2016年华中农业大学614微生物学考研真题

1999年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题
2002年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题（A）（含部分答案）
2002年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题（A）答案
注：此部分仅含部分答案
2002年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题（B）（含部分答案）
2002年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题（B）注：此部分仅含部分答案
2003年华中农业大学生物化学（A）考研真题
2004年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题
2005年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题
2006年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题
2007年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题
2011年华中农业大学生物化学考研真题。

2022年华中农业大学微生物学专业《微生物学》期末试卷B(有答案）一、填空题1、G－细菌细胞外膜的构成成分为______、______、______和______。

2、当宿主细胞内的大量子代噬菌体成熟后，由于水解细胞膜的______ 和水解细胞壁的______等的作用，促进了细胞的裂解。

3、硝化细菌是属于______营养型微生物，它们的碳源是______。

其中亚硝酸细菌能够将______氧化为______，硝酸细菌则能够将______氧化为______，从而获得能量。

它们用于还原CO2的NADH2，是在消耗大量 ______的情况下，通过______的方式而产生，这也是它们生长缓慢和生长得率低的原因之一。

4、作为微生物营养要素之一的水，它的主要功能有______、______、 ______以及许多优良的物理性质，如______、______、______和______ 等。

5、酵母菌的无性孢子有______、______和______等数种。

6、我国古代劳动人民在微生物应用方面的主要贡献是发明用______独特工艺加工______原料以生产______。

7、获得微生物同步生长的方法主要有两类：① ______，如______等；② ______，如______等。

8、在自然界中存在许多极端环境，并进化出与这类环境相适应的各种极端微生物，如______、______、______、______、______、______和______等。

9、四种引起细菌基因重组的方式是______、______、______和______。

10、人体的白细胞种类很多，它们在免疫防御中具有重要作用，例如，具有吞噬功能的如______、______、______和______；无吞噬功能但在特异性免疫中作用极其重要的有两种，即______与______。

二、判断题11、质粒与染色体DNA一样，失去质粒，细菌细胞就会死亡。

华中农业大学本科课程考试试卷考试课程与试卷类型：畜牧微生物学A 姓名：学年学期：2004-2005-1 学号：考试时间：2004-01-18 班级：动物科技学院2002级1-4班______________________________________________________________________________ _____________一. 单项选择题（从下列各题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其代号写在答题纸的相应位置。

答案选错或未选者，该题不得分。

每小题1分, 共10分）1．创造了低温消毒法的是____。

标准答案：BA. 荷兰人吕文虎克B. 法国学者巴斯德C. 德国学者柯赫D. 德国学者贝哲林克2．酵母菌属____。

标准答案：BA. 单细胞原核微生物B. 单细胞真核微生物C. 多细胞原核微生物D. 多细胞真核微生物3．对乙醇这个药剂来说，其消毒效果最好的浓度是____。

标准答案：CA. 25%B. 55%C. 70%D. 95%4． ____含量越高，青贮饲料的品质越差。

标准答案：BA. 乳酸B. 丁酸C. 酒精D. 醋酸5．类毒素具有____。

标准答案：CA. 免疫原性和毒性B. 非免疫原性和毒性C. 免疫原性和非毒性D. 非抗原性和非毒性6．金黄色葡萄球菌的拉丁文命名正确的为____。

标准答案：CA. staphylococcus aureusB. Staphylococcus AureusC. Staphylococcus aureusD. staphylococcus Aureus7．担子菌是以产生____的方式进行繁殖。

标准答案：CA. 节孢子B. 分生孢子C. 担孢子D. 孢子囊孢子8．沙门氏菌的吲哚试验为阴性，说明该菌不能分解____。

标准答案：DA. 葡萄糖B. 胱氨酸C. 吲哚D. 色氨酸9．大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)在麦康凯琼脂培养基上生长时，产生____菌落，据此可与沙门氏菌(Salmonella)相区别。

华中农业大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题纸课程名称：906发酵工程第1页共4页注意:所有答案必须写在答题本上，不猬写在试题纸上，否则无效。

