fermi age-diffusion equation 费米年龄扩散方程Fermi arc 费米弧Fermi coupling constant 费米耦合常数Fermi energy 费米能量Fermi gas 费米气体Fermi golden rule 费米黄金定则Fermi liquid 费米液体Fermi liquid parameter 费米液体参数Fermi loop 费米环Fermi point 费米点Fermi transition费米跃迁Fermi vacuum 费米真空Fermi velocity 费米速度Fermi wavelength 费米波长Fermi wave vector，费米波矢Fermi’s golden rule费米黄金规则ferrielectric crystal 亚铁电晶体ferrimagnet 亚铁磁体ferroelectric 铁电体ferroelectric crystal 铁电晶体ferromagnet 铁磁体few-cycle pulse少周[期]脉冲few nucleon transfer 少[数]核子转移Feynman path，费曼路径Feynman path integral，费曼路径积分fiber cross connect 光纤交叉连接fiber grating 光纤光栅Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fiducial confidence bar 置信棒fiducial point 基准点field intensity 场强field quantization 场量子化field quantum 场量子field strength 场强figure of merit，又称qualityfactor 品质因数filament 1，丝；2，丝极finite-amplitude wave 有限振幅波，又称大振幅波finite-difference method 有限差分方法finite element method 有限元法finite size effect 有限尺寸效应finite-size scaling 有限尺寸标度first approximation 一级近似first Brillouin zone 第一布里渊区first point of Aries 春分点，英文又称：vernal equinoxfirst point of Cancer 夏至点，英文又称：summer solsticefirst point of Capricornus 冬至点，英文又称：winter solsticefirst point of Libra 秋分点，英文又称：autumnal equinoxFiske steps 费斯克台阶，又称自感应台阶fissility 易裂变性fission 1，裂变；2，分裂fission isomer 裂变同质异能素fission nuclide 裂变核素fission reactor 裂变反应堆fission-spectrum neutron 裂变谱中子fission track dating 裂变径迹年代测定fitting curve 拟合曲线five-fold symmetry 5重对称fixed-range hopping 定程跳跃flash memory 闪速存储器，简称闪存flat spectrum 平谱flattening factor 扁率floating probe 浮置电极，又称浮置探针floating phase 浮置相Floquest theorem 弗洛开定理flow resistance 流阻fluctuating wall 涨落壁fluctuation 涨落（统计物理〕，又称起伏（声学〕fluence 注量fluorescence probe 荧光探剂flux，通量flux 1通量，又称流量；2，注量率；3，焊料；4 助熔剂flux bundle 磁通束flux flow amplifier (FFA) 磁通流放大器flux flow oscillator (FFO) 磁通流振荡器flux flow transistor（FFT）磁通流三极管,又称涡旋流三极管(vortex flow transistor) flux-line lattice 磁通线格子flux line 磁通线flux tube 磁流管flux quantum 磁通量子flux quantization 磁通量子化foam 泡沫focal point 焦点focal ratio 焦比focus 1，焦点；2，震源folding Brillouin zone 折叠布里渊区forbidden beta decay 禁戒b衰变forecast 预报forward bias 正向偏压four-Josephson junction logic (4JL) 四约瑟夫森结逻辑门Fourier analysis 傅里叶分析Fourier transform 傅里叶变换Fourier [transform] nuclear magnetic resonance 傅里叶[变换]核磁共振Fourier [transform] Raman spectroscopy 傅立叶[变换]拉曼谱学four probe method 四探针法four-terminal resistance，4端电阻fractional chain yield 相对链产额fractional cumulative yield 分积累产额fractional distillation 分馏fractional independent yield 分独立产额fractional statistics 分数统计法fragment 1，碎片；2，片段Franck-Condon principle弗兰克-康登原理free electron approximation 自由电子近似free electron gas 自由电子气体free energy 自由能free –free transition 自由－自由跃迁，又称自由态间跃迁freely falling body 自由落体free radical 自由基free spectral range 自由光谱范围freezing point 凝固点Frenkel exciton 弗仑克尔激子frequency conversion 频率转换Frequency division multiplexing 频分复用frequency jitter 频率抖动frequency multiplication 倍频friction 摩擦Friedel oscillation，Friedel振荡Friedel sum rule Friedel求和规则Frohlich interaction Frohlich相互作用front velocity波前速度frustrated magnet 窘组磁体fuel cell 燃料电池Fulde-Ferrell state Fulde-Ferrell态fullerene 富勒烯full moon 满月function 函数functional (1)泛函(2)功能（的）fundamental interaction 基本相互作用fundamental space-filling mode 基本空间填充模fuse (1)熔解(2)保险丝fused silica熔融石英fusion reactor 聚变[核反应]堆fuzzy information 模糊信息fussy mathematics 模糊数学gain-clamping 增益箝位gain efficiency 增益效率Galton plate 伽尔顿板-陈gamma(γ)伽马（地磁场强单位γ＝nT）gamma rayγ射线gap 1，隙；2，能隙gap anisotropy 能隙各向异性gap parameter 能隙参数gaseous state 气态gate1，门；2，栅（极）gate voltage 门电压gauge symmetry 规范对称性gauss (G) 高斯（磁感应强度单位G＝10－4T）Gaussian fluctuation 高斯涨落Gauss law 高斯定理Gauss surface 高斯面generalized Balmer formula 广义巴尔末公式generalized work 广义功general refractive index 广义折射率（量子信息）geomagnetic declination 地磁偏角geomagnetic inclination 地磁倾角geometrical structure factor 几何结构因子geometrization of gravitation 引力几何化German silver 德银g-factor g因子g-factor of electrons 电子的g因子g shift g移位ghost imaging 鬼成像giant magnetoresistance (GMR) 巨磁电阻Giaever tunneling 盖沃尔隧穿（单电（粒）子隧穿）Gibbs ensemble 吉布斯系综gilbert 吉尔（磁通势单位）Ginzburg-Landau coherence length 金兹堡-朗道(GL)相干长度Ginzburg-Landau equation 金兹堡-朗道(GL)方程Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov Go’rkov theory（GLAG）金兹堡-朗道-阿布里科索夫－高里科夫理论Glan-Thompson prism 格兰－汤普森棱镜Glan-Taylor prism 格兰-泰勒棱镜glass phase 玻璃相glassy ceramics 微晶玻璃glassy metal 玻璃态金属Glauber state Glauber态glide axis 滑移轴glide line 滑移线global phase 整体相位（量子信息）goniometer 测角器graded bandgap layer 缓变带隙层Gorter-Casimir two-fluid model 高特－卡西米尔二流体模型Graded index lens (GRIN) 梯度折射率透镜gradient of electric potential 电势梯度gram-molecule 克分子，摩尔（mole）grand free energy 巨自由能granular matter 颗粒物质granular superconductor 颗粒超导体granule 颗粒granularity 颗粒性granular metal 颗粒金属graphite 石墨graphite structure 石墨结构graph [线]图graph state 图态（量子信息）gravitational deflection of light 光线的引力偏折gravity acceleration 重力加速度Gray code 格雷码grazing angle 1，掠射角；2，擦边角greenhouse effect 温室效应group index of refraction 群折射率group theory 群论group velocity dispersion 群速度色散growth 生长growth model 生长模型guest host liquid crystal 宾主型液晶guided wave optics 导波光学gyroscopic effect 回转效应half metal 半金属half metallic magnet 半金属磁体half wave filter 半波滤波器half wave oscillator 半波振子half- wave zone method 半波带法half-wave voltage 半波电压Hall angle 霍尔角Hall coefficient 霍尔系数Hall field 霍尔电场[强度]Hall plateau 霍尔平台Hall resistance 霍尔电阻Hall voltage 霍尔电压halo nucleus 晕核halogen 卤素Hamiltonian matrix哈密顿［量］矩阵hard sphere 硬球hard sphere approximation 硬球近似harmonic generation 谐波产生Hartree-Fock electron 哈特里-福克电子H-center H心health physics 保健物理heat conductivity 1,导热性;2,热导率heat flow vector 热流矢量heat flux 热通量heat switch 热开关heavy electron 重电子heavy element 重元素heavy fermion superconductor 重费米子超导体heavy [fission] fragment 重【裂变】碎片heavy hole 重空穴heavy wall 重壁heavy water 重水hedgehog 猬缺陷height of potential barrier 势垒高度Heisenberg Hamiltonian 海森伯哈密顿量Heisenberg