河海大学考博英语：考博英语词汇复习之基础部分

分类词汇homog‎e neou‎s同质的homo + gene +ous(＜＞ heter‎o gene‎o us)^ homo***ual, heter‎o***ual mains‎t ream‎主流主流的diale‎c t 方言 (v.s. accen‎t)discr‎e panc‎y差异misco‎n cept‎i on 误解 (mis + conce‎p t + ion)= misun‎d erst‎a ndin‎gbarri‎e r 障碍(物)~ bar, = barri‎c adediscr‎i mina‎t ion 区别，歧视rac‎i al/***ual discr‎i mina‎t ion? discr‎i mina‎t e (+again‎s t)hiera‎r chy 等级制度h‎e ir + arch(gover‎n) + yinsul‎a rity‎岛国性质 (? insul‎a r, ^islan‎d)Briti‎s h indus‎t ry has often‎been criti‎c ized‎for its lingu‎i stic‎insul‎a rity‎.micro‎c osm 小天地 micro‎+ cosm(os)nosta‎l gia = homes‎i ckne‎s spatri‎o t 爱国者 (＜＞ trait‎o r)à patri‎o tic, patri‎o tism‎notor‎i ety 恶名 (? notor‎i ous)count‎e rpar‎t对应人，对等物Wh‎o’s‎Georg‎e‎Bush’s‎count‎e rpar‎t in China‎?^ count‎e rcul‎t ure, count‎e rbal‎a ncepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subor‎d inat‎e下级下级的＜＞ super‎i ortacti‎c s 战术，技巧v.s. strat‎e gy (战略，策略)marke‎t ing strat‎e gy v.s. selli‎n g tacti‎c snuanc‎e a subtl‎e diffe‎r ence‎in meani‎n gcompa‎t riot‎同胞同胞的co‎m + patri‎o tverna‎c ular‎本地的，本国的本地话，本国话th‎e verna‎c ular‎langu‎a ges of India‎Hispa‎n ic An Ameri‎c an whose‎first‎langu‎a ge was Spani‎s himmig‎r atio‎n移入~ immig‎r ant, immig‎r atev‎.s. emigr‎a tion‎ (~ emigr‎a nt, emigr‎a te)antip‎o des Any two place‎s or regio‎n s on diame‎t rica‎l ly oppos‎i te sides‎of the Earth‎“from‎North‎Ameri‎c a to the Antip‎o des”‎perme‎a te 渗透，弥漫Smo‎k e perme‎a ted the house‎.entre‎p rene‎u r 企业家 (~ enter‎p rise‎)à entre‎p rene‎u rshi‎ppract‎i tion‎e r 开业者，从业者pr‎a ctio‎n(pract‎i ce) + erceleb‎r ity a famou‎s perso‎n= lumin‎a ry, VIPproxy‎代理人anecd‎o te 轶事 (à anecd‎o tal)bench‎m arki‎n g 类比分析punct‎u al 准时的，守时的 (à punct‎u alit‎y)absen‎t eeis‎m旷工abs‎e nt à absen‎t ee à absen‎t eeis‎mflext‎i me 弹性工作时‎间flex‎(flexi‎b le) + timeharas‎s骚扰 (à haras‎s ment‎)Mary said that Gary had ***ually‎haras‎s ed her.redun‎d ancy‎冗余，冗员net‎w ork redun‎d ancy‎downs‎i ze 裁员 (~ lay off)ballo‎t投票(= vote)impar‎t ial 不偏不倚的‎(＜＞ parti‎a l)lobby‎大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbi‎n g 配音录制vogue‎时尚^ chicbizar‎r e 奇异的v.s. weird‎(怪异的)medio‎c re 平庸的dieti‎t ian 饮食学家 (~ diet)conno‎i sseu‎r行家，鉴赏家^ entré‎e, a la carte‎short‎l ist (BE) a list of appli‎c ants‎who have been deeme‎d suita‎b le and from which‎the succe‎s sful‎perso‎n will be chose‎n à (v.)equil‎i briu‎m平衡，均衡quest‎i onna‎i re 调查表，问卷quant‎i tati‎v e 定量的 (＜＞ quali‎t ativ‎e)conti‎n genc‎y偶然性，偶然事件incur‎招致inc‎u r debts‎/hatre‎d/dange‎r v.s. occur‎, concu‎r, recur‎ethic‎a l 伦理的，符合伦理的‎~ ethic‎s, ＜＞ uneth‎i caldubio‎u s 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt‎)Peopl‎e were dubio‎u s about‎the resul‎t.manif‎e stat‎i on 显示，证明 (? manif‎e st)subti‎t le 字幕，副标题(sub + title‎)^ subsi‎d iary‎,subma‎r ine, subwa‎y(BE: under‎g roun‎d, tube), subur‎b(~ downt‎o wn, uptow‎n, outsk‎i rts考博英语翻‎译中可能涉‎及的热点词‎汇总裁助理assis‎t ant presi‎d ent综合治理compr‎e hens‎i ve treat‎m ent安居工程housi‎n g proje‎c t for low-incom‎e urban‎resid‎e nts信息化infor‎m atio‎n-based‎;infor‎m atio‎n izat‎i on智力密集型‎conce‎n trat‎i on of brain‎power‎;knowl‎e dge-inten‎s ive外资企业overs‎e as-funde‎d enter‎p rise‎s下岗职工laid-off worke‎r s分流repos‎i tion‎of redun‎d ant perso‎n nel三角债chain‎debts‎素质教育educa‎t ion for all-round‎devel‎o pmen‎t豆腐渣工程‎jerry‎-built‎proje‎c ts社会治安情‎况law-and-order‎situa‎t ion民族国家natio‎n state‎台独"indep‎e nden‎c e of Taiwa‎n"台湾当局Taiwa‎n autho‎r itie‎s台湾同胞Taiwa‎n compa‎t riot‎s台湾是中国‎领土不可分‎割的一部分‎。

考博英语怎么复习考博英语复习是一个比较长期且艰巨的任务，需要有系统性的规划和高效的方法。

下面将从听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个方面进行复习建议的介绍。

首先是听力部分。

要提高听力能力，首先需要进行大量的听力训练。

可以选择一些英语学习网站、广播节目、英语电影或纪录片作为听力材料。

在听的过程中，可以注意其中的重点信息，尝试提取关键词来加深对整个内容的理解，强化对语言的敏感度和反应速度。

在复习过程中还需多进行听力模拟考试，熟悉考试的出题形式和节奏，培养自己的解题技巧。

第二是阅读部分。

阅读是考博英语中重要的一部分，因此要从一些重点或经典文章入手，提高阅读能力和理解水平。

可以选择一些学术性文章，如论文、期刊等，多进行阅读和思考。

在阅读过程中，需要学会寻找文章的主旨和关键信息，提炼出段落的主题句和关键词，培养整体把握能力。

同时，还要注重积累词汇和短语，扩大自己的词汇量，以便更好地理解和辨析文章的含义。

第三是写作部分。

写作是考博英语中需要较高水平的能力，因此需要进行大量的写作训练。

可以选择一些热门话题或与自己研究方向相关的话题，进行写作练习。

在写作过程中，要注重逻辑性和连贯性，合理组织文章的结构和段落，运用丰富的词汇和短语表达自己的观点。

同时，还要注意语法和句式的正确使用，尽量避免语法错误和重复使用相同的句式。

最后是翻译部分。

考博英语中常常有一些翻译的题目，要求准确理解原文并将其翻译成中文。

为了提高翻译能力，可以选择一些英文材料进行翻译练习，如文章、新闻、学术论文等。

在翻译过程中，要借助词典和在线翻译工具等资源，但也要注意量力而行，不要完全依赖工具。

要注重准确表达原文的意思和语境，同时也要注意中英文的文化差异，避免产生歧义或误解。

总结起来，考博英语的复习要从听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个方面入手，进行有针对性的训练和练习。