一、名词祭犀（共20分，每題4分）1. 临界氧浓度2. 亲和层析法3. 吸附載体固态培养法4. 补料分找发聲5. 代谢控制发酵枝术二、判断改错题（共15分，毎题3分）k埒戏酒靖发酵我圍主要采用的貳种是发酵运动单麗菌（Zymofnonnwbil叽2. «sb$中如果祥在旁系呼吸縫，在宪成H传迪时产生更多ATP,对MK抑制加強，从而减少柠檬酸的积累.3. 谷氢酸偉杆菌（Corynob&ctwium glutamicum｝进行Lys发酵时.Asp激酶^Lys 的反蟻抑制.受Thi •的斂活。

如果选育Hom缺陷型.则不合成Thr.则不利于I•"的合咸。

L初级代谢产物不是微生物生长、繁殖所必需的.一般是结构复杂的大分子化合微生物在冬呻简单帥营慕条件下都能合戒。

5.生物柔充足时，雜筍檐氯化能力加强.蛋白质合戍加快，细胞膜合成先全. 因此不利于谷轨酸合成积累•三、单项逸择题（共30分，毎題2分）k采用礙胶辻滤层析法•先从履胶枉中流出的组分長A•勿子量小的组分 B.分子量大的组分C•带电荷多的组分 D.带电荷少的组分2. 下列能正确描述Y刑概念的是A•消耗lmol的ATP所产生菌体的量B. 产生】R茵体所需ATP tfltC. 消耗lmol的ATP所产生代谢产物的量I）•产生】（？代谢产物所需ATP的彊3. 遣成曲种退化的极本原因畏二连续传代 B •保藏条件不合适C.基因突賈D.培养条件不合适4. 发酵过程流加补料的原则是•I控制徹生物的宇问代潮.便之向着有利于产物积累的方向进行丘壇加营养物战热度.有利于发酵营生长，控制杂茴生长华中农业大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题纸课程名称：906发酵工程第3贞共4页注意：所有答案必须写在答题本上，不得写在试题址上一否贝M无效」C.液体试管冷藏保存I).耕面甘油封存冷藏13. 下列不能通过传感器返接海定的参数畏A•温度 B. P H ^5 C・溶解氧浓度1)・櫃浓度14. 夫犹量发酵建由后期第董，而旦是同一类杀蘭，最有可能的原厉赴人种子带茵 B •空气过濾系统失效C.壇养基灭替不彻庇D•发酵览渗逓】5・发瞇培养基灭茵的樂落机率一般要求为Xs=lO \是指：丄灭體处理后的毎1000瑾中，只残诙一个活茴B. 灭菌处理后的每】000毫升中.只残留一个活雷C. 灭繭处理后的毎】000升中.只残留"个活苗D. 灭菱处理后的每1000立方米中.只殘窖一个活萌四、多项选择題(共15分，每题3分〉!、当气流当气流速度小于0.】来/秒时.空气过遮除茵的主要作用机理是丄•慌性潼壬粧勿作雯 B.拦“望作用C.布阴扩散旣留作用【)•重力沉藩作用2. 关于5•说法正确的是A. L . =K/2. 303B. L =2. 303/KC. 解校90%被補茯旣留・10%穿透，相应的介•质层早度用以表示D. L和反应了介质过涯性能的优劣.我们通常可用“值的大小来比较各种过滤介虞的性能，5小则表示过鴻性能好。

