2021届高考英语原汁原味外刊热点话题 海洋塑料垃圾问题注定越来越严重(解析版)

高三英语社会问题词汇单选题55题1. The ______ of plastic waste is a major environmental concern. We should encourage the use of reusable products.A. productionB. reductionC. pollutionD. protection答案：C。

解析：本题考查环保相关词汇。

题干提到塑料废物，这与环境污染相关。

A选项production意为生产，塑料废物的生产不是主要的环境关注点，这里强调的是塑料废物带来的问题而不是生产本身。

B选项reduction是减少，虽然减少塑料废物是应对措施，但此处说的是塑料废物已经存在的状况。

C选项pollution污染，塑料废物的污染是重大环境问题，符合题意。

D选项protection保护，与题意中塑料废物带来的负面情况不符。

2. With the problem of ______ becoming more and more serious, the government has introduced a series of policies to encourage young people to have more children.A. population growthB. population agingC. population densityD. population mobility答案：B。

解析：本题围绕人口问题相关词汇。

题干提到政府出台政策鼓励年轻人多生孩子，这是为了应对人口老龄化问题。

A选项population growth人口增长，与题意鼓励生育来应对的情况不符。

B 选项population aging人口老龄化，因为人口老龄化严重所以政府鼓励生育，符合题意。

C选项population density人口密度，题干未涉及人口密度问题。

越来越多的塑料污染雅思作文你有没有发现，咱们现在就像生活在一个塑料的世界里。

塑料这玩意儿，刚开始出现的时候，那可真是个超级棒的发明。

轻巧、方便、耐用，什么东西都能用塑料做，从超市里装东西的塑料袋，到喝水用的塑料瓶，感觉它无处不在。

但是呢，这塑料用着用着，问题就像雪球一样越滚越大，塑料污染已经变成了一个超级头疼的大麻烦。

先说说海洋吧。

海洋里现在到处都是塑料垃圾，就像一锅煮坏了的塑料汤。

那些塑料瓶啊、塑料袋啊，飘在海面上，看起来脏兮兮的，把大海原本的美貌都给破坏了。

而且，好多海洋动物可就遭了殃。

海龟啊，经常会把白色的塑料袋当成水母，一口就吞下去，结果就因为这个堵住了肚子，吃不下东西，最后只能可怜巴巴地死去。

那些海鸟呢，它们的肚子里也经常被发现装满了各种小塑料块，就像它们把塑料当成了新的“食物”，这简直就是一场灾难。

陆地上也好不到哪里去。

你看看那些垃圾填埋场，一堆堆的塑料垃圾像小山一样。

这些塑料可不像香蕉皮或者树叶，它们不会那么快就分解掉。

有些塑料可能要几百年甚至上千年才能消失，就这么一直在土地里赖着。

这还不算，要是遇到个下雨天，雨水一淋，塑料里的一些有害物质还会渗到土里，然后就会污染土壤，影响到土里种的庄稼。

咱们吃的粮食可不想和这些有害物质混在一起呀。

那这些塑料污染是怎么变得越来越严重的呢？首先啊，咱们人类实在是太爱用塑料了。

去超市买个东西，不管需不需要，服务员都会给你个塑料袋，好像不用塑料袋就不完整似的。

还有那些一次性的塑料餐具，叫个外卖，一次性的塑料盒子、筷子就都来了。

咱们有时候为了图方便，根本就没有想过这些塑料用完了会去哪里。

再一个呢，回收塑料也没有做得很好。

有些地方虽然有回收垃圾桶，但是很多人也不按照分类来扔垃圾，都混在一起。

而且，回收塑料的成本还挺高的，这就导致很多回收厂也不是特别积极。

所以啊，那些本该被回收再利用的塑料，最后还是变成了污染环境的垃圾。

那咱们该怎么办呢？我觉得首先得从自己做起。

【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the ti p of the problem. “Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. ”The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacifc Oceans, home of what some have plastic. What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. ”The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly, and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. “There are heavy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while it acts like magnets(磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. “Cut back on single-use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.” She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.（1）What can we learn from the passage?A. There's all island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.B. The bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes.C. The United States is the least plastic polluters.D. The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.（2）What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3?A. Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines.B. The plastic particles.C. Seafood.D. Fatty tissues.（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.B. The plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.C. Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem,D. People should stop using plastic products immediately.（4）Which may be the title of the passage?A. Plastic pollution in the World.B. Plastic pollution—Oceans'Disaster.C. Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans.D. Plastic pollution and our health.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