operators 海森伯算符Heisenberg uncertainty principle 海森伯不确定【性】原理Heitler-London theory 海特勒－伦敦理论Helfrich spontaneous curvature model 黑弗里希自发曲率模型helical spin order螺旋自旋有序helium liquefier 氦液化器heptahgedron 七面体Hermite polynomial 厄米多项式Hermitian matrix 厄米矩阵hertz (Hz) 赫兹, 频率单位heterotic superstring theory 杂化超弦理论Heusler alloy 霍伊斯勒合金hexadecapole 十六极hexahedron 六面体hexatic phase 六角相high coherence model 高相干模型high electron mobility transistor 高电子迁移率晶体管（简写：HEMT）high energy particle 高能粒子high-field domain 强场畴high-order dispersion 高阶色散high-order harmonic generation 高阶谐波产生high pass filter 高通滤波器high temperature reservoir 高温热源high temperature superconductor（HTS）高温超导体high vacuum 高真空high voltage electron microscopy 高压电子显微术Hohenberg-Kohn energy functional 霍恩伯格-科恩能量泛函hole-electron recombination 空穴－电子复合hole surface 空穴面(k空间中未占据态区的表面)hole-type high temperature superconductor 空穴型高温超导体holey fiber 多孔光纤hollow core optical fibers 空心光纤holon 空穴子homodyne零拍homodyne detection 零拍探测homolog[ue] 同系物homopolymer 单聚合物honeycomb photonic band gap fiber 蜂窝型光子带隙光纤hopping conductance 跳跃电导hopping energy，跳跃能hopping probability 跳跃概率hopping transport 跳跃输运host 基质host crystal 基质晶体，又称主晶hot carrier 热载流子h/e oscillation h/e振荡h/2e oscillation h/2e振荡Huang equations 黄[昆]方程组Huang-Rhys factor 黄昆－里斯因子Hubbard Hamiltonian 哈勃德哈密顿量Hubbard model 哈勃德模型Hubble time 哈勃时间hybrid bond 杂化键hybrid field effect 混合场效应hydrodynamics 流体［动］力学hydrodynamic mode 流体［动］力学模hydromagnetic disturbance 磁流体扰动hydromagnetic instability 磁流体不稳定性hydrophilic force 亲水力hydrophobic association 疏水缔合hydrophobic force 疏水力hyperbolic point 双曲点hypernucleus 超核hyper-Rayleigh scattering 超瑞利散射hyperspherical coordinate 超球座标hysteresis loop 1，滞后回线；2，磁滞回线hysteresis loss 1，滞后损失；2，磁滞损耗。
物理单词中英对照1. 力（Force）在物理学中，力是使物体产生加速度的原因。
2. 质量（Mass）质量是物体所含物质的量，是衡量物体惯性大小的物理量。
3. 速度（Velocity）速度是描述物体位置变化快慢和方向的物理量。
4. 加速度（Acceleration）加速度是描述速度变化快慢的物理量。
5. 动能（Kinetic Energy）动能是物体由于运动而具有的能量。
6. 势能（Potential Energy）势能是物体由于位置关系而具有的能量。
7. 功（Work）功是力在物体上产生位移的过程，是能量转化的量度。
8. 功率（Power）功率是单位时间内做功的多少，表示能量转化速率。
9. 温度（Temperature）温度是衡量物体冷热程度的物理量。
10. 压强（Pressure）压强是单位面积上受到的力的大小。
11. 密度（Density）密度是单位体积内物质的质量。
12. 摩擦力（Friction）摩擦力是两个接触物体在相对运动时产生的阻力。
13. 重力（Gravity）重力是地球对物体产生的吸引力。
14. 电荷（Electric Charge）电荷是物质的一种基本属性，表现为物体间的电磁相互作用。
15. 电流（Electric Current）电流是电荷在单位时间内通过导体截面的量。
16. 电压（Electric Voltage）电压是推动电荷流动的电势差。
17. 电阻（Electric Resistance）电阻是导体对电流阻碍作用的物理量。
18. 磁场（Magnetic Field）磁场是描述磁力作用范围的物理量。
19. 振动（Vibration）振动是物体围绕平衡位置做周期性运动的现象。
20. 波（Wave）波是振动在介质中传播的过程。
物理单词中英对照（续）21. 频率（Frequency）频率是指单位时间内完成振动的次数，是描述波动特性的基本参数。
22. 波长（Wavelength）波长是波在一个周期内传播的距离，它与频率共同决定了波的速度。
目录英文缩写词钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义常见材料学专业名词中英文对译对文中使用的英文缩写词说明如下：缩写英文原文中文翻译CQ Commercial Quality 普通级DQ Drawing Quality 冲压级DDQ Deep Drawing Quality 深冲级EDDQ Extra Deep Drawing Quality 超深冲级CSP Compact Srip Production 紧凑式带钢生产IF Interstitial Free (Steel) 无间隙原子(钢)LC Low Carbon 低碳(钢)DSA Dynamic Strain Aging 动态应变老化MFS Mean Flow Stress 平均流动应力YS Yield Stress 屈服应力DRC Dynamic Recovery 动态回复DRX Dynamic Recrystallization 动态再结晶SRX Static Recrystallization 静态再结晶SRC Static Recovery 静态回复Ti-IF Ti Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛无间隙原子(钢)Ti-Nb IF Ti-Nb Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛铌无间隙原子(钢)ULC Ultra Low Carbon(Steel) 超低碳钢DSP Direct Strip Production 带钢直接生产FTSR Flexible Thin Slab Rolling 灵活性薄板坯轧制C.C.T Continuous Cooling Transformation 过冷奥氏体连续转变曲线T.T.T Time Temperature Transformation 过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science 社会科学统计软件包钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义常见材料学专业名词中英文对译物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mill's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋转Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel 熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet 上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B andSI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, &SI-CORE-HI-B-LS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, &SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards 钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) –strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General轴承合金–日工标准JIS H 5401Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准JIS H 4341Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire(to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521)Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire – National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition 弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会ASTM A313 – 1987Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet) 易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ = 1/100 mm)Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire 加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义缩写英文原文中文翻译CQ Commercial Quality 普通级DQ Drawing Quality 冲压级DDQ Deep Drawing Quality 深冲级EDDQ Extra Deep Drawing Quality 超深冲级CSP Compact Srip Production 紧凑式带钢生产IF Interstitial Free (Steel) 无间隙原子(钢)LC Low Carbon 低碳(钢)DSA Dynamic Strain Aging 动态应变老化MFS Mean Flow Stress 平均流动应力YS Yield Stress 屈服应力DRC Dynamic Recovery 动态回复DRX Dynamic Recrystallization 动态再结晶SRX Static Recrystallization 静态再结晶SRC Static Recovery 静态回复Ti-IF Ti Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛无间隙原子(钢)-------------Ti-Nb IF Ti-Nb Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛铌无间隙原子(钢)ULC Ultra Low Carbon(Steel) 超低碳钢DSP Direct Strip Production 带钢直接生产FTSR Flexible Thin Slab Rolling 灵活性薄板坯轧制C.C.T Continuous Cooling Transformation 过冷奥氏体连续转变曲线T.T.T Time Temperature Transformation 过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science 社会科学统计软件包-------------。