要注重积累词汇和短语，培养语感和语法水平，提高解题技巧和答题速度。

在复习过程中还要注意查漏补缺，及时纠正自己的错误，保持良好的备考状态。

人大考博英语复习备考基础阶段语法单词复习方法语法和词汇是复习考博英语的基础。

对于考博的学生而言，基础阶段是全面、系统得学习语法的关键时期。

因为，如果能在这一时期打下坚实的基础，接下来的学习会非常顺利，后期的阅读、写作及翻译的技巧和方法更能融会贯通。

基础阶段，考生应该全面掌握考博语法要点。

无论英语基础是否扎实，万学海文英语考博辅导专家们都建议2012年的广大考生们应该从头开始，将语法知识进行系统化的学习，因为大多数同学的语法知识只限于高中语法，对语法没有系统地掌握。

考生要针对个人情况，多下苦功突破薄弱环节，巩固并熟练掌握常考的重要语法点，如：三大从句(名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句)，非谓语动词，比较结构，否定句等。

语法学习贵在持之以恒多数考生感觉语法知识比较枯燥，不愿意学习。

但是，语法学习是能顺利通过研究生考试的因素之一。

万学海文建议建议2012年的考生要静下心来，结合做题来学习，即先看语法书，然后做相应的题目巩固语法知识。

如果题目做得不理想，这会成为你学习的动力;如果题目做得不错，说明你对这部分语法知识掌握得不错。

学习的同时，要对基本的语法知识进行整理，形成一个体系，也要对一些特殊的语法现象进行归纳。

另外，语法复习重在语法现象本身，而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语，检验语法是否过关的另外一个方法：在阅读练习中能否准确理解长难句。

同学们一定要把语法学习和平时的练习结合起来，做到学以致用。

词汇学习贵在把握规律说到考博词汇，更是让考生们畏之如虎，在很多同学的印象中，考博大纲中所要求的词汇都是一些难词、大词，甚至是平时罕见的词，这些词一部分是为为难考生而选的，所以对背单词都有一些恐惧感。

首先大家应该调整心态克服这种心理。

众所周知，大纲中要求5500 个单词，其中不乏一些所学过的单词，甚至一些词是高中就曾经出现过的，大家早已熟悉。

比如说：考博大纲中对于school 这个词还有要求，可以说大家对于这个词再熟悉不过了，在初中一年级课本的韩梅梅和李雷同学经典的对话中我们就学到过这个词，但是考纲中仍对这个词有要求，仔细看，发现这个词后面又加了一些引申义。

2015河海大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、河海大学考博英语题型初试的笔试科目为外国语(听力测试在复试中进行)、政治理论和两门业务课，其中英语试题构成一般为词汇结构10%，填空及改错10%，阅读40%，写作和翻译40%。

三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。

不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。

百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！分类词汇homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous(＜＞ heterogeneous)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainstream 主流主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视 racial/***ual discrimination? discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 (? insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 (＜＞traitor)à patriotic, patriotismnotoriety 恶名 (? notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate 下级下级的＜＞ superiortactics 战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningcompatriot 同胞同胞的 com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的(à punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had ***ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (＜＞ partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制1百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！vogue 时尚 ^ chicbizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 (＜＞ qualitative)contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ~ ethics, ＜＞ unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理 assistant president综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation 台独"independence 台湾当局 Taiwan 台湾同胞 Taiwan stateof Taiwan" authorities compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

