Management Functions(作业)

Chapter2Management Yesterday and Today Historical Background of Management Ancient Management（古代的管理）Egypt (pyramids) and China (Great Wall)Venetians (floating warship assembly lines)Adam Smith（亚当.斯密）Published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776 Advocated the division of labor (job specialization) to increase the productivity of workers提倡劳动分工（工作专业化）以提高劳动者的劳动生产率Industrial Revolution（工业革命）Substituted machine power for human laborCreated large organizations in need of management创建出需要管理的大型组织Development of Major Management Theories主要管理理论的发展古典方法Scientific Management（科学管理）General Administrative Theory（一般行政管理）定量方法Quantitative Management（定量管理）行为方法Organizational Behavior（组织行为）当代方法Systems Approach（系统方法）Contingency Approach（情境方法）1.Scientific Management科学管理Fredrick Winslow Taylor弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒——The “father” of scientific management科学管理理论之父Published Principles of Scientific Management《科学管理原理》(1911)The theory of scientific managementUsing scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done:用科学的方法来定义一种完成工作的“最佳方法”：1.Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment.把使用合适的工具和设备的人放在合适的工作上。

管理学考试题及答案英语管理学考试题及答案（英语）一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "management" refers to:A. The process of managingB. The people who manageC. The act of managingD. The result of managingAnswer: A2. Which of the following is NOT a function of management?A. PlanningB. OrganizingC. ControllingD. InnovatingAnswer: D3. According to classical management theory, the most important factor in achieving organizational goals is:A. EfficiencyB. EffectivenessC. ProfitabilityD. Customer satisfactionAnswer: A4. The process of setting goals, deciding on actions to achieve them, and then allocating the necessary resources to carry out these actions is known as:A. Decision makingB. PlanningC. OrganizingD. ControllingAnswer: B5. Which of the following is NOT a principle of scientific management according to Frederick W. Taylor?A. Work simplificationB. Scientific selection of workersC. Financial incentives for productivityD. Centralized decision makingAnswer: D6. In the context of management, "leadership" refers to:A. The ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goalsB. The act of supervising employeesC. The process of delegating tasksD. The role of a managerAnswer: A7. Which of the following is NOT a component of the contingency theory of leadership?A. The situationB. The leader's traitsC. The leader's behaviorD. The follower's traitsAnswer: B8. The Hawthorne studies demonstrated that:A. Financial incentives are the most effective motivatorsB. Worker productivity is influenced by a variety of factors, including the work environmentC. Scientific management techniques always improve productivityD. The presence of a supervisor is the key to increased productivityAnswer: B9. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is at the top of the pyramid?A. Safety needsB. Esteem needsC. Social needsD. Self-actualization needsAnswer: D10. In the context of organizational behavior, "groupthink" refers to:A. The tendency for groups to make risky decisionsB. The tendency for groups to make decisions that are too cautiousC. The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than those made by individualsD. The tendency for groups to suppress dissent and conformity to group normsAnswer: D二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between management and leadership.Answer: Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to achieve specific goals. Leadership, on the other hand, is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals. While management is more about organizing and controlling, leadership is about inspiring and motivating.2. Describe the four functions of management.Answer: The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and deciding on actions to achieve them. Organizing is the process of structuring tasks and resources to achieve those goals. Leading involves influencing and motivating employees to work towards the goals. Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking corrective action when necessary.3. What is the significance of the Hawthorne studies in the field of management?Answer: The Hawthorne studies were significant because they demonstrated that worker productivity is influenced by a variety of factors, including the work environment and the attention given to workers. These studies challenged the assumptions of classical management theory and led to the development of the human relations movement, which emphasized the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace.4. Explain the concept of "empowerment" in management.Answer: Empowerment in management refers to the process of giving employees the authority, responsibility, and resources to make decisions and take actions that affect their work. Empowerment is believed to increase employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity by allowing workers to have more control over their work and to take ownership of their tasks.三、案例分析题（每题20分，共40分）1. Case Study: A company is experiencing high employee turnover and low morale. The management has decided to implement a new employee engagement program to address these issues. Describe how the company can use the principles of motivation and leadership to design and implement this program.Answer: The company can use the principles of motivation and leadership to design and implement the employee engagement program by first understanding the needs and motivations of its employees. They can use Maslow's hierarchy of needs to identify which needs are not being met, such as safety, social, esteem, or self-actualization needs. The company can then develop programs that address these unmet needs, such as providing a safe work environment, opportunities for social interaction, recognition for achievements, and opportunities for personal growth and development.In terms of leadership, the company can train managers to be more effective leaders by using transformational leadership styles that inspire and motivate employees. This can include setting a clear vision for the company, providing support and resources for employees to achieve their goals, and creating a positive work environment where employees feel valued and respected.2. Case Study: A manufacturing company is considering the implementation of a new production technology that requires a significant investment. The management team is divided on whether to proceed with the investment. How can the company use decision-making models and techniques to make an informed decision?Answer: The company can use decision-making models and techniques such as the decision tree analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and SWOT analysis to make an informed decision about the new production technology.The decision tree analysis can help the company visualize the different outcomes and probabilities associated with each decision path, such as investing in the new technology or not. The cost-benefit analysis can help the company quantify the costs and benefits of the investment, including the potential increase in production efficiency and the initial cost of the technology. The SWOT analysis can help the company identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the investment, such as the potential for increased market share and the risk of technological obsolescence.By using these decision-making models and techniques, the company can weigh the pros and cons of the investment and make a more informed decision based on objective data and analysis.以上就是管理学考试题及答案的英语版本，供参考。