目录英文缩写词钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义常见材料学专业名词中英文对译对文中使用的英文缩写词说明如下：缩写英文原文中文翻译CQ Commercial Quality 普通级DQ Drawing Quality 冲压级DDQ Deep Drawing Quality 深冲级EDDQ Extra Deep Drawing Quality 超深冲级CSP Compact Srip Production 紧凑式带钢生产IF Interstitial Free (Steel) 无间隙原子(钢)LC Low Carbon 低碳(钢)DSA Dynamic Strain Aging 动态应变老化MFS Mean Flow Stress 平均流动应力YS Yield Stress 屈服应力DRC Dynamic Recovery 动态回复DRX Dynamic Recrystallization 动态再结晶SRX Static Recrystallization 静态再结晶SRC Static Recovery 静态回复Ti-IF Ti Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛无间隙原子(钢)Ti-Nb IF Ti-Nb Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛铌无间隙原子(钢)ULC Ultra Low Carbon(Steel) 超低碳钢DSP Direct Strip Production 带钢直接生产FTSR Flexible Thin Slab Rolling 灵活性薄板坯轧制C.C.T Continuous Cooling Transformation 过冷奥氏体连续转变曲线T.T.T Time Temperature Transformation 过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science 社会科学统计软件包钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义常见材料学专业名词中英文对译物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mill's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋转Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel 熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet 上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B andSI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, &SI-CORE-HI-B-LS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, &SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards 钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) –strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General轴承合金–日工标准JIS H 5401Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准JIS H 4341Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire(to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521)Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire – National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition 弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会ASTM A313 – 1987Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet) 易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ = 1/100 mm)Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire 加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance钢号中所采用的缩写字母及其涵义缩写英文原文中文翻译CQ Commercial Quality 普通级DQ Drawing Quality 冲压级DDQ Deep Drawing Quality 深冲级EDDQ Extra Deep Drawing Quality 超深冲级CSP Compact Srip Production 紧凑式带钢生产IF Interstitial Free (Steel) 无间隙原子(钢)LC Low Carbon 低碳(钢)DSA Dynamic Strain Aging 动态应变老化MFS Mean Flow Stress 平均流动应力YS Yield Stress 屈服应力DRC Dynamic Recovery 动态回复DRX Dynamic Recrystallization 动态再结晶SRX Static Recrystallization 静态再结晶SRC Static Recovery 静态回复Ti-IF Ti Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛无间隙原子(钢)精品文档Ti-Nb IF Ti-Nb Interstitial Free (Steel) 含钛铌无间隙原子(钢)ULC Ultra Low Carbon(Steel) 超低碳钢DSP Direct Strip Production 带钢直接生产FTSR Flexible Thin Slab Rolling 灵活性薄板坯轧制C.C.T Continuous Cooling Transformation 过冷奥氏体连续转变曲线T.T.T Time Temperature Transformation 过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science 社会科学统计软件包精品文档。
常见材料学专业名词中英文对译材料科学 Material Science材料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能 Machinability强度 Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability 金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素 Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图 Atom Constitutes 周期表 Periodic Table原子键结 Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性 Features of Metal晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant米勒指数 Mill's Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound金属变态 Transformation变态点 Transformation Point磁性变态 Magnetic Transformation 同素变态 Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium 相律 Phase Rule自由度 Degree of freedom临界温度 Critical temperture共晶 Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能 Chemical Properties物理性能 Physical Properties颜色 Colour磁性 Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density 比热 Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion 导热度 Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度Yield strength伸长度 Elongation断面缩率 Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection 显微观察法 Microscopicinspection破坏的检验 DestructiveInspection冲击测试 Impact Test疲劳测试 Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度 Creeps Strength第壹潜变期 Primary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相 Steel Phases钢铁的名称 Name of steel纯铁体 Ferrite渗碳体 Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共释钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid 奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel 单相金属 Single Phase Metal共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体 Pearlite粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation 钢铁的制造 Manufacturing of Steel 连续铸造法 Continuous castingprocess电炉 Electric furnace钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介 General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End UsageSulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能 Hardenability钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel 低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finishEnd usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test 曲面(假曲率) Camber防止生锈 Rust Protection生锈速度表 Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力 Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊 Spot welding滚焊 Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程 Production Flow Chart锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass表面处理 Surface Treatment冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled SteelSheet/Strip热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet 长度公差 Length Tolerance 理论质量 Theoretical Mass简介 General硬度 Hardness钢的种类 Type of Steel表面处理 Surface