下载文档原格式
新概念英语第四册知识点整理一、重点词汇1、verbals（动词）名词化动词：即是名词又是动词，如：survival，advice，crisis动名词：动词的ing形式，如：writing，reading不定式：动词的to do形式，如：to write，to read2、elliptical sentences（省略句）省略主语：常常是祈使句，如：Go to the window.省略宾语：常常是介词短语或名词，如：With the help of my teacher.3、inverted sentences（倒装句）疑问句：助动词在主语前，如：Do you like English？强调句：助动词在主语前，如：It is I.4、participles（分词）现在分词：表示正在进行的动作或状态，如：reading，writing过去分词：表示已经完成的动作或状态，如：written，read5、conditional sentences（条件句）if条件句：if+主语+动词+其他，如：If I have time，I will go.虚拟条件句：if+主语+had done+其他，如：If I had known，I would have told you.6、relative clauses（定语从句）who，whom，whose，that，which等引导的定语从句，如：The book which I read is called 'The Catcher in the Rye'.7、gerunds（动名词短语）动名词短语作名词用，如：Reading is an important skill.8、comparative and superlative（比较级和最高级）比较级和最高级形式的变化规则和普通形容词相同，如：more beautiful，most beautiful.9、impersonal passives（无人称被动语态）表示没有明确的主语或动作执行者的情况，如：It is said that…据说…10、reported speech（间接引语）转述别人的话或文字时使用间接引语的形式，如：He said that he would go to the party.他说他会去参加聚会。
新概念英语全四册词汇详解一、引言《新概念英语》作为英语学习的经典教材，其全四册的词汇覆盖广泛，涉及众多英语语言的常用词、短语、习语及固定搭配等。
掌握这些词汇对于提高英语综合能力至关重要。
本文将详细解析全四册的词汇，帮助学习者更好地理解和运用这些词汇，为进一步提高英语水平打下坚实的基础。
二、词汇解析1. 基础词汇：在《新概念英语》全四册中，基础词汇占据了相当大的比例。
这些词汇是构成英语语言的基本元素，需要反复练习和巩固。
例如，一些常用词如“apple”，“banana”，“orange”等，需要熟悉其基本含义和用法，并能够在实际语境中灵活运用。
2. 词组搭配：英语中的词组搭配往往有其特定的含义和用法，需要特别注意。
例如，“by bus”表示“乘公共汽车”，“on foot”表示“步行”等。
这些词组搭配需要结合上下文进行理解，并在实际使用中注意其准确性和恰当性。
3. 复杂词汇：在《新概念英语》全四册中，一些高级词汇和短语为文章增色不少。
这些词汇的学习需要结合语境进行理解，并通过阅读、写作等实践方式进行巩固和提高。
例如，“fascinating”表示“迷人的”，“unprecedented”表示“空前的”等。
4. 易混淆词汇：英语中存在一些易混淆的词汇，如“complaint”和“compliment”，“involve”和“encompass”等。
这些词汇需要仔细区分其含义和用法，以避免在使用中出现错误。
5. 文化背景词汇：在《新概念英语》全四册中，还有一些与特定文化背景相关的词汇。
这些词汇的学习有助于更好地理解文章的文化内涵，提高跨文化交际能力。
例如，“Easter”和“Halloween”的区别，“Christmas tree”和“New Year tree”的不同含义等。
三、学习策略1. 制定学习计划：制定详细的学习计划，合理安排学习时间，确保每天都有一定的词汇学习任务。
可以将学习任务分解为小的目标，逐步积累词汇量。
新概念英语第四册知识点整理第一部分：语法点1. 一般现在时和现在进行时一般现在时用于描述经常性的、习惯性的动作或状态，现在进行时则用于描述正在进行的动作。
例如：- I usually go to the park on Sundays. （我通常在星期天去公园。
）- She is watching TV right now. （她正在看电视。
）2. 祈使句祈使句用于表达命令、建议、请求等，一般省略主语"you"。
例如：- Sit down. （坐下。
）- Please close the window. （请关窗。
）3. 定冠词和不定冠词定冠词 "the" 用于特指某个人或物，不定冠词 "a" 或 "an" 用于泛指一个人或物。
例如：- The dog is barking. （那只狗在叫。
）- I saw a cat in the garden. （我在花园里看见了一只猫。
）4. 可数名词和不可数名词可数名词表示可以计数的事物，可以用数词修饰；不可数名词表示不可分割的事物，不能用数词修饰。
例如：- There are three books on the table. （桌子上有三本书。
）- I have some milk in the fridge. （冰箱里有一些牛奶。
）5. 过去式和过去分词过去式用于过去的单一事件，过去分词用于完成时态和被动语态中。
例如：- He did his homework yesterday. （他昨天做了作业。
）- The letter was sent by him. （这封信是他寄的。
）第二部分：词汇点1. 常见动词短语- take off（脱下）- put on（穿上）- look after（照顾）- give up（放弃）- look for（寻找）2. 常见形容词和副词- happy（快乐的）- sad（悲伤的）- beautiful（美丽的）- quickly（快速地）- slowly（慢慢地）3. 人称代词的主格和宾格形式- 主格形式：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they- 宾格形式：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them 4. 常见连词- and（和）- but（但是）- or（或者）- because（因为）- so（所以）5. 常见短语和惯用表达- How are you?（你好吗？）- Thank you.（谢谢。
新概念第四册词汇Lesson1 (P6)1.Fossil man2.Recount 叙述3.Saga 英雄故事4.Legend5.Migration6.Anthropologist 人类学家7.Archaeologist8.Ancestor9.Polynesian10.Indonesia11.Flint 燧石12.Rot 烂掉Lesson2 (P12)1.Beast 野兽2.acre3.census 统计数据4.contentLesson3 (P18)1.Matterhorn 马特霍恩峰2.Alpinist 登山运动员3.Pioneer4.Summit5.Attain 到达6.Perilous 危险的7.Shudder 不寒而栗8.Court9.Solitary 唯一的10.Impoverish 使贫困11.Alpine12.Flea-ridden 布满跳蚤的13.Coarse 粗劣的14.Boast 自持有15.Parishioner 教区居民16.Shepherd17.Linen 亚麻布单床18.The AlpsLesson4 (P24)1.Solid2.Safe 保险柜3.Ulyanovsk 乌里扬诺夫斯克4.Opaque 透明的5.Lotto6.Slipper7.Blindfold 被蒙上眼睛的Lesson5 (P30)8.Leave 允许9.Fundamentals10.Glorious11.Splendid12.Rub 难题13.Identity14.Dreary 沉郁的mitment 信奉16.Mean17.Social climber18.Devotion 热爱19.Cosmic 宇宙的20.Suburban 见识不广的21.Conceited 自高自大的22.Presumptuous 自以为是的23.Fatuous 愚蠢的24.Cliché陈词滥调Lesson6 (P35)1.Goodwill 友好2.cricket3.inclination 意愿4.contesty 放荡6.deduce 推断petitive8.patriotism9.disgrace10.savage 野性的bative 好斗的12.mimic warfare 模拟战争13.behavior14.absurdLesson7 (P42)1.bat 蝙蝠2.strictly3.utilitarian 实用的4.appreciation5.obstruction 障碍物6.elapse 消逝7.hull 船体8.interval 间隔9.receipt10.apparatus仪器11.shoal 鱼群12.herring 鲱鱼13.cod 鳕鱼14.squeak 尖叫声Lesson8 (P48)1.slaughter 屠宰2.fit3.grace4.tariff5.standard6.dialysis 透析,分解7.electrocute 使触电身亡8.eliminate9.accord 协议10.device 器械11.hammer out 推敲12.pact 条约,公约Lesson9 (P54)1.espionage 间谍活动2.Alfred3.Danish4.Minstrel中世纪的吟游歌手5.Wondering6.Harp 竖琴7.Ballad 民歌8.Acrobatic 杂技的9.Conjuring 魔术10.Thither 向那里11.Dane12.Slack 涣散的13.Conqueror14.Casual 马虎的15.Precaution 预防,警惕16.Proceeds 所得17.Assemble 集合18.Trivial 微不足道的19.Prolonged 持久的missariat 军粮供应21.Episode 片断22.Epic 史诗23.Harry 骚扰24.Assail 袭击25.Skirmish 小规模战斗Lesson10 (P59)1.silicon2.integrated 综合的3.circuit 电路4.California5.Workstation6.Chip7.Newsletter 事实通讯8.Macintosh 苹果机9.Penalize 处罚10.Customize 按顾客具体需求制造11.Spawn 引起12.Thrive 兴旺13.Anarchy 混乱14.Oriental15.Constitute16.Drove 群17.Innovator 发明者18.Forge 发展19.Memory-chip 内存条20.AT&T 美国电话电报公司21.Kansas 堪萨斯22.Missouri 密苏里Lesson11 (P66)1.oppress2.justification3.justifiably 无可非议地4.cheat5.abject 可怜的6.ignoble7.impersonal 超脱个人感情影响的8.ego 自我9.recede 退去10.increasingly11.passionately12.painlessly 毫无痛苦的13.vitality 精力14.weariness 疲惫感Lesson12 (P71)1.current2.account3.cash4.cheque5.debtor 借方6.creditor 代方7.obligationplication 纠纷9.debit10.specimen11.forge 伪造12.forgery13.adopt14.facilitate 使便利Lesson13 (P77)1.mineral2.boring 钻孔3.derrick 井架4.block and tackle 滑轮组5.haul 拖,拉6.rotate 使转动7.cutting bit 钻头8.geologist 地质学家9.coring bit 取芯钻头10.cylinder 圆柱体11.strata 岩层12.circulate 注入,环流13.gusher 喷油井Lesson14 (P82)1.forecast2.speculative 推测的3.blizzard 暴风雨4.deteriorate 恶化5.multiply6.cascade 瀑布似地落下7.turbulent 狂暴的8.dust devil 小尘暴9.squall 暴风10.eddy 漩涡11.grid 坐标方格12.sensor 传感器13.humidity 湿度14.meteorologist 气象学家15.Princeton16.New Jersey17.Fluctuation18.Deviation 偏差Lesson15 (P88)1.secrecy2.effectiveness3.inquiry4.positive5.process 过程6.patent 专利7.agent 情报人员Lesson16 (P93)1.physiological生理的2.maximum3.consideration4.descendant5.artificial6.impose7.dimension 直径8.skyscraper9.tenant10.civilized11.banal 平庸的12.luxury13.deprive14.monstrous 畸形的15.edifice 大厦16.toxic 有毒的17.ceaselessly 不停地18.throng 挤满Lesson17 (P98)1.settlement 新拓居地2.enterprising 有事业心的3.settler4.Antipodes 新西兰和澳大利亚5.Promiscuous 杂乱的6.Abandon7.Overrun 蔓延8.Devastation 破坏9.Burrow 挖掘10.Susceptible 易受感染的11.Virus12.Myxomatosis13.Infect14.Epidemic15.Mosquito16.Carrier17.Exterminate 消灭18.Ironically 蔑视地19.Bequeath 把…传给20.Pest 害虫21.Pestilence 瘟疫22.Confine23.Domesticate 驯养Lesson18 (P104)1.Porpoise 海豚2.mariner3.shark4.formation5.dolphin6.unconscious7.beaver 海狸8.ashore 上岸9.waterlogged 浸满是的10.scent 香味11.ensue 接着发生12.intrigue 引起兴趣13.indignity 侮辱14.snout 口鼻部15.shove 硬推16.aquaplane 驾浪滑水板17.oceanarium 水族馆18.swoop 猛扑19.belly20.equilibrium 平衡21.butt 碰撞22.crack 重击Lesson19 (P111)1.speculation 推测2.literally 确实3.odd 奇特的4.tissue 组织5.plausible 似乎有理的6.hypothesis7.electroencephalograph脑电图仪8.electrode 电极9.psychiatrist 神经病学家10.punctuate 不时介入的11.jerky 急动的12.disorder13.implication 表明Lesson20 (P115)1.saliva 唾液2.digestive3.defy 事不可能4.analysis5.prey 被捕食的动物6.fierce7.tussle 扭打8.carnivore 食肉动物9.vertebrate 脊椎动物10.lizard 蜥蜴11.concoct 调制12.potency 效力13.conversion 转变14.arsenic 砒霜15.strychnine 马钱子碱16.mamba 树眼睛蛇17.cobra 眼镜蛇18.venom 毒液19.neurotoxic 毒害神经的20.viper 蝰蛇21.adder 蝮蛇22.rattlesnake 响尾蛇23.haemolytic 溶血性的24.viperine 毒蛇的Lesson21 (P121)1.supreme 首屈一指的2.protagonist 主角3.outlaw 逃犯4.framed 遭到陷害的5.vicious 恶毒的6.mythology 神话7.vanished 消失的8.absurd9.arena 竞技场地10.encroaching 渐渐渗入的11.Indian12.Bewilder 使手足无惜的13.Alien14.Taboo15.Disinherit 剥夺…继承权16.Undeclared17.Hypocrisy 伪善18.Chicanery 诈骗19.Impending 