【最新】华中农业大学考研《微生物英语》题库整理Test 1: Development of Microbiology1 Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1.The fundamental unit of all living organisms is theMembrane cell nucleus cell wall/doc/c03756477.html,anisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to asfungi eukaryotic prokaryotic nankaryotic3.The three kingdom classification system of organisms was proposed byPasteur Bacon Winogradsky Woese4.Fungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi arecomposedof , while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan Chitin phospholipids protein glucosamine5.The first microscopes were developed byEhrlich Metchnikoff Leewenhoek Lister6.Control of microbial infections can be accomplished by chemical or immune mechanisms.The first report on the production of an antibiotic is credited to:Lister Fleming Ehrlich Koch7The term "antibiotic" meansa substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganismsa substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits moldsa substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganismsa substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells8 The first documented use of a vaccine for smallpox was reported by the English physicianLister .Florey Fleming Jenner9 Active immunity can be distinguished from passive immunity in that the former requires:development of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodiesdevelopment of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antigensFlemingdevelopment of antibodies in a foreign host and transfer to one' s own bodydevelopment of antigens in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodies10The process of nitrification by bacteria described by Winogradsky converts ammonia to nitrate ions nitrate ions to ammoniaN2 to ammonia ammonia to urea11The transfer of DNA from one organism to another through the use of a viral vector is referred to asElectroporation conjugation transformation transduction12The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule:RNA DNA protein lipid2 Fill in the Blank/doc/c03756477.html,anisms that contain a true nucleus are called_______2.Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered _______3.. Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the _______and the ______4._______ are organisms that can grow without using molecular oxygen.5. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2:are called_______.6. ______ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds fromlight.7. ______ require organic compounds for growth.8. Organisms that survive only at very high temperatures are referred to as______.9. ______ are organisms that produce methane from CO2.10. ______organisms grow under conditions of high salinity11. Eubacteria can exhibit a number of morphological shapes. Identify four: a.______b.______c.______d.______12. Fungi, algae and protozoa can be differentiated from bacteria by the followingcharacteristic:_______ .13. Fungi have cell wall consisting of _______.14. Viruses consist of ______surrounded by a protein coat.15. The scientific method utilizes deductive reasoning and observations or experiments toprove or disprove a _____.16. The theory _______of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.17. The process used to reduce the number of viable organisms by moderate heating iscalled:_______ .18. The process of tyndallization uses repeated heating to eliminate or_______microorganisms from solutions.19.An _______is a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills othermicroorganisms.20. The process of stimulating the immune defenses of the body is referred to as_______.21. White blood cells that engulf foreign particles are referred to as______.22. A substance in serum that can neutralize foreign material is referred to as ______or______.23. Cells infected with a virus produce a substance called ______ that inhibits viralreplication.24. Avery, Colin and MacLeod first demonstrated that transformation of nonpathogenic topathogenic strains of bacteria could be carried out by the transfer of ______.25. Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as______.26. ______ is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another.Test 2: Methods for Studying Microorganisms1 Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1.Light microscopy is dependent on the interaction of lightwith on object. The ability oflight to pass through an object is referred to as:transported light transmitted light reflected light refracted light2. The resolving power (R) of a microscope is dependent on the wavelength of light (;~) and the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens. The formula for R is:R = 0.5~. xNA R = 0.5;~/NA R = NA/0.5Jr R = Square root of 0.5)./NA3. The gram stain uses ~ as a mordant to fix the primary stainIodine alcohol acetone safranin4.The acid-fast stain is useful in the identification of which of the following organismsStaphylococcus aureus Mycoplasma mycoides Mycobacteria tuberculosis Moraxella osloensis5.Botulism is a serious disease that can develop from the improper cooking of foodcontaining bacterial spores. Which of the following genera are capable of producing spores?Salmonella Listeria Escherichia Clostridia6.Which of the following types of microscopes utilizes electron beams to visualize objects?Nomarski TEM