Finish常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅 [硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation ofElectrical Steel Sheets退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面 Surface Insulation镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途 End Usages抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance 公差 Size Tolerance焊接能力 Weldability钢板 Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart 钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢 Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel 铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel表面处理 Surface finish不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of themost commonly used Stainless Steel 不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips 耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy边缘处理 Edge Finish 硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip 分类 Classification用组织结构分类 Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢 Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use 冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished淬火剂 Quenching Media碳钢回火 Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing 中途退火 Process Annealing球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip 金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip 镀镍 Nickel Plated镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal 黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal 轴承合金 Bearing Alloy易溶合金 Fusible Alloy化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties化学成份 Chemical composition Manufacturing Method应用材料 Material Used特点 Characteristic用途 End Usages材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,热导率thermal conductivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain,塑性应变plastic strain,屈服强度yield strength,最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,最大强度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reduction of area,颈缩necking,断裂强度breaking strength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength, 蜂窝 honeycomb,热脆性 heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point, 点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,弥勒指数Miller indices,晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变disordered-order transition,马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, 金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment,熟料 grog,自恰场self-consistent field固溶体Solid solution:有序固溶体ordered solid solution, 无序固溶体disordered solid solution,有序合金ordered alloy,无序合金disordered alloy.无序点阵disordered lattice, 分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant,分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive, 分散剂，弥散剂dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,点缺陷point defect,线缺陷 line defect, dislocation,面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,体缺陷volume defect,位错排列dislocation arrangement, 位错阵列dislocation array,位错气团dislocation atmosphere,位错轴dislocation axis,位错胞dislocation cell,位错爬移dislocation climb,位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,位错聚结dislocation coalescence, 位错核心能量dislocation core energy,位错裂纹dislocation crack,位错阻尼dislocation damping,。
常用物理单词的中英文对照表常用物理单词的中英文对照表物理（Physics）能量（Energy）质量（Mass）力（Force）速度（Velocity）加速度（Acceleration）角度（Angle）力学（Mechanics）热力学（Thermodynamics）电动力学（Electrodynamics）电磁场（Electromagnetic Field）光学（Optics）原子（Atom）分子（Molecule）导体（Conductor）绝缘体（Insulator）电容器（Capacitor）电阻器（Resistor）电感器（Inductor）电子（Electron）质子（Proton）中子（Neutron）原子核（Atomic Nucleus）波动（Wave）频率（Frequency）振动（Vibration）周期（Period）波长（Wavelength）位移（Displacement）力与运动（Force and Motion）牛顿（Newton）牛顿第一定律（Newton's First Law）牛顿第二定律（Newton's Second Law）牛顿第三定律（Newton's Third Law）滑动摩擦力（Kinetic Friction）静摩擦力（Static Friction）离心力（Centrifugal Force）滑块（Block）滑轮（Pulley）杠杆（Lever）重力（Gravity）重心（Center of Gravity）摆动（Pendulum）机械波（Mechanical Wave）电磁波（Electromagnetic Wave）声波（Sound Wave）光波（Light Wave）磁场（Magnetic Field）电场（Electric Field）电流（Electric Current）电压（Voltage）电能（Electric Energy）电荷（Electric Charge）磁极（Magnetic Pole）超导体（Superconductor）布里渊区（Brillouin Zone）各向同性（Isotropy）晶体学（Crystallography）紫外线（Ultraviolet）紫外光（Ultraviolet Light）紫外灯（Ultraviolet Lamp）量子力学（Quantum Mechanics）相对论（Relativity）黑洞（Black Hole）穿越（Wormhole）时间旅行（Time Travel）弦理论（String Theory）。
原材料术语大全-再也不怕看不懂物性表了（收藏了！）玩注塑了解更多详情原材料的质量指标中，经常会遇到一些术语，准确理解它的含义，有助于更好地掌握原材料的性能。
现列出部分常用的名词术语。
1密度与相对密度Density and relative density——密度是指物质单位体积内所含的质量，简言之是质量与体积之比，其单位是百万克／米3(Mg／m3)或千克／米3(kg／m3)或克／厘米3(g／cm3)。
相对密度亦称密度之比，是指物质的密度与参考物质的密度在各自规定的条件下之比，或者是说一定体积的物质在t1温度下的质量与等体积参考物质在t2。
温度下的质量之比。
常用的参考物质为蒸馏水，并用Dt1/t2或t1/t2 表示，为无因次量。
2熔点与凝固点Melting point and Freezing point——物质在其蒸气压下液态—固态达到平衡时的温度称为熔点或凝固点。
这是由于固体中原子或离子的有规则排列因温度上升，热运动变得杂乱而活化，形成不规则排列的液体的一种现象，相反的过程即为凝固。
对于液体变为固体时的温度常称为凝固点或冰点，与熔点不同之处在于放出热量而不是吸收热量。
其实物质的熔点和凝固点是一致的。
3熔点范围(Melting range)指用毛细管法所测定的从该物质开始熔化至全部熔化的温度范围。
4结晶点(Crystal point)系指液体在冷却过程中，由液态转变为固态的相变温度。
5倾点(Pour point)表示液体石油产品性质的指标之一。
系指样品在标准条件下冷却至开始停止流动的温度，也就是样品冷却时还能倾注时的最低温度。
6沸点(Boiling point)液体受热发生沸腾而变成气体时的温度。
或者说是液体和它的蒸气处于平衡状态时的温度。
一般来说，沸点越低，挥发性越大。
7沸程(Boiling range)在标准状态下(1013．25hPa，0℃)，在产品标准规定的温度范围内的馏出体积。
8升华(Sublimation)固态(结晶)物质不经过液态而直接转变为气态的现象。