2023年考博英语重点词汇4L/M/N/Olacen. 鞋带, 花边landscapen. 地貌；风景largelyad.大部分；大量地ad.大规模地latea. 迟的 a. 去世不久的latentadj．潜伏的, 潜在的lathen. 车床,陶器,镟床latituden. 纬度, 范围,(用复数)地区, 行动或言论的自由latticen. （做篱笆或爬藤架等的）格子架laundryn．洗衣房, 洗衣店n．送洗衣店去洗的东西leafletn. 传单leakagen. 渗漏, 漏出leasen．租约, 租期, v．出租legislationn. 立法；法规lengthn．长, 长度；一段n．限度, 范围lengthenvt. 使延长vi.变长leopardn. 豹lessenvt. 减少；减轻levern．杆, 杠杆；控制杆n．途径, 工具, 手段liabilityn. 责任,债务,倾向liableadj. 易于((的, 有（还债）责任的lightern．打火机, 引燃器likelihoodn. 也许(性)likenessn. 同样；类似, 相似lilyn. 百合, 百合花, 睡莲limbn．肢（手或脚）, 翼limestonen. 石灰石limpv. 跛.adj. 无力的，松软. linearadj. 线的, 成直线的linern．班船, 班机n．班船, 定期班机lingerv. 逗留, 闲荡, 迟延, 游移liningn. (衣服里的)衬里lipstickn．唇膏, 口红literaladj. 精确的、忠实原义的literallyad. 字面上，的确地，真正. literarya. 文学(上)的littern. 垃圾, 一窝（动物）, v. 乱丢lobbyn. 大厅, 休息厅localityn. 位置, 地点, 发生地locationn. 位置, 场地；外景拍摄地locomotiveadj. 运动的, n. 机车locustn. 蝗虫, 贪吃的人lodgingn．寄宿, 住宿；住所loftyadj. 高的,高超的,傲慢的,高级的logn．v．日记,longingn. 渴望 a.显示渴望的longituden. 经度looseadj.宽松的, 散漫的looselyad.松松地, 松散地loosenvt. 解开；使松驰vi.变松loungev．懒散地斜. n. 休息.lubricatevt. 使润滑vi.加润滑油luminousadj. 发光的, 易懂的lumpn．一块, 肿块, v．形成块状lunara. 月球的,有关月球的luncheonn. 午宴, 午餐, 便宴luxuriousadj．爱好奢侈的, 豪华的magiciann. 魔法师；变戏法的人magistraten. 地方保安官magnetn. 磁铁, 磁石, 磁体n. 有吸引力的人(或物) magnetismn. 磁性, 吸引力magnifyv. 放大, 赞美magnituden. 重要, 星球的光亮度maidn. 女佣, 女仆；少女n. 少女；处女maidenn. 少女, 未婚女子maina．重要的, 最重要的n.总管道, 干线maintenancen. 保养；维持majestyn．威严, 尊严；陛下makeupn. 组织；性格；化装品malicen. 恶意mammaln. 哺乳动物manifest1.n．载货单,运货单,旅客名. 2.adj. 显然的,明白. manipulatevt. *纵,运用,假造,应付mansionn. 大厦,邸manuscriptn. 手稿,原稿,底稿maplen. 枫树marginn. ［商］成本与售价的差额,赚头,保证金marginaladj．书页空白处的, 不重要的marketvt. 销售；出售Marsn. 火星；战争marshn. 沼泽,湿地marshaln. 元帅. 典礼官. 执行官. 司仪官;vt. 整顿. 配置. . martyrn．烈士, 殉道者marveln. 奇迹v.惊奇masculinea. 男性的；强壮的massacren. 大屠杀, 大败massiveadj. 巨大的, 粗重的mastn．船桅, 旗杆maturea. 成熟的vt.使成熟vi.成熟measurementn. 测量；衡量(方法)mechanismn. 机理；机制meditatevi. 沉思,反省melancholyadj．忧郁的, 令人悲哀的melodyn. 曲子,美的音乐,曲调membershipn. 会员身份menacevt. vi. 威吓,胁迫mendvt. 修改,改善,加快,修理merchandisen. 商品, 货品mercifula. 仁慈的, 宽敞的mercuryn．水银, 汞n．水星n．汞, 水银；水银柱meritn. 价值；优点meshvt. 以网捕获, 啮合, 编织messn. 混乱, 混杂, 肮脏vt.弄脏, 弄乱, 搞糟messagen．信息, 消息；启示n．启示, 要旨, 教训metallica. 金属的metallurgyn. 冶金术；冶金学metropolitana. 大城市的microprocessorn. 微信息解决机microscopicadj．极小的, 显微镜的microwaven. 微波mightya. 强大的；巨大的migratevi．迁移, 移居milda. 温和的milkya. 牛**；乳白色的millionairen．百分富翁, 巨富minglevt. vi. (使)混合miniaturen．小画像, 缩影minimizevt. 最小化mint1.vt. 铸造,铸币,伪. 2.n. 薄荷,造币厂,巨. mirrorn. 镜子n. 反映, 借鉴misern. 守财奴, 吝啬鬼miseryn．痛苦, 悲惨, 不幸misfortunen. 不幸,灾祸,坏运气mishiefn．调皮, 捣蛋, 胡闹missionaryn. 传教士mistn. 薄雾n. 薄雾vi.下薄雾mistressn．女主人；夫人n．情妇, 情人mittenn. （四指套在一起姆指分开的）手套mixern．混合者, 搅拌器mobvi. 聚众闹事mobilizevt. 动员mockv. 嘲笑, 模仿地嘲弄moderatelyad.适度地, 适中modestyn. 谦逊；端庄；羞怯modificationn. 修改, 修饰modulatev．调整（音的强弱）, 变调modulen. 模数；模；组件moleculara. 分子的；克分子的momentaryadj. 短暂的, 瞬间的monarchn. 君主, 帝王monkn. 和尚, 僧侣, 修道士monopolyn. 专利权, 垄断monstern. 庞然大物, 怪物monstrousadj. 巨大的, 可怕的moorn. 旷野地, 荒野v. 使（船）停泊mopn. 墩布, 洗碗刷moralityn. 道德, 美德, 品行mortgagen．抵押贷款, 抵押证书v．抵押Moslemn. &a. 穆斯林(的)mosquen. 清真寺mossn．苔藓, 地衣moteln. 汽车游客旅馆motiven. 动机, 目的 a.发动的, 运动的motorwayn．汽车道, 快车路mountainousa. 多山的；山一般的multiplicationn. 乘法multituden．多数, 大众, 平民municipala. 市(政)的murmurn. 低语,低声的怨言musculara. 肌肉发达的, 强健的musev. 沉思, 冥想mustardn. 芥子, 芥末mutevt．减弱...的声音adj.无声的, 沉默的mysteryn. 神秘napkinn. 餐巾(纸)narrationn. 叙述negativea. 悲观的；负面的negligibleadj．可忽略的, 无关紧要的negotiatevi. 商议,谈判,交涉neighbourn. 邻.neighbouringa. 邻近的, 接壤的nestn．巢, 窝, 穴vi.筑巢vt.为(筑巢neta. 纯的；净的networkn. 网络neutronn. 中子nicea．美好的, 令人快乐的a．细微的, 微妙的nickeln. 镍nicknamen. 绰号；nightmaren. 恶梦, 可怕的事nominatevt. 提名, 推荐；任命normn. 规范, 准则normalizationn．正常化, 标准化northward(s)ad.向北方 a.向北的nosen. 鼻子；突出部分n. 突出部分(如船头等) notableadj. 值得注意的, 显著的, 著名的noteda．著名的, 知名的notifyv. 告知notionn. 概念；想法notoriousadj. 臭名昭著的, 著名的notwithstandingprep. 尽管, 虽然noughtn．无, 零nourishvt. 滋养, 使健壮, 怀有(希望,仇恨等) nourishmentn. 食物；营养品noveln．小说 a.新的, 异常的noveltyn. 新奇,新鲜,新奇的事物nucleusn．核, 核心；(原子)核n．原子核；细胞核numericala. 数字的nunn. 修女, 尼姑nurseryn. 托儿所；苗圃n. 苗圃, 养鱼池nutn. 坚果, 干果；螺母n. 螺帽, 螺母oarn. 橹, 桨, v. 划（船）oathn. 誓约, 誓言obediencen．服从, 顺从；管辖obedientadj. 服从的,顺从的,孝顺的objectivea. 客观的；真实的，n. 目. obligationn．责任, 债务obligevt. 强制,施恩惠于,束缚,使感激obscureadj．暗的. 朦胧的. 模糊. v. 使阴暗,隐藏,使模. observationn. 观测observevt. 注意；观测obstinateadj. 固执的；倔强的occurrencen. 发生,事件,发现offencen. 犯罪, 犯规；冒犯offensiveadj．令人不快的, 得罪人的offervt. 提供；提出vt. 呈现出vi.出现offsetv．抵销, 补偿offspringn. 后代ohmn. 欧姆oliven. 橄榄, 橄榄树onward(s)a. 向前(的), 在前面opaqueadj．不透明的, 难懂的operationn. 运转；*作opiumn. 鸦片；麻醉剂opticala. 眼的；光学的 a. 光的；光学的optimismn. 乐观主义optimumadj. 最佳的, 最有利的optionn．选择, 选择权n．选择, 取舍orchardn. 果园orchestran. 管弦乐队ordinarilyad.通常, 大约orientvt. 使朝东, 使适应, 拟定方向orientationn. 定向originatevt. 创始ornamentn. 装饰物；装饰n. 装饰物vt.装修ornamentala. 装饰的otherwisead.此外；要不然ad.此外；在其他方面oughtv. aux.应当, 应当v. aux 早应当, 本应outbreakn. 爆发outcomen. 结果；结局outermosta. 最外的；离中心最远的outlawn. 歹徒. 逃犯. 丧失公权者;v. 将...放逐. 宣布.... outletn．出口, 出路；排遣n．发泄(感情等)的方法outlinevt. 描绘；画出...的轮廓outsiden．外部；外表a.外部的prep.在(外, 向(外ovala. 卵形的n.卵形overalla. 总的；全面的overestimatevt. 过高估计overflowvt. 从(中溢出overhangvt. 悬于(之上vi.悬垂overhearvt. 偶尔听到；偷听overlapvt. 重叠,反复overloadvt. 使超载overlookvt. 忽视overseasad.海外ad.在海外, (向)国外overtakevt. 追上, 赶上；压倒vt. 忽然袭击, 压倒overthrown．推翻. 打倒. 扔得过远得球;vt. 打倒. 推翻. 颠. overwhelmvt. 淹没,受打击,制服,压倒overwhelminga．压倒的, 势不可挡的oxiden. 氧化物oxidizev．氧化, 生锈oystern. 牡蛎。

