电影《阿甘正传》中委婉语的文化透视

电影《阿甘正传》的语言分析作为一种教学手段,电影以其内容的丰富,对学生多感官,立体式的刺激远远优越于其他模式;作为一种语言,英语以其使用的广泛性而备受青睐,而其承载的文化交流、理念输出的作用又与电影的功能极其相似。

所以将电影作为教学手段使用到英语教学中去,不仅能够提高学习者的兴趣,更能让英语学习者领略到不同文化的精彩。

本文将从具体影片《阿甘正传》来分析在具体教学中电影的作用。

《阿甘正传》(Forrest Gump)是1994年由美国派拉蒙公司出品的一部经典影片,1995年获得第67届奥斯卡金像奖最佳男主角、最佳改编剧本、最佳导演、最佳影片、最佳视觉效果、最佳剪辑六项大奖。

影片以主人公阿甘从二十世纪五十年代到八十年代的生活经历为主线,贯穿起这段历史中的许多重大事件,反映出二战以后美国人民的生活状态和精神面貌的变化。

是一部不可多得的非常适合用以教学的英文影片。

首先,作为一种类型电影,《阿甘正传》非常具有代表性。

在美国电影中,主人公为弱智或者有某种精神障碍人士,最后取得成功的故事屡见不鲜。

美国人将其称为“反智电影”。

不仅演员们对这样的角色青睐有加,争相竞争以此来挑战自己的演技,以求获得事业上的成功,即使是美国民众对此也津津乐道。

比如《雨人》(Rain Man),《呆呆往前冲》(Water Boy),《我是山姆》(I am Sam)等等。

这其实正是美国文化的一种体现,是美国梦的一种极端形式。

他们崇拜个人英雄主义,强调个人努力后获得成功,他们渴望奇迹,对外宣称的民主、自由也是美国人所感到自豪的。

这与这个国家建立之初的原因和目标相一致。

而这些在很大程度上与中国文化是不同的,也正是应该为英语学习者所了解的,所以在播放影片之初,对这一情况加以说明,是十分有必要的。

这不仅能让学生明白整个影片的基调,给学生提供了一个观察影片的角度,更是通过影片对美国社会当时主流思想的一种解读。

在对影片具体类型,所反映的美国文化加以解释后,我们有必要对《阿甘正传》中的历史事件加以说明,这部分应采取简单叙述为主,使学生在观看影片时能够不至于迷茫即可。

电影《阿甘正传》对白的会话含义分析电影《阿甘正传》对白的会话含义分析导言：电影《阿甘正传》是由罗伯特·泽米吉斯执导，汤姆·汉克斯主演的一部经典电影。

该电影以一个智商低下但心地善良的男主角阿甘为核心，通过阿甘的一生来展现人生的意义和价值。

电影中的对白内容丰富多样，每一句话都蕴含着深刻的含义。

本文将对《阿甘正传》中的对白进行深入分析，剖析其背后蕴含的主题和思想。

一、人生的意义与价值1. “生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道下一个是什么。

”这是电影中最经典的一句台词，同时也是整部电影的宣言。

它传递了一个深刻的哲理：人生就像一盒巧克力，我们无法预知未来，也无法控制命运的起伏。

我们需要学会接受并乐观面对生活中的变数与挑战。

2. “妈妈说，傻人才不会让别人伤心。

”阿甘的母亲是他生命中最重要的人之一。

这句台词表达了母亲对他的理解与关爱，传递了一种纯真与善良的品质。

在阿甘和珍妮受到欺负和伤害时，他们选择了相信并原谅别人。

这种宽容和善意的态度正是人生中最珍贵的财富之一。

3. “我一生中跑过很多地方，最后我终于明白，跑是有目的的。

”阿甘是一个倾注全部热情和努力的跑者。

这句话强调了追求目标和信念的重要性。

不管是无论制定多么出色的计划和目标，如果没有坚持和努力，就没有完成的可能。

阿甘的这番话向我们传达了一个鲜明的信息：只有真正跑出去，才能感受到风景的美妙。

二、爱与友谊的力量1. “我爱你，珍妮！”阿甘对珍妮的痴情表达了爱情的力量。

尽管珍妮多次离开阿甘，但阿甘依然对她保持着深深的爱意。

他的爱并不带有占有欲和条件，只是单纯地希望给予珍妮幸福。

这种纯真和无私的爱情触动了观众的内心，让人们对爱的定义重新思考。

2. “生命就像一辆巴士，你不知道你会遇到什么人。

”在电影中，阿甘经历了许多遇见的奇妙人生。

通过阿甘的人生轨迹，我们体会到友谊的珍贵与力量。

无论是战友守望相助，还是生意伙伴的互助合作，阿甘一直与众多的人建立了深厚的友谊。

英文电影台词中委婉语研究以电影阿甘正传为例摘要委婉语是一种普遍的现象，不仅仅是语言现象，还是一种社会文化现象。

人们在日常的社交活动中常常会使用一些委婉语含蓄地表达自己的某些想法，从而避免交流时的尴尬，缓解对方的不悦。

委婉语是人们协调人际关系的一种重要手段。

在日常生活中适当使用委婉语不仅有利于保持相互间和谐的关系，而且能促进双方的交流效果。

本文主要以电影《阿甘正传》为例，在真实的语境下研究委婉语现象。

本文认为，委婉语是不可能独立出现而存在的，它一定是存在于某个语境中、某个背景下的。

而且，委婉语其实并不仅限于词汇与词组层面，它还有可能是某个语境中的一句句子、一段话等等。

只要它符合委婉语含蓄、隐晦的特点，它也可以称之为委婉语。

本文精心挑选了电影《阿甘正传》中的一些经典委婉语，从文化背景以及交际语境等方面分析，研究委婉语的特点、类型、未来发展等。

关键词: 委婉语、英文电影、《阿甘正传》AbstractEuphemisms is a common phenomenon, not only a language phenomenon, but also a social and cultural phenomenon. In the daily social activities, people often use some euphemismsss to express some of their own ideas implicitly, so as to avoid the embarrassment of communication and ease each other’s displeasure. Euphemisms is an important means of coordinating interpersonal relationships. Appropriate use of euphemisms in daily life not only is conducive to maintaining a harmonious relationship between each other, but also can promote the communicative effect of both sides.This paper mainly takes the movie “Forrest Gump” as an example and research the phenomenon of euphemisms in the real context . In this paper, euphemism is impossible to exist independently and it must exist in a context or a background. Moreover, euphemism is not only limited to the level of vocabulary and phrase, but also exist in a sentence, a passage and so on in a context. As long as it conforms to the subtle and obscure features of euphemisms, it can also be called euphemisms. This paper carefully selected some classic euphemisms in the movie “Forrest Gump” and study the characteristics, types, future development, etc. of euphemisms from the cultural background ,the context of communication and other aspects.Key words: euphemism, English movie, Forrest GumpContentsChapter 1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction of Euphemisms 11.2 Theoretical Significance of Euphemisms 2Chapter 2 Literature Review 42.1 Study of Euphemisms in China 42.2 Study of Euphemisms abroad 52.3 Status Quo of the Study of Euphemisms 6Chapter 3 Euphemismss in English Movies 73.1 Pragmatic Study of Euphemisms in English Movies 73.2 The Future Development of Euphemisms in English Movies 12Chapter 4 Euphemisms in English Movies in the Case of Forrest Gump 144.1 Euphemisms of Death in Forrest Gump 144.2 Euphemisms of Sex in Forrest Gump 154.3 Euphemisms of Army in Forrest Gump 164.4 Other Euphemisms in Forrest Gump 17Chapter 5 Conclusion 18WORKS CITED 19Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction of euphemisms1.1.1 Brief Introduction of EuphemismsEuphemism is a kind of linguistic phenomenon which is prevalent in human society, and it is an important means for people to develop interpersonal relationship in language use. It is also the interpersonal lubricant. Euphemism exists in many languages, reflecting different social and cultural connotations. This paper expounds the phenomenon from the language expression of euphemism and its manifestation of pragmatic principles, so as to reveal the influence of linguistic nature and pragmatic factors on it.1.1.2 Types of EuphemismsFrom the expression, English euphemisms can generally be divided into two types. They are traditional euphemisms and stylistic euphemisms. The so-called traditional euphemism refers to the ones that are raw, sick, dead, buried, sex, naked, pull, withdrawal or other taboo things. If it is expressed directly, it will be taboo and give the people feelings of rough and blunt. On the contrary, if it is expressed indirectly, it will be called euphemism and give people the impression of elegant, subtle and polite. As a matter of fact, the so-called stylistic euphemism is complimented, with complacent words, and taboo is not related. In the process of communication, in order to express the courtesy, in order to avoid the stimulus, or in order to fight for cooperation, people sometimes use the exaggerated approach for some unpleasant things in good faith.From the frequency of use, we can divide euphemisms into two types. They are general euphemisms and temporary euphemism. In general, euphemism is a ready-made language unit that is popular in a language community for a certain period of