迫近的20.Immolation 杀戮21.Code 准则Lesson22 (P128)1.Loom 赫然耸起2.Manifest 明显的3.Morality 道德municationpound 复合的6.Enhance 增进7.Tempo 速率8.Trickle 涓涓细流9.Torrent 滔滔洪流10.Humanity11.indifferently12.grimly 恐怖地13.whimsical怪诞的14.shatter 毁坏15.twofold 双重的Lesson23 (P133)1.albatross 信天翁2.sustenance 支撑力3.glider 滑翔者4.harness 利用5.endow6.ply 不断地供给7.gale 大风8.partridge 鹧鸪9.like 类似的10.propulsion 推进力11.utter 完全的12.slip 滑行13.adverse 逆的14.omen 预兆Lesson24 (P138)1.intense 强烈的2.aesthetic审美的3.realm 世界4.serenity 静谧5.undeniable6.indefinable 模糊不清的7.vulgar 平庸的8.radiance 发光9.intimation 暗示10.unutterable 不可言传的11.invest 赋予Lesson25 (P149)1.auditory 听觉的2.inadequate 不适当的3.plea 要求4.abatement 减少5.discredit 怀疑6.allegation 断言7.caption 插图说明8.wreck 残废人9.snag 障碍10.anecdote11.slander 绯闻12.persecute 迫害13.squadron 中队14.psychiatric 神经病学的15.diagnosis 诊断16.orphanage 孤儿院Lesson26 (P155)1.preservation 保存2.silt 淤泥3.scavenger 食腐动物4.vole 野鼠5.decompose 腐烂6.inaccessible 不能到达的7.crevasse 缝隙8.Siberian 西伯利亚9.Palaeontological 古生物学的10.St.Petersburg 圣彼得堡11.Sabre-toothed12.Venture 冒险13.Bogged 陷于困境的Lesson27 (P160)1.Galleon 大型帆船2.Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩3.Flagship 旗舰4.Imperial 帝国的5.Hurricane 飓风6.Armament 军械7.Triple 三层的8.Mount 架有9.Bronze10.Cannon 加农炮11.Might 力量12.Ferment 激动不安13.Ornament 装饰14.Riot 丰富15.Demon 恶魔16.Mermaid 美人鱼17.Cherub 小天使18.Zoomorphic 兽行的19.Ablaze 光彩的20.Portray 绘制21.Drifting 弥漫的22.Churn 翻滚23.Pennant 三角旗24.Superstructure25.majestic26.muzzle 炮口27.freshen 变强28.squall 狂风29.list 倾斜30.port 左舷31.ordnance 军械32.heave 拖33.starboard 有舷34.counteract 抵消35.steepen 变得更陡峭36.ballast 压舱物37.inrush 水的涌入38.Baltic 波罗的海Lesson28 (P166)1.Skeptical 怀疑的2.Forefather3.Fervently 热情地4.Curative 治病的5.Astronomical 天文学的6.Tangible 实实在在的7.Remedy 药物8.Ointment 药膏9.Prescribe 开药方10.Indisposition 小病11.Disgusting12.InconvenienceLesson29 (P172)1.Hovercraft 气垫船2.Cushion 坐垫3.Ring 围4.Solent 苏格兰海峡5.Sensation 轰动6.Dune 沙丘7.Plantation 种植园8.Hovertrain 气垫火车Lessson30 (P177)1.Navigation 航海2.Sounding 水深度3.Fathom4.Porcupine 将猪5.Dredge 挖掘6.Expedition 远征7.Physicist 物理学家8.Magnitude 很多9.Topography 地形10.Crust 地壳11.Rugged 崎岖不平的12.Tableland 高地13.Sediment 沉淀物14.Terrace 阶地15.Erode 侵蚀Lesson31 (P183) 1.color-blind 色盲的2.perception 知觉prehend 理解4.spatial 空间的5.visualize6.reminiscence 回忆,联想7.tadpole 蝌蚪8.mushroom9.carrot10.bud 花蕾rk 云雀dybird 瓢虫13.bulrush 芦苇Lesson32 (P188)1.controversy 争论2.dust 纠纷3.clash 冲突4.Inquisition 宗教法庭5.Perspective 观点6.Despise 蔑视7.Aristotelian 亚里士多德学派的人8.Aristotle 亚里士多德9.Ptolemy 托勒密10.Leaning Tower of Pisa11.Generalize 归纳12.Undercurrent 潜流13.Theoretical 理论上的14.Potentiality 潜能15.Intimate 详尽的16.Familiarity 熟悉17.Culpable 应受谴责的18.Spiral 螺旋状的19.Nebula星云20.Scratch 擦痕21.Contrivance 器械22.Distort 歪曲Lesson33 (P195)1.Adverse 不利的2.Purchasable 可买的3.Preacher 传教士4.Defendant 被告5.outlook6.capacity7.democratic8.tribal 部落的9.tribe10.illiteratepulsory12.deem13.means 手段,财产14.hamper 妨碍15.savannah 大草原16.juvenile 青少年的17.delinquency 犯罪Lesson34 (P201)1.adolescence2.slur 诋毁3.adolescent4.disloyalty5.spiteful 怀恨的6.disillusionment 幻灭感7.evaluation8.infallibility 一贯正确9.resent 怨恨10.sincerity 诚挚11.Victorian12.Retreat 后退13.Unreasoning 不凭理智的14.Authoritarian 专制的15.Cow 吓唬Lesson35 (P207)1.hub2.lunar 月球的3.oxygen 氧气4.Apollo 阿波罗5.Accelerate 加速6.Terrestrial 地球的7.Permanently 永久地8.Fascination 魅力9.Senior 年长的10.Chasm 裂口11.Canyon 峡谷Lesson36 (P213)1.Disunited 分裂的2.Correspondingly 相应地3.Backward 落后的4.Incur 承担5.Administer 管理6.Administrative 行政管理的7.Analogous 相似的8.Overheads 一般费用9.Initiative 主动10.Checker 检查人员11.Foreman 监工12.Dividend 红利13.Unduly 过度地Lesson37 （P218）1.Likelihood 可能性2.Infant 婴儿3.Vulnerable 脆弱的4.Imperceptible 感觉不到的5.Steep 急转直下6.Ageing 老化7.Odds 可能性8.Virtual 实际上的9.Robust 强健的anism11.thermodynamics 热力学12.moot 争论未决的13.run-down 破旧的14.friction 摩擦Lesson38 (P223)1.contamination 污染2.sanitation 卫生设备3.sewage 