PCM Confocal7. A mixture of organisms was isolated from a patient suspected of having "Strep Throat."Which type of media would you use to isolate the suspected pathogen?Defined enriched selective differential8.Sterilization of material with an autoclave utilizes steam to kill microorganisms. Thecorrect procedure for sterilization with an autoclave is:15 min at 121℃at 15 lb/in2 15 min at 256℃ at 15 lb/in2 15 min at 121℃at 1 lb/in215 m in at 121℃at 1 lb/in29. An antibiotic was added to a culture of bacteria to determine its effect. What method of enumeration would you use to determine the efficacy of the antibiotic?direct count viable count turbidimetric count absorbance9.Identification of microorganisms can be accomplished by a number of techniques.Which of the following requires the growth of the organism?enzyme linked assay gene probe metabolic fluorescent2 Fill in the Blank1. A media where all the ingredients are known is called a ______media.2.______technique is used to maintain a pure culture and avoid contamination.3.Sterilization instrument that utilizes steam under pressure: _______.4.A______ plate utilizes a loop or needle to distribute and isolate colonies on a cultureplate.5.______ identification utilizes antibodies for naming of bacterial species.6.Bacteria can be preserved for long periods of time by freeze-drying or______.7.The mrbidimetric method of counting bacteria utilizes a ______ to measure theamountof light passing through a solution.8.The viable plate count counts live bacterial colonies in therange or______ to______9. A counting chamber and a microscope are used in the______ count of bacteria.Test3: Organization and Structure of Microorganisms1Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1.Eukaryotic membranes can be differentiated from prokaryotic membranes becauseeukaryotic membranes contain____as part of the lipid component of the membrane.Phosphates fatty acids proteins sterols2.The arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the:bilayer model fluid mosaic model trilayer model permeable model3.The movement of water molecules across the membrane in response to aconcentration gradient is referred to asDiffusion osmosis translocation transport4.The membrane of a cell is able to differentiate molecules that enter or exit the celland act as a ____ barrier.Semipermanent semitransparent semipermeable semidiffuse5.Movement of molecules at an enhanced rate across the membrane is called facilitated diffusion passive diffusion osmosis permeation6.Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules without chemicalalteration?active transport group translocation facilitated diffusionbinding protein transport 7.Which of the following transport mechanism occurs only in Gram-negativebacteria?active transport group translocation facilitated diffusion binding protein transport8.Which of the following transport mechanisms occurs only in prokaryotes?active transport group translocation facilitated diffusion binding protein transport9.Lysozyme and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks thiscomponent;penicillin prevents its formationLipopolysaccharide phospholipid peptidoglycan teichoic acid10.Partial destruction of the cell wall with lysozyme leaves a cell called a:Protoplast spheroplast periplast capsule2 Fill in the Blank1.Most cells use energy in the form of______ to run the cell.2.Phospholipids of eubacterial cells are composed of a ______group and a _____on aglycerol backbone.3.Membrane proteins found on the surface are called ______ proteins.4.The energy source for active transport in eukaryotes is derived from ATP.The energy foractive transport in prokaryotes is derived from ______.5.The region between the outermembrane in Gram-negative bacteria and the cell wall iscalled the _______.6.Extrachromosomal DNA elements found in bacteria are called________.7.Ribosomes are structures composed of _______ and ______.8.The fluid inside a cell is referred to as the ________.9.The hereditary organelle of eukaryotic cells is called the ______.10.The process by which a cell engulfs and internalizes particles such as bacteria or othercells is called ______.Test 4 :Eukaryotes1 Multiple Choice (choose one answer)l. Fungi are considered heterotrophic because they obtain nutrition throughphagocytosis endocytosis adsorption photosynthesis2.The separation between filamentous fungal cells are referred to asFill in the Blank1.Unicellular fungi are called ______.2.Filamentous fungi form branching structures called ______3.The most common form of reproduction in yeasts occurs by ______.4.Silica is found in the cell wall of ______.5.The external structures of mushrooms are referred to as _______.6.The growth of fungi can be expressed by _____.7.Red tide is caused by a toxin released by the organism, Gonyaulax, which belongs to the______ group of fungi.8.Agar is made from this group of algae: ______.9.Trypanosoma gambiense causes the disease ______.10. A flagellate protozoa that can be found in mountain streams and causes d iarrhea is______.Test5: Bacterial Growth and Reproduction1 Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. In bacterial cultures, growth can be demonstrated by an increase in:Mass cell size cell number cell length2DNA replication in bacteria is controlled by:cell size cell division cell separation cell initiation3.During