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邯郸学院外国语学院School of Foreign Languages of Handan College论文题目：英语新闻标题修辞的翻译Title：C hinese Translation Methods of Rhetoric Devices inEnglish News Headlines专业：英语指导教师：么么么班级：么么么么么么么么么么学号：么么么么么么姓名：么么么日期：么么么么么么么么吗吗Literature ReviewIn order to have a more complete picture about the issues, the author decides first to do a state-of-the-art type study, and then see what has happened in this area over the past 10 years. The translating strategies of rhetorical devices of English headlines have been paid more attention and many researchers have made extensive exploration on them.Eugene A. Nida puts forward the functional Equivalence in his book of Language and Culture: Translation Context in 2001. First of all, a minimal, realistic definition of functional equivalence: the readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciated it. Secondly, purpose of functional equivalence: the readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did. He gives his ideas that it will be better for a word to have the true meaning in specific language context.In addition, in Text Analysis in Translation, published in 2006, Christiane Nord also indicates that translation is the production of a functional target which maintains a relationship with a given source text. And the source text is translated according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. From his theories, it can be easily shown that enough attention should be paid to the target text and the source text.In English Rhetorical Options, published in 1995, Feng Cuihua presents us a variety of rhetoric devices and gives us a lot of magazine examples, which offers much help to the research of this subject. It not only gives some examples from classical English and American literature, but also from modern magazines. What’s more, the rhetoric devices he applied are the most typical ones, which we often use in our daily writing.In The Arts of News Headlines, published in 1998, Zhang Zhijun and Xu Jianhua classify news titles into real titles and virtual titles. The real titles reflect the facts and experience actually while the virtual titles stress on telling the truth and principles or expressing the opinions and expectations of the editor. Generally speaking, the true titles often are applied in the titles of news papers, so the author puts more discussions on them.In―Rhetoric Art and Pragmatic Value of News Title‖, published in 2001,Yang Xiaohongclassifies the figures used in news titles into four types: the figures for emphasizing meaning, which can give prominence to the meaning of news titles and give a profound impression on people; the figures for stressing manner, which can strengthen the manner of speaking with a unique influence; the figures for increasing imagery, which can make the news titles vital and imaginable with sensibility; the figures for adding temperament and interest, which can make the news titles humorous, implicit as well as sprightly with a novel feature. She also tells that the pragmatic value of the figures in news titles is studied from the perspective of the rhetoric pragmatic function.Lin Lin in ―English Analysis and Chinese Translation Methods of English News Titles‖, published in 2004, states that if we want to understand the meaning of the news title, first we must read the whole passage to know what it wants to tell us. She says when translating English new headlines, translators should pay attention to the similarities and differences between English new headlines and the Chinese ones. On the basis of faithfulness and smoothness, translators also need to use all kinds of translation techniques flexibly and translation should be accordant with the Chinese expression and reading habits. Sometimes, we cannot find the proper expressions in Chinese, and then we should get the title according to the content.Zhang Peifang says that we need certain methods to refine knowledge base to get a successful translation in―English Rhetoric Translation: a Functional Perspective‖, published in 2006. She also states that Nida’s functional equivalence, a ―meaning –based‖approach to translation one that looks for functional equivalence rather than formal resemblance in translation. At the same time she also points out that the integration of concrete cases and Nida’s theory may ensure the correct direction of English rhetoric translation and in turns reduces the difficulty and complexity of the rhetoric appreciation and translation.Lin Yan probes into English news headlines on the grammatical levels in ―grammatical characteristics and translation‖, published in 2006. She first gives a description of the position of headlines. Then she expatiates on the features of English news headlines on the grammatical levels with supporting examples from first-hand sources. She analyses the characteristics of headlines and translation tactics from three aspects: terse characteristics, musical characteristics and humorous characteristics. She applies those tactics to achieve a desired effect of humor and phnology.In ―Fuzzy Rhetoric and Translation‖, published in 2007, Cao Limei states there is more or less disparity between English and Chinese fuzzy rhetoric owning to linguistic; cultural factors and thought patterns, literal translation plus footnotes, free translation, paraphrase, substitution, amplification are recommended according to specific translation situations. For language difference or culture default that is unconquerable, omission is more advisable than far-fetched rendition to ensure the smoothness of the translation.In ―Rhetoric and Translation of the Title of English News‖ published in 2008, Tao Yukang indicates that as far as the title of English news is concerned, there is a close relationship between its translation and rhetoric. He said that thanks to the application of rich rhetorical methods, many titles of English news achieved unimaginable and wonderful effect. In translating the title of English news, in order to make the translated title and the original basically identical from the perspective of rhetoric, we should reflect the rhetorical features of the original as much as possible.To sum up, different researches have different viewpoints. Many scholars have done a lot of researches. Most of them give researches on different aspects of the English news titles such as lexical, fuzzy rhetoric, characteristics and so on. All of these can give more support to the later study, there are still more research areas need further study. The author will make a research from different aspects on the rhetorical devices appear in news headlines.Existing ProblemsDespite of all the researches done in miscellaneous areas, based on the results of some initial reading and personal reflection, the author finds there are still some problems have not been solved in this field. The study on rhetorical devices concentrates on their functions, the translation under functional equivalence and differences between English news headlines and Chinese ones. Since English news headlines have their own unique features, as much as attention must be paid to them. Besides, these theses usually give a research on only one aspect and lack of complete and thorough discussions on the analysis of the translations of rhetorical devices of the English news headlines.BibliographyNewmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.—. A Textbook of Translation[M]. London: Prentice Hall, 2005.Nida, Eugene A. and Jan de Waard. From One Language to Anothe r[M]. New York: Thomas Inc, 1986.Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture, and Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993.—.Language and Culture: Context in Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained[M].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.—. Text Analysis in Translation[M]. 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