Abelian group 阿贝尔群，又称Abel群ablation 烧蚀abnormal dispersion 反常色散Abrikosov vortex lattice 阿布里科索夫涡旋线格子Abrikocov vortex state 阿布里科索夫涡旋态absorber 吸收体absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱abundance 丰度acceptor doping 受主掺杂acceptor impurity 受主杂质accumulation layer 累积层achromatic phase matching 消色差相位匹配achromatic wave plate 消色差波片achromatism 消色差[性]ac Josephson effect 交流约瑟夫森效应，又称交流Josephson效应acoustic compliance 声顺acoustic ohm 声欧[姆]acoustic stiffness 声劲[度]acoustic-optic tensor 声光系数张量acousto-optic effect 声光效应acousto-optic Q-switch 声光Q－开关acousto-optic signal processor 声光信号处理器acousto-optical tunable filter 声光可调滤波器actinide element 锕系元素activated tunneling 激活隧穿active device 有源器件active region 激活区addressing electrode 寻址电极adiabatic theorem，绝热定理adiabatic transformation 绝热变换adiabatic transport，绝热输运adiabaton 浸渐子，绝热子advection 平流aerodynamic sound 空气动力声aersol 气溶胶affinity potential 亲和势aggregate 聚集体aggregation 聚集Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect AB效应，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB) 效应Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux AB磁通，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB)磁通allowed state 容许态alpha decay ( -decay) 衰变alpha particle ( -particle) 粒子Altshular-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) effect AAS效应，又称Altshular-Aronov-Spivak效应amplification without inversion 无反转放大amplitude limiting 限幅amplitude transformer 变幅杆Andreev reflection 安德列也夫反射，又称Andreev反射Andreev mirror 安德列也夫镜[子]，又称Andreev镜[子] Andreev scattering 安德列也夫散射，又称Andreev散射angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy 角分辨光电子谱[学] anisotropic confinement 各向异性限域anisotropic scatterer, 各向异性散射体anisotropy energy 各向异性能anomalon 反常子anomalous power laws 反常幂[次]率anomalous proximity effect，反常临近效应anomaly 反常antidot 同quantum antidot 反量子点antidodal point 腹点antigravity 反引力antihyperon 反超子anti-localization, 反局域化antimeson 反介子anti-exclusive principle 反不相容原理antiferromagnetic interaction 反铁磁相互作用antiferromagnetic semiconductor 反铁磁半导体anti-Stokes scattering 反斯托克斯散射anti-time ordered function, 反时序函数anyon 任意子aphelion 近日点, 远核点areal density 面密度armchair nanotube 扶手椅型纳米管arrayed waveguide gratings 阵列波导光栅artificial atom，人[工]构[造]原子artificial barrier 人工势垒artificial elment 人造元素atom laser 原子凝射器atom optics 原子光学atom trapping 原子陷俘，原子捕获atom waveguide 原子波导atomic clock原子钟atomic diffraction 原子衍射atomic fountain 原子喷泉atomic form factor 原子形状因子atomic time 原子时attenuation 衰减attosecond X-ray pulse 阿秒X射线脉冲Auger process 俄歇过程，又称Auger过程avalanche counter 雪崩计数器avalanche effect 雪崩效应avalanche photodiodes,apd 雪崩光电二极管azimuth 方位角back-action evasion 非干扰[测量]background radiation 本底辐射，背景辐射background temperature 本底温度, 背景温度balanced homodyne detection平衡零拍探测ballistic aggregate 弹道聚集体ballistic aggregation 弹道聚集ballistic electron injection 弹道电子注入ballistic transport弹道输运ballistics 弹道学band bending 带弯曲band index 带指标band of rotation-vibration 振转[谱]带band offset 带阶band repulsion 带排斥band theory 能带论bar 巴（压强单位），杆Barkhausen noise 巴克豪森噪声，又称Barkhausen噪声barn 巴恩(截面单位，10－24厘米2)barrier 势垒barrier curvature 势垒曲率barrier height 势垒高度barrier state 势垒态barrier tunneling 势垒隧穿base-centered orthorhombic lattice 底心正交格[子] base line 基线base material 基质base metal 碱金属basis vector 基矢beam 束，梁beam dump 束流捕集器beam focusing 束流聚焦behaviour 行为，性能Bell inequality贝尔不等式，又称Bell不等式bend resistance，弯曲电阻bent crystal 弯晶Berry phase 贝里相位，又称Berry相位βdecay β衰变βradioactivity β放射性βray β射线βspectum β谱βstability line β稳定线bevatron 吉伏质子加速器（高能质子同步稳相加速器）bicritical point 双临界点bicrystal junction 双晶结big bang model 大爆炸模型binary diffractive optical element 二元衍射光学元件bioastrophysics 天体生物物理学biochip 生物芯片bipolar junction transistor 双极[结]晶体管bit rate 比特率blackness 黑度blaze line 闪耀角bleaching effect 漂白效应blob 团迹，链滴Bloch electron 布洛赫电子，又称Bloch电子Bloch frequency，布洛赫频率，又称Bloch频率Bloch oscillation，布洛赫振荡，又称Bloch振荡Bloch theorem 布洛赫定理，又称Bloch定理blockade 阻塞Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk [BTK] model BTK模型body-centered cubic lattice 体心立方格[子]body-centered orthorhombic lattice 体心正交格[子]Bogoliubov [-de Gennes] equations 博戈留波夫[－得简斯]方程，又称Bogoliubov [-de Gennes]方程Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann transport equation，玻尔兹曼输运方程bond-angle order 键角有序bond-orientational order 键取向有序bond polarizability 键极化性bond valence 键价boojum 布经(超流氦3中的取向织构)bosonization of field operators 场算符的波色化Bragg peak 布拉格峰，又称Bragg峰Bragg plane 布拉格平面，又称Bragg平面Bragg reflection 布拉格反射，又称Bragg 反射Bragg reflectors 布拉格反射器，又称Bragg 反射器Bragg waveguide 布拉格波导，又称Bragg 波导break junction 断裂结breathing mode呼吸模breeder 增殖反应堆breakup reaction 崩裂反应bright state 亮态brittleness 脆性buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器buffer gas 缓冲气体buffer layer, 缓冲层burn-up 燃耗Büttiker formula, 比特克公式，又称Büttiker公式buzzer 蜂鸣器C-15 structure C-15结构C[a]esium clock 铯钟calorie 卡【洛里】candle 烛光candescence 白热，又称白炽canonical commutation relation 正则对易关系canonical variable 正则变量cantact angle 接触角canted spin order倾斜自旋有序cantilever 悬臂（原子力显微镜中的）canthotaxie眼角[式]排列（另文说明）carbon cycle 碳循环(恒星内部的)carbon nanotube 碳纳米管carrier 载流子carrier concentration 载流子浓度carrier diffuse 载流子扩散carrier reservoir 载流子库Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cauchu-Schwarz inequality Cauchu-Schwarz不等式cavity dark state 腔暗态cavity dumping 腔倒空cavity quantum electrodynamics 腔量子电动力学cavity resonator [谐振]腔共振器14C dating 碳14测年celestial X-ray source 宇宙X 射线源center of inversion 反演中心center of moment 矩心central collision中心碰撞center-of-mass energy 质心系能量centrifuge 离心机centrifugal separation 离心分离ceramic 陶瓷chain folding 链折叠chain statistics 链统计学chalcogenide 硫属化物channel waveguide 沟道波导chaos synchronization 混沌同步chaotic communication 混沌通讯chaotic noise 混沌噪声characteristic impedance 特性阻抗characteristic curve 特征曲线charge-separated plasma 电荷分离等离子体(正负电荷在空间不同区域的等离子体) charge imbalance 电荷不平衡charge ordering 电荷有序charge parity effect，电荷宇称效应charge qubit 电荷量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge-phase qubit 电荷-相位量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge reservoir 电荷库charge stiffness 电荷劲度（衡量外场作用下电荷被自由加速的难易程度）charge-spin coupling电荷自旋耦合（用于自旋电子学）charge stripe phase 电荷条纹相charge-to-mass ratio 荷质比charge transfer insulator 电荷转移绝缘体charge transfer salt 电荷转移盐charge velocity 电荷速度（见于电荷－自旋分离现象）charging energy，充电能chemical shift 化学位移chiral liquid crystal 手征液晶chiral molecule手征分子，又称手性分子chiral symmetry broken 手征对称[性]破缺chirp啁啾chirped Gaussian pulse 啁啾高斯脉冲chirp filter 啁啾滤波器，又称线性调频滤波器，或色散延迟线chopper 斩波器circumlunar orbit 环月轨道circumsolar orbit 