which phase of bacterial growth is there an increase in cell size but not in cellnumber?Lag log stationary exponential4.The generation time for bacteria is determined by:measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from the time the culture was initiated until the beginning of stationary phasemeasuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from lag phase to death phase measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from log phase to the end of stationary phasemeasuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from log phase to the beginning of stationary phase5.Most pathogenic bacteria are considered:Psychrophiles mesophiles thermophiles .merophiles6.Bacteria that grow at low nutrient concentrations are referred to as:Autotrophs phototrophs copiotrophs oligotrophs7.In times of nutrient deficiencies, the bacteria Clostridiumproduce____until conditionsare permissive for vegetative growth.Prosthecae spores stalks fruiting bodies8.The temperature of the incubator was raised from 15~(2 to 35~(2. The cultures in theincubator demonstrated a____fold increase in enzymatic activityTwo for eight twenty/doc/c03756477.html,anisms that grow at or near their optimal growth temperature are called stenothermal bacteria euthermal bacteriacauldoactive bacteria mesophilic bacteria10.All of the following are toxic oxygen products except:02 OH- H20 H20211. Catalase, which is produced by Staphylococci, catalyzes which of the following reactions?202+ 2H+ →2H202 + 02202+ 2H+ →2H202 + 02H202 + NADH + H+→2H20 + NADH202 + e- + H+→H2O + OH-12 A saturated solution of NaC1 has a water activity index of:1.0 0.90 0.80 0.7013. Organisms that can grow at a water index at or below that of NaCI are called Xerotolerant .salt tolerant mesotolerant salotolerant14. All of the following organisms will survive an environment of 0.9 Aw except Lactobacillus Staphylococcus .Saccharomyces SpiriUum15alophiles are classified as organisms that require ____for growth.Sugar salt .water air16.Osmophiles require a ____Aw for growth.Low high17.The pressure exerted on a cell due to high solute concentrations is referred to as: osmotic pressure hydrostatic pressure barometric pressure surface tension18. A diver encountered a new bacterial isolate while she was diving at 1000 m. Theorganism will be classified as:Marine barotolerant barophilic normal19.Fungi can be differentiated from most bacteria by culturing at:Marine low pH neutral pH20.All phototacfic bacteria respond to light by:moving away from the source of lightmoving toward the source of lightincreasing the movement of their flagellacreating gas vesicles to rise to the surface2 Fill in the Blank/doc/c03756477.html,anisms that grow best above 40oC are called______./doc/c03756477.html,anisms that grow best below 20oC are called______./doc/c03756477.html,anisms that grow best between 20 and 40oC are called ______.4.Myxobacteria form unique structures called ______ to cope with nutrient deficiencies.5.Bacteria that grow only at reduced oxygen concentrations are called _______.6.Bacteria that require oxygen for growth are called_____.7.Bacteria that grow at high nutrient concentrations are called ______.8.Caulobacter is an example of a ______ bacteria.9.At temperatures above the optimum, E. coli and other bacteria induce a change in geneexpression called______10. A change in hydrostatic pressure of 10 atm is experience with an increase in depth of______ mTest 6: Control of Microbial Growth1 Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Chemicals used on the body to control microorganisms are called:Antiseptics disinfectants antibiotics chemotherapeutic2.The most effective way of sterilizing a solution is by:Incineration pasteurization filtration moist heat3.An autoclave is an apparatus that is used to sterilize various materials. Theappropriate conditions for sterilizing contaminated material is given by which of thefollowing:15 min at 121℃at lpsi5 min at 121℃at 15 psi15 min at 121℃at 15 psi5 min at 131℃at 15 psi4. All of the following are an effect of ionizing radiation except:breaks hydrogen bondsthymine dimer formationgenerates oxygen radicalsring structure destruction5 hyperbaric chamber would be useful for treating infections caused by which of the following genera:Treponema Chlamydia Campylobacter Clostridia6.Agents that are used to inhibit bacterial growth are consideredBacteriocidal bacteriostatic antiseptics disinfectants7.The term used to describe substances produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibitother microorganisms are calledAntimicrobics antibiotics chemotherapeutic agents antiseptics8.Antibiotics must exhibit which of the following to be effective:narrow spectrum broad spectrum selective toxicitybacteriocidal9.Which of the following tests utilizes an antibiotic impregnated disk to test for theefficacy of the antibiotic?MIC MBC Mueller-Hinton Kirby-Bauer10.The MIC assay can determine if an antibiotic agent is:Bacteriocidal bacteriostatic aandb none of the above11.Penicillins are effective against:cells in log phase cellsin stationary phasecells in eclipse phaseall bacterial cells12.Penicillinases inhibit the activity of penicillins by which of the following mechanisms: break N. acetylglucosamine:N-acetylmuramic acid bondsbreak the peptidiglycan break the beta lactam ring break cycloserine。