1) Time should be considered a(n) ________ resource.A) abundantB) diminishingC) limitedD) renewableAnswer: CDiff: 2AACSB: Analytical thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept2) In today's workplace, ________.A) women are more likely than men to be promoted into managementB) many employees perform work that in the past was considered managerial activitiesC) women tend to be more effective supervisors than menD) most organizations have eliminated the title of managerAnswer: BDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept3) An individual who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals is ________.A) an assembly line workerB) a laborerC) a managerD) a salespersonAnswer: CDiff: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking4) The organizational chart shows titles such as front-line manager, plant manager, and vice president of operations. It is very likely this organization has a ________.A) traditional committee structureB) traditional pyramid structureC) modern matrix structureD) flexible structureAnswer: BDiff: 2AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Application5) First-line managers are typically those who ________.A) perform the same work as the people they manage but earn more moneyB) are typically involved with producing the organization's products or providing its serviceC) are at the top of the organizational chartD) are the first persons new hires meetAnswer: BDiff: 2AACSB: Application of knowledge6) Supervisor is another name for ________.A) team leaderB) middle managerC) first-line managerD) top managerAnswer: CDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept7) Kelly, a production supervisor, is responsible for ten employees who assemble components into a finished product. Kelly is a ________.A) top managerB) nonmanagerial employeeC) middle managerD) first-line managerAnswer: DDiff: 1AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledge8) ________ are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization.A) Middle managersB) Top managersC) Production managersD) Research managersAnswer: B9) ________ have titles such as executive vice president, chief operating officer, and chief executive officer.A) SupervisorsB) Middle managersC) First-line managersD) Top managersAnswer: D10) Blue Fin and ChrisCraft, two boat manufacturers, have merged. Top managers now must decide how the work will be divided and who will do what work. Such an arrangement makes up a(n) ________.A) strategic partnershipB) coalitionC) organizationD) affinity groupAnswer: CDiff: 2AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Application11) A manager must coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept12) Middle managers are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.1: Tell who managers are and where they work; Know how to manage your timeClassification: Concept13) Mark is vice president of finance. At his level of management, he is more likely to use the role of ________ than ________.A) leader; disseminatorB) spokesperson; negotiatorC) figurehead; liaisonD) disseminator; leaderAnswer: D14) Connie has an idea for a new product she would like to produce and market. Mintzberg would consider the activities necessary to form and launch her company to be part of the ________ role.A) planningB) resource allocatorC) negotiatorD) entrepreneurAnswer: DDiff: 3AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Application15) Technical skills include ________.A) experience gained by experiments that are used in performing managerial tasksB) job specific knowledge needed to proficiently perform work tasksC) the ability to work well with individuals and groupsD) skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situationsAnswer: B16) When Paul manages the employees who produce the product, he is utilizing his ________.A) conceptual skillsB) disseminator skillsC) technical skillsD) interpersonal skillsAnswer: CDiff: 317) ________ skills involve the ability to work well with other people, both individually and in a group.A) TechnicalB) AssessmentC) PlanningD) InterpersonalAnswer: DDiff: 1AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Concept18) When Sam Walton visited his Walmart stores, he would often lead the employees in cheers and give inspiring speeches. Sam knew the importance of ________ skills.A) decisionalB) technicalC) interpersonalD) conceptualAnswer: CDiff: 3AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledgeLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Application19) Effectiveness refers to getting the most output from the least amount of input. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Concept20) The four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, commanding, and controlling.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingLearning Obj: LO 1.3: Describe the functions, roles, and skills of managers Classification: Concept。

《管理学入门》复习辅助材料（Chapter 1 - Chapter 4）第一章管理者与管理1、“管理者”的定义：管理者（或称之为经理人，manager）是这样的人，他通过协调（coordinates）和监督(oversees)他人的活动达成组织目标。