考博词汇总表（10000词汇完整版）abate [ə'beit] v．减轻，减退；废除aberrant[æ'berənt] a.畸变的;异常的;脱离常轨的ablate [æb'leit] v.切除，摘除abortion[ə'bɔ:ʃən] n．流产，早产；(计划等的)失败，夭折abrade [ə'breid]v．擦伤；磨损abscess ['æbsis] n．脓肿abstain [əb'stein] v．戒、避免；弃权abstinence ['æbstinəns]n．节制；禁欲absurd [əb'sə:d]a．荒唐的accent ['æksənt, æk'sent] n．腔调，口音；重音，重音符号v．加重读accessory[ək'sesəri] n．附件，附属品；同谋，帮凶a．附属的，附加的accordance [ə'kɔ:dəns] n．一致，给予accountant [ə'kauntənt] n．会计accuse [ə'kju:z]v．谴责，指控，告发achromatopsia[ə,krəumə'tɔpsiə] n．色盲acidosis[,æsi'dəusis] n．酸中毒acknowledge[ək'nɔlidʒ] v．承认；致谢acknowledgement [ək'nɔlidʒmənt] n．承认，感谢；收到的通知acne ['ækni] n．痤疮，粉刺acoustic [ə'ku:stik]a．声学的；听觉的acquaint[ə'kweint] v．使认识，使了解，通知acupuncture ['ækju,pʌŋktʃə, ,ækju'pʌŋktʃə] n．针刺，针刺疗法addict [ə'dikt,'ædikt] v．使沉溺，使醉心；使成瘾n．有瘾的人，吸毒成瘾adduce [ə'dju:s]v．引证；提出adequate['ædikwit] a．足够的；恰当的admonish[əd'mɔniʃ] v．告诫advisory [əd'vaizəri] a.咨询的，劝告的advocate['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət] n.拥护者，提倡者v．拥护, 提倡aerobic [,eiə'rəubik] a．需氧的afebrile [æ'fi:brail]a．无热的affection[ə'fekʃən] n．爱；感情；病afferent ['æfərənt] a．传入的affiliate [ə'filieit, ə'filiit, -eit]v．使附属；隶属affinity [ə'finəti]n.亲和力；密切关系afflict [ə'flikt] v．使苦恼，折磨aggressive [ə'ɡresiv]a.爱寻衅的，侵略的；有进取心的agile['ædʒail] a．敏捷的，灵活的agitate ['ædʒiteit]v．搅动；激动, 焦急不安agony['æɡəni] n．苦恼，痛苦ague ['eiɡju:]n．疟疾；寒颤alga ['ælɡə]n．水藻，海藻alleviate [ə'li:vieit]v．减轻(痛苦)，缓和alliance [ə'laiəns] n．联盟，同盟，联合，联姻allowance [ə'lauəns] n．允许；津贴，补助(费) v.定量供应alloy ['ælɔi, ə'lɔi]n．合金v．合铸allude[ə'lju:d] v．暗指，提到allure [ə'ljuə] v．引诱，吸引almighty [ɔ:l'maiti]a．全能的；n.全能的神alphabet ['ælfəbit]n．字母表aluminum[ə'lju:minəm] n．铝alveolus [æl'viələs]n．小窝，牙槽；肺泡amateur ['æmətə, ,æmə'tə:]a．业余的n．业余爱好者ambassador [æm'bæsədə]n．大使ambient ['æmbiənt]a．周围的，包围着的；环境的ambiguous [æm'biɡjuəs]n．模棱两可的ambulance ['æmbjuləns]n．救护车ambulant ['æmbjulənt]a．走动的；适宜于下床活动的ameliorate [ə'mi:ljəreit]v．改善，改良，转好amenable[ə'mi:nəbl] a顺从的，有义务的; 经得起检验的amend [ə'mend]v．改正，修正；改好amiable ['eimjəbl]a．亲切的，和蔼可亲的amid [ə'mid] prep．在…中，在…当中ammonia [ə'məunjə] n．氨ample['æmpl] a．充分的，富裕的；宽敞的amputate ['æmpjuteit]v．切断，截(肢)amuse [ə'mju:z]v．逗…笑，给…以娱乐，给以消遣amusement [ə'mju:zmənt]n.娱乐，消遣，娱乐活动analogue ['ænəlɔɡ]n.类似物a.类似的analogy [ə'nælədʒi] n.类似，相似；比拟; 类推analysis [ə'næləsis]n.分析，解析analyze ['ænəlaiz]v.分析，分解anatomy [ə'nætəmi]n.解剖学ancestor ['ænsestə]n.祖宗，祖先ancestral [æn'sestrəl] a.祖先的，祖传的ancestry ['ænsestri] n.祖先，家世ancient ['einʃənt]a.古代的，古老的n，古代人，老人anemia [ə'ni:miə]n．贫血症anesthesia [,ænis'θi:ziə] n．感觉缺失；麻醉anesthetic [,ænis'θetik]a．麻木的n．麻醉剂anguish['æŋɡwiʃ] n.极度的痛苦v．感到极度痛苦anhydrous [æn'haidrəs] a．脱水的，无水的animate ['ænimeit, 'ænimət] v．使有生气，使活泼；激励animation[,æni'meiʃən] n．生气，活泼，兴奋；动画片annoy [ə'nɔi]v．使烦恼，使生气，打搅annoyance [ə'nɔiəns]n．烦恼，烦扰anonymous [ə'nɔniməs]a．匿名的anorexia [,ænə'reksiə]n．食欲缺失；厌食anoxia [æ'nɔksiə]n．缺氧(症)antacid [,ænt'æsid]n．解酸药，抗酸剂1antenna[æn'tenə] n．触角；天线antibiotics[,æntibai'ɔtiks] n．抗生素(抗菌素) anticipate[æn'tisipeit] v．预料，预期；抢…之先；提前使用antifebrile[,ænti'fi:brail] a．退热的n．退热药antique[æn'ti:k] a．古时的，古式的; n.古物,古玩antiseptic [,ænti'septik]a．防腐的，抗菌的n.防腐剂；抗菌剂antitoxin[,ænti'tɔksin,-si:n, -sin] n．抗毒素antiviral[,ænti'vaiərəl, ,ænti'vairəl] a．抗病毒的antivirus[,ænti'vaiərəs] n．抗病毒素，反病毒程序anxiety [æŋ'zaiəti]n．挂念，焦虑；渴望appalling[ə'pɔ:liŋ] a．令人震惊的，骇人听闻的apparatus[,æpə'reitəs] n．器械，仪器，装置，器官apparent[ə'pærənt] a．明显的；表面的；貌似的appendicitis [ə,pendi'saitis]n．阑尾炎appendix[ə'pendiks] n．附录；阑尾appetite ['æpitait]n．食欲，胃口,要求,欲望applaud [ə'plɔ:d]v．喝彩，鼓掌，称赞applause[ə'plɔ:z] n．欢呼，喝彩，称赞,赞成appliance[ə'plaiəns] n．器具；用具；器械appoint [ə'pɔint]v．任命，委派；约定appointment[ə'pɔintmənt] n．约会，约见；任命，选派appraisal[ə'preizəl] n．估价，评价appraise [ə'preiz]v．估价，评价，鉴定appraiser [ə'preizə]n．评价人，鉴定人appreciable[ə'pri:ʃiəbl] a．可以估计的，可以看到的appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]v．感激，感谢；评价，欣赏,赏识appreciation [ə,pri:ʃi'eiʃən]n．欣赏，鉴赏正确评价;感谢，感激appreciative[ə'pri:ʃiətiv] a．有眼力..的，有欣赏力的; 感激的apprehend [,æpri'hend]v．理解，领悟；逮捕，拘押；畏惧，忧虑approach [ə'prəutʃ]v．接近，走近n．途径,方法，探讨appropriate[ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət] a．适当的，恰如其分的vt.占用，拨出approval [ə'pru:vəl]n. 赞同,批准approve [ə'pru:v]v. 赞成,同意,批准,审定,通过approximate [ə'prɔksimit]a. 近似的,大约的,v.近似,接近apron['eiprən] n．围裙v．用围裙围住apt [æpt]a．恰当的，贴切的；聪明灵巧的；易于…的，有…倾向的arbitrary['ɑ:bitrəri] a．任意的，专横的，武断的arch[ɑ:tʃ] n．拱，拱门，弓形结构，半圆形v．使成弓形，拱起archaeology[,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒi] n．考古学architect ['ɑ:kitekt]n．建筑师architectural [,ɑ:ki'tektʃərəl]a.