time. Temporary euphemisms that we know literally are obviously “temporary” and “individual”.From the scope of euphemisms, it can be divided into the following types. They are euphemisms of death, euphemisms of disease, euphemisms of body, euphemisms of war, euphemisms ofgovernment, euphemisms of diplomatic and so on.1.1.3 Characteristics of EuphemismIn the first place, euphemism keeps pace with times. When the times are changing, the language is changing with the pace of it. In the process of the changing of times and language, new words are emerging and old words are gradually disappearing. As a matter of fact, euphemisms are the same. With the expansion of the scope of use and after being recognized by people and became fixed euphemisms, a small number of euphemisms used in some cases are temporary. There is no doubt that fixed euphemisms are relative, because over time, euphemisms will gradually lose the characteristics of euphemisms. With the development of the African American human rights movement, in the United States, we have changed our call on the people with dark skins from “Negro” to “black people”. The present euphemism of “African American” is enough to show the mark of its age.In the second place, euphemism is regional. In history, different regions has different culture and its traditional taboo is also different. This difference is reflected in the language of the geographical differences. For example, the British called the condom as “a French thing”, at the same time, the French called the condom as “a British thing”. What is the same is that they both have a social habit to avoid things, however,what is different is that the different regions have different argument.In the third place, euphemism is algebraic. In different contexts, or even in the same context, different ages, identities, status, or different levels of education are not the same. For example, on the aspect of going to the toilet, the lady may say “to powder one’s nose”; the men may say “to go to the toilet to relieve oneself” because nature calls for nature’ s urgency; while the children may say “go to the pot”.Last but not least, euphemism has ambiguity. There are many vague elements in euphemismss, and euphemism is the use of the ambiguity of this language, so that some words expand. People often use euphemisms or vocabulary to vaguely refer to some things that they do not want to say, such as a variety of sadness and disease. Therefore, euphemisms of this ambiguity can cover up the brutal reality. What’ s more, some linguists even point out that euphemisms are replaced by less accurate or semantically more vague words to replace those much more accurate words.1.2 Theoretical Significance of EuphemismsEuphemism is a linguistic phenomenon prevalent in human society. It is a kind of language that uses the harmless or sweet words to replace those words which are more direct or abrupt, and conceal the facts in good faith. Adjusting the interpersonal relationship is one of the important means. It is a rhetoric and cultural phenomenon. Because euphemism has a strong convincing and a good modification effect, people from all over the world and all works of life like using it. In addition, English euphemism has become a part of English culture which can not broken away. As a matter of fact, English euphemism is not only one of the most important parts of English, but also one of the most important topic in cross-cultural communication. What’s more, English euphemism is not only a kind of social language phenomenon, but also a kind of cultural phenomenon. With the progress of society, the development of human civilization, euphemismss is always accompanied by the whole society of speech communication process, and fullydemonstrated its communication function. euphemism is widely used in various fields, so understanding the communicative function of euphemism is of great help to learn English well and to carry out effective cross-cultural communication.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Study of Euphemisms in ChinaEuphemisms firstly appeared in The Book of Songs, so it has a long history in China. However, there is not much research on it. In 1976, Chinese scholar Chen Wangdao defined euphemisms in his book Rhetoric, and studied euphemisms from the perspective of rhetoric. From the beginning of Mr. Chen Wangdao, in a long period of time, our language researchers on euphemisms do the research mainly from the perspective of rhetoric. Their research broke through the word, the word level of the study, the concept of euphemisms extended to the sentence, and even the level of the chapter. In the 1970s and 1980s, foreign sociolinguistic theory was introduced into China. The special social function of euphemisms has been influenced by scholars who are engaged in sociolinguistic research. In 1983, The social linguistics published by Chen Y uan, starting from the profound historical and social psychological background of euphemism reveals the social essence of the phenomenon of euphemisms, and analyzes the euphemisms from the example of euphemisms. Characteristics and the use of features, the study of euphemisms has an important reference value. Since then, the study of euphemisms in Chinese can be divided into two categories. One is inherited a long history of taboo phenomenon, Mr. Chen Beijiao published Chinese language taboo in 1991. As the representative of the other is inherited the study of euphemism in rhetoric, and continued to study euphemism as a rhetoric. After a series of studies in the eighties in China to carry out Five Stresses Four Beautiful in the linguistic study of language beauty activities focused on a number of results, scattered in all kinds of rhetorical papers published.In the second year of “Chinese Language Learning”, Shu Dingfang published the euphemism in Modern Chinese. The first attempt was to describe and explore the structure and scope of euphemism in modern Chinese from the perspective of modern