2013山东英语考试说明样题

【个人整理】2013高考山东卷考试说明样题及解答第一部分听力1. What does the man like about the play?A. The storyB. The endingC. The actorText 2M: Have we missed it? The man said it‟s only five blocks away opposite the bank.W: Wait a minute, the Chinese restaurant, the national bank, there it is, the Radisson Hotel.2. Which place are the speakers trying to find?A. A hotel.B. A bankC. A restaurant.Text 3M: Let‟s meet at 20 to 5.W: Well. Could we make it 20 past 5?W: That‟s a bit late for me. I could manage 10 past.M: OK. See you then.3. At what time will the two speakers meet?A. 5:20.B. 5:10.C. 4:40.Text 4W: Thanks for all you've done for me. Hey, listen! would you like to go to see a film sometime?M: Yeah, that'd be great. I'd love it.4. What does the woman want to do?A. See a film with the man.B. Offer the man some help.C. listen to some great music第5、6小题基于下面一段对话。

M: Hello, Nora, I heard about a flat that might interest you girls. It‟s near the central bus station on the main road, and about 75 pounds a week, quite reasonable. The problem is, it‟s only got two bedrooms, but I expect two of you could share.W: Well, as long as it‟s to me, I‟ve got to have my own room, because I‟ve been working at home most of the time, any other information?M: Yes, it‟s got a very big and well equipped kitchen, and I know you like cooking. So that‟s another point in its favor, but there is a small sitting room, and not much furniture yet. So let me know quickly if you want it or it will be taken.6. What do we know about Nora?A .She prefers a room of ownB. She likes to work with other girlsC. She lives near the city center7. What is good about the flat?A. It has a large sitting roomB. It has good furnitureC. It has a big kitchen第7、8小题基于下面一段对话。

W: Hey, where is everybody?M: They took Ben to the park. Where have you been?W: Sorry, I‟m late. I picked up the cake and it took me longer than I expected. When will the party start?M: Ben invited eight children from school. And they‟ll arrive at about 2 in the afternoon.W: OK. Then I‟ll put the candles on the cake and leave it in the kitchen and then I‟ll come and help set the table.7. Where is Ben?A. In the kitchenB. At schoolC. In the park8. What will the children do in the afternoon?A. Help act the table.B. Have a partC. their homework第9、10、11小题基于下面一段对话。

W: Bob, I‟m sure you know about second-hand smoke.M: Of course, I do.W: But have you heard about third-hand smoke?M: Third-hand smoke? I‟m afraid not. What is that then?W: Well, it is here in today‟s paper. Parents may think they are protecting children from s econd-hand smoke when they smoke outside their home or only when the children are not there. But now researchers are warning about what they call third-hand smoke. When you smoke dangerous matter from cigarettes get into your hair and clothing. As babies are the weakest, when you come to a baby, you pass it to the baby and increase the chances of disease in the baby.M: Is that so? In that case I have to say that I should never get close to a baby.W: That‟s right. Actually all smoking parents should do the same or better give it up completely.9. How did the woman get to know about third-hand smoke?A. From young smokersB. From a newspaper articleC. From a smoking parents10. Why does the man say that he should keep away from babies?A. He is just become a fatherB. He wears dirty clothesC. He is a smoker11. What does the woman suggest smoking parents should do?A. Stop smoking altogether 、B. Smoke only outside their housesC. Reduce dangerous matter in cigarettes第12、13、14、15小题基于下面一段对话。