专题限时集训(九)主旨大意之概括全文主题和段落大意A (2020·湖南师大附中模拟)The Blue Planet II's latest episode focuses on how the plastic is having a destructive effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth，the Mariana Trench，have plastics in their stomachs.Indeed, oceans are drowned in plastics.Though it seems that the world couldn't possibly function without plastics，plastics are a remarkably recent invention.The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s，the same decade when plastic packaging began gaining popularity in the United States.This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change.Plastics pollution research，for instance，is still a very early science.We put all these plastics into the environment，but we still don't really know what the outcomes are going to be.What we do know，though，is disturbing.The ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year.Nearly 700 species，including endangered ones，are known to have been affected by it.One in three leatherback turtles，which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish，have been found with plastics in their bellies.Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.And it's not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas.Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.I could understand why some people see the ocean plastic as a disaster，worth being mentioned in the same breath as climate change.But the ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change.There are no ocean trash deniers(否认者)，at least so far.To do something about it，we don't have to remake our planet energy system.This is not a problem where we don't know what the solution is.We know how to pick up garbage.Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it.We know how to recycle.We can all start by thinking twice before we use single­use plastic products.Things may seem ordinary，like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag，butwhen taken collectively，these choices really do make a difference.【语篇解读】塑料(制品)在我们的生活中无处不在，但我们却把它们都抛到了环境中，给海洋以及海洋生物造成了灾难性的影响，同时也对人体造成很大危害。

The Issue of Ocean Plastic Waste and Its SolutionsOcean plastic waste is a critical environmental challenge that has garnered global attention due to its extensive and long-lasting impacts on marine ecosystems and human lions of tons of plastic end up in the oceans each year,making it one of the most pervasive forms of marine pollution.This essay explores the issue of ocean plastic waste,its effects on the marine environment,and proposes viable solutions to address this growing problem.Plastic waste enters the ocean through various pathways,including rivers,beaches,and direct dumping.Once in the ocean,plastics do not biodegrade;instead,they slowly break down into smaller pieces known as microplastics,which can persist in the environment for hundreds of years.Marine life,mistaking plastic for food,ingests these particles, leading to physical harm,starvation,and often death.Additionally, plastics and microplastics can absorb and transport toxic chemicals, further endangering marine species and potentially entering the human food chain through seafood consumption.The presence of plastic waste also disrupts marine habitats.For instance, large pieces of plastic can smother coral reefs and seagrass beds, blocking sunlight and choking off the life that depends on these ecosystems.Floating plastics can transport invasive species across oceans,disrupting local ecosystems and threatening biodiversity. Addressing the issue of ocean plastic waste requires a multi-faceted approach that involves reducing plastic production and consumption, enhancing waste management systems,and cleaning up existing marine plastic pollution.The following solutions are critical to tackling this problem:Reduce,Reuse,Recycle:Encouraging individuals,businesses,and governments to adopt the3Rs principle can significantly reduce the amount of plastic waste generated.This includes minimizing the use of single-use plastics,promoting products with minimal packaging,and increasing the use of biodegradable materials.Improved Waste Management:Developing and implementing efficient waste management systems,especially in regions with inadequate infrastructure,can prevent plastic waste from entering the oceans.This involves enhancing recycling programs,properly managing landfills,and investing in waste-to-energy technologies.Policy and Legislation:Governments can play a crucial role by enacting policies that limit plastic production and use.This includes banning single-use plastics,imposing taxes on plastic products,and setting targets for reducing plastic waste.International agreements are also essential to address the transboundary nature of ocean plastic pollution.Cleanup Efforts:Supporting and participating in cleanup initiatives can help remove plastics already in the oceans and on beaches.Innovative technologies,such as ocean cleanup arrays and devices designed to capture plastic in rivers before it reaches the sea,are promising tools in the fight against ocean plastic pollution.Public Awareness and Education:Raising awareness about the impacts of plastic pollution and the importance of responsible plastic use can drive behavioral cational campaigns,community engagement,and encouraging citizen science are vital for fostering a culture of conservation and sustainability.In conclusion,ocean plastic waste is a daunting challenge that requires collective action from individuals,communities,businesses,and governments worldwide.By implementing a combination of reduction strategies,improved waste management,policy interventions,cleanup efforts,and education,we can mitigate the impacts of plastic pollution and protect the health and biodiversity of our oceans.The time to act is now,as the future of marine ecosystems and the well-being of future generations depend on our ability to address this pressing environmental issue.。

