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英文短文赏析作文模板The short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson is a thought-provoking and disturbing tale that challenges the reader to question the nature of tradition and the dark side of human nature. The shocking ending leaves a lasting impact on the reader, forcing them to reconsider their own beliefs and values.The setting of the story is deceptively idyllic, with the small town gathering for the annual lottery creating a sense of community and togetherness. However, as the story unfolds, the true nature of the lottery is revealed, exposing the sinister underbelly of the town's traditions.The characters in the story are both ordinary and unsettling, as they go about their preparations for the lottery with a sense of resigned acceptance. The way in which they casually discuss the ritualistic stoning of the "winner" highlights the chilling normalcy of the town's customs.The symbolism in "The Lottery" is powerful and multi-layered, with the black box representing the unquestioned adherence to tradition and the lottery itself serving as a metaphor for the arbitrary and cruel nature of fate. These symbols serve to underscore the story's themes of blind obedience and the dangers of groupthink.The tone of the story is ominous and foreboding, as Jackson masterfully builds tension and unease throughout the narrative. The matter-of-fact way in which the events of the lottery are described only adds to the sense of horror and disbelief.In conclusion, "The Lottery" is a haunting and unforgettable story that continues to resonate with readers due to its exploration of human nature and the power of tradition. Jackson's skillful storytelling and the story's enduring themes make it a timeless and thought-provoking work of literature.。
《摸彩》所揭示的现实悲哀之源摘要：本文通过对美国女作家雪莉?杰克逊的短篇小说《摸彩》（the lottery）的细读，重点讨论故事的写作手法和深刻的故事主题，对人性阴暗面的揭示作用。
关键词：摸彩，写作手法，主题，人性中图分类号：i712 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1006-026x （2012）07-0000-01美国女作家雪莉?杰克逊(shirley jackson 1919-1965)的短篇小说《摸彩》(the lottery)于1948年6月26日发表在《纽约人》杂志上，而1948年的美国正处于战后的繁荣发展时期，大量的思想家、文学家开始对战争的种种进行反思，美国的文坛异常活跃，大批优秀作家都在一显身手。
就在这样的一个时代背景下，舍丽?杰克逊以这样一篇短短的故事，便“一石”激起千层浪，惹得全纽约乃至全美国都为之震动。
杰克逊信奉着性恶论．认为“人之初，性本恶”，所以故事暗示了人与人之间的关系充满了谎言、欺骗和虚伪，为了达到自己的目的，不惜牺牲甚至谋杀对方。
如故事所描述的，人们可能认为人所犯的罪过只是出自维护公共利益。
本文通过对文本的细读，分析其独特的写作手法和深刻的主题，即对人性阴暗面的揭示。
一．独具特色的写作手法杰克逊作为现代恐怖小说大师，对于故事场景的设置独具特色，故事中最令人可憎的事件常常发生在和平恬静的普通生活环境中。
《摸彩》就是发生在当代美国的一个荒谬可悲的故事。
故事发生在仲夏时节美国的某个有三百余人的小村庄。
那是6月27日的早上，“晴朗无云，有着盛夏时节新鲜的温暖”(“clear and sunny，with the fresh warmth of a full—summer day”)村子的广场中间聚集着数以百计的村民，场景平和宁静：孩子们天真无邪，没有一丝一毫的邪恶动机玩耍，挑选并守卫着一堆小石子；大人们聚在一起，互相攀谈，聊着降雨，拖拉机等日常涉及的话题；妇女们互相问好，招呼着自己的孩子。
如何写英文摘要一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。
摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。
书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。
陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
二、常见句型常见的摘要句型有：1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on ...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of ...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of ...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of ...28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This eassy is related to ...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of ...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of ...37)This paper reports the latest information on ...38)The author of this article reviews...39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine...42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...破题用语，一般有：①Th额author of this article reviews (or: discusses,describes,summarizes,examines)something……②This article reviews (or:reports,tells of,is about,concerns)something…….③This article has been prepared (or:designed,written)…….④The purpose of t his article is to determine something…….⑤The problem of something is discussed …….结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：①The author suggests (recommends,concludes)that…….②This article shows that…….③It is suggested that…….④The author's suggestion (or:conclusion )is that ……⑤The author finds it necessary to …….三、分类举例1）陈述型论文摘要。
怎样写英语文章summary摘要是一篇论文的浓缩,是对整个文章的概括。
下面是店铺带来的写英语文章summary的技巧，欢迎阅读!写英语文章summary的技巧1摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。
它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。
第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B.给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。
如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
（完整版）美国经典短篇⼩说TheLottery完整评析Characteristics （蔡嘉懿）Bobby, Harry Jones, Dickie Delacroix, Bobby Martin :na?ve, curious,(represents for the new generation that are destroyed by the feudatorial thoughts. )Mr. Summers :Pitiful (For he had no children and his wife was a scold),Traditional , numb ( summers represents for the time),brutal ( “ ‘ All right folks.’ Mr. Summer said, ‘ Let’s finish quickly’.”)energetic : direct characterization (“ who had time and energy to devote to civic activities”)Mr. Graves :calm, serious, polite, rationalBaxter:powerful, young, energetic (“Baxter, came forward to hold the box steady on the stool while Mr. Summers s tirred up the papers inside it.”)Warner:Old (the oldest man in the village),brutal,（Old Man Warner was saying, "Come on, come on, everyone." ）conservative,“Old Man Warner snorted, "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live that way for a while. Used to be a saying about 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.'）numb, "Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery," Old Man Warner said as he went through the crowd. "Seventy-seventh time."stubborn "Nothing but trouble in that," Old Man Warner said stoutly. "Pack of young fools." Mrs. Hutchinson:tragic, ( She “won” the lottery)helpless, (Everyone is happy that the person who won the lottery is not them. No one is feeling sad or unfair for her) selfish（asked to let her daughter join the second round of lottery）Mrs. Dunbar/ Mrs. Delacroix:chilling, hypocritical, ( She talked to Mrs. Hutchinson so friendly before she was picked to be the person who was going to die. Then, she chose a big stone to kill her “friend”. )brutal( she chose a big stone)Waston:brave, love his mother, responsible (draw the lottery for his mother)Mr. Adams and Mrs. Adams:Dare to question, aware of the bad of the lottery,( "They do say," Mr. Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood next to him, "that over in the north village they're talking of giving up the lottery.")Nancy and Bill:cold and detached, selfish ( As they were happy when they knew they were not going to die)Devices: （蔡嘉懿）1.Indirect characterization: For example, Warner, the oldest man. The author uses his words todescribe him as a brutal, conservative, numb, stubborn man.“Old Man Warner snorted, "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live that way for a while. Used to be a saying about 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.’”Here, he believed the advantages of lottery, keeping the old conception instead of accepting new ideas.2.Irony(1)“Mrs. Delacroix said, "You're in time, though. They're still talking away up there.""Seems like there's no time at all between lotteries any more," Mrs. Delacroix said to Mrs.Graves in the back row. "Seems like we got through with the last one only last week."From the quotation, we know that Mrs. Delacroix talked friendly to Mrs. Hutchinson, but later on she killed her with a big stone without any pity. Author uses ironic tone to express the detest of the folks who believe in old tradition and criticizes both the traditions and folks like Mrs. Delacroix.(2) “Delacroix-- the villagers pronounced this name "Dellacroy"”the original meaning of“Delacroix”is the Cross which represents for “Christianity”.Then, author uses irony of people’s mistake of pronouncing that word to criticize their misunderstanding of Christianity by doing Lottery.3.Repetition(1)“Tessie Hutchinson shouted to Mr. Summers, "You didn't give him time enough to takeany paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn't fair!"”"It isn't fair, it isn't right," Mrs. Hutchinson screamed and then they were upon her.Here, the author uses the repetition of the words of Mrs. Hutchinson stating “unfair” to show her sorrow and fear. She better passes the message of the bad of the Lottery through emphasizing the pain .(2)The black boxThe author describe the black box over and over again in order to criticize the old tradition through the repetition of the black box.4.Symbolize(1)Mr. Summer is the name of one main character. “Summer” is the symbol of years andpassing time which is also ironically revealing that the folks are numb.(2)the original meaning of “Delacroix”is the Cross which is the symbol for“Christianity” .Then, author uses irony of people’s mistake of pronouncing that word to criticize their misunderstanding of Christianity by doing Lottery.(3)The name “Graves” is the symbol of death.。
怎样写英文摘要summary英语summary writing摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。
它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。
第一步：阅读A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B．给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。
如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like（他在战斗中的勇气可以毫不夸张地被称为狮子）.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his credito r.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
Exercise 1A father’s relationship to his child’s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “life with father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child’s progress or lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family，a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of the child’s academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father’s involvement with children was affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father’s frequent overnight absence had a bad effect on the child’s progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。
Summary Writing of The Lottery
The story started in a small village, which had a small population but a long history. Thus, there was a traditional activity in this village every year, called “the lottery”.
It was a pretty morning of June 27th. The people of the village began to gather together in the square around ten o’clock. The children assembled first, making a great pile of stones in one corner of the square, and filled their pockets with the stones. Sooner, the women arrived after their husbands. They called their children back and started waiting the lottery began.
This lottery was conducted by Mr.Summers, as usual. He came here with the black wooden box, and put it on a three-legged stool, which carried by Mr. Graves, the postmaster of this village. About the black wooden box, everyone knew that it was the one replaced the original one, but no one care about making a new one instead, even as much tradition as was represented by the black Before the lottery, there were something had to be done. Mr.Summers and Mr. Graves made up the slips of paper and put them in the box. Also, there were lists of heads of families, heads of households in each family, members of each household in each family, needed to be made up. And there was the proper swearing-in of Mr.Summers by the postmaster, as the official of the lottery. At last, Mr. Summers had a speech. Just as he finally finished talking, Mrs.Hutchinson came hurriedly. And then, the lottery began.
Mr.Summers asked if everyone was here. Then, each villager came to reach into the black box and took out a folded paper one by one. In this process, people chatted about the lottery, which they were familiar to.
When everybody finished, there was a long pause, until Mr, Summers asked who got the paper. It was Bill Hutchinson. Getting the result, Bill’s wife, Tessie, shouted to Mr.Summers and tried to let her daughter in. Mr.Summers refused these words and started a new turn, among the Hutchinsons. Bill, his wife, and their three children, took the paper one by one as they had done just now. Mr.Summers opened the paper one by one, and the last one, owned by Tessie, was signed.
Mr.Summers told everyone to finished this lottery quickly in the end. And Tessie was in the center of a cleared space by then. The only thing she could do was screaming, while the villagers were throwing the stones on her head.。