环日轨道circumterrestrial orbit 环地轨道cis-lunar space 月地空间clad 覆盖clamping 箝位classical fluid 经典液体clean limit [干]净极限cleaved coupling cavity 解理耦合腔cloning fidelity克隆保真度closed shell 满壳层，又称闭壳层，英文又称closure shellcluster state簇态CNO cycle 碳氮氧循环coalescence 聚合, 并合code 1，[代]码；2，密码；3，符号coding 编码codirectional coupling 同向耦合coefficient of correlation 关联系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coexistence line 共存线(相图中的)coexisting phase 共存相coherence factor 相干因子coherence length，相干长度coherent atomic recoil 相干原子反冲coherent electron tunneling 相干电子隧道coherent peak 相干峰coherent photoassociation 相干光缔合coherent population oscillation相干布居振荡coherent population trapping相干布居囚禁coherent population transfer相干布居迁移coherent structure 拟序结构coherent terahertz waves相干太赫波coherent transient effects 相干暂态效应coherent trap 相干捕获cold finger 冷头cold fusion 冷聚变collective coordinate 集体坐标collective mode 集体模collective motion 集体运动collective pinning model 集体钉扎模型collinear phase matching 共线相位匹配colloid 胶体，胶质colloidal metal 胶体金属colored noise 色噪声colossal magnetoresistance [CMR] 庞磁电阻commensurate lattice 公度格子compact star 致密星compensated impurity 补偿杂质complementary metal oxide semiconductor [CMOS] 互补金属氧化物半导体complex 1，复合体；2，络合物complex analytical signal theory 复解析信号理论complex-conjugate pulses 复共轭脉冲compliance 1，柔度；2，顺度composite Fermion 复合费米子compression of ultrashort pulses 超短脉冲压缩compressor 压缩器，压机concurrence并发纠缠,又称量子并发condensate 凝聚体condensation energy 凝聚能condenser 冷凝器conductance fluctuation, 电导涨落conductance quantization 电导量子化conduction electron 传导电子confinement 1，约束（等离子）；2，限域（凝聚态）；3，禁闭（高能）congregating effect 聚集效应conjugate variable 共轭变量conservation of angular momentum 角动量守恒conservation of crystal momentum 晶体动量守恒conservative dislocation motion 保守位错运动(位错沿滑移面平行于Burgers矢量运动无净质量流)conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation law of flux 磁通守恒律conservation of momentum 动量守恒conservation of particle number粒子数守恒contact angle 接触角contact potential 接触势contact resistance 接触电阻continuation 延拓continuous group 连续群contour line 等值线contour map 等值线图contradirectional coupling反向耦合conventional unit cell 惯用单胞，简称单胞convergence factor 收敛因子conversion electron 内转换电子coolant moderator 载热减速剂cooperative diffusion 合作扩散Cooperon, 库珀子Cooper pair box 库珀对盒子coplanar waveguide 共面波导copolymer 共聚物core energy 芯能core nucleus 核芯[核]correlated spontaneous emission 关联自发发射correlation exponent 关联指数cosmic aerodynamics 宇宙气体动力学cosmic age 宇宙年龄cosmic constant 宇宙常量cosmic [microwave] background radiation [CMBR] 宇宙[微波]背景辐射cosmic microwave background 宇宙微波背景cosmic string 宇宙弦cosmochemistry 宇宙化学，天体化学cosmological nucleosynthesis 宇宙核合成cosmos 宇宙co-tunneling 共隧穿Couette flow 库埃特流Coulomb blockade 库仑阻塞Coulomb gap 库仑隙Coulomb interaction 库仑[相互]作用Coulomb island 库仑岛，又称单电子岛（single electron island）Coulomb potential 库仑势Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力Coulomb staircase 库仑台阶counter telescope 计数器望远镜coupled-channels model 耦合道模型coupled mode theory 耦合模理论coupled waveguides，耦合波导coupled wells耦合阱coupling energy 耦合能coupling strength 耦合强度covalent bond 共价键creep wave蠕波，又称爬波critical assembly [核反应堆]临界装置critical density 临界密度critical dimension 临界维度cross-phase-modulation 交叉相位调制cross field 交叉场cross junction, 十字结crosstalk attenuation 串扰衰减crystal-field splitting 晶［体］场劈裂crystalline anisotropy晶态各向异性crystal symmetry class 晶体对称类cubic lattice 立方格子cuprate 铜氧化物curie 居里(非国际制放射性活度单位)current bias 电流偏置current operator 电流算符cutoff energy，截止能量cyclone 气旋cyclotron effective mass 回旋有效质量D/A converter 等于digital to analog converter 数模转换器damping radiation 阻尼辐射dark current 暗电流dark energy 暗能量dark state 暗态dark-state polariton 暗态光极化子date line 日界线dc Josephson effect 直流约瑟夫森效应，直流Josephson效应dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) 直流超导量子干涉器Debye wave vector 德拜波矢decay heat 衰变热decay time，衰减时间deceleration 减速度decibel 分贝decoherence 退相干，又称消相干decoherence-free 无退相干，又称无消相干decontamination factor 去污因子decoupling epoch 退耦期decoy state 诱骗态deformation potential，形变势degeneracy collapse 简并塌缩degenerate pressure 简并压degenerate star 简并星de Gennes-Taupin length de Gennes-Taupin长度degree of order 有序度de Haas-Shubnikov effect de Haas-Shubnikov效应delay time，延迟时间demultiplexer 解复用器dendrite 1,枝晶；2，枝蔓；3，枝蔓体dense coding 密集编码dense wavelength division multiplexing 密集波分复用density correlation function，密度关联函数density distribution 密度分布density wave 密度波depairing 拆对dephasing length，退相位长度depinning 脱钉[扎]depleted Uranium 贫化铀deplation force 排空力（胶体物理用语）depletion layer 耗尽层descreening 去屏蔽deterministic equation 确定(论)的方程deuterium 氘, 即重氢deuterium oxide 重水dextrorotation 右旋diabatic approach 非绝热近似diagnostics 诊断学diagonal element 对角元diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagonalization 对角化diamond structure 金刚石结构diblock copolymer 双嵌段共聚物dielectric response function 介电响应函数dielectric function，介电函数dielectric microcavity 介电[质]微腔dielectric reflector 介[电]质反射器differential conductance 微分电导differential input 差分输入differential rotation 较差自转（天文学用语）differential scanning calorimetry 差分扫描量热术diffraction-free beam 消衍射光束diffractive binary optics 衍射二元光学diffuseness [parameter] 弥散参数diffusion constant，扩散常数diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion region 扩散区diffusive transport，扩散输运digit 数字digital circuit 数字电路digital cross connect 数字交叉连接digit[al] to analog converter (DAC) 数模转换器digital micromirror device 数字微镜器件dilation 膨胀dilute phase 稀相dilation symmetry 伸缩对称dimensionless conductance 无量纲电导dimer 二聚体dimerization 二聚化dipole interaction 偶极相互作用dipole giant resonance 偶极巨共振Dirac braket 狄拉克括号Dirac picture 狄拉克绘景, 即相互作用绘景directed diffusion 定向扩散directional bond 定向键directional coupler 定向耦合器directional ordering 取向有序directional quantization 方向量子化direction of magnetization 磁化方向direct lattice 正格子，又称正点阵direct transition 直接跃迁dirty limit 脏极限dirty-metal regime，脏金属区discontinuity 1，不连续[性]；2，突变[性] dislocation