linguistics. In addition, it is worth mentioning that, with the social psychology and culture in the rise and development of our country, some people began to try from the perspective of culture and social psychology of the causes of euphemism to explore. During this period, some scholars in our foreign language circles were inspired by the study of euphemism, and published some papers. As Aaron published in the second issue of 1984, Foreign Language Journal on the contemporary English euphemism, Li Guonan published in the third issue of 1989, Foreign Language on the “English euphemisms and so on. These papers on the English euphemism in the composition of the way or use of the characteristics of a more systematic induction and finishing was to help people to better understand the phenomenon of euphemisms and have a certain impact.2.2 Study of Euphemisms abroadWestern scholars have a long history of studying euphemism, such as taboo’s attention and description in many adventurers and anthropologists in the narrative everywhere. As early as the early 1870s, British writer George Blunt pioneered the word euphemism and defined it as a good or favorable law of a bad word. Since then, many Western scholars have made great contributions to the study of euphemism. The American linguist Menken in The American Language combined with the historical and cultural background of American society, discussedhundreds of English euphemism generation and popular causes, for the euphemism study left a valuable legacy. In 1981, the British linguist Hugh Rawson compiled and published A Dictionary of euphemism and Other Double Talk, embodies the Anglo-American linguists over the years on euphemism research results, especially in the dictionary up to dozens of pages of preface. However, so far Chinese and foreign scholars to study euphemism in a variety of papers in the most outstanding one. This book not only traces the history of euphemism, but also discusses the characteristics of euphemism, the definition of euphemism, the classification of euphemisms, the scope of euphemism and so on. It is regarded as the classic study of euphemisms, and its theoretical significance is difficult to evaluate. The British linguist Leech proposed the principles of politeness as the principle of euphemism in the book of Principles of Pragmatics, as well as the principles of appropriateness, tolerance, praise, humility, consent and compassion. euphemism is one of the most polite languages, that is to say, to regulate human language in terms of politeness. Leach argues that the principle of cooperation should be complementary to the principle of politeness and form a complete theoretical system of the theory of the meaning of conversation. The United States of America Neaman and Silver published Kind Words, which was not only a treasures of euphemisms, but also a set of euphemisms for the masterpiece, has an important reference value. Another important book was “Fair of Speech”, which was published by Enright in 1985. In addition, The Uses of euphemism is a collection of euphemism and each paper only focuses on the use of euphemism in a certain aspect. Allan and Burridge published a book named euphemism and Dysphemism, which was written from the perspective of pragmatics euphemism.2.3 Status Quo of the Study ofEuphemismsHowever, there is no doubt that Despite the fact that the ancient and modern scholars on euphemism research has made some achievements, there still left a lot of shortcomings.In the first place, in the guiding ideology, people have not been fully aware of the proportion of euphemism in language usage and the importance of euphemism to reveal the essential characteristics of human communication.In the second place, in the specific research process, simple repetition is more serious, at the same time, many articles remain in the shallow presentation did not do in-depth and meticulous research.In the third place, the reference literature is relatively simple and there are few monographs on euphemism in China and abroad.In the fourth place, we are lacking of the scientific definition of euphemisms because many euphemism can not distinguish between both rhetoric and linguistic phenomena and dynamic speech processes and static speech outcomes. In addition, there are still a lot of problems of the definition, scope, structure and use of euphemism characteristics, research objectives and methods. In summary, many experts and scholars on the in-depth study of the English euphemisms have discussed a lot about its communication function. Their consensus is that English euphemism is an important rhetoric that is ubiquitous in all the aspects, and it is a lubricant that regulates the relationship between people. It has a taboo and courtesy, and cover the other functions. On the basis of predecessors’ theory, this paper analyzes the communicative function of English euphemism and puts forward their own opinions. I hope that English learners will improve their communicative competence and understand some cultural knowledge of western countries better.Chapter 3 Euphemisms in English Movies3.1 Pragmatic Study of Euphemisms in English MoviesLanguage communication is an important means for people to maintain social relations and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, in specific communication situations, people usually avoid using the language which will cause both sides to disrupt the relationship between the two sides, and take a tortuous way to the table.In the theory of conversational meaning, the American philosopher H. P. Grice argues that verbal communication has the desire to cooperate with each other and achieve the success of communication.Therefore, in order to make the communication smoothly and successfully, the two sides of the communication should jointly follow some principles such as truth, fullness, association and clarity, which are the principles of cooperation. These principles consist of four criteria: quantitative criteria, qualitative