污水4.leakage 泄露5.intermittent 间歇的6.carbonated 碳化的7.acidic 酸性的8.alcohol9.disinfectant 消毒剂10.sterilize 消毒11.ethanol 乙醇12.bactericidal13.negligible 微不足道的14.methylatedLesson39 (P228)1.confess 承认2.inspiration 灵感3.Kashmir 克什米尔4.Interweave 交织5.Afresh 重新6.Discern 领悟7.Indescribable8.Blur 使…模糊不清9.Yeast 激动10.Fathom 领悟11.Interminably 没完没了地12.Winkle 挖掘13.Incidentally 顺便说一下14.Pertinent 中肯的15.Flirt 调情16.Inmost 内心深处的Lesson40 (P234)1.Signature 签名2.Infinity3.Ray4.Energize 给与…能量5.Rhythm 节奏6.Transmit 传送7.Exquisite 高雅的8.Phenomenon 现象9.Crest 浪峰10.Though 波谷11.Vertical 垂直的12.Horizontal 水平的13.Actuality 现实14.Catastrophic 大灾难的15.Particle 微粒16.Maturity 成熟17.Undulate 波动,形成波浪18.Tremor 震旦19.Gravitational 地心吸引力的Lesson41 (P241)1.Technique 技术2.Tough 强硬的3.Resentful 愤恨不满的4.Assign5.Mahout 驯象的人6.Calf 幼仔7.Pine 消瘦8.Underline 强调9.keep10.subservient 屈从的11.plunge 向前冲12.tame 养驯服了的13.tether 拴14.ticklish 棘手的15.alarming16.accompaniment 伴奏17.soothe 镇定18.chant 单调的歌19.reinforce 加强20.endearing 惹人喜爱的21.epithet 称呼22.susceptible 易受感动的23.blandishment 奉承sh 猛烈地甩25.curl 使卷曲Lesson42 (P246)1.earthquake2.slumber 睡眠3.ninepin 木柱4.rigid 坚硬的5.delicate 灵敏的6.seismometer 地震仪7.penholder 笔杆8.legibly 字迹清晰地9.drum 鼓状物10.wriggle 扭动11.bluebottle 绿头苍蝇12.graph 图表13.graphic 图示的14.longitudinal 纵向的15.transverse 横向的Lesson43 (P252)1.mercury 水星2.hydrogen 氢气3.prevailing 普遍的4.radio astronomer 射电天文学家5.uniquely 唯一地6.rational 合理的7.radio frequency8.megacycle9.emission 散发10.intersteller 星际的11.rendezvous 约会地点12.encounter 相遇Lesson44 (P258)monplace 平凡的2.aberrant 异常的3.trivial 微不足道的4.predominant 占优势的5.manifest 表明6.pristine 质朴的7.stereotype 陈规8.vernacular 方言9.accommodation 适应10.incumbent 有责任的11.proposition 主张12.preferential 优先的13.controversial 引起争论的14.cactus 仙人掌15.termite 白蚁16.nebula 星云17.variant 不同的18.barbarian 野蛮的19.pagan 异教徒20.sophistication 老练21.premise 前提22.supernatural 超自然的Lesson45 (P264)1.dispute 争论2.mosquito3.subdue 征服4.drainage 下水系统5.envision 预想6.Morocco 摩洛哥titude 纬度8.Heretic 异教徒9.Conceive 想象10.Suffice 足够11.Nuclear12.Original 有独到见解的Lesson46 (P269)1.Gifted2.psychologist3.spasm (感情)发作4.futile 无用的5.insinuate 暗示6.convulsive 起痉挛的7.illumination 启发8.undue 不适当的9.grip 紧张10.recuperation 休息11.improvise 临时作战12.sedulously 孜孜不倦地13.vivify 使生气勃勃的14.aggravate 加剧15.trifling 微小的16.gratify 使满意17.caprice 任性18.satiation 满足19.avenge 替…报复20.boredom 厌烦21.clatter 喧闹的谈话22.sustenance 生计23.appetite24.grudge 怨恨25.absorbing 引人入胜的26.banish 放弃,排除Lesson47 (P275)1.assumption 假定2.manoeuvre 移动3.myriad 无数的4.paradox 自相矛盾的5.cynic 愤世嫉俗的6.sociologist7.shun 避开8.affluent 富有的9.chambermaid 女招待员10.boo 呸的一声11.maitred-hotel 总管12.snobbery 势力13.hierarchy14.entail 使…成为必要15.inclement 险要的16.package tour 一栏子计划17.insularity 偏狭18.cater19.exclusively 排他的20.cosmopolitan 世界的21.preponderance 优势22.overwhelmingly 压倒性优势23.patronage 恩惠24.sauerkraut 泡菜25.vie 竞争26.municipality 市政当局27.itinerant 巡回者28.heath 荒地29.alienate 使…疏远30.eternal 永久的Lesson48 (P280)1.portfolio 投资组合2.tipster 情报贩子s Vegas4.Fritter 挥霍,浪费5.Reputable 享有盛誉的6.Broker7.Finance8.Mortgage9.Pension 养老金10.Priority11.Gilt 金边证券12.Convertible 可换证券13.Sanguine 乐观的14.Heady 令人陶醉的15.Alongside16.Pedestrian 乏味的5/23/2009 9:13:03 PM 6/4/2009 9:18:15 PM。
新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson16:The Search for the EarthL16 The Search for the Earth's MineralsThe deepest holes of all are made for oil,and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of th. ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coringbit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen he strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil,it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from gas or water,is pushing it. This pressure must be under control,and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.。