高考英语外刊精读人与自然应对海洋塑料污染导读：每年大约有800万吨的塑料废弃物最终进入海洋，相当于每分钟就有一垃圾车的塑料废弃物投入海洋，这对海洋和气候都有着严重破坏作用。

该如何应对海洋塑料污染呢，今天来阅读彭博社的一篇文章了解一下吧。

一、文本泛读The dangers of excessive plastic—from harming wildlife to worsening climate change—are acute. Policy makers need a bold response.Some 8 million metric tons of plastic debris end up in the ocean each year, the equivalent of a garbage truck every minute. At the current pace, the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century. An international treaty to tackle this mess, which states at the United Nations’ Environment Assembly this week have agreed to hammer out, is welcome—but companies and policy makers shouldn’t wait to start addressing the crisis head on.As things stand, the picture is grim. Consumers buy a million plastic drinking bottles a minute and use trillions of plastic bags every year, not to mention an immense amount of polyester and other synthetic textiles. Less than a tenth of all that material is recycled. Companies and governments have promised to cut back and reuse more, but even if those targets were met, they’d only reduce the plastic flowing into the ocean by 7% by 2040.Plastic is also taking a toll on the climate. By poisoning crucial wildlife, it’s inhibiting the ocean’s ability to ac t as a natural carbon sink. Demand for plastic drives significant use of oil, natural gas and coal, with petrochemicals expected to account for a third of growth in oil demand between now and 2030. That will take a significant bite out of the world’s carbo n budget and threaten efforts to prevent global temperatures from rising by more than 1.5 degrees.So what can be done?First, it’s important to recognize that this a global problem that requires a global solution. The UN process is off to a promising start: Nearly 200 countries agreed yesterday to work toward a treaty eventually banning plastic pollution. The U.S. should show leadership in this process by setting ambitious goals, encouraging other member states to comply, and offering generous support for developing countries that lack sufficient waste-management systems.One reasonable aim for the process would be to establish global production limits for non-recyclable plastic and to phase out the pernicious single-use kind in the years ahead. This is no small challenge, given how widely such material is used and how critical it is in emerging markets, where it helps provide clean water and protection from contaminants.The key will be to pair any such restrictions with fiscal measures (whether incentives or sanctions) to ensure existing plastic is kept in use for longer, while supporting research into alternative materials and recycling systems. Governments should aim to make inventive replacements for plastic—made using shrimp shells, corn, algae and other materials—more cost-competitive. They should also fund more research into the dozens of mitigation technologies now under study, from solar powered “interceptors” that scoop up river pollution before it reaches the ocean, to specially engineered enzymes that quickly break down plastics into their constituent chemicals. Meanwhile, it’s fair to expect more accountability from manufacturers, who are well aware of the harms their products can cause. As a start, they should be required to phase out toxic additives and boost the levels of recycled content they use. They should be encouraged to simplify complex, multilayered packaging, which hampers recycling efforts even in developed markets like the U.S. They should also work with world governments to channel financial and technical support to poorer nations to improve waste collection and landfill management.The good news is that consumer-facing companies are already moving in the right direction, providing increased transparency on plastic consumption. Investors, alert tothe risks that come with polluting products, should demand uniform disclosures on plastic content, just as they’ve done with carbon. Transparency, especially when ordinary shoppers are involved, can often encourage rapid change. Companies like Bacardi Ltd.—which is experimenting with a new type of plastic bottle that can decompose in a matter of months, under the right conditions—deserve credit for bringing innovation to bear on the problem.The plastic emergency has been building for years. U nfortunately, the world doesn’t have the luxury of time in trying to resolve it. The sooner these efforts start, the better.二、文本精读The dangers of excessive plastic—from harming wildlife to worsening climate change—are acute. Policy makers need a bold response.●excessive adj.过分的，过度的[excessive plastic指的就是塑料污染]●bold adj. 果敢的，敢于冒险的，大胆的Some 8 million metric tons of plastic debris end up in the ocean each year, the equivalent of a garbage truck every minute. At the current pace, the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century. An international treaty to tackle this mess, which states at the United Nations’ Environment Assembly this week have agreed to hammer out, is welcome—but companies and policy makers shouldn’t wait to start addressing the crisis head on.●debris n.残渣，垃圾，废弃物●equivalent n.相等的东西，等量，对应词●mess n.肮脏，杂乱；麻烦，困境●state n.国家●the United Nation’s Environment Assembly联合国环境大会●hammer out 反复讨论出（一致意见），充分研讨出（决定）●head on 正面地，迎面地；（解决问题）积极地，认真地【长难句解析】An international treaty to tackle this mess, which states at the United Nations’ Environment Assembly this week have agreed to hammer out, is welcome—but companies and policy makers shouldn’t w ait to start addressing the crisis head on.译文：本周各国在联合国环境大会上一致同意可以达成一项国际条约来解决塑料污染的问题，这一条约广受欢迎——不过公司和政策制定者若要正面解决危机，不应再等待。