criteria, relations norms and guidelines. In other words, the speaker’s words should contain the information which is needed for the purpose of the conversation. That is to say, the speaker’s words should not exceed the information needed or show the meaning that the self is false or lack of sufficient evidenceEuphemisms, as a linguistic phenomenon, should also be influenced by the Grace Conversation Criteria. However, in a certain context, euphemism is contrary to the principles of these conversational cooperation. Euphemism, from the view of the violation of the principle of cooperation, results in the generation of conversational meaning. At the same time, they achieve the purpose of communication and the hidden and polite function. In the movie “Forrest Gump”, there exists many euphemisms which are contrary to the principles of conversation, to achieve the purpose of maintaining all the aspects of communication.3.1.1 Rules contrary to the numberThe number of guidelines dictates that we should provide the right amount of information when we speak, and that we should say nothing more. It mainly contains two aspects.The first one is the degree of detail required to achieve the words (the current purpose of the conversation);The second one is making the words that you do not exceed the information you need. The lack of information or the provision of excess information is contrary to the number of criteria.In the first place, in order to provide inadequate information to receive good communication effect, euphemisms will be taken as needed to omit the means to make its semantic ambiguous or faint vulgar, harsh or impolite part. Therefore, euphemism violates the quantitative criteria to a certain extent. For example, let us see the following conversation in Forrest Gump.Forrest Gump: Will you marry me? I’d make a good husband, Jenny.Jenny: Y ou would, Forrest.It is very obvious that for Forrest Gump’s proposal, Jenny deliberately violated the number of guidelines, that is not to provide the right amount of information. She intends to take the first question: Are you willing to marry me? She only responded to the second sentence of Forrest Gump, saying, “Y ou will (become a good husband)”. As a matter of fact, Jenny rejected the Forrest Gump’s proposal indirectly. However, this simple answer may be better than the direct answer of “No, I will not marry you, Forrest Gump.”Obviously, it is a kind of euphemism. For Forrest Gump, it may be the more suitable answer. As a matter of fact, if Jenny blindly follow the principle of cooperation, she will certainly hurt the heart of Forrest Gump. And then both sides of the conversation will get into an embarrassing situation. In the second place, euphemisms can help to provide excessive information. The so-called excessive information refers to that the speaker provides more information than the listener needs. In the actual process of communication, euphemism is contrary to this. Let me take an example. Diner: Do you have ducks here?Waiter: No, sir, but we can catch only duck and anger it, and then burn you to eat.In this conversation, the waiter only answered “no” on the diner’s question, but he deliberately said some more words. It was obvious that he violated the amount of the standard, but he used euphemisms to answer the question to a certain extent and made a humor effect to not only ease the atmosphere,but also to leave the diner a good impression. Now let us take a look at the conversation between Forrest Gump and his mother, Mrs. Gump, who will die. Mrs. Gump: I’m dying, Forrest, come on in, sit down over.Forrest Gump: Why are you dying momma?Mrs. Gump: It’s my time. It’s just my time. Oh, now do not you be afraid, sweetheart. Death is just a part of life. It’s something we all destined to do I did not know it, but I was destined to be your momma. I did the best I could....Mrs. Gump: Y ou’re gonna have to figure that out for yourself. Life is a box of chocolates. Forrest, you never know what you’re gonna get. I’ll miss you, Forrest.In the conversation, Forrest Gump asked why Mrs. Gump would die. Mrs. Gump replied: “It’s my time. ” In addition, she also said a lot to encourage Forrest Gump. For example, she told Forrest Gump not to be afraid and death was part of life. It was obvious that Mrs. Gump’s words violated the number of criteria for the second time, exceeding the required information than required the message is much more detailed. However, such a tactful answer for Forrest Gump would not have a fear of death, but the hope for life. That is to say, Forrest Gump would feel the endless love of his dearest mother. Supposed that Mrs. Gump simply answered the question of Forrest Gump, Forrest Gump would have the fear of death and the confusion of the future, which showed a wise and kind care and thought of the mother.3.1.2 Rules contrary to the qualityThe quality standard specifies the authenticity of the speech, that is to say, the speaker is required to tell all the truth and not tell any lies. However, euphemism violates this criterion. As a matter of fact, it either overstates the facts, or low-key statements of the original situation of the shortcomings or deficiencies. (Xu Haiming, 1996) The purpose of doing so is to convey some invisible information to the hearer, expressing implicit meaning. Let’s take a look at the conversation between Forrest Gump’s mother, Mrs. Gump and the school’s staff, Mr. Hillcock.Mr. Hillcock: We’re a progressive school system. We do not want to see anybody left behind. Is there a Mr. Gump, Mrs. Gump?Mrs. Gump: He is on vacation.First of all, Mr Hillcock would like to know if Mr. Gump is at home, but he felt it straight to askthis question of the sudden. Therefore, he used euphemism to ask this sensible question. He used “Is there a Mr. Gump, Mrs. Gump?” instead of “Is Mr. Gump at home?” Of course, Mrs. Gump understood his true intentions, but she did not want someone else or Forrest Gump to know that Mr. Gump was dead, or