新概念英语第四册惯用语整理Lesson4~6新概念英语第四册惯用语整理Lesson41.concern vt.1.关于，涉及，牵涉2.关心，挂念 n.1.关怀，关心的事 2.利害关系matters of concern 关注的事情，问题(things that attract attention and care)例句：The purpose of the survey was to discover the views of the students on a number of mattters of personal concerm.这项研究的目的是要调查学生们对一些个人所关注问题的看法。
2.done v. do的过去式和过去分词after/when all is said and done 经过慎重考虑之后，经过深思熟虑之后(after all the various opinions, arguments, etc.，have been taken into account; when everything has been considered)例句：Although they experienced several times of frustration in their family life; after all is said and done, Sam and Sally determined to maintain their marriaga.虽然他们的家庭生活经历了几次挫折.但是经过慎重考虑之后，山姆和萨丽还是决定维持他们的婚姻。
be done (with) 完成.做完了(参见be finished with, be through with)1.A:I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.A:我把最后一页打完了，我就全做完了。
Lesson 1 A private conversation一语音/r/There is no royal road to learning学无坦途A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林A fair death honors the whole life.死得其所，流芳百世A good fame is better than a good face.美名胜过美貌All rivers run into sea.海纳百川All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马GA: General AmericanRP: Received Pronunciation规律：1 单词完整性不被破坏的情况下，单词里出现了r字母，美音发/r/ ，英音则不发/r/2 如果单词无r字母，英音美音都不发/r/二构词法priv单个private a. 私人的privatly ad. 私人地privacy n 私生活；独处privilege n 特权v给予特权deprive v 剥夺，夺去con/com 共同，一起vert/vers 转converation n 谈话verse n 诗，韵文vertical a. 垂直的，竖立的convert v 变换，转换，改变conversion n 转变转换converse vi 谈话n相反的事物，倒行，a 相反的，颠倒的convertible a 可改变的，可自由兑换的inconvertible a不能变换的，不能兑换的三单词private 私人的一. 内容不足为大家知道的love is a quite private thing.A: How much money you make a year.B: Oh, this is very private. Do you have an interest in me or in my money/ are you interested in me or in my money文中年轻人的谈话是a private conversation，因为内容是love“go-between” “match-maker” 牵线人She asked to see you in private. 要求私下见你There is cooperation between the two businesses. And I am the go-between. 两家企业有合作，我是牵线人。
Part of 名词（名词决定单复数）| hand down 传给| from generation to generation 一代代None of 3个以上的人或物| no one 人| 回答时none 回答数量no one 没人| neither .. nor .. 首位时主谓要倒装neither has he heard from her yer nor will he do so before long. | fortunately,happily ,luckily | census 调查| should 表示惊奇或怀疑时译成“竟然”“怎么会”| owe .. to ..为。
感激，把。
归功于。
If I have improved in any way,I owe it all to my wife.| do harm to sb/sth 对某人物造成损害smoking does harm to one’s health.| on behalf of / on someone’s behalf 代表某人（利益）| be engaged in sth 从事于，忙于| this article is on law.on关于| 当先行词既有人又有物时，用that ,先行词指物的all,little,few,much,none,the first时，用that ，先行词是不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything,用that ，先行词被any,only,all,every,no,some,much,few,little,序数词，最高级,the only ,the one,the very,the right,the last修饰时，用that | attain 到达| perilous 危险的| solitary 唯一的| wash down 吞下| coarse 粗糙的| make a boast of 夸耀/ boast about / of | try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事| early 早期的| look for 寻找find 找到| be equipped with 配备| nowadays | It is + adj + for someone to do 某人干某事是。
L1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.New words and expressionsrecount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
【导语】新概念英语作为家喻户晓的经典之作，它有着全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容及其全⾯的技能训练，为⼴⼤的英语学习者提供帮助！如果你也想学好英语，⼜怎能错过新概念英语？下⾯⽆忧考为您提供了相关内容，希望对您有所帮助！ 36New words and expressions ⽣词和短语 disunited adj. 分裂的 correspondingly adv. 相应地 backward adj. 落后的 incur v. 承担 administer v. 管理 adminstrative adj. ⾏政管理的 analogous adj. 类似的 overheads n. ⼀般费⽤ initiative n. 主动，积极性 checker n. 检查⼈员 foreman n. 监⼯ dividend n. 红利 unduly adv. 过度地 37New words and expressions ⽣词和短语 likelihood n. 可能性 infant n. 婴⼉ vulnerable adj. 脆弱 imperceptible adj. 感觉不到的 steep adj. 急转直下 ageing n. ⽼化 odds n. 可能性 virtual adj. 实际上的 robust adj. 强健的 organism n. 有机体 thermodynamics n. 热⼒学 moot adj. 争论未决的 run-down adj. 破旧的 friction n. 摩擦 38New words and expressions ⽣词和短语 contamination n. 污染 sanitation n. 卫⽣，卫⽣设备 sewage n. 污⽔ leakage n. 泄漏 intermittent adj. 间歇的，断断续续的 carbonated adj. 碳化的，碳酸的 acidic adj. 酸的，酸性的 alcohol n. 酒精 disinfectant n. 消毒剂 sterilize v. 消毒 ethanol n. ⼄醇 bactericidal adj. 杀菌的 negligible adj. 可以忽略的，微不⾜道的 methylated adj. 加⼊甲醇的。