2021年华中农业大学微生物学专业《微生物学》期末试卷A(有答案）一、填空题1、借周生鞭毛进行运动的细菌有______和______等，借端生鞭毛运动的细菌有______和______等，而借侧生鞭毛运动的细菌则有______等。

2、亚病毒包括______、______、______和______。

3、合成代谢的功能与分解代谢相反，是指在有关酶系的催化下，由______、______和______一起合成______的过程。

4、半固体培养基可用于______、______、______、______、______、______和______。

5、真菌的孢子数量极大，给人类带来不利之处是______、______和______等；有利之处则是利于______、______、______、______和______等。

6、现代微生物学发展有以下几个特点：______，______，______，______，______，______。

7、一条典型的生长曲线至少可分为______、______、______和______4个生长时期。

8、______是微生物的“天然培养基”，也是它们的“大本营”，对人类来说，则是最丰富的菌种资源库。

9、当前对原核受体细胞来说，在遗传工程中的最合适外源基因载体是 ______和______，对真核细胞受体来说，在动物方面主要有______，植物方面则主要是______。

10、外毒素的种类很多，常见的如______、______、______和______ 等。

二、判断题11、玻璃器材洗净后在急需时可采用高压蒸汽灭菌，而不能用干热灭菌。

（）12、用分装器将培养基分装试管时，应谨防培养基沾染试管口。

（）13、参与呼吸链的泛醌（CoQ），是一类存在于细菌细胞膜上的水溶性氢载体。

（）14、病毒具有感染性，且核酸是病毒的遗传物质，故所有病毒的基因组核酸都是感染性核酸。

（）15、白假丝酵母（Candida albicans）可产生无性的厚垣孢子。

华中农业大学一九九九年硕士研究生入学考试试题纸课程名称：314微生物学注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，不得写在试题纸上。

一、是非判断题（正确“√”，错误“×”，每题1分）1．中间体（Mesosome）是由细胞膜内陷折叠形成的袋或颗粒状结构。

（）2．支原体（Mycoplasma）是目前已知最小的细胞生物。

（）3．原生动物是多细胞、无细胞壁和能够自由活动的一类微生物。

（）4．一种病毒只含有单一类型的核酸。

（）5．光合细菌与蓝细菌相同，它们都具有光合色素，进行非环式光合磷酸化作用。

（）6．酒精发酵是丙酸在无氧条件下生成酒精的过程，典型的酒精发酵是在酵母菌作用下进行的。

（）7．在没有高压蒸汽灭菌设备情况下，不可能进行培养基质的彻底灭菌。

（）8．转化（Transformation）是指供体菌的DNA片段或质粒DNA转移到受体菌，并组合到基因组中的过程。

（）9．金黄色葡萄球菌为G＋，具有周生鞭毛。

（）10.所有放线菌都具有发达的基内菌丝和气生菌丝。

（）二、填空题（30分，每空0.5分）1．原核细胞与真核细胞的主要差异在于（）、（）、（）。

2．肽聚糖是（）特有的一类大分子复合物。

以金黄色葡萄球菌为例，它是有（）和（）与一种（）和一种（）的四个亚单位交联而成的多层次网状结构。

磷壁酸是（）中所特有的成分。

3．脂多糖是（）所含有的一种化学成分，它有（）、（）、（）三部分组成。

4．细菌的芽胞是某些细菌在生活周期的特定阶段形成的（）体，芽胞形成过程可分为（）、（）、（）、（）、（）、（）和（）七个阶段，芽胞对不良环境因子的抗性主要由于（）、（）、（）。