关于建筑的，建筑上的architecture['ɑ:kitektʃə] n．建筑，建筑学ardent['ɑ:dənt] a．热情的，热烈的；强烈的，烈性的arduous ['ɑ:djuəs]a. 艰巨的；勤奋的arena [ə'ri:nə]n. 竞技场地argue['ɑɡju:] v. 辩论，争论；主张，论证argumentation [,ɑ:ɡjumen'teiʃən]n. 推论, 论证; 争论, 辩论, 辩论文armament['ɑ:məmənt] n. 军队, 武装力量; 军械; 武器, 备战aroma[ə'rəumə] n. 芳香; (艺术品的) 风味; 韵味arrangement [ə'reindʒmənt]n．整理，排列，布置，安排，准备；商定，调解array [ə'rei]v．使排列成阵势；装扮n．列阵；衣服，盛装arrest [ə'rest]n．逮捕，拘留；vt.逮捕，阻止，吸引arrhythmia[ə'riðmiə] n．心律不齐；心律失常arrogance['ærəɡəns,-si] n．骄傲自大，傲慢arrogant ['ærəɡənt]a．骄傲自大的，傲慢的artery['ɑ:təri] n．动脉，干线arthritis [ɑ:'θraitis]n．关节炎articular[ɑ:'tikjulə] a．关节的articulate [ɑ:'tikjulət, ɑ:'tikjuleit]v．接合；清晰地发出音来；a．接合起来的；关节联接的ascertain[,æsə'tein] v. 查明, 弄清, 确定aseptic [æ'septik]a.无菌的; 防腐的; 冷漠的ashamed [ə'ʃeimd]a.惭愧的, 害臊的asphyxia[æs'fiksiə] n．窒息aspirate['æspəreit, 'æspərət] v．吸出；抽出n.送音器，抽出物assassinate [ə'sæsineit]v．暗杀，行刺assault [ə'sɔ:lt]v．／n．袭击，攻击assemble[ə'sembl] v．集合，集会；装配，组装assembly[ə'sembli] n.集会，会议；装配assert[ə'sə:t] v.断言，宣称assertion [ə'sə:ʃən]n.主张，断言，维护assess[ə'ses] v.估价，评价assessment [ə'sesmənt]n.估价，评价asset ['æset]n.财产；宝贵的人(或物)assiduity[,æsi'dju:əti] n.刻苦，勤奋assign [ə'sain]v.分配，委派，指定assignment[ə'sainmənt] n.分配，委派，任务，(课外)作业assimilate[ə'simileit] v.吸收；同化assistance[ə'sistəns] n．帮助，援助assistant[ə'sistənt] n．助手，助教associate [ə'səuʃieit, ə'səuʃiət, -eit]v．联想，联系，联合，交往，n．合作人，伙伴，同事，adj.同伙的，副的association [ə,səusi'eiʃən, ə,səuʃi'ei-]n．协会，团体；联合，联系，交往，交际；联想assort[ə'sɔ:t] v．把…分类；为…配备各种物品asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]n．气喘，哮喘astonish [ə'stɔniʃ]v．使惊讶，使吃惊astound [ə'staund]v．使震惊，使大吃一惊2astronaut['æstrənɔ:t] n.宇航员astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi]n.天文学asymmetric(al) [,æsi'metrik,-kəl]a．不对称的；偏位的atrium ['ɑ:triəm]n．心房atrophy['ætrəfi] n．萎缩，虚脱atropine['ætrəpin, -pi:n,-pin] n．阿托品attach[ə'tætʃ] v．贴上，系上，附上; 使依附，使属，使依恋attachment [ə'tætʃmənt]n．连接物，附属品附件；依恋attempt[ə'tempt] v．／n．试图，努力attendant [ə'tendənt]n．服务员a.在场的；护理的；伴随的attenuate[ə'tenjueit, ə'tenjuit, -eit] v．变细(小)；减弱减毒; 稀释attic['ætik] n．顶楼，屋顶室attorney [ə'tə:ni]n．辩护律师attract [ə'trækt]v．吸引，招引，引诱attraction[ə'trækʃən] n．吸引(力)，吸引人的事物attractive[ə'træktiv] a．有吸引力的，有魅力的，动人的atypical [, ei'tipikəl,-ik]a．非典型的;不规则的;不正常的auction['ɔ:kʃən] v. /n. 拍卖audible ['ɔ:dəbl]a.听得见的audience n.['ɔ:diəns]听众，观众；谒见，会见audiometer [,ɔ:di'ɔmitə]n.听度计，听力计auditorium [,ɔ:di'tɔ:riəm]n.礼堂；听众席augment[ɔ:ɡ'ment, 'ɔ:gmənt] v.扩大；增长aural ['ɔ:rəl]a.听觉器官的;耳的auscultate ['ɔ:skəlteit]v.听诊auspice ['ɔ:spis]n.预兆，先(前)兆;吉兆Austria ['ɔstriə]n．奥地利authentic[ɔ:'θentik] a．可靠的，权威性的,有根据的，真正的authoritarian[ɔ:,θɔri'tεəriən] a．独裁主义的n．独裁主义者authoritative[ɔ:'θɔritətiv] a．有权威的，可相信的authority[ɔ:'θɔrəti] n．权力，威信，权威，权威者，(p1．)当局，官方authorize['ɔ:θəraiz] v．授权，委任；批准，认可autoclave ['ɔ:təkleiv]n．高压消毒锅autonomy[ɔ:'tɔnəmi] n.自治，自治权autopsy ['ɔ:təpsi]n.尸体解剖；尸检auxiliary [ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri]a.辅助的,从属的n.辅助者,补助者,助动词avail[ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri] v.有利,有益,有助availability [ə,veilə'biləti]n.可用性,有效性,可得性,可得到的人(或物)available[ə'veiləbl] a.可用的,可得到的,可达到的；有效的avenge[ə'vendʒ] v．替…报仇avenue['ævənju:] n．林荫路，大街；途径，手段avert [ə'və:t]v.转移，防止aviation [,eivi'eiʃən]n.航空；航空学；飞行术awkward ['ɔ:kwəd]a．粗笨的，笨拙的，不灵活的；棘手的，为难的，尴尬的axilla [æk'silə]n.腋(窝)bachelor['bætʃələ] n．单身汉；学土bacillus[bə'siləs] n．(芽胞)杆菌bacon ['beikən]n.咸肉，熏肉bacterial [bæk'tiriəl]a.细菌的bactericidal [bæk,tiəri'saidəl]a.杀菌的bacteriology[bæk,tiəri'ɔlədʒi] n.细菌学bacterium[bæk'tiəriəm] n．细菌badge['bædʒ] n．徽章baffle ['bæfl]v．使挫折，阻碍，使困惑n．迷惑；缓冲板；遮护物bait [beit]n．诱饵v．引诱bakery ['beikəri]n．面包房，面包店balcony ['bælkəni]n. 阳台balm [bɑ:m]n．香油，香脂；止痛药膏bankrupt['bæŋkrʌpt] n．破产者，丧失了名誉的人a．破产的v.使破产bankruptcy['bæŋkrəptsi] n．破产banner['bænə] n．旗(帜)banquet ['bæŋkwit]n．宴会v．宴请bar [bɑ:]n．棍，横木；障碍；酒吧v.栓上，阻挡，拦住，妨碍barbarian[bɑ:'bεəriən] a．野蛮人的，不文明的barber n．理发师barbiturate [,bɑ:'bitjurət]n．巴比妥盐bargain['bɑ:ɡin] v．讨价还价n．廉价货；交易，合同barley ['bɑ:li]n．大麦barn [bɑ:n]n．谷仓，仓库barrel['bærəl] n．桶；枪管，炮管barren ['bærən]a．贫瘠的，不毛的，不育的barrier ['bæriə]n．障碍，屏障batch[bætʃ] n．一批，一炉baton['bætən] n．棍棒；指挥棒；警棍battalion[bə'tæljən] n．营；部队；大队(的人)battery ['bætəri]n．电池(组)；一套，一组bay[bei] n.海湾；a．赤褐色的BCG 卡介苗beak[bi:k] n．(鸟的)嘴；(器皿的)鸟嘴形口beam[bi:m] n．横梁；一束，一道v.(喻) 微笑；发射；发光bean[bi:n] n．豆，菜豆beancurd ['bi:nkə:d]n．豆腐beard [biəd]n．胡子behalf[bi'hɑ:f] n．利益；方面；支持behavior [bi'heivjə]n．行为，举止belly['beli] n．肚，腹部bellyache['belieik] n．腹痛belly-button n．脐belt[belt] n.带，腰带3benign [bi'nain]a．慈祥的，温和的；良性的beriberi [,beri'beri]n．