abandon n.放任，纵情abatement n.减少abbey n.修道院aberrant a.脱离常轨的abject a.卑下的ablaze a.闪耀的abolition n.废除abominable a.可恶的abrupt a.突然的absorb vt.吸收；并入absorbing a.引人入胜的absurd a.荒唐的absurdity n.荒唐absurdly ad.荒诞地abundant a.充裕的academically biased a.偏向于书本知识的acceleration n.增加速度accidental a.意外的accommodation n.适应accomodate vt.容纳accord vt.给予accordingly ad.因而accrue vi.增长accumulation n.积累accuracy n.精确，准确ache vi.作痛acre n.英亩acrobatic a.杂技的act n.法令act n.法案acute a.敏锐的adder n.蝰蛇adequacy n.能力adjust vt.使适应(与to连用) administer vt.管理administration n.管理administration n.下药administrative n.行政管理的administrator n.管理人员adolescence n.青年时代adolesent n.青少年advance n.进击advance n.显著改进adverse a.不利的adverse a.逆的balloon-borne a.气球运载的banal a.陈腐的banish vt.从脑中排除banker n.银行家barbarian n.野蛮人barbarous a.野蛮的barely ad.仅仅barge n.驳船bargemaster n.驳船船主barrio n.大城市郊外base vt.把...基于baseball n.棒球basically ad.基本上basketwork n.枝条编织物bat n.蝙蝠battlefield n.战场beast n.兽beaver n.海狸behave vi.行动being n.存在belly n.腹部benefaction n.捐款bequeath vt.把...传给bewilder vt.使手足无措beyond ad.在远处bill n.帐单billion num.(英)万亿binding a.有约束力的biological a.生物学的biologist n.生物学家biology n.生物学bitter a.痛苦的blandishment n.奉承blind vt.使看不见blindfold a.被蒙上眼睛的block and tackle n.滑轮组bluebottle n.绿头苍蝇blurred a.模糊的blurring n.模糊boast vt.幸运地拥有boast vi.自夸boast n.自夸的话body n.尸体bodyguard n.卫队bog vt.陷入泥沼bondage n.束缚border vt.与...接界cohabitation n.同居coke n.焦炭cold a.冷冰冰的collaboration n.合作colour-blind a.色盲的colourless a.平庸的combative a.好斗的combination n.结合体combination n.结合commisariat n.军粮供应commission n.委员会commitment n.约束commonplace a.平凡的communication n.连络各地的公路等commute vi.乘车上下班compassion n.同情compatible a.相容的compel vt.强迫compensation n.补偿competence n.能力competitive a.竞争性的complication n.纠纷component n.组成部分compose vi.组成(与of连用) compound-interest n.复利comprehend vt.理解compression n.压缩compulsory a.义务的conceited a.自高自大的conceive vi.想像concern vt.涉及conclude vi.得出结论concoct vt.调制concrete a.具体的concurrently ad.同时发生condemned a.被判死刑的condemned cell死囚牢condition vt.制约confess vt.承认confine vt.限制；n.境界confines n.范围conflict n.冲突confront vt.面对conjuring n.魔术connection n.亲戚conqueror n.征服者creditor n.债权人cricket n.板球cross beam n.横梁crude a.原始的cruelty n.残酷cruise n.巡航crust n.地壳culminate vi.达到顶点culpable a.应受谴责的cultivate vt.培养cultivation n.培养curative a.治病的curl vi.卷起来(与up连用) current n.气流current account n.活期存款户头curved glass n.曲面镜cushion n.垫层customary a.司空见惯的customary a.通常的cutting bit n.钻头cycle n.循环cylinder n.圆柱体cynic n.愤世嫉俗者earnings n.利润earthquake n.地震echo n.回声echo-location n.回声定位echo-sounding n.回声测深edifice n.大厦edit vt.修改effectiveness n.成效effluent n.流出的污物ego n.自我elapse vi.(时间的)消逝elbow n.肘electrode n.电极electronics n.电子学element n.成分elements n.自然力elephant calf n.小象eleven-plus a.11岁以上的eliminate vt.消除elusive a.难以捉摸的embarrassing a.令人为难的emergency n.紧急情况emission n.散发emotion n.强烈感情fire vi.放炮fish pond n.鱼塘fish weir n.鱼梁fishery n.渔场fission n.裂变flagship n.舰旗flare n.闪烁flash-locks n.闸门flat a.平躺的flat a.平的flea-ridden a.充满跳蚤的fleet n.舰队flier n.飞鸟flimsy a.站不住脚的flint n.燧石，打火石flirt vt.不认真考虑floating a.浮在水上的flock n.羊群flow n.流量flown a.刚出巢的fly n.钓鱼的诱饵foam n.泡沫follower n.同类football pitch n.足球场footbrake n.脚刹force n.军队ford n.可涉水而过的地方forefathers n.祖先foreman n.监工foresee vt.预见forge vt.伪造forgery n.伪造form vt.组成formation n.组成formation n.队形form-blaind a.形盲的formula n.配方formula n.基本格局foundation n.基金fraction n.小部分framed a.遭到陷害的frankly ad.坦率地说frantically ad.狂乱地free balloon升空的气球free fall自由落体freshen vi.变强friction n.摩擦hierarchy n.等级制度highly-academic a.