did not want to mention her husband’s death. For fearing of her son’s entry as a normal child, she replied that “He is on vacation ” instead of “Y es” or “No”. It was obvious that she intends to avoid telling the truth that she was a widow. And this euphemism is contrary to the principle of quality. Let me take another conversation as an example. In this conversation, Forrest Gump asked his mother a question.Forrest Gump: Mama, what’s “vacation” mean?Mrs. Gump: V acation?Forrest Gump: Where daddy went?Mrs. Gump: V acation is when you go somewhere and you do not ever come backForrest Gump asked his mother, Mrs. Gump, what “vacation” means. Mrs. Gump answered that the vacation was “when you go somewhere and you do not ever come back”. Mrs. Gump deceived Forrest Gump and told him the information which was not true. However, it was a white lie, which also violated the quality standards. Mrs. Gump’s use of this euphemismss was to make Forrest Gump feel that his father was still alive in the world and he was just not with him and his mother. There are far more euphemisms in violation of the principle of quality in Forrest Gump. Let me take an example of Dan.Dan: I got an air strike in bounds right now. They’re going to nape the whole area. Gump, you stay here. God damn it. That’s an order.In this conversation, Dan used “air strike” to describe the war and the euphemism is intended to overstate the facts, violate the principle of quality, but dilute the cruelty and terror of the war. The use of the euphemism is to cover up the seriousness of things in order that people can get psychological comfort on it.3.1.3 Rules contrary to the associationThe association criteria stipulates that the words to be addressed are not related to the topic, and the words spoken by the speaker are related to the response of the listener, otherwise the conversations between the two parties can not proceed. However, in the actual process of communication, people often use euphemisms and some seemingly irrelevant words, intending to avoid the topic. This is through the violation of the association criteria to express euphemismss. Let me take an example.Person A: How do you like my coat?Person B: Oh, it is red.It seems that person B didn’t answer person A’s question and person B only expressed the meaning that person A’s coat is red. As a matter of fact, person B didn’t like person A’s coat. However, person B didn’t expressed his feeling directly. Person B just expressed the meaning of “I do not like your coat” to change the topic of the conversation indirectly and politely in order to avoid the embarrassment.What’s more, in the movie Forrest Gump, Forrest Gump and Jenny had a conversation like this. Jenny answered Forrest Gump respectively and it is the conversation that reflected theeuphemisms on the association criteria violation.Forrest Gump: I want to be your boyfriend.Jenny: That uniform is a trip, Forrest, you look handsome in it. Y ou do.In this conversation, Forrest Gump told Jenny to be her boyfriend. However, Jenny had her own ideals and pursuits, and she did not want a plain life like Forrest Gump. As for Jenny, she wanted to be a famous singer and what she wanted was freedom. When the repression brought, Forrest Gump is not the best candidate for Jenny. In order to avoid embarrassment and not to hurt Forrest Gump’s sincere and persistent love, Jenny made her best to give a positive answer and statement, saying that Forrest Gump looked so good in this uniform. As a matter of fact, Jenny could not bear to refuse Forrest Gump directly. She really loved Forrest Gump, but she might not be the most suitable wife for Forrest Gump. They had different life goals and aims. What Jenny wanted was exciting and surprising life of being a famous singer, however, what Forrest Gump wanted was the plain life in the countryside with his beloved families. Therefore, Jenny indirectly expressed the meaning of “I do not want to be your girlfriend” with a strategy that violated the association criteria, providing an excuse and an escape route for herself.In addition, the following Conan and unfamiliar black women’s conversation also violated the association criteria.Forrest Gump: Those must be comfortable shoes. I’ll bet you could walk all day in shoes like that and not feel a thing. I wish I had shoes like that.Nurse: My feet hurt.Forrest Gump: Momma always says there’s an awful lot you could tell about a person by their shoes. Where they’re going, where they’ve been.In this conversation, Forrest Gump greedy black women wearing a pair of comfortable shoes, saying: “I also want to have a pair of such shoes”. However, the black women said, “My foot hurt.” Her answer was not related to the words of Forrest Gump, so it violated the association criteria. What she really wanted to express was that this pair of shoes was not comfortable or she did not want to continue to talk with Forrest Gump. Forrest Gump, after hearing the black woman’s answer, did not talk about her feet, but continued to talk about her topic. In this conversation, Forrest Gump violated the association guidelines, but he still continued the conversation.3.1.4 Rules contrary to the methodThe way the guidelines in the expression of the request is to ask the speaker concise straightforward and not to use semantic vague words. However, the euphemism deviates from the way to avoid obscure, to avoid long-winded, to avoid redundant words over the sentence of the three times, the performance of the language fuzzy, derogatory praise, the value of the language and other characteristics.For example: a doctor sent a death notice that you had better get your affairs in order. From the surface form, contrary to the principle of avoiding long-winded, but it euphemistically transmitted the patient’s death information, and reduce the harm to the patient’s family.Let me take an example, Forrest Gump’s headmaster Mr. Hillcock said to Forrest Gump’s mother that:“Y our boy’s different, Mrs. Gump. His I. Q. is 75.”。