5.真菌的有性繁殖产生有性孢子,包括( )孢子、（）孢子、（）孢子、（）孢子、（）孢子。

有性孢子产生过程一般包含（）、（）和6.根据获取能源、碳源和供氧体的方式，微生物原则上可区分为（）、（）、（）和（），自然界绝大多数微生物都属于（）型。

7.细菌的基因重组可以有三种方式产生，即（）、（）、（）。

目　录第一部分　考研真题精选一、选择题二、填空题三、名词解释四、简答题五、论述题第二部分　章节题库第1章　绪　论第2章　微生物的纯培养和显微技术第3章　微生物细胞的结构与功能第4章　微生物的营养第5章　微生物的代谢第6章　微生物的生长繁殖及其控制第7章　病毒第8章　微生物遗传第9章　微生物基因表达的调控第10章　微生物与基因工程第11章　微生物的生态第12章　微生物的进化、系统发育和分类鉴定第13章　微生物物种的多样性第14章　感染与免疫第15章　微生物生物技术第一部分　考研真题精选一、选择题1柯赫提出的证明某种微生物是否为某种疾病病原体的基本原则是（ ）。

[武汉科技大学2019研]A．巴斯德原则B．柯赫定律C．菌种原则D．免疫原理【答案】B【解析】柯赫在对病原细菌的研究中取得了突出的成就：①证实了炭疽病菌是炭疽病的病原菌；②发现了肺结核病的病原菌；③提出了证明某种微生物是否为某种疾病病原体的基本原则——柯赫原则；④配制培养基及创建了分离、纯化微生物的技术等。

2菌种的分离、培养、接种、染色等研究微生物的技术发明者是（ ）。

[中国计量大学2019研]A．巴斯德B．柯赫C．列文虎克D．别依林克【答案】B3用牛肉膏作培养基能为微生物提供（ ）。

[中国计量大学2019研]A．C源B．N源C．生长因素D．A，B，C都提供【答案】D【解析】牛肉膏富含水溶性糖类、有机氮化合物、维生素、盐等，可以为微生物提供C源、N源和生长因子。

4某种生物通过产生特殊代谢产物或改变环境条件来抑制或杀死另一种微生物的现象称为（ ）。

[沈阳农业大学2019研]A．拮抗B．共生C．寄生D．捕食【答案】AB项，共生指相互作用的两个种群相互有利，二者之间是一种专【解析】性的和紧密的结合，是协同作用的进一步延伸。

C项，寄生指一个种群对另一种群的直接侵入，寄生者从寄主生活细胞或生活组织获得营养，而对寄主产生不利影响。

D项，捕食指一个种群被另一个种群完全吞食，捕食者种群从被食者种群得到营养，而对被食者种群产生不利影响。

04 第四章维生素华中农业大学微生物考研生物化学04第四章维生素华中农业大学微生物考研生物化学第四章维生素必须努力学习维生素这一章的内容，就要掌控维生素的化学结构、名称、功能及缺乏症。