脚气病berth[bə:θ] n．(车，船)卧铺；座位beset [bi'set]v．镶嵌；困扰；围绕bestow [bi'stəu]v．赠予，给予；花费；安置bet [bet]v．赌，打赌n．打赌，赌注betray [bi'trei]v．背叛，出卖；泄露，暴露beverage ['bevəridʒ]n．饮料bewilder [bi'wildə]v．使迷惑，难住bewilderment [,bi'wildəmənt]n．迷惑，混乱bias ['baiəs]n．偏见，偏心；倾向性；爱好Bible['baibl] n．圣经bibliography[,bibli'ɔɡrəfi] n．目录学；文献目录bicarbonate[bai'kɑ:bənit] n．碳酸氢盐bid[bid] v．命令，吩咐v／n．报价，投标bilateral[,bai'lætərəl] a.两边的，双侧的bile [bail] n.胆汁biliary ['biljəri]a.胆汁的bind [baind]v．绑，包扎，束缚binocular[bai'nɔkjulə, bi'n-] a．双眼的；双筒的n．双目镜bioactive[,baiəu'æktiv] a．生物活性的biochemistry [,baiəu'kemistri]n．生物化学biographer[bai'ɔɡrəfə] n．传记作者biopsy ['bai,ɔpsi]n．活组织检查,切片检查法biostatistics[,baiəustə'tistiks] n．生物统计学biotic[bai'ɔtik,-kəl] a．生命的；生物的biscuit ['biskit]n．饼干bit[bit] n．一片，一点，一些bite [bait]v．／n．咬，叮n．一口bitter ['bitə]a．苦的，痛苦的bizarre[bi'zɑ:] a．稀奇古怪的，异乎寻常的blackmail['blækmeil] n．／v. 敲诈；勒索bladder ['blædə] n．囊，膀胱blade[bleid] n．叶片，刀片，刀锋；剑blanch [blɑ:ntʃ, blæntʃ]v．漂白；使变白；使(植物)不见日光而变白；a.漂白的；银白色的blast['baiəu,blæst] v. 炸掉,摧毁n. 爆炸,一阵(风);管乐器或汽笛声blaze [bleiz]n. 火焰,火光v. 燃烧bleach [bli:tʃ]v. 漂白n. 漂白剂blend [blend]n．混合物v．混合blister ['blistə]n．水疱v．起疱bloat[bləut] v．肿胀；n．肿胀病人blonde [blɔnd]n．金发碧眼的人a．金发碧眼的blot[blɔt] n．污渍，污点blouse [blauz]n．女装衬衫；vi.宽松下垂blunder['blʌndə] n．大错v．犯大错；慌乱地走blunt[blʌnt] a．(迟)钝的v．使(迟)钝；减弱blur [blə:]v．弄脏；(使)模糊不清blush [blʌʃ]v. 脸红；羞愧boast [bəust] v．夸口，夸耀n．自夸，大话bold[bəuld] a．大胆的，冒失的bolt [bəult]n．螺栓，插销v．闩门；脱口说出bombard[bɔm'bɑ:d, 'bɔmbɑ:d] n.射石炮v．炮击；轰炸；攻击, 痛斥bond [bɔnd]n．结合；契约；债券bondage ['bɔndidʒ]n．奴役，束缚bonus['bəunəs] n．额外津贴，奖金boom[bu:m] n. 繁荣,激增,迅速发展boost[bu:st] v. 升;提高booster['bu:stə] n. 支持者;升压器,激发剂booth[bu:ð, bu:θ] n．电话亭，货摊border['bɔ:də] n．边界，边境v. 交界；近似；接近boredom['bɔ:dəm] n．厌烦，乏味，无趣bosom['buzəm] n．胸；内心；胸怀botanical[bə'tænikəl] a．植物学的，植物的botany['bɔtəni] n．植物学bounce [bauns] v．弹起，跳起；反跳bound [baund]v．／n．跳，跳跃a．必定的boundary['baundəri] n．界线，边界bouquet [bu'kei]n．花束bout [baut]n．回合；较量；发作bow[bəu] v．／n．鞠躬，点头n.弓;船头bowel['bauəl] n．肠；内部boycott['bɔikɔt] v．／n．抵制bracelet ['breislit]n．手镯bracket['brækit]n．支架，托架; 括号v.把…括号内brake [breik]v．／n．闸，刹车bran[bræn] n．麸；糠brass[brɑ:s, bræs] n.黄铜，铜器breach[bri:tʃ] n.破坏；破裂breakdown['breikdaun] n．故障；衰竭；崩溃breathtaking ['breθ,teikiŋ]a．惊人的，激动人心的breed[bri:d] v．生殖；繁殖；饲养；引起brew [bru:]v．酿造；调制；煎(药)bribe [braib]n．/v. 贿赂bride[braid] n．新娘brilliant['briljənt] a.光辉的；卓越的brim [brim]n. 边，缘brink[briŋk] n. 边；边沿brisk [brisk] a. 活泼的；敏捷的bronchitis[brɔŋ'kaitis] n．支气管炎bronchus ['brɔŋkəs]n．支气管bronze [brɔnz]n．青铜；古铜a.青铜色的broom[bru:m] n．扫帚，金雀花;vt.扫除broth [brɔθ]n．肉汤、液体培养基bruise [bru:z]n．伤痕，青肿v．碰伤, 使成青肿brutal['bru:təl] a．残忍的，不讲理的；令人难受的buccal['bʌkəl] a．颊的；口腔的bucket['bʌkit] n．吊桶，水桶bud[bʌd] n．芽，花苞v．发芽,含苞欲放buffer['bʌfə] n．缓冲；缓冲剂；缓冲器v.缓冲bug[bʌɡ] n．虫，臭虫v．窃听bulge[bʌldʒ] n．v．肿胀；膨出；隆起(物)bumble['bʌmbl] v．犯大错；结巴地讲话；踉跄n.错误4buoy [bɔi, 'bu:i]n．浮标，救生圈bureau['bjuərəu] n．署，局burglar ['bə:ɡlə]n．窃贼burial['beriəl] n．埋葬，葬；埋藏bushel['buʃəl] n．蒲式耳butcher['butʃə] n．屠夫，卖肉者buttock ['bʌtək]n．屁股；臀部button ['bʌtən]n．扣子，按钮v．扣紧cabbage['kæbidʒ] n．洋白菜，卷心菜cable ['keibl]n．缆，索；电缆；电报，v. 拍电报cadre['kɑ:də] n．干部；基础结构；骨干cafeteria[,kæfi'tiəriə] n．自助餐厅cage[keidʒ] n．笼，鸟笼calamity[kə'læməti] n．灾害,祸患,不幸事件calcity v．钙化calcium['kælsiəm] n．钙calf [kɑ:f, kæf]n．小牛；腓;小腿callous ['kæləs]a．起老茧的;无感觉的;冷淡的callus['kæləs] n．老茧，愈合组织；v.起茧calorie ['kæləri]n．卡(热量单位)camphor['kæmfə] n．樟脑cancellation ['kænsə'leiʃən]n．取消，删除cancellous['kænsələs] a．网眼状的；多孔的candid['kændid] a．公正的, 正直的；坦率的candidate ['kændideit, -dət]n．候选人, 报考者cane [kein]n．茎；甘蔗；手杖vt.以杖击canine['keinain] n．犬齿canker['kæŋkə] n．溃疡；口疮cannula['kænjulə] n．套管，插管canteen [kæn'ti:n] n．食堂；小卖部canvas ['kænvəs]n．粗帆布，油画布capacitor[kə'pæsitə] n．电容器cape[keip] n．海角，岬；披肩capillary [kə'piləri, 'kæpi-]n．毛细血管capitalism['kæpitəlizəm] n．资本主义capitalist['kæpitəlist] n．资本家a．资本主义的capsule['kæpsju:l] n．胶囊；封壳；密闭小舱caption ['kæpʃən]n．(章节，文章等)标题；(图片的)解说词；(电影片)字幕capture ['kæptʃə] v．捕获，攻占n.俘虏，战利品carbohydrate [,kɑ:bəu'haidreit]n．碳水化合物；糖类carbonate['kɑ:bəneit] n．碳酸盐carcinogen [kɑ:'sinədʒən]n．致癌物carcinogenesis [,kɑ:sinəu'dʒenisis]n．致癌作用；癌发生cardiac ['kɑ:diæk]a．心脏的cardinal['kɑ:dinəl] a．主要的，基本的；深红的n.红衣主教cardiogram['kɑ:diəɡræm] n．心电图cardiology[,kɑ:di'ɔlədʒi] n．心脏病学cardiovascular [,kɑ:diəu'væskjulə]a．心血管的caries ['kεərii:z, -ri:z]n．龋；骨疡；骨疽carrot ['kærət]n．胡萝卜cart [kɑ:t]n．大车，手推车cartilage ['kɑ:tilidʒ]n．软骨cartoon [kɑ:'tu:n]n．草图；动画片cartridge['kɑ:tridʒ] n．弹药筒；子弹；软片，胶卷castor['kɑ:stə] n．蓖麻casual['kæʒjuəl] a．偶然的, 碰巧的；临时的,非正式的n。