network 位错网络disordered alloy 无序合金disordered system 无序系统dispersion compensation 色散补偿dispersion-managed solitons 调控色散孤子dissipationless flow 无耗散流dissociation energy 离解能distillable entanglement 可萃取纠缠distinguishable states可区分态distributed Bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射器domain 1，畴；2，[定义]域；3，区域donor level 施主能级dopant 掺杂物doping 掺杂dosimetry 剂量学double-barrier tunneling，双势垒隧穿double exchange interaction 双交换相互作用double heterostructure DH 双异质结doublet state 双重态dressed atom 着衣原子，又称缀饰原子droplet model 小液滴模型Drude model，德鲁德模型duty ratio 占空比d-wave pairing d波配对dyad 并矢dynamical mass 动力学质量(08.02dynamic random access memory [DRAM] 动态随机存储器dynamic screening，动态屏蔽dynamically induced coherence 动态诱导相干dynamo theory 发动机理论dyne 达因early universe 早期宇宙eccentricity 偏心率eclipse 1，食；2，交食edge channel，边缘通道edge dislocation 刃[型]位错edge state，边缘态effective field theory 有效场理论effective Hamiltonian 有效哈密顿量effective mass approximation，有效质量近似Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment EPR思想实验Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect EPR效应Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair EPR对Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox EPR佯谬elastic compliance 弹性顺度elastic deformation 弹性形变electrical isolation 电绝缘electric breakdown 电击穿electric capacity 电容electric resistance 电阻electrical quadrupole moment 电四极矩electrochemical potential 电化学势electromagnetic absorption 电磁吸收electromagnetically induced absorption 电磁感生吸收electromagnetically induced transparency 电磁感生透明electromagnetic-environment effect，电磁环境效应electron backscattering pattern 电子背散射图样electron-beam lithography 电子束刻蚀electron configuration 电子组态electron density 电子密度electron-doped high temperature superconductor 电子掺杂的高温超导体electronegativity 电负性electron-electron interaction，电子－电子相互作用electron-hole pair 电子空穴对electron-hole recombination 电子-空穴复合electron hologram 电子全息术electron transition 电子跃迁electron pair 电子对electron pair tunneling 电子对隧穿electron-phonon coupling 电子声子耦合electron temperature，电子温度electron tunneling 电子隧穿electron waveguide，电子波导electron volt (eV) 电子伏electrorheological effect 电流变效应electrorheological fluid 电流变液Eliashberg equations Eliashberg方程Eliashberg theory of strong coupling Eliashberg强耦合理论elliptical orbit 椭圆轨道elliptic flow 椭圆流emittance 发射度empirical pseudopotential method 经验赝势方法empty lattice approximation 空晶格近似endohedral fullerene 内嵌原子富勒烯end-butt coupling 端面对接耦合energy relaxation length，能量弛豫长度energy transport velocity 能量传输速度ensemble average，系综平均entangled state 纠缠态entanglement 1，纠缠；2，纠缠度entanglement concentration 纠缠浓缩entanglement measure 纠缠度量entanglement monotone 单调纠缠量entanglement of formation 生成纠缠entanglement purification 纠缠纯化entanglement witness 纠缠见证entropy force 熵力envelope function，包络函数epithermal neutron 超热中子epoxy 环氧树脂erbium-doped fiber amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器error correction 纠错Esaki diode 江崎二极管evanescent state，衰逝态even-odd nucleus 偶奇核even parity 偶宇称evolution of inflation 暴涨演化Ewald construction Ewald作图法Ewald sphere Ewald球excess current 过剩电流excess neutron 过剩中子exchange-correlation hole 交换关联空穴exchange-correlation functional 交换关联泛函exchange hole 交换空穴exchange integral 交换积分excitation spectrum 激发谱excluded volume 排除体积exclusion of flux 磁通排斥exclusion principle 不相容原理exotic nucleus 奇特核expanding universe 膨胀宇宙extended [Brillouin] zone scheme 扩展[布里渊]区图式extraterrestrial life 地外生命extravehicular activity(EV A) [太空]舱外活动f-sum rule f求和规则face-centered orthorhombic lattice 面心正交格[子] face-on 正向facsimile 传真，英文简写为faxfacula 光斑Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计faint object 暗天体fan diagram 扇形图F-center F中心Feno lineshape Feno线型Feno resonance Feno共振fan spin order 扇状自旋有序farad (F) 法拉（电容单位）Faraday depolarization 法拉第退偏振Faraday law of electrolysis 法拉第电解定律far-from-equilibrium system，远离平衡态系统far-side 背面（far-side of the moon, 月球背面）far-ultraviolet (FUV) 远紫外fast fission 快裂变fatigue crack 疲劳裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂fatigue strength 疲劳强度feed [source] 馈源feeder 馈线femto (f) 飞（＝10-15）(01)femtosecond pulse shaping 飞秒脉冲成形Fermi age 费米[中子]年龄Fermi age-diffusion equation 费米年龄扩散方程Fermi arc 费米弧Fermi coupling constant 费米耦合常数Fermi energy 费米能量Fermi gas 费米气体Fermi golden rule 费米黄金定则Fermi liquid 费米液体Fermi liquid parameter 费米液体参数Fermi loop 费米环Fermi point 费米点Fermi transition费米跃迁Fermi vacuum 费米真空Fermi velocity 费米速度Fermi wavelength 费米波长Fermi wave vector，费米波矢Fermi’s golden rule费米黄金规则ferrielectric crystal 亚铁电晶体ferrimagnet 亚铁磁体ferroelectric 铁电体ferroelectric crystal 铁电晶体ferromagnet 铁磁体few-cycle pulse少周[期]脉冲few nucleon transfer 少[数]核子转移Feynman path，费曼路径Feynman path integral，费曼路径积分fiber cross connect 光纤交叉连接fiber grating 光纤光栅Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fiducial confidence bar 置信棒fiducial point 基准点field intensity 场强field quantization 场量子化field quantum 场量子field strength 场强figure of merit，又称qualityfactor 品质因数filament 1，丝；2，丝极finite-amplitude wave 有限振幅波，又称大振幅波finite-difference method 有限差分方法finite element method 有限元法finite size effect 有限尺寸效应finite-size scaling 有限尺寸标度first approximation 一级近似first Brillouin zone 第一布里渊区first point of Aries 春分点，英文又称：vernal equinoxfirst point of Cancer 夏至点，英文又称：summer solsticefirst point of Capricornus 冬至点，英文又称：winter solsticefirst point of Libra 秋分点，英文又称：autumnal equinoxFiske steps 费斯克台阶，又称自感应台阶fissility 易裂变性fission 1，裂变；2，分裂fission isomer 裂变同质异能素fission nuclide 裂变核素fission reactor 裂变反应堆fission-spectrum neutron 裂变谱中子fission track dating 裂变径迹年代测定fitting curve 拟合曲线five-fold symmetry 5重对称fixed-range hopping 定程跳跃flash memory 闪速存储器，简称闪存flat spectrum 平谱flattening factor 扁率floating probe 浮置电极，又称浮置探针floating phase 浮置相Floquest theorem 弗洛开定理flow resistance 流阻fluctuating wall 涨落壁fluctuation 涨落（统计物理〕，又称起伏（声学〕fluence 注量fluorescence probe 荧光探剂flux，通量flux 1通量，又称流量；2，注量率；3，焊料；4 