对于水溶性维生素来说，最重要的就是把维生素与辅酶联系出来，只有这样就可以努力学习维生素这一章。

一、习题(一)选择题1．下列哪一个化合物的名称与所给出的维生素名称不符?a．α-生育酚――维生素eb.硫胺素――维生素b1c．抗坏血酸――维生素cd.氰钴胺素――维生素b12e．吡哆醛――维生素b22．下列哪一个辅酶不是来自维生素：a．cdqb．fadc．nad+d．plpe．tpp3．分子中具备醌式结构的就是：a．维生素ab．维生素b1巳维生素cd.维生素ee．维生素k4．具备抗氧化促进作用的脂溶性维生素就是：a．维生素cb．维生素ec.维生素ad．维生素b1e．维生素d5．以下维生素中所含噻唑环路的就是：a．维生素b2b．维生素btc.维生素ppd．叶酸e．维生素b76．成人及儿童因缺少哪种维生素而引致干眼病?a．维生素b7b．叶酸c．维生素ad．维生素b3e．维生素b67．以下哪种维生素可以转变为甲基和甲酰基载体的辅酶?a．硫胺素b．叶酸c．维生素ad．泛酸e．核黄素8．下列关于维生素c结构和性质的叙述，哪一项是错误的?a．维生素c是含六个碳原子骨架的化合物b．维生素c具备酸性是因为―cooh释放出来质子c．还原型维生素c为烯醇式，而氧化型维生素c为酮式d．还原型维生素c的元素组成为c:h:o=6:8:6e．维生素c是一种内脂化合物9．以下哪一种维生素或辅酶不不含环状结构?a．烟酸b，四氢叶酸c．维生素d3d．泛酸e．生物素10．下列哪一种辅酶能与焦磷酸硫胺素一起在丙酮酸转变为乙酰辅酶a的过程中起重要作用?a．维生素b3b．硫辛酸c．维生素ad．维生素ce．nadp11．泛酸是coa的组成成分，后者在糖、脂和蛋白质代谢中起：a．脱羧促进作用b．酰基迁移促进作用c．过氧化氢促进作用d．还原作用e．氧化作用12.下列哪个不是丙酮酸脱氢酶系的辅助因子?a.plpb．tppc．硫辛酸d．fade．coa13.以下哪一个反应须要生物素：a．羟化作用b.羧化作用c．脱羧作用d．脱水作用e．脱氨基作用14．转氨酶的辅酶就是以下化合物中的哪一个?a．尼克酸b．泛酸c．硫胺素d．磷酸吡哆醛e．核黄素15．以下哪一种化合物由谷氨酸、对氨基苯甲酸和喋呤啶共同组成：a．维生素b12b．氰钴胺素c．叶酸d．生物素e．coa16．除coa可以作为酰基载体之外，下列哪种物质也可以传递乙酰基：a．生物素b．叶酸c．tppd．硫辛酸e．维生素b1217．来自于食物的抗生物素蛋白不影响哪一种酶的催化反应?a．琥珀酸脱氢酶b．丙酰辅酶a羧化酶c．β―甲基巴豆酰辅酶a羧化酶d．乙酰辅酶a羧化酶c．丙酮酸羧化酶18．以下哪一个描述就是错误的?a．维生素a就是一种高分子醇b．维生素c也表示抗坏血酸c．维生素bl与维生素b2具有类似的化学结构和生理功能d．维生素d含有类固醇核c．维生素e是脂溶性维生素19。

2022年华中农业大学生物技术专业《微生物学》期末试卷A(有答案）一、填空题1、支原体因缺乏细胞壁，故出现一系列其他特征，包括______、______、______和______等。

2、病毒的非增殖性感染有______、______和______3种类型。

3、光能自养微生物有产氧与不产氧两大类，前者如______等，后者如______等。

4、水的生理作用主要包括______、______、______、______、______ 和______。

5、真核微生物包括______、______、______和______等几个大类。

6、微生物包括的主要类群有______、______和______。

7、E.coli的代时约为______min，一个细胞经2h繁殖后，可变为______ 个；Saccharomyces cerevisiae的代时约为______min，一个细胞经6h分裂后，可变为______个。

8、在菌种资源开发中，筛选菌种的四个步骤为：______、______、______和______。

9、微生物菌种保藏的原理是在______、______、______、______和______等环境条件下，使其处于代谢不活泼状态。

10、主要的免疫分子有八类，它们是______、______、______、______、______、______、______和______。

二、判断题11、杆状的细菌一般都长有周生鞭毛。

（）12、实验室做固体培养基时，常加1.8%的琼脂作凝固剂，做半固体培养基时，琼脂加入量通常是0.5%。

（）13、由于固氮酶对氧的极度敏感，因此，凡能固氮的微生物都是厌氧菌。

（）14、含朊病毒的肉制品，经加压灭菌法（121℃）处理1～2h后即可去除其传染性。

（）15、毛霉菌的无性繁殖产生孢囊孢子，有性生殖产生卵孢子。

（）16、（G＋C）mol%值的差别，可作为微生物系统分类工作中正确设置分类单元的可靠依据。