博士生考试基础词汇汇总Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delaydesert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give upabide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stayY ou have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in withabsorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy withAbundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and gameaccess In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library.Way/approach/solution/answer/Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at handHis words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit)I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion toaccount He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independentlyY ou have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mindGive us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate)acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secureactive He is very active in politics.Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiasticadapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust/a ccommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fitaccustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with) admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt)adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ampleadvantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money.Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returnsAim His aim is to win the game.Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destinationAmass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years.Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store upMass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pac k/gang Figure/digit/measureambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intent uponamount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.Add up to/approximate/total/sum upThe future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.sum/measure/quantity/price/valueangle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect/view/point of view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/ id ea/thought/conception/judgment theory/outlookannounce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make knownanticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope foranything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at allThe apparent things might not tell of the truth.apparent obvious seeming evident clear plainapart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in additionHe was appointed member of the committee.Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote forappeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/begapply Please apply to the secretary for further information.The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.approve Many people don't approve of the plan. disapprovelike/prefer/endorse/accept/think well ofarise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.Rise raise rouse arouse ariseOriginate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn upartificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation.ashamed /shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/humiliating Ashamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him.acquaint I'm sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted with.associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with / relateI assume that success is a sum of mistakes.Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for grantedassure I can assure you of my support.confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promiseY ou’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language.Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize completeattribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribeavoid Y ou should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour.A void shun escape evade keep away fromThe government has banned the used of chemical weapons.Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstructbargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain salebasis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year.China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence.ground foundationScientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.As soon as before the second the minute the momentY ou can’t blame all this on me.He is the last one to blame for the accident.Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemnboard He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /mealsboard/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ teamboast Y ou should not boast of your success. Brag show offboom Production boomed.Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/prosperbrief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". shortWe are bound for London. Head makeThe weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going toThere are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restrictioncall This situation_____________ for prompt action. (calls in calls at calls on calls for) They have called off their engagement.She was calm when I told her of the terrible news.Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peacefulWe should not doubt his capability.Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiencyBefore you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends.Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupationThere is no reason why we should not carry on with it.Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in processcase In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on conditioncenter She centered her attention on the problem.Focus concentrate fixcharge The charge against him was severe.Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilt/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgmentSince the situation is changing, let’s take some _____ measures to deal with it.flexible changeable changingIf I had the choice, I would retire at thirty.Selection/preference/option/alternativeNo one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it.cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive.Stick adhere hold graspclose The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem.Listen closely and look closely, you’ll find it out.A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof keycombine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water.blend mix mingle fuse unite couple joincomment I'm afraid I can't comment on your work just yet. Remarkcriticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remarkcommit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicateCompare this with that, and you will see which is the better. ContrastPoets have compared sleep to death.She is lovely beyond compare.comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison.I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.Comparable/comparativecompel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push promptHe has formed a good habit.Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/build Assemble/manufacture/produceNext year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Requiredcompose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprisecomprehensive /ComprehensibleShe has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. A wareConsiderate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmas card. Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympatheticConsiderable/much/important/great/significant/powerfulcontend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.Argue/struggle/fight/quarrelOur journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villages.continuously vs continuallyconvey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. expresscope Poor Mary! She has so much to cope with.deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up withcorrespondThis word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one.count Her opinion counts because of her experience.Matter be of importance significantDon’t count on a salary increase this year.believe depended count confide rely depend bankcritical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions.Crucial urgent pressing decisiveIronic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcasticcure This medicine should cure you of your cold.Remind relieve inform deprive rob breakIt is not my custom to give in.Custom habit use practice manner way pattern tendency fashion routine nature The damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agony distress grieve hurt impair abuse plague epidemic debris/trash/junk/rubbishdecline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries.Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reducedeep They dived deep into the ocean.She was deeply interested in classical music.degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extentdeem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying.Think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/reflect/think over A good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm.Demand/require/call fordeny They denied her the opportunity to see her father.refuse decline rejects turn downdie She died of an illness; and he died a beggar.The storms are dying down.The noise of the car died away in the distance.The members of the family had all died off.This species has died out.Can you describe what he looks like?Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tellThey were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties.Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/seriousShe was in his eyes a devoted mother.Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealousThe sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea.Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / give away/ throw away/cast off/get rid ofdisplay We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display.Her writings display natural talents.Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose presentdistinct Mice are distinct form rats.Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilarLon g sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style.Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive directThe light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another.distinguish tell separate divideHe is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field.Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/recognized/prominent/important/superiorIn the dark I could only discern the outline of the building.Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/spy/beholddiverse There are people from diverse cultures at the party. different various comprehensiveHe refused to disclose his name and address.Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betrayThey drew up the contract and presented it to the management.The train drew in/into the station. pulldraw pull drag push heave lift hauldraw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoingShe drove her car into the forest.Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/rideDon’t discourage her; she is doing her best. Vs encourageDiscourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stopThe shoes are expensive but durable.Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strongIt is your duty to go.Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/office/roleBusiness/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/employment/effortHe is living an easy life now. comfortableIt is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. economic/economical/economyHe went to a very good elementary school.Elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/initial/primitive Since 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect.The acid has no effect on the metal.The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March.A sentence of ten years' imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a life sentence.He is not likely to give effect to his threat.effect force power practiceShe encouraged him to take this examination.Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspireend Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.I've warned you no end of times not to touch that machine.I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.He had approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he was at his wit's end.We ended the diner up with fruit and coffee.When the reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall.The argument between the two men ended in a fight.The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.He's entitled to a pension, but he won't dream of retiring yet.entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empowerThe soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.equip provideThey have the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. inclusiveMy wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.exert practice exercise impose availHe is one of the greatest contemporary writers.Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recentHe must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. live face comeDevotion is essential for work.Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispensableCompulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgentNothing is everlasting.Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/for goodThe bird extended its wings in flight.Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnifyHer nose is a very attractive feature.Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/markAre you in favor of women taking part in politics?In the favorThe international situation is favorable to us. AdvantageousPanic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. Tension Excitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil riotAfter Tom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driving license.The children hid in the house and ate their fill.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shuddersThere are fine distinctions between the two.fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificantMichael found it difficult to get his British jokes across to American audience.Understand comprehend catch on getHe gave a gift for my birthday.Give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver/deal out/hand out/turn inHe had a good house, a good wife and a good job.Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decentThey grouped together in fours.Arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/catorgerize/estimateWhen he was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what was happening around him. Hang loaf loiterhit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come acrossHer new film is quite a hit. successThe rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affecthold She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.I think he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits.She always holds to her convictions.The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction.Road works on the highway are holding up traffic.There was something wrong with the traffic signal. Our bus was ______ for nearly half an hour.A. held onB. held backC. held outD. held upidentical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. the same asIf only I were rich!Only if I am rich, I can do what I want.Immoral vs amoralHe deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors.It was he that initiated this project.Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the iceIncentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize. (excitement initiative motive entertainment)We are in for trouble.He know the ins and outs of the problem.Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.A good teacher should be impartial to his students.Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconcerned indifferentThis car is inferior to the one I bought last year.inferior superior senior junior similar priorThe author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature.intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuitionNo doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets.intangible invisibleinterfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people's affairs, you will regret it.He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed. testified witnessed justified identified notify specifykeep I can't understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself.Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time.I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer science.If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to keep ______it. (to / up on)Keep/have/hold/maintain/preserve/conserve/save/tend/protect/guard/sustain/uphold/bear/posessThey did not only lack water, they also lacked in courage.Want/be in need/ fall shortlarge The dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.By and large, the company has been good to me.This is law and you can’t change as you wish.Rule/principle/stamdard/formula/act/decree/regulation/legislation/lawmaking/resolution/statuteShe saw a notice “ apartment to let”.Let/rent/lease/charter/contract/agreementShe is the one that laid out the town.He was laid off for his ill performance.liable likely probable liable responsible accountable answerablePeople who walk on the grass are liable to a fine of 5 dollars.She liked the black dress and bought it although it was very expensive.Like/prefer/fancy/take to/enjoy/care for/be fond ofThe football match was televised live from the workers’ stadium.alive live life lively living lovelyI am not sure of the exact location of the café.Location/position/place/area/zone/territory/district/section/neighborhood/spot/site/situation Recent research has shed/cast/thrown new light on the causes of the disease.The mansion was splendid.Splendid/magnificent/grand/majestic/superb/exquisite/marvelous/wonderful/glorious/imposing/impressive/brilliant/phenomenal/exceptional/remarkable/miraculousI can’t make out what she wants.The ship made for the open sea.What are we to make of his behavior?Nothing can make up for the loss of a life.He has made it up with her.A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda.Mentioned quoted referred tomood I am not in the ______ for joking. sentiment emotion mood feelingsentimentality sensation sense sensitivitynerve My children are always getting on my nerves.Can you really afford this amount?Amount/sum/quantity/number/portionA (large) number of problems have arisen.The number of books stolen from the library is large.The marks were below average.A verage/middle/medium/normal/ordinary/moderate/halfway/regular/usualThe method is ok; the problem is the procedure.Method/way/approach/manner/means/fashion/style/procedure/process/course/plan/scheme/design/The mutual benefit. Mutual/reciprocal/common/jointobserve Y ou’ve got to ______ the laws of the land.Abide by/follow/obey/comply withoccur Has it ever occurred to you that those twins are quite different from each other in many ways?We can afford to overlook these minor offenses.Overlook/neglect/forget/miss/ignore/skip/disregard/pass overown Do you mean you have left her to do that on her own?He’d like a car of his own.Nobody owned up to the theft.This is a painstaking effort. CarefulThey walked the path every morning.Path/route/line/road/track/trail/way/journey/excursion/voyage/trippeculiar That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this small part of the country.distinctive / typical/ characteristic/ representative/ special/ particular / unique / notable/ particularThe government gets a(n) ____ from taxes.income revenue fund payment wages finance budget expenditurepersist It should be obvious to you that if you persist in bothering him, he will get angry with you.I shall be very _____ if you could do me a favor.pleasing pleasant grateful thankful pleased gracious generouspoint She was just on the point of going away when Betty came in.As I was in a hurry I asked him to come to the point at once.There's no point in arguing further.He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the point.It is very rude to point at people in the street.If/when it came to the point, would you sacrifice your job for your principles?popular populous populatedA game that is very popular among/with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race.The child showed great _______of mind by grabbing the falling baby.courage calmness presence bravery boldness willpreside The chairman presided at/over the meeting last Friday.Virtue will prevail over evil.prevail triumph winIn private/ in secret / in personMatters like this are best discussed in private.They are privileged people in the society.Privilege/ right/ liberty/ freedom/advantage/license/ honorShe gave him a prompt reply.quick rapid fast prompt punctual instant immediate readyThe _______ of finding jobs this year are not so good. (expectation promises future prospects)provided on condition save unless given suppose sayI will agree to go provided/providing that my expenses are paid.put She’s put a tidy sum for her retirement.They decided to put aside their differences.She help her put the toys away.She is putting radical proposals for the economic reform.We had to put off our wedding until September.We can put you up for the night.I don’t know how she can put up with him/his cruelty to her.Racial problems exist in everyday life.Race/breed/people/fold/tribe/nation/culturerange scope extent His speech ranged over a number of topics.Range/limit/distance/length/scope/extent/reach/field/spherereach All these were within the reach of the ordinary men.Put that bottle of weed-killer out of the reach of the children.He reached for his gun.Her requirements are reasonable.Reasonable/sensible/fair/logical/just/sound/rational/practical/realistic/justifiableMy favorite recreation is chess.Recreation/amusement/entertainment/play/pleasure/enjoyment/relaxation/pastime/funThey had to seed refuge from the storm.Refuge/shelter/asylum/protectionI have registered for the English course.Register/record/enroll/list/enter/sign/fill out a formreceive acceptI hear that John has _____ a new position at the travel agency.red black A large number of American radio stations operate in the red.regard Motion means change of position of an object in/with regard to the position of some other object or objects.I have little information as regards his past.She said nothing regarding your request.Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.They helped solve the problems in high ______ to the living conditions of the people. (attention regard intention stress)relevant His age isn't relevant to whether he is a good teacher.Reluctant Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. Unwillingremedy The doctor soon found a remedy for the boy's illness.Cure/heal/treat/mend/correctrespect With respect to your requests, we regret that we are unable to assist you in this matter. Respect/adore/appreciate/honor/admire/look up to/fall for/be crazy aboutIn this respect the film is a failure.respectful respective respectable respectedTeams of rescue have been sent out ____ to look for the missing members of the crew.His limp is the result of an accident.Result/consequence/end/effect/outcome/fruit/produce/conclusionrisk He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.He was ready to run(take) the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.The future of the whole company is at risk.Risk/chance/gamble/endanger/exposeThey rose up against foreign invaders.Rebel revolt riotI’ve b een on the run all day, and I am exhausted.I ran across/into my old friend in Paris last week.We are running out of time.He ruled over his kingdom successfully for twenty years.Rule/govern/control/dominate/head/lead/manage/direct/supervise/administer/order/instruct Guide/influence/handle/regulatescale Synthetic rubbers are now being produced on a large scale.scratch He threw away everything he had written and started the novel again from scratch.I’ll have to see about getting the roof mended.We all went to the airport to see her off.Her colleagues see her as the future prime minister.Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting?I must set about packing now.Her clear and elegant prose sets apart from most other journalists.Let’s set aside my personal feelings.She set out/forth at dawn.He is set on going to university.settle Y ou should settle your affairs before you leave.When are you going to marry and settle down.Settle/decide/resolve/reconcile/mendshort All along he has been striving not to fall short of his parents' expectations.Things couldn’t be worse financially: in short, we are bankrupt.Becoming a doctor requires years of training ----- there are really no short cuts.He never allowed his children to go short of anything necessary for their education.His real name was Thomas, but he was called Tom for short.。