电影《阿甘正传》的叙事技巧和语言分析电影《阿甘正传》的时代背景是二战结束后，讲述了天生弱智的阿甘，却不断奋斗，最终创造人生传奇的故事。

阿甘，出生于美国南方一个闭塞的小镇；智商低只有75，但是他的妈妈希望自己的儿子像正常人一样生活，常常鼓励他，要他自强不息。

后来在上学时，他遇到了珍妮。

从此，阿甘受到了来自妈妈和珍妮的爱护和鼓励，他一生不停奔跑，并创造了他人生的几个传奇：跑步速度超过汽车，打橄榄球进入全美明星队，大学毕业后参加越南战争，完成巴布的捕虾遗愿，跑步横穿美国。

这部电影是美国百部经典电影之一，1994年首映以来，受到众多好评，其魅力经久不衰，影响了一代人，尤其是对青少年的健康成长有着重要的启发和鼓励作用。

本文赏析这部影片的隐喻和象征的美学追求，通过叙事技巧和非隐喻性的语言观两个方面来实现。

一、叙事技巧《阿甘正传》的美学追求对于传统现实主义倾向存在着某种认同和回归，但又有着独特之处，不完全等同于古典现实主义。

其诗情气韵和对人生理想境界的理解，是对诗性人生态度的展现，这让这部电影具有灵性和形而上的意味。

而电影的叙事技巧很好体现出了这种意味。

在影片的开始，就采用了一种冷静客观的叙述手法，来消隐作者的主观情绪，对叙述距离进行刻意营构，以造成一种距离感。

影片绝大部分故事情节的开展，都是以阿甘的回忆形式来完成的，这就是有效使叙事距离得以生成。

一方面，采用冷静客观叙述手法，让叙述者隐退，使得故事自行展现，作者的主观情绪被消隐，从而造成了作者与故事之间的叙事的一种距离感，这样有利平静客观描述事件；另一方面，主人公“此在”的状态和被追忆的往事在时间上形成了叙述距离，这样使得故事追怀反思的情调得以产生。

这种叙述距离的出现，使得整部电影产生了一种淡淡的诗韵，而这种诗韵正是影片主旨�D�D诗性人生的体现。

对历史情境和人生努力的虚拟化处理是电影的另一个具有重要意义的叙事策略。

用勾勒手法，将美国几十年发生的一系列历史事件勾画出其粗略的时间框架，而让日常的人生景观得以展现；虚拟化处理战争事件，使战争的残酷得以弱化，实现了局部情节和总体艺术风格的协调统一；传奇化处理阿甘的奔跑，展现了阿甘体现人生、关注生活的积极进取的人生价值取向；丹上尉与奋勇搏击风暴的情节体现了不惧灾难，不断抗争、刚强不屈的人生态度，布巴对虾的痴迷，是用寓言式的方式展现了热爱人生和专注生活的人生取向。

从委婉语的交际功能浅谈电影《阿甘正传》段语斐摘要：委婉语指我们日常生活中必不可少的交际方式，当我们在交际过程中遇到一些难以表达或者是不愿意直白说出的情况时，委婉语可以帮助我们避免尴尬，达到交际目的。

语言交际需要双方合作，达成成功交际的愿望，或特定的交际目标。

但有时候由于双方所具备的文化背景，知识水平以及心理状态的差别，有时也有可能造成交际的失败，下面笔者将从委婉语的三大功能以及委婉语交际失败的原因来深入分析《阿甘正传》当中的委婉语。

关键词：交际功能;交际失败;委婉语;阿甘正传美国影片《阿甘正传》，通过对一个智障儿生活经历的描述，从独特的视角展现了美国从50年代至80年代间的重大历史变迁以及人物性格，时代背景和美国文化等多个角度的问题。

时至今日，当我们再次回味这部影片时，发现该影片对于我们的影响并没有减退，依然可以引起人们的遐想和反思。

从语用学的角度出发，该影片中大量的委婉语，常由于阿甘的智力而使委婉语交际失败，但也使得这部影片更加具有深远的意义，耐人寻味，经久不衰。

本文从委婉语使用的交际效果出发，将其分为三大类：避讳功能、礼貌功能，以及掩饰功能。

（1）本文以电影《阿甘正传》为例，浅谈其三大功能以及委婉语交际失败的原因。

一、交际功能（一）避讳功能语言禁忌指那些可能引起恐慌不愉快的语言，人们通常用委婉语来表达。

（2）而在《阿甘正传》这部影片当中，禁忌语的使用主要体现在对于“死”“性”等词的表述上。

在这部影片中，阿甘的母亲用了大量的委婉语来向阿甘描述“死亡”。

当阿甘听到母亲与校长的对话后，阿甘母亲不愿意直接说她的丈夫已经死了，而是用：“on vacation”来代替“死亡”，而阿甘并不知道“vocation”的真正含义，并且询问妈妈：“vacation”是哪里时，他的妈妈解释道：“vacation is when you go somewhere and you dont ever come back.（就是一个你去了永远也回不来的地方）。