注重书本知识的highwayman n.拦路抢劫的人hint n.启示，暗示hither ad.向这里Hollywood n.好莱坞homicide n.凶杀horizontal a.水平的host n.主人household a.家用的hovercraft n.气垫船hovertrain n.气垫火车hub n.车轴huddle vi.拥挤hull n.船体human race n.人类humanity n.人类humanity n.人类humbler a.较低级的humour n.情绪hurry vt.急运hydrogen n.氢hypocrisy n.伪善hypothesis n.假说ice crevasse n.冰隙ideal n.理想identify vt.认为...一致ignoble a.不体面的ignorant a.无知的ill-educated a.缺乏教育的illiterate n.文盲ill-mannered a.举止粗鲁的illogical a.不合逻辑的illumination n.启发illustration n.插图image n.形象immolation n.杀戮immortal a.不朽的impending a.迫近的imperceptible a.感觉不到的imperial a.帝国的impersonal a.超脱个人感情的implication n.含义implication n.暗示import n.意义impose vt.强加impossibility n.不可能办到的事keep n.生计key a.关键性的kick vt.踢kidney n.肾脏kinding n.引火物knee n.膝盖knight n.骑士know vt.经历过lady bird n.瓢虫largely ad.主要地large-scale a.大规模的lark n.云雀lash vi.突然摆动Latin America n.拉丁美洲latitude n.纬度laudable a.值得称赞的launch vt.发送launch balloon n.发射气球laundry n.洗衣店laying n.铺设legend n.传说legibly ad.字迹清楚地legion n.军团legionnaire n.兵团成员Leningrad n.列宁格勒lessen vi.减少life-saving n.救生lighten vt.减轻lightly ad.轻易地lightning n.闪电likelihood n.可能性linen n.亚麻布link n.联系liquefy vt.使液化list vi. n.倾斜literally ad.确确实实地literally ad.确确实实literary a.文学的little-appreciated a.不被赏识的lizard n.蜥蜴load vt.用铅加重long-drawn a.漫长的longing n.渴望longitudinal a.纵向的look-out n.警戒loom vi.赫然耸现love affairs n.恋爱mountain side n.山腰muddle-headed a.糊涂的multiply vi.繁殖mumbo-jumbo n.繁文缛节municipality n.市政当局muscle n.肌肉mushroom n.蘑菇muzzle n.炮口myriad a.无数的mysteries a.古代的秘密宗教仪式mystic a.神秘的myth n.神话mythology n.(总称)神话myxomatosis n.多发性粘液瘤namely ad.即narrowness n.狭隘naturalgas n.天然气naturalist n.博物学家nature n.种类navigable a.可航行的navigation n.航海navy n.海军nebulae n.星云necessity n.必要性needy a.贫困的neglect vt.忽视neighbouring a.邻近的nepotism n.裙带关系nesting home n.鸟巢network n.网neurotoxic a.毒害神经的never-ending a.永不休止的neverthe less ad.不过newspaper king n.报业大王ninepin n.九柱戏中的木柱noms de guerre n.假名non-auditory a.非听觉的non-existent a.不存在的non-poisonous a.无毒的nonsense n.胡说八道notepaper n.便条纸notice-board n.布告牌nowadays ad.现今nuclear a.原子核的nut n.坚果objective a.客观如实的obligation n.义务perilous a.危险的，冒险的persecute vt.迫害perseptive n.问题不同方面之关系personality n.个性pertinent a.中肯的pervade vt.渗透pest n.有害动物pestilence n.瘟疫petrol fumes n.汽油味phenomenon n.现象philosophical a.哲学上的photograph vt.拍照physical a.偶然性的physiological a.生理的pig iron n.生铁块pigeon vi.鸽子pigeonhole n.存放文件的框架pill n.药丸pine vi.消瘦pioneer n.登山先驱者pipeline n.输油管Pisa比萨pit n.坑plane n.平面planetary a.行星的plantation n.种植园plausible a.似乎有道理的play vi.闪动plea n.辩词plea n.迫切的要求plight n.困境plum n.李plum n.李子plunge vt.使陷入plunge vt.使陷入plus prep.加plutocrat n.财阀ply vt.不断地供给point n.地方point blank ad.直接了当地politician n.政客politician n.政客pollution n.污染Polynesian a.波利尼西亚(群岛)的scheme n.阴谋school n.类school attendance n.就读schooling n.教育scouting n.童子军活动scrap n.小片scratch n.擦痕screaming a.发尖叫声的script n.手迹seal vt.封口seal vt.决定sealing-wax n.封口蜡seat n.中心secondary a.中等的secrecy n.保密secretive a.喜欢保密的secure vt.获得security n.安全sediment-covered a.沉淀物覆盖的sedulously ad.孜孜不倦地seethe vi.骚动seismometer n.测震表self-containment n.不合群self-discovery n.自我发现self-evident a.自明的self-made n.白手起家的self-repairing a.自行修整的self-restoring a.自行恢复的self-satisfied a.自鸣得意的sensation n.感觉sensible a.合情合理的sensitivity n.敏感性sentence vt.判决sentimentality n.感情用事serenity n.静谧sermon n.布道service n.部门services n.部门servitude n.奴役servo-system n.伺服系统set vt.使行动set vt.出(题等)setting n.场景settlement n.居民点，村落settlement n.殖民settler n.殖民者stern n.船尾stick vi.把...插入still a.不动的strain n.紧张strata n.地层stratoscope n.同温层观察镜strictly ad.全然striking a.醒目的strychnine n.马钱子碱student sociologist n.S H 学学生stupidity n.愚昧subdue vt.征服submarine a.海底的submit vi.屈从(与to连用) submit vt.使屈从subsequently ad.后来subservient a.屈从的substantial a.相当的suburban a.见识不广的suffer vt.经受suffice vi.足够sufficiently ad.充分地suggestion n.联想summit n.山顶sunset n.