备战 2021 高考英语原汁原味外刊热点话题阅读特辑day9: The Marine plastic problem is bound to get worse海洋塑料问题注定会越来越严重课前导读： 《科学》杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，流入世界海洋的塑料数量将急剧上升，对于这一趋势，那些试图减少塑料垃圾的努力将无济于事。

精彩英文 The annual inflow of plastic could nearly triple from 2016 to 2040, the study found, and even if companies and governments meet all their commitments to tackle plastic waste, it would reduce the projection for 2040 by only 7%, still a more-than twofold increase in volume. The study’s authors, the nonprofit Pew Charitable Trust and sustainability consulting firm Systemiq Ltd., set out a range of measures to stem the flow and called on businesses and governments to do more to reduce the use of plastic. They developed what they say is a first-of-its-kind model of the global plastics-supply chain—from production to consumption to disposal—using data and input from 17 experts from various regions. Consumer and regulatory pressure has prompted many of the world’s biggest consumer-goods companies to commit to making all their packaging reusable, recyclable or compostable within the next five years. Businesses have also pledged to use more recycled content in their packaging, often touting suchpromises to woo shoppers. Waste-reduction advocates say those commitments aren’t enough because they focus on recycling plastic, rather than making and using less of it. Companies like Walmart Inc.,Nestle and Procter & GambleCo. say they plan to eliminate unnecessary packaging and use more refillable containers, but few have set measurable targets for doing so. 【报刊词汇预习】 1. annual 每年的 adj 2. triple 三倍的 adj. 3. inflow 流入 n. 4. commitment 承诺 n. 5. tackle 处理 vt. 6. projection 投影 n. 7. volume 体积 n. 8. twofold 双重的 adj. 9. nonprofit 非营利性 adj. 10. sustainability 持续性/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ 11. consulting 咨询的 adj. 12. stem 阻止 vt 13. a first-of-its-kind 首创的 adj. 14. plastics-supply 塑料供应的 adj. 15. disposal 处置 n 16. data 数据 n 17. input~ (into/to sth)~ (of sth)投入资源（指时间、知识、思想等）；投入；输入 vt/nHer specialist input to the discussions has been very useful. 她在这些讨论中提供的专家建议很有 助益。

高一英语作文海洋污染英文回答：Ocean pollution is a serious problem that affects marine life and ecosystems. One of the main causes of ocean pollution is plastic waste. For example, when people throw plastic bottles and bags into the ocean, they can harm marine animals like sea turtles and dolphins. Another cause of ocean pollution is oil spills from ships. These spills can create a slick on the water's surface, which can suffocate marine birds and mammals.In addition to plastic waste and oil spills, chemical pollution from factories and agricultural runoff also contribute to ocean pollution. For instance, when factories release toxic chemicals into rivers, these chemicals can flow into the ocean and harm fish and other marine life.Overall, ocean pollution is a serious issue that requires immediate action to protect our oceans and thecreatures that call them home.中文回答：海洋污染是一个严重的问题，影响着海洋生物和生态系统。

人大附中2021新高考英语外刊精选补充阅读积累（阅读写作提升88）你的毛衣可能有害环境！导读上周，《卫报》报道每年有大量微纤维流入环境中，而这与人造丝聚酯纤维脱不开干系。

双语阅读All fabrics release microfibers, whether they are organic,like hemp and wool, or synthetic, like polyester and acrylic. Since their discovery in 2011 by ecologist Mark Browne, much of the conversation surrounding microfibers has focused on synthetic fibers in particular. That’s because, as a product of the petrochemical industry, synthetic fabric is essentially plastic, making the microfibers it releases a form of microplastic pollution.所有的织物都释放超细纤维，无论是大麻和羊毛等有机产品，还是聚酯纤维和丙烯酸等合成产品。