助熔剂flux bundle 磁通束flux flow amplifier (FFA) 磁通流放大器flux flow oscillator (FFO) 磁通流振荡器flux flow transistor（FFT）磁通流三极管,又称涡旋流三极管(vortex flow transistor) flux-line lattice 磁通线格子flux line 磁通线flux tube 磁流管flux quantum 磁通量子flux quantization 磁通量子化foam 泡沫focal point 焦点focal ratio 焦比focus 1，焦点；2，震源folding Brillouin zone 折叠布里渊区forbidden beta decay 禁戒b衰变forecast 预报forward bias 正向偏压four-Josephson junction logic (4JL) 四约瑟夫森结逻辑门Fourier analysis 傅里叶分析Fourier transform 傅里叶变换Fourier [transform] nuclear magnetic resonance 傅里叶[变换]核磁共振Fourier [transform] Raman spectroscopy 傅立叶[变换]拉曼谱学four probe method 四探针法four-terminal resistance，4端电阻fractional chain yield 相对链产额fractional cumulative yield 分积累产额fractional distillation 分馏fractional independent yield 分独立产额fractional statistics 分数统计法fragment 1，碎片；2，片段Franck-Condon principle弗兰克-康登原理free electron approximation 自由电子近似free electron gas 自由电子气体free energy 自由能free –free transition 自由－自由跃迁，又称自由态间跃迁freely falling body 自由落体free radical 自由基free spectral range 自由光谱范围freezing point 凝固点Frenkel exciton 弗仑克尔激子frequency conversion 频率转换Frequency division multiplexing 频分复用frequency jitter 频率抖动frequency multiplication 倍频friction 摩擦Friedel oscillation，Friedel振荡Friedel sum rule Friedel求和规则Frohlich interaction Frohlich相互作用front velocity波前速度frustrated magnet 窘组磁体fuel cell 燃料电池Fulde-Ferrell state Fulde-Ferrell态fullerene 富勒烯full moon 满月function 函数functional (1)泛函(2)功能（的）fundamental interaction 基本相互作用fundamental space-filling mode 基本空间填充模fuse (1)熔解(2)保险丝fused silica熔融石英fusion reactor 聚变[核反应]堆fuzzy information 模糊信息fussy mathematics 模糊数学gain-clamping 增益箝位gain efficiency 增益效率Galton plate 伽尔顿板-陈gamma(γ)伽马（地磁场强单位γ＝nT）gamma rayγ射线gap 1，隙；2，能隙gap anisotropy 能隙各向异性gap parameter 能隙参数gaseous state 气态gate1，门；2，栅（极）gate voltage 门电压gauge symmetry 规范对称性gauss (G) 高斯（磁感应强度单位G＝10－4T）Gaussian fluctuation 高斯涨落Gauss law 高斯定理Gauss surface 高斯面generalized Balmer formula 广义巴尔末公式generalized work 广义功general refractive index 广义折射率（量子信息）geomagnetic declination 地磁偏角geomagnetic inclination 地磁倾角geometrical structure factor 几何结构因子geometrization of gravitation 引力几何化German silver 德银g-factor g因子g-factor of electrons 电子的g因子g shift g移位ghost imaging 鬼成像giant magnetoresistance (GMR) 巨磁电阻Giaever tunneling 盖沃尔隧穿（单电（粒）子隧穿）Gibbs ensemble 吉布斯系综gilbert 吉尔（磁通势单位）Ginzburg-Landau coherence length 金兹堡-朗道(GL)相干长度Ginzburg-Landau equation 金兹堡-朗道(GL)方程Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov Go’rkov theory（GLAG）金兹堡-朗道-阿布里科索夫－高里科夫理论Glan-Thompson prism 格兰－汤普森棱镜Glan-Taylor prism 格兰-泰勒棱镜glass phase 玻璃相glassy ceramics 微晶玻璃glassy metal 玻璃态金属Glauber state Glauber态glide axis 滑移轴glide line 滑移线global phase 整体相位（量子信息）goniometer 测角器graded bandgap layer 缓变带隙层Gorter-Casimir two-fluid model 高特－卡西米尔二流体模型Graded index lens (GRIN) 梯度折射率透镜gradient of electric potential 电势梯度gram-molecule 克分子，摩尔（mole）grand free energy 巨自由能granular matter 颗粒物质granular superconductor 颗粒超导体granule 颗粒granularity 颗粒性granular metal 颗粒金属graphite 石墨graphite structure 石墨结构graph [线]图graph state 图态（量子信息）gravitational deflection of light 光线的引力偏折gravity acceleration 重力加速度Gray code 格雷码grazing angle 1，掠射角；2，擦边角greenhouse effect 温室效应group index of refraction 群折射率group theory 群论group velocity dispersion 群速度色散growth 生长growth model 生长模型guest host liquid crystal 宾主型液晶guided wave optics 导波光学gyroscopic effect 回转效应half metal 半金属half metallic magnet 半金属磁体half wave filter 半波滤波器half wave oscillator 半波振子half- wave zone method 半波带法half-wave voltage 半波电压Hall angle 霍尔角Hall coefficient 霍尔系数Hall field 霍尔电场[强度]Hall plateau 霍尔平台Hall resistance 霍尔电阻Hall voltage 霍尔电压halo nucleus 晕核halogen 卤素Hamiltonian matrix哈密顿［量］矩阵hard sphere 硬球hard sphere approximation 硬球近似harmonic generation 谐波产生Hartree-Fock electron 哈特里-福克电子H-center H心health physics 保健物理heat conductivity 1,导热性;2,热导率heat flow vector 热流矢量heat flux 热通量heat switch 热开关heavy electron 重电子heavy element 重元素heavy fermion superconductor 重费米子超导体heavy [fission] fragment 重【裂变】碎片heavy hole 重空穴heavy wall 重壁heavy water 重水hedgehog 猬缺陷height of potential barrier 势垒高度Heisenberg Hamiltonian 海森伯哈密顿量Heisenberg operators 海森伯算符Heisenberg uncertainty principle 海森伯不确定【性】原理Heitler-London theory 海特勒－伦敦理论Helfrich spontaneous curvature model 黑弗里希自发曲率模型helical spin order螺旋自旋有序helium liquefier 氦液化器heptahgedron 七面体Hermite polynomial 厄米多项式Hermitian matrix 厄米矩阵hertz (Hz) 赫兹, 频率单位heterotic superstring theory 杂化超弦理论Heusler alloy 霍伊斯勒合金hexadecapole 十六极hexahedron 六面体hexatic phase 六角相high coherence model 高相干模型high electron mobility transistor 高电子迁移率晶体管（简写：HEMT）high energy particle 高能粒子high-field domain 强场畴high-order dispersion 高阶色散high-order harmonic generation 高阶谐波产生high pass filter 高通滤波器high temperature reservoir 高温热源high temperature superconductor（HTS）高温超导体high vacuum 高真空high voltage electron microscopy 高压电子显微术Hohenberg-Kohn energy functional 霍恩伯格-科恩能量泛函hole-electron recombination 空穴－电子复合hole surface 空穴面(k空间中未占据态区的表面)hole-type high temperature superconductor 空穴型高温超导体holey fiber 多孔光纤hollow core optical fibers 空心光纤holon 空穴子homodyne零拍homodyne detection 零拍探测homolog[ue] 同系物homopolymer 单聚合物honeycomb photonic band gap fiber 蜂窝型光子带隙光纤hopping conductance 跳跃电导hopping energy，跳跃能hopping probability 跳跃概率hopping transport 跳跃输运host 基质host crystal 基质晶体，又称主晶hot carrier 热载流子h/e oscillation h/e振荡h/2e oscillation h/2e振荡Huang equations 黄[昆]方程组Huang-Rhys factor 黄昆－里斯因子Hubbard Hamiltonian 哈勃德哈密顿量Hubbard model 哈勃德模型Hubble time 哈勃时间hybrid bond 杂化键hybrid field effect 混合场效应hydrodynamics 流体［动］力学hydrodynamic mode 流体［动］力学模hydromagnetic disturbance 磁流体扰动hydromagnetic instability 磁流体不稳定性hydrophilic force 亲水力hydrophobic association 疏水缔合hydrophobic force 疏水力hyperbolic point 双曲点hypernucleus 超核hyper-Rayleigh scattering 超瑞利散射hyperspherical coordinate 超球座标hysteresis loop 1，滞后回线；2，磁滞回线hysteresis loss 1，滞后损失；2，磁滞损耗。