曰落superimpose vt.附加supernatural a.超自然的superstition n.迷信superstitious a.迷信的superstructure n.船的上层结构supreme a.首屈一指的surplus n.过剩survey n.巡礼survival n.生存susceptible a.易受感染的susceptible a.易受感动的suspect a.可疑的sustain vt.确认sustenance n.支撑力sustenance n.生计swallow n.燕子sway n.支配swear vi.发誓swing vi.轻快地走swoop vi.猛扑two-dimensional a.二维的two-edged a.双刃的twofold a.双重的tyrany n.残暴ultra violet a.紫外线的unaffected a.未受影响的unanimous a.一致的unbounded a.无限的uncertain a.不确实的unchallenged a.无可匹敌的unconscious a.不省人事的undeclared a.未经宣布的undeniable a.不可否认的undercurrent n.潜流underline vt.着重说明understandable a.可理解的understanding n.理解力undoing n.祸根undue a.不适当的unduly adv.不适当地，过度地，不正当地unduly ad.过分地unhorse vt.赶...下马unimpeded a.无阻碍的unintelligible a.难理解的uniquely ad.唯一地universal a.宇宙的universally ad.普遍地unprecedented a.前所未有的unpredictable a.无法预测的unreasoning a.盲目冲动的unreliable a.不可靠的unrest n.动乱unstable a.不稳定的unsteadiness n.不稳定untruthfulness n.虚伪unutterable a.不可言传的upholder n.支持者upwards ad.向上urban a.城市的urgent a.紧迫的utilitarian a.实用的utilization n.利用utmost n.最大可能utter vt.说出utter a.完全的utterly ad.完全地。
新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语Lesson 17 Learning to Live 学会生活The fact that we are not sure what 'intelligence' is, nor what is passed on, does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which 'measure' it.In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academicexaminations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased Homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin hisrange of competence and understanding.New words and expressions 生词短语intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知识分子pass on 衡量(1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉语(2)衡量 judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence(3)pass for 被认为不能用被动,只能用主动(4)pass 过了 pass gradereliance 信赖,依靠(1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生虫)(drag:负担)(2)reliant reliable 值得信赖的self-reliant 自力更生(=self-dependent)working 起作用的pill:药丸 dose:剂 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利 effective 有效果的The pill does.a wide variety 各种各样a wide variety of goods . various variant：变化的 variantion 变化 very colored/formedmult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral：双边会谈as a result of 由于…结果As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 减薪consequence in result 后面一定不能出现 ofHe performed well; in result he got a pay rise.in consequence act 法案pass bill motion pay bills act：第 1 幕，第 1 场 Today we gotan act of got.He always put on an act.摆谱foundation 基金Peking Normal University 北京师范大学missionaryavailable 可用的Is water available? 有水喝吗？ Are you available?Are you available for a chat?Is your bicycle available?avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy.avail myself of 利用…的机会make use of ；take advantage ofaccommodate 容纳The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 适应accommodating accommodation：住所boarding and lodgingat most 最多 at leastcounteract 抵消counteractclockwise 逆时针转counterintelligence 反情报counterrevolution neutralizeact againstspecialization 专门化specialize speciality majorI specialize in chemistry.specialization 专业化synthesize 综合 sympathy syndrome 并发症 synchronize 同步分verbal 文字的oral 口头 verbal expression ;oral expressioncompetence 能力competent incompetent 没有能力的 performance 实际的行为Notes on the text 课文注释British education system 第 1 段只有一句话主语-the fact 谓语-does not prevent us 同位语从句 nor：否定连接 passed on：衡量 useful ,working 两个词相近 placing 和 finding 并列place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance 依赖引号里表示抽象的东西superior inferioreven though we are not sure ….is，nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更为高级even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man.The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man.tests 第 1 段形成文章的.主题。