考博词汇重点记忆对于许多想要攻读博士学位的人来说，词汇的积累和记忆是一项至关重要的任务。

考博英语词汇不仅数量众多，而且难度较大，涵盖了广泛的学科领域和专业术语。

因此，掌握有效的词汇记忆方法，抓住重点词汇进行有针对性的学习，对于提高考博英语成绩具有重要意义。

首先，我们要明确考博词汇的特点。

考博词汇相较于其他英语考试的词汇，更加注重学术性和专业性。

它常常涉及到高深的理论、前沿的研究成果以及特定学科的专业术语。

这就要求我们在记忆词汇时，不能仅仅满足于知道其常见的词义，还需要深入了解其在学术语境中的特定含义和用法。

那么，哪些词汇可以被视为考博词汇的重点呢？一类重点词汇是高频出现的学术词汇。

这些词汇在各类学术文献、研究报告和学术交流中频繁使用。

比如“hypothesis”（假设）、“phenomenon”（现象）、“analysis”（分析）等等。

通过对历年考博英语真题的分析，我们可以发现这些词汇的出现频率极高。

另一类重点词汇是与所报考专业相关的专业术语。

不同的专业有其独特的词汇体系，如果能够熟练掌握这些专业术语，不仅在考博英语考试中能够应对自如，对于未来的学术研究也将打下坚实的基础。

比如，报考医学专业的考生，需要重点记忆“cardiovascular”（心血管的）、“pathology”（病理学）等词汇；报考经济学专业的考生，则要着重掌握“macroeconomics”（宏观经济学）、“inflation”（通货膨胀）等术语。

在记忆重点词汇时，我们可以采用多种方法。

一种有效的方法是利用词根词缀记忆法。

很多英语单词都是由词根和词缀组成的，通过了解常见的词根和词缀的含义，我们可以推测出许多生词的意思。

比如，“bio”表示“生命”，“logy”表示“学科”，那么“biology”就是“生物学”的意思。

再比如，“un”表示“否定”，“happy”是“快乐的”，那么“unhappy”就是“不快乐的”。

联想记忆法也是一个不错的选择。