电影《阿甘正传》的叙事技巧和语言分析【摘要】电影《阿甘正传》以其精湛的叙事技巧和语言分析赢得了广泛的赞誉。

通过引人入胜的故事情节和令人难忘的角色塑造，该电影深刻展现了人生的起起伏伏和不同命运之间的对比。

叙事技巧在电影中的运用使得观众仿佛置身于故事之中，与主人公阿甘一同经历各种人生挑战和成长。

语言分析也贯穿于整个电影中，通过精准的对话和生动的场景描写，展现了不同角色的性格和情感。

电影《阿甘正传》通过其深刻的内涵和感人的情节，彰显了叙事技巧和语言分析在电影创作中的重要性，为观众留下了深刻的印象，并引起了人们对人生意义和情感体验的思考。

【关键词】电影《阿甘正传》，叙事技巧，语言分析，情节设置，角色塑造，对话，场景描写，内涵，电影创作。

1. 引言1.1 介绍电影《阿甘正传》电影《阿甘正传》是一部1994年上映的美国电影，由导演罗伯特·泽米吉斯执导，主演汤姆·汉克斯。

该电影改编自《阿甘正传》小说，讲述了一个智商不够正常但却拥有坚强意志力和乐观心态的男主角阿甘在人生中的经历和成长故事。

阿甘在电影中经历了各种挫折和困难，却始终乐观向前，最终实现了自己的梦想和追求。

这部电影以其温情感人的剧情和深刻的内涵赢得了广泛的好评和赞誉，成为经典的电影之一。

通过阿甘的故事，电影向观众传达了关于生命、坚持和希望的深刻思考，触动了观众的心灵。

电影《阿甘正传》不仅在票房上取得了成功，更赢得了观众们的喜爱和尊重，成为一部不朽的经典之作。

1.2 阐述叙事技巧的重要性在电影《阿甘正传》中，叙事技巧的重要性不言而喻。

叙事技巧是导演在呈现故事情节和人物形象时所采用的手段和方法，它直接影响着观众对电影的理解和感受。

通过运用恰当的叙事技巧，导演可以有效地引导观众进入电影的世界，加深他们对故事的理解和共鸣，从而达到情感共鸣和思想沟通的效果。

在《阿甘正传》中，导演利用了多种叙事技巧，如倒叙、闪回、对比等手法，来展现主人公阿甘的成长历程和人生轨迹。

电影《阿甘正传》中委婉语的文化透视电影《阿甘正传》是一部感人至深的影片，该片通过主人公阿甘的视角，展现了他与社会、家庭、友谊和爱情之间的纠葛。

影片中运用了大量的委婉语，这些委婉语不仅成为了故事情节的重要组成部分，更反映了当时美国社会的文化背景。

本文旨在通过对《阿甘正传》中委婉语的文化透视，探讨委婉语在影片中的作用以及与文化的关系。

一、委婉语在《阿甘正传》中的使用1. 委婉语在人际交往中的意义委婉语是指通过含蓄、委婉的措辞，表达出某种意思或情感，而避免直接、直率地表达。

在《阿甘正传》中，许多角色使用委婉语以表达情感、道歉或者掩饰事实。

例如，当珍妮对阿甘的爱意不再时，她委婉地说：“阿甘，我们已经长大了，我们不能再继续这样下去了。

”这种委婉的表达方式使得阿甘能够理解，并接受了这个事实，同时也减少了他的伤害。

2. 委婉语与社会地位的关系在影片中，委婉语的使用与角色的社会地位和身份息息相关。

社会地位较高的角色往往使用更多的委婉语，而社会地位较低的角色则更加直接表达。

例如，阿甘的母亲在教育阿甘时，会用比较严厉的语气，直接告诉他一些道理，而上流社会的珍妮却总是用温和的语气和阿甘交流。

这种差异不仅对比了两个角色的社会地位，也凸显了委婉语使用的文化差异。

3. 委婉语反映了美国南方文化的特点《阿甘正传》的故事背景设定在美国南方，南方人文化的特点和口音在电影中得到了很好的体现。

南方人倾向于使用更多的委婉语，这与南方的浪漫、绅士风格紧密相连。

电影中，阿甘的母亲和其他南方人物使用的委婉语常常带有一种温和的调调，使得他们的话语更加让人感到舒适和亲切。

二、委婉语与文化的关系1. 委婉语的文化背景委婉语的使用往往与文化背景息息相关，不同的文化对委婉语的理解和使用有着不同的标准和习惯。

在《阿甘正传》中，通过电影中角色的表演和对话，我们可以看到美国南方文化对委婉语的青睐。

这种文化倾向使得委婉语在南方地区得到广泛应用，成为日常交流中不可或缺的一部分。

从合作原则视角下浅析电影阿甘正传委婉语开题报告
委婉语是人们社会活动中常见的语言现象，也是协调人际关系的重要手段，同时委婉语也有其交际功能。

国内外学者已经发现委婉语与合作原则之间有着紧密的关系，但研究仍然存在缺陷，比如很少关注英语委婉语在特定语境下的交际功能。

因此本文从合作原则角度分析委婉语在电影《阿甘正传》这一特定语境下的交际功能是很有必要的。

本文旨在分析合作原则视角下委婉语在特定语境下的交际功能。

从电影《阿甘正传》中台词违反合作原则的四大原则：数量、质量、关系、行为原则角度分析委婉语的交际功能，关注于委婉语与合作原则的关系以及使用委婉语的动因。

作者通过参阅大量文献和对理论进行深入的研究分析，对《阿甘正传》里典型的语言范例进行了例证研究。

而电影《阿甘正传》为分析委婉语的交际功能提供了一个很好的语境，结合语境，论文还分析出在交际语境与文化语境中使用委婉语的动因以及为了使得交流融洽，人们使用的委婉语违反了合作原则的四大原则。