M: Hello, welcome to our program “Today City”. I‟m Larry. We‟re going to Louisville Kentucky where our guest Michelle Ray comes from. She is proud of her middle-sized city with a small town feel and big city dreams. Now, Michelle, tell us about your city.W: Thank you, Larry. Here is my city. Louisville is my city. The first place I take visitors from out of town is to the Highlands for shopping and night life. When I have delicious Asian food I always go to the Zen Garden which provides wonderful all vegetable dishes.M: Wow, that‟s interesting. Many people go for healthy food now.W: You can say that again. If I want to go camping and fishing, I go to the Red River area. For complete quiet I can hide away in my house with a good book from one of our public libraries.M: That all sounds very exciting. I‟m sure some of our listeners will include Louisville in their travel plan for theirnext holiday. Thank you, Michelle.12. Where does Michelle Ray come from?A. A middle-sized cityB. A small townC. A his city13. Which place would Michele Ray take her visitors to for shopping?A. The Zen Garden.B. The Highlands.C. The Rd River area.14. What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet?A. Go campingB. Study in a library.C. Read at home.15. What are the speakers talking about in general?A. Late-night shopping.B. Asian food.C. Louisville.第二部分英语知识运用第一节：单项填空1. After competing and singing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________.A. providingB. providedC. having providedD.provide2. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _______ the piano upstairs?A. has playedB. playedC. playsD. is playing3. — Are you going to take part in the speech contest?—________ It‟s too good an opportunity to miss.A. No problem!B. That‟s for sure.C. Why me?D. Why bother?4. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or ________.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whateverD. however5. It doesn‟t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why6. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project.A. had startedB. has startedC. startedD. starts7. —John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.—Oh, _________!A. cheer upB.well doneC. go aheadD. congratulations8. If we ___ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.A. haven't madeB. wouldn't makeC. didn't makeD. hadn't made9. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid10. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _______ are built close to each other.A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that第二节：完形填空例一Whenever we hear about “the homeless,”, most of us think of the Developing World. But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany?Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin, Germany‟s capital. They first 39 one long hot summer when most Germans were 40 on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren‟t42 . “What these people also need is warmth and 43 ,” says Rita. The Mullers didn‟t 44 to give their phone number to the street people and told them tophone anytime. Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldn‟t face another night on the street.The couple were soon 47 all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations. Today, over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes.Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and parents shouldn‟t 53 money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 54 . she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having madea 55 in the world.36. A. result B. truth C. reason D. idea37. A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy38. A. preparations B. houses C. meals D. suggestions39. A. began B. met C. called D. left40. A. asleep B. alone C. across D. away41. A. brought up B. set up C. put aside D. gave away42. A. enough B. necessary C. helpful D. expensive43. A. fame B. freedom C. courage D. caring44. A. hesitate B. agree C. pretend D. intend45. A. make sense B. found out C. make sure D. worked out46. A. open B. crowded C. noisy D. near47. A. costing B. wasting C. taking D. spending48. A. pay for B. ask for C. look into D. carry out49. A. completely B. calmly C. regularly D. roughly50. A. advertise B. sell C. deliver D. lend51. A. donates B. produces C. designs D. collects52. A. permission B. payment C. direction D. support53. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. expect54. A. surprised B. excited C. tired D. amused55. A. profit B. difference C. decision D. rule例二There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __21__home from work in the evenings. A man will be__22__ the newspaper, and seconds later it __23___ as if he is trying to ___24__it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___25__ next to him.___26___ place where unplanned short sleep __27__ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so __28__that the professor has to ask another student to___29___ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the ___30___ of the head pushes the arm off the___31___, and the movement carries the__32___ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no __33___ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __34___ . Police reports are full of ___35___ that occur when people fall into sleep and go__36__ the road. If the drivers are ___37____ , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, __38__ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __39____ and thought it was raining. When people are really ___40___, nothing will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are.21. A. way B. track C. path D. road22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31．A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents36. A. up B. off C. along D. down37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy例三I first went to hear a live rock concert when I was eight years old. My brother and his friends were all _36__ of a heavy metal group called Black Wednesday. When they __37_ that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought ____38___ for performance. However, at the last minute, one of the friends couldn‟t go, so my brother __39__ me the ticket. I was really __40_!I remember the buzz (嘈杂声) of excitement inside the theatre as we all found our __41__ . After a few minutes, the lights went down and everybody became __42__. I could barely make out the stage in the __43__. We waited. Then there was a roar from the crowd, like an explosion, as the first members of the band _44__ the stage. My brother leaned over and shouted some thing in my ear, but I couldn‟t _45_ what he was saying. The first song was already starting and the music was as_46_ a jet engine. I could __47__ the drum beats and bass notes in my stomach.I can‟t recall any of the songs that the band played. I just __48_ that I really enjoyed the show and didn‟t want it to _ 49_. But in the end, after three encores (加演), the show finished. We left the 50_ and walked unsteadily out onto the pavement. I felt a little dizzy, as if I had just 51_from a long sleep. My ears were still 52_with the beat of the last song.After the 53 , I became a Black Wednesday fan too for a few years before getting into other kinds of music. Once in a while, 54_, I listen to one of their songs and 55_I‟m back at that first show.36. A. members B. friends C. fans D. volunteers37. A. guessed B. discovered C. thought D. predicted38. A. flowers B. drinks C. clothes D. tickets39. A. booked B. offered C. returned D. found40. A. relaxed B. embarrassed C. excited D. encouraged41. A. seats B. entrance C. spots D. space42. A. comfortable B. quite C. serious D. nervous43. A. silence B. noise C. darkness D. smoke44. A. fell upon B. got through C. broke into D. stepped onto45. A. forget B. hear C. repeat D. bear46. A. loud B. heard C. sweet D. fast47. A. feel B. touch C. enjoy D. digest48. A. realize B. understand C. believe D. remember49. A. continue B. delay C. finish D. change50. A. party B. theatre C. opera D. stage51. A. escaped B. traveled C. benefited D. woken52. A. aching B. burning C. ringing D. rolling53. A. competition B. performance C. interview D. celebration54. A. though B. otherwise C. instead D. besides55. A. decide B. regret C. conclude D. imagine第三部分阅读理解例一The pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru‟s heartbreaking story could have on good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, for from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.Nauru‟s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company disc overed phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip-mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately ＄433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.1. What might be the author‟s purpose in writing the text?A. To seek help for Nauru‟s problems.B. To give a warning to other countries.C. To show the importance of money.D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?A. Rich and powerful.B. Modern and open.C. Peaceful and attractiveD. Greedy and aggressive.3. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from____.A. soil pollutionB. phosphate overminingC. farming activityD. whale hunting4. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru‟s financial problem?A. Its leaders misused the money.B. It spent too much repairing the island.C. Its phosphate mining cost much money.D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.5. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B. The leaders will take the experts‟ words seriou sly.C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.D. The phosphate mines were destroyed.例二Arthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller‟s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary, drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However, he experienced sever e financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.Millers' s most famous play, Death of a Salesman , is a powerful attack on the American system ,with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman , the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics` Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.1. Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream.C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D. His family business failed.2. The play Death of a Salesman_______________.A. exposes the cruelty of the American business worldB. discusses the ways to get promoted in a companyC. talks about the business career of Arthur MillerD. focuses on the skills in doing business3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?A. He treats his employer badly.B. He runs the Wagner Company.C. He is a victim of the American system.D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman____________.A. achieved huge successB. won the first Tony AwardC. was warmly welcomed by salesmenD. was severely attacked by dramatists5. What is the text mainly about?A. Arthur Miller and his family.B. The awards Arthur Miller won.C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.例三Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals（壁画）have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.The walls that were once ugly with graffiti（涂鸦）are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia‟s Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP‟s artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about,” she says, “I answer them with oneword: hope.” Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.The MAP‟s work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community. When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets,” “ Love and Care,” and “ Peace Walk.”The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals.“The making of a mural enters people‟s collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood histor y” says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.1. What can be the best title for the text?A. Love, from Graffiti Writers to MuralistsB. MAP, a New Company in PhiladelphiaC. Jane, an Excellent Mural ArtistD. Hope, One Wall at a Time2. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?A. Helping the young find jobs.B. Protecting the neighborhood.C. Fighting against graffiti.D. Attracting more visitors.3. How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?A. By having discussions with people in the community.B. By seeking advice from the city government.C. By learning from the young graffiti writers.D. By studying the history of the city.4. Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?A. Difficult.B. Dangerous.C. Experimental.D. Successful.例四Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Milan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic whee lchair directed by a person‟s thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabl ed people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Prof. Milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.71. BCI is a technology that can __________.A. help to update computer systemsB. link the human brain with computersC. help the disabled to recoverD. control a person's thoughts72. How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?A. By controlling his muscles.B. By talking to the machine.C. By moving his hand.D. By using his mind.73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchairC. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair74. The team will test with real patients to_________.A. make profits from themB. prove the technology useful to themC. make them live longerD. learn about their physical condition75. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCI Research CenterB. New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries第四部分书面表达第一节：阅读表达例一[1] Ashley Power‟s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn‟t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I‟d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”[2] So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley”, where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company then you are only sixteen. “I was so happy. But it was crazy in a l ot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen—I didn‟t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you‟d be stressed, too!”[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to stare their own business, “Ju st be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don‟t listen when_______, because I heard …no‟ a lot. Just keep going until you hear …yes‟!”76. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (no more than 10 words)_____________________________________________________________________77. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)_____________________________________________________________________78. According to Paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (no more than 10 words)_____________________________________________________________________79. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (no more than 5 words)_____________________________________________________________________80. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words._____________________________________________________________________例二[1]When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn‟t take Cuddles out for a walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.[2]When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an anima lover, said he couldn‟t hear to part with a dog(which usually lives about eight to ten years)and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.[3]Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horse possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25-35 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.[4]Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.[5]Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets, step over curbs (便道沿儿) and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated (显示) its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.56. What‟s the meaning of the underlined word “miniature” in Pa ragraph 1? (No more than 2 words)_______________________________________________________________________________________ 57. Why didn‟t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide? (No more than 15 words)_______________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (No more than 10 words)_______________________________________________________________________________________ 59. How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (No more than 10 words)_______________________________________________________________________________________ 60. In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals? (No more than 20 words)_______________________________________________________________________________________例三[ 1 ] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?[2] If , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先)over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.。