2、管理者或经理人（manager）的工作不是取得个人成就，而是帮助他人完成任务。

3、在传统的金字塔结构式的组织中，管理者或经理人（manager）分为三类：基层管理者（first-line manager，或称为基层经理人）、中层管理者（mid manager，或称为中层经理人）、高层管理者（top manager，或称为高层经理人）。

4、在组织中，基层管理者（first-line manager，或称为基层经理人）、中层管理者（midmanager，或称为中层经理人）、高层管理者（top manager，或称为高层经理人）可以统称为管理者（managers）或管理型员工（managerial employees），而操作员（operatives）则被称为非管理型员工(non-managerial employees)。

在组织中，从雇佣关系（employment）角度讲，管理者（或经理人）和操作员都是员工，只不过前者是管理型员工，后者不是管理型员工。

5、管理者(managers)与非管理者(non-managerial employees)的主要差异在于管理者有人直接向其汇报工作，即Managers have employees who directly report to them, but non-managerial employees have no employees who directly report to them.6、“管理”的定义：管理（management），是通过协调和监督他人的活动，去有效率地（efficiently）和有效果地（effectively）完成工作。

《商务英语（2）》形成性考核册答案《商务英语（2）》作业（1）一、交际用语l. - Morning, Daniel. T oday I'd like to discuss the promotional ev ents of our productswith you.A. I can't agree with you more on that.B. Our customers are satisfied with our products.C. OK. I think we should draw up a thorough plan.2. —OK, what are your initial thoughts on our computers in China? Is there a market?A. They have the most need for computers.B. I am very optimistic about the ma rket opportunities in China.C. Our current agent agreements are broken up into regions.3. ——We would like to get in with the fall publication, if possible.A. What product are we talking about?B. Which edition would you like your adv ertisement to appear in?C. How much do y ou plan to spend on adv ertisement?4. —Do we need to fill in the application form?A. Yes, you must.B. Y es, you need.C. Y es, you may.5. —Great! May be from now on, I should try to buy goods online.A. I think so.B. That's all right.C. Why not? Go ahead.二、选择填空6. I know personal selling is also a v ery effectiv e tool for building buy ers‘confidence.A. toB. upC. with7. We are full of confidence the Chinese market.A. inB. onC. with8. Our adv ertising rates are size and location.A. depended onB. put onC. based on9. People are allowed to their money at ATMs.A. devoteB. depositC. demand10. The profitable sales v olume is the volume of sales that actually will businessthemost profit.A. earnB. getC. take11. Now we are able to browse shops in the world in our own home.A. the most fancyB. fanciestC. the fanciest12. Well, I will get the market survey with my colleagues.A. startB. startedC. to be started13. A good adv ertising program tells potential customers .A. why they need the productB. why do they need the productC. why they don't need the product14. The Smart Color Laser Copier 200 do a lot for y our business.A. had toB. daredC. could15. T ax, can be used in public serv ices, Is v ery important to our country.A. whichB. thatC. what16. Consumption and inv estment, meanwhile, accounted for 4.5 and 1.2 percentagepointsof first-quarter growth .A. respectfullyB. respectably C .respectively17. Any adv ice you giv e us will be kept strictly .A. secretB. unknownC. confidential18. The sandbags stopped her property from .A. to be floodingB. being floodedC. being flooding19. One of the basic functions of a bank is serv ices related to the storing andmanagementof money.1A. provideB. to prov ideC. prov ided20. our come is , tax we should pay.A. The higher, the moreB. Higher, moreC. The highest, the most三、阅读理解21-25 题：阅读对话，从A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出一个正确答案，并将答案序号写在题前括号内。

电大宝典1389《管理英语4》期末考试题库简化版2020年1月年最新(04020)整理时间:2019.12。

09已考完，大部分能找到,已按字母排版，方便查找(按历届试题汇总）适用：[国开科目］[期末笔试] ［课程号：04020] ［试卷号：1389]题型:写作题（4）交际用语（41）词汇与语法（75) 阅读理解（单选）（8）阅读理解(判断)(10）阅读填空题（4) 听力理解(15）写作题（总共4题)1、Write at least 100 words about an event caused by different understandings of the workplace culture。

You may need to include the 5Ws and 1H elements。

2、Write at least 100 words about as event based on the following in（ormaxion。

You may need the SWs and 1H elements.3、根据所给信息求，完成工作计划。

交际用语(总共41题)1、They are all warmhearted and helpful。

2、— Can I have three days off next week, Mr。

Smith？—（)。

I can manage without you。

3、- Could I borrow your iPad for a few hours？4、— Could you give us a speech on management functions some day this week?5、— Do you know where I can repair my motorcar?6、—Don’t worry，Mum。

The doctor said it was only a common cold。