最终，作者通过理论研究与举例说明相结合的方式，分析出委婉语在语言交际中有如下一些功能：委婉地表达禁忌语，表示礼貌，保护他人面子，掩盖事实等。

研究结果可用于英语教学与跨文化交际，从而减少语用失误和促进文化交流。

电影阿甘正传中委婉语的语用研究电影阿甘正传中委婉语的语用研究引言电影是一种通过影像、声音和语言来传递信息和情感的艺术形式。

委婉语是语言中常用的一种修辞手法，可以使表达更礼貌、更含蓄，并有助于有效地传递信息。

本文将以电影《阿甘正传》为例，探讨其中所使用的委婉语的语用研究。

一、委婉语的定义和特点委婉语是指在表达中使用含蓄、委婉的措辞，以保留或增加表达者与受话者的面子的修辞手法。

委婉语通常使用缓和、积极的语气，通过修饰词、措辞的选择和句法结构等方式来达到委婉的效果。

二、委婉语在《阿甘正传》中的运用《阿甘正传》是一部以主人公阿甘为中心展开的电影，讲述了他不平凡的一生。

通过观察电影中的对话和场景，我们可以发现委婉语的运用非常广泛。

1. 社交场合用语的委婉化在社交场合，人们往往会使用委婉语来表达自己的观点或请求，增加亲和力和友好度。

例如，在阿甘参加学校聚会时，他对其他人的称呼大都使用了尊称，如“先生”、“夫人”，以表达对对方的尊重，并建立友好关系。

2. 意愿的委婉表达委婉语在表达自己的意愿时常常发挥作用。

在电影中，阿甘对珍妮爱慕已久，却不断使用委婉语表达对她的深情。

例如，在他第一次表白时，他并未明确说出自己的爱意，而是说“我想你会很好，珍妮”，委婉地表达了自己的喜欢。

3. 心情的委婉表达委婉语还常常用于在表达自己的心情时，增加情感的柔和度。

在电影中，阿甘身患思维缓慢症，但他在面对艰难时仍然选择用委婉语表达。

例如，在与珍妮的对话中，他说：“我只是有点累了”，委婉地表达了自己内心的痛苦与疲惫。

4. 负面信息的委婉化委婉语不仅可以用于表达正面信息，也可以用于委婉地传递负面信息，增加表达者与受话者之间的和谐。

在电影中，阿甘在与他人交流时，常常用折中的方式来表达负面观点。

例如，在他被抓住投掷物体时，他回答警察说：“那个是我的，我承认错误”，通过委婉语的运用，他保留了自己的面子。

三、委婉语的语用理论解析委婉语作为一种语用现象，可以通过合作原则、面子工作理论和社会文化背景等角度进行解析。

电影《阿甘正传》对白的会话含义分析电影《阿甘正传》对白的会话含义分析电影《阿甘正传》是一部由罗伯特·泽米吉斯执导的电影，于1994年上映。

该片以主人公阿甘的视角，讲述了他如何通过自己的善良和坚持不懈的努力，在人生中取得了巨大的成功和幸福。

在整部电影中，人物之间的对话扮演着非常重要的角色，通过对话展现了片中人物的性格、情感以及主题之间的关系。

本文将从几个经典对白入手，分析其深层含义，以揭示这部电影所表达的主题和价值观。

首先，我们来看一场对话，是阿甘在医院和珍妮对话的场景。

阿甘说：“我想我要回去了。

”珍妮问：“阿甘，你讲的是生活的这么多年，是你要回去？”阿甘回答：“嗯，是呀。

” 这段对话暗示了阿甘想要重新回到过去，回到那些童年的时光里。

他曾经有一个无忧无虑的童年，和珍妮一起快乐的时光，然而，成年后的他经历了无数艰辛和挫折，他感到了人生的辛酸和无奈，渴望回到曾经的单纯和天真。

这段对话凸显了阿甘内心的迷茫和对过去美好时光的向往，表达了对人生意义的思考。

第二个对话是阿甘和他的妈妈在阿甘童年时的对话。

阿甘问：“妈妈，是什么让我们变傻？”阿甘的妈妈回答：“傻是傻做的，傻人有傻福。

”这段对话传达了一个重要的观点，即无论一个人的智商如何，仅仅凭借聪明才智并不足以获得真正的幸福。

阿甘的妈妈告诉他，有时候对事情无知的人反而更容易快乐。

这段对话强调了人生中尽管智慧具有重要价值，但真正的幸福来自于简单和纯真的态度。

接下来的对话来自于阿甘和上尉丹的战争场景。

当上尉丹受伤趴在地上时，阿甘对他说：“上尉，我们被套牢了。

”上尉回答：“走，阿甘，走！”这段对话揭示了勇气和坚持不懈的重要性。

阿甘并不是一个聪明的人，但他具备着极大的意志力和不屈不挠的精神。

他和上尉丹一起面对艰难的情况，但依然选择不放弃，勇往直前。

这段对话传达了一个观点，即只要我们保持勇气和永不言败的精神，就有可能克服一切困难。

最后，我们来看一段重要的对话，发生在阿甘和珍妮在公正大学的校园草坪上。