自从生态学家马克•布朗在2011年发现超细纤维以来，有关超细纤维的讨论就主要集中在合成纤维上。

这是因为，作为石化行业的产品，合成纤维的本质是塑料，制造超细纤维会产生一种微塑料污染。

As the California study suggests, plastic microfibers are a disturbingly abundant for eign substance in the Earth’s ecosystem – they make up 90% of the microplastic pollution in the Atlantic Ocean, and are easily ingested by the tiny fish and plankton that support the entire marine ecosystem.加州的研究表明，在地球生态系统中超细塑料纤维这一外来物质含量高得令人不安——它们占到了大西洋微塑料污染的90%，并且很容易被支撑着整个海洋生态系统的小鱼和浮游生物食入。

2021中考英语提分冲刺天天练-阅读理解Day 14姓名：__________ 班别：__________ 用时：______/mins 正确率：____/5 ____/5【话题：塑料问题与环境保护】【1】According to a report, over 22,000 plastic bottles are thrown away every second, and the number is still growing. Most plastic bottles end up in the oceans. They break into small pieces. Fish and birds often mistake them for food.Now Robert Bezeau has come up with an idea. It may not solve the world’s plastic woes, but will at least make a difference — He plans to use the plastic bottles to build a village in the jungles of Bocas del Toro, Panama.Robert Bezeau is a Canadian. He has been living in the Central American country for many years. One day, he noticed there was so much plastic waste on the beautiful beaches. During one year and a half, Bezeau and his volunteers collected over a million plastic bottles!In 2015, he came up with the idea of using the bottles to build homes, and Plastic Bottle Village was born. So far, only one two-story house has been built. But if Bezeau has his way, there will soon be 90 to 120 homes that will make up Plastic Bottle Village. Depending on the size, each home needs between 10,000 to 25,000 bottles.Interestingly, the bottles are good insulators (绝缘体) and help keep the home at a comfortable temperature. Even better? The homes are also resistant (抵抗的) to an earthquake.Recycling plastic bottles is good for our environment — So be sure to do your part!1．Why shouldn’t we throw plastic bottles into the oceans?A．Plastic can’t break into pieces easily.B．Plastic bottles will go into deep water.C．Fish and birds often eat small pieces as food.2．Which has the similar meaning as the underlined word “woes” in paragraph 2?A．Troubles.B．Houses.C．Bottles.3．What can we infer from the passage?A．Plastic Bottle Houses will be comfortable.B．Plastic bottle houses fall down easily in an earthquake.C．Plastic bottle houses can solve our environment problems completely.4．What is the best title for the passage?A．Bezeau and his volunteersB．Panama’s Plastic Bottle HousesC．Recycling is good for our oceans【2】They hang from trees. They float in rivers and oceans. They are piled up in landfills. As many as 3 billion plastic bags are used every day in China. Our daily use of plastic products bas, for many years, been a leading cause of serious environmental problems around the world. China has drawn up new guidelines, trying to bring plastic pollution under control across the country in five years.According to the new guidelines, non-biodegradable plastic bags will disappear in big cities including Beijing and Shanghai by the end of this year. Then the ban on some biodegradable plastic garbage will appear in these cities two years later. And that rule will have been in all parts of our country by late 2025.Luckily, China will not start from zero. Late last year, the country introduced a national standard for biodegradable plastic shopping bags. Some places have gained valuable experience that others can learn from. For example, Jilin Province is leading the way by providing shopping bags that are eco-friendly in some local supermarkets.Thinking of China’s consumer market, people know the biggest problems come from restaurants and online-shopping platforms, such as Taobao and Jingdong. They are using a large number of plastic products. It’s reported that nearly 25 billion plastic bags were used for deliveries in 2018. Most of them were hardly reused.However, most Chinese people welcomed the government’s effort to cut the use of plastics. “Beijing is thinking about the problem seriously,” said Tang Damin, a member of Greenpeace East Asia in Beijing. He added thar the policy could be far more effective by using incentives such as a deposit return programme on plastic products.5．The ban on some biodegradable plastic garbage will appear in big cities in _________.A．2020B．2022C．2024D．20256．In Paragraph 3, the writer mainly introduces _________.A．how difficult it is to cut the use of plastic bagsB．when plastic products will disappear in our lifeC．what has been done to cut the use of plastic bagsD．how plastic products cause environmental problems7．According to the passage, _________ play the most important part in using plastic products. A．Taobao and Jingdong B．supermarkets in the countryC．shops in Beijing and Shanghai D．restaurants and online shopping8．The passage probably comes from _________.A．a sports report B．a science novelC．a social magazine D．an adventure story答案解析【1】1．C2．A3．A4．C【分析】本文主要通过Robert Bezeau建造塑料瓶村庄的例子，呼吁人们要循环使用塑